Madam Nhu Trần Lệ Xuân Quyền Lực Bà Rồng - Monique Brinson Demery

8/6/2016
MadamNhuTrnLXunQuynLcBRng
vietmessenger.com
http://vietmessenger.com/books/?action=print&title=madamnhutranlexuanquyenlucbarong&page=all&prev=1
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MoniqueBrinsonDemery
MadamNhuTrnLXunQuynLcB
Rng
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8/6/2016
MCLC
1.Paris,2005
2.NhngNmMBBQun
3.MtGianhQuynQu
4.ChnDungMtTiuTh
5.CinThoingDi
6.mConChyLon
7.MtNinLnhTrnNi
8.NginngKLngNam
9.NhtPhuNhnTrongDinhcLp
10.NhngTmDaCp
11.TraiTrVLoLng
12.NhngNhSTThiu
13.QupCThLmNg
14.Cang
15.oChnh
16.LuVong
Dchgi:MaiSn
Chng1
PARIS,2005
VothiimtibtutmhiubNgnhNhuthbsngluvonghnbnchcnmri.Nm1963,nhcaodanhvngcab,tNew
YorkTimesgivnhtPhunhnminNamVitNambamichntuinylnginb"quynlcnht"chuvsosnhbviLucrezia
Borgia.NhngchnhcitingtmRngCicabmangnchobskhcbitchthc.KhiccnhstthiutrnngphSiGn,phn
ngcabNhultnbokhngtht:"Chtthiu,richngtasvtay",bmmcini."NuccPhttmuncthmmtcucnng
tht,tishnhoancungcpduxngvmtquedim".Vpnguyhim,viimtennhanhchngtrthnhbiutngcamisailmcho
scandcaMvochintranhVitNam.
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BNhubindnkhiisngcngcngsauthngMiMtnm1963,khichngb,NgnhNhu,vanhchngb,TngthngVitNamCng
haNgnhDim,bgitchttrongmtcucochnhcchnhquynMbtnxanhngh.NhTngthngJohnF.Kennedygiithchvi
ngibnthncang,Paul"Red"Fay,HoaKphiloitranhemhNgmtphnvbNhu."Conchci",ngnivibn,"ngyraht...
Conchcichamivovlmmithsisclnht".
cnhiucunschmxbincthngMiMtnm1963vcoisltanhemhNgnhyutthenchtdnnvicMleothangchin
tranhVitNam.NhngnhngnghinculchsvvochnhphnlnkhngnhnravaitrcabNhu.Lmthnommtnginb
thmchchatibnmituivcaochatimtmtsuvigiycaogtcththuhtschhontoncamtsiucngnhM,vli
koncMvomtcucxungtskodithmmtthpkvlyimngsngcahngtriungi?
TiParistmhiumcd,tiphithanhn,tihilolng.PhngvinhngtinAP(AssociatedPress)MalcolmBrowne,tngcgii
Pulitzer,vittronghikcangrng,t"kinhnghimcnhn"ngbitbNhu"cthlkthnguyhimnhtmmtngicthgp".V
chnhliugytm.RngCilhnhnhtngtngkiuTyphngvmtngingphngdmdc,suyi,vnguyhim.Cikhun
muccnycranhngnginbchuquynlctrcbNhu,nhbTngMLinh,vTngGiiThchvTHiThiHu.Vn
phnqucTokyoRose,gingnincachngtrnhphtthanhtuyntruynNhtBntrongThchinthhai,vncninmtrongkcchung
MkhibNhubuctinhngngiMVitNamhnhngnh"nhngtnlnhnhthu".HuqulhnhnhRngCimcngchngthy
bNhulmtchiu,nhmttnvliriaxontrongmtkchbnHollywoodti,mnhvythhiquddi.
Mcchobnnghgvb,bNhutrctipthtaynhonnlchs.Nhngbimlngtrongmychcnm.Dnitinglbctrc,bnthn
nginbnychothgiibitrttvmnh.BNhuuiphngvinNewYorkTimescuicngtmcchtipcnbrakhithmnhmnh
vquno.Chuynxyravonm1986.
Dgnhaiminmtriqua,khngcldogchothytiscthmchtmaymnno,titnhkhinhnlntanhbnkiang.Cchch
vitrmmtsaulngti,thpEiffelvncaosngsng.Ticgiknokhimcctngcatanh."Mtbgiganl",tingh.Theonhngg
mnhiungibit,trongcnhngngicgilchuyngiamtiphngvn,bNhuangsngtrongmtbitthxpxtngvi
trng,ungoiRome.tngcnhngnonvvicbcnsnghaycht.
Nhngticldotinrngby,giaParis.
VictitmhiubNhubtunthunvtm.Tirainm1976,khongmibythngsaukhiktthcchintranh[VitNam].Nhhuht
nhngatrlnlntrongnhngnm1980,nhnghiubitutincativVitNamntphimnhngilnchcchnkhngninhiu
vnnlmttpmcanhngcnhqutmybaytrcthngpmnh,nhnglutranhbcchy,vnhngcnhrngnhitibbomnapan
tnph.Tigimintngchonnmthhaiihc,khitighidanhmthckncngoitiihcQucgiaVitNamHNi,mti
nghchhcchovui.BNgoigiaoMkhuynconntimphngbnhthnghn,unvn,vbnhdi,cngnhmangtheothucchngmuiv
it.Chatisngst:"ChatriquanhngnmhaimituitmcchthotrakhiVitNam,cnbygithcontmcchbcvo!"
ntrcnm2003tilycbngthcsvchuhc,sngVitNamhailn,vnhnchcbngcaBGiodcM,iu
khintihtscttinvoccknngtingVitcamnhminlchnivnhngchuynngin,nhthcnhaythitit.Nhngkhinghn
chuyntmmtviclmthcs,ticgtilmnhiuhnllycchicbtCIAtuytptihichviclmchosinhvin.
Thayvimtvimttnglaibttrc,titmthysthoiminitilunctrongschv.TikhngngngtrlitnghaiThvintrungtm
cathnhphBoston,niluginhngcunschvitvVitNam.Bn,nmnginngtrctuichatimcnhngciochonglcv
nhngciqunlngthng,thngngiquanhnhngchicbntcnhccgisch.Micphthiuvngvntrongkhngkhchungquanhh.
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ThtkhtihagiimtVitNamtibittnm2004nhnggngmtthnthin,chbanhnnhpvnhngthnhphhini,vimtx
svcucchinchnviqunhiucuci.NhngnginngnycthlgnukhngccucchintranhVitNam?
"Cuciytnhc",chatithngni,nhmtcuthnch.ngnicunhani.lcchngxoaducmgicngythcativbt
cng,vlcchnghiuthgiiny.Chatinhnclnhginhpngquabuinvonm1966,ngaysaukhittnghipihc.ngc
nhnvohcsauihcvccplngcatrging,nhngybanqundchbcnxinhonnhpngcang.Ccthngscachati
gnnhbomngvobbinhVitNam,nngingnhnhiungicngchunghoncnh,ngnpnvotrngSquanvcnhpng.
nggpnhiuthunlihn,vlsquantnhnguyn,sovimtanhlnhqundchitun.
Ch vi tun trc khi n hn phi trnh din tri hun luyn, cha ang xem truyn hnh trong phng khch nh ng b ti. Tng thng Lyndon
Johnsonxuthintrnmnhnhvthngbomrngdinhonthihnhqundchiviccthygiocaohc.Chanhycnglnkhighvm
chmlybtinhanhnhnvbnhtnh,nggichoybanqundchaphng,xcnhnhonnhpng,rilyqunotrongcctixchra.
ngbccsquantuynqun,nhngnginnglngmuntchtiu,vDonbnng,trchmc.Donvchaticngintrngihcmi
ngysutbnnm.HllnggingcanhautrongkhungoicangilaongSeattle,vsngnhchammnhtitkimtinphngv
tincmthng.Htngbnkhonhcvncahsthnokhixutthntgianhngho.Doncngcmtchtrongchngtrnhsauihc.
nglracthsdngquynhonnhpngnhchati.
NhngDonchornghondchchnglmg.ngthuytphcchatitrlingk,"Chchoxongquchchori",ngllun.Hsthchin
mtchuyninghavngnngingNamtrckhisngphnicnlicamnh.
HaitunsaukhiDoncmtVitNam,chicmybaytrcthngchngbbnrivngthitmng.
Khicnlmtcgi,tithngnhnchnlnkschtrongphngkhchlycunTimeLifebanunivchintranhVitNam.Nhngtmnh
kinhkhngvhpdn,gichotinhiucuhimngilnkhcthtrliht.CmttmnhchpmtcnhstngiNamVitNambnv
umtnginngvmttmchpmtcbtrntrungbnglaangchytrnng.Nlmtcucchintranhmtiskhngbaogitm
hiu,tinghvy,nhngthayvgpschli,ticthngxuynmrac.TmnhtithchnhtlcaLarryBurrowschpbNhunm1962.Vi
nhnglntcenvmngtaysnbngnhong,bnibtlngiamngmcbinhphcmulcvngthichin.Mcchicoditruynthng
VitNam,mutrngtinhkhit,vvicieonhxu,cthniblnginbthanhnhngoitrkhusnglcmuenmbgingln,
nhmvsnsngbn.Clnngianhchngcab,TngthngNgnhDim,nghingsknocaciovtvakhtthnhnhmnhd
cabNhu,ninshvaihccan,ngheniblmngcnghngbngcutrlikhinhth:"Khngphicanhliramlcti.Nn
anhimigim".
StmvbNhucamtthiunnhtidndnchuynthnhsnhnnhnmtvnrtthii.Mtnginbnmchonhovchm
scvngoislunbbuctilthiunghimtcvnhngchnhschxhiangthayi.Ngynay,MichelleObamabchtrchvhaibptayv
tcngangtrn,nhngbchlnhtPhunhnHoaKgnnhtvtlnvicccuhivphongcchvquynth.JacquelineKennedy,ngi
cngthivibNhuvonm1963,lmtbiutngMvthitrang,sthanhlch,vyukiu.Lc,bchorngphnnnngngoichnh
trv"hkhngphhp".Jackiethovcuchnnhn"chu"camnhvhontonkhngphnibNhu,k"ammquynlcmtcchk
d".
VicthiunhngcutrliddngvbNhubomrngcativncnchonkhitinhnramnhngitrongthvinhnggikhngbit
lmg.ingangquanhngcinhnchmchmtrngrngcacccuchinbinhtngthamchinVitNam,ngicngticnhccgisch,tibt
urpnicuchuyncucicanginbmminginilgyraqunhiurcri.
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TivnchcnhngntphcthovcuchuynbNhukhititchnxungParishainmsau.Tilntheomtduvtmnhtdatrnbi
bocamtngimtichatngngheting,ngtrnmttrangwebtingVittngic.TcginiphngvnbNhu,ngimaicng
bitlsngndt,trongcnhcabbanmtrc,nm2002.Titnhbcbtuynb,nhngtcginichnhxcvcnhtngmi
mtccasnhbpnhnrathpEiffel.Chititmtnhctinhnmtchuyn.
TrongkhiscsonghscaClareBootheLucethvinQuchivithngtrc,titmthymtlthcabNhu,nhdubuinnm
1964.Lucetngltcgi,nghsM,v,vitcchmtnginghkinnhnhngchnhkinccbothcangCnghaWashington,b
cvlbncabNhu.achngigicvitnguchngocmtsaubthchotintngutinvlivitchntmnhcabNhu.Khi
ti c n ch nh c khong khng nhn ra thp Eiffel, ti nh li mnh cn thn phng theo nt ch ngon ngoo ca b vo s tay: i l
CharlesFloquet.Tichatngnghrngbcthvncnsng,nhnggiytithi,tisaokhng?
Mtcilicnhnvtibittisai.TanhtrngltrnilCharlesFloquetnibtngsng,trngnhchtrncamtnhctibtrutph
chonkhinhnti.Nhngnchctmtng.Thmchkhixtnthinhngchuuvthitktnglubntrntngtrttngthnht,tanh
nyvncnthiutngmimtmlunaytitm.
Tignnhbcucngaychny.NgayckhibibovitngvbNhuangsngParis,phicnhngtrmtanhkiuhnhvikhong
trinhnrathpEiffel?Cthbcchymtdmmvnnhnthyn.Cithpnylvtduynhtnibtgiamtthnhphbngphngnh
th.nglctingcnhnngchntringuynracimhccathnhphpnhtthgiiny,tichtnghmtiuinr.Tingi
xungbngghgnvnhnquanh.Mtthnhphthpnhthnginlkhngcnhiutanhmimttngnhtlkhuvcnyca
Paris.Tiphiitipchonkhitmramttanhnhvy.
Tivaquakhimtdynhththychng:batanhgingnhau,mtsailmnathk,gnilSuffrendcbsngSeine.Ttculb
tngvnhnggccnhxinlch.Khngsaotichongvngkhinhnthychng,vmitanhcaonmihaitnglngly.Titanhu
tin,tithymtginhcamtphnnmcxunhxongangqutcuthang.Tingpngngtinngncni"Excusezmoi"(tingPhp:Xin
lib)vhitip,htsclchs,cmtbgingiVitsngtrongtanhcactngmimtkhng.Cngngtayluchcitanh
kbn."Tichclcangtmnginbs24",cvanivacimmvlcu.Cthtihoangtng,nhnghnhnhctaangci
ctti.
Ctakhngphilngiutinnghingiti.KhitithlvigioscvncaohccamnhrngtiangitmRngCi,bnmchotici
nhntrchthngtinghvy,v,nhnhngngikhc,bchorngbNhunginchlmtchqungngn.Timtnhiuthigian
hiurng,vgioscvncamnh,ngisngSiGnsutthikthamchnhcabNhuvnhnthybnhccamnhbcnhstNam
VitNambtgi,khngnghbNhulmttingxemli.
Nhngbygitignnniri.Phnchnbimtcignhlsttin,hoccllslcquanngyth,tibmchungchngibov
s24ilSuffren,vkhibxuthin,titotmingcinhnb.Saukhibtivotrong,tithlnbnciphongbmngmuxanhtnB
NgnhNhu.
"Cmuncig?"bbovlubuhi.Bhithiulchsthichkhnghnthl,nhngtikhngquantm.BkhngnhbNhutrnlu.
"Xinbombynhnccinygimti",tinhnhngp.Bntrongphongthlmuvitngncnthnnghmtcucphngvnv
mttrongnhngtmdanhthipchmnidotitlmphngkhicntramnhchuynnghip.Ngymai,bNhusbitchxctilai.Khitii
ngcvgatuinngm,tiltquatrongunhnggtisnikhibgichoti:Tirtmunlmchocuchuynvbsngr,tirthy
vnglpynhngkhongtrngcalchs,vtidmnghrngchngtacthboluphnnodisncaRngCi.Tichabaogicngh
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rngbycthcnhngkhochcaringmnh.
Chng2
NHNGNMMBBQUN
KhngainghenigvbNhuktmahnm1986mahmsongthnb,TrnVnChngvThnThNamTrn,bsthi.
ChambNhutngrtnitingtronggiingoigiao,thmchcmtgiaionngnhnitingvcngkhaitchiacongiRngCivonm
1963.VitNam,vchngngChngthucdngdiquynqu:ngChngliachvllutsVitNamutincbngtinslutca
PhpbNamTrn,lcngcha,concaKinThiVng(emvuaTc).HsngmtcucivnggiVitNamtrcchintranh,vihai
chcngihuhtunchn.BChngbmchtvocmgicvngquynngayckhigivaitrvcamtnhngoigiaoWashington,
D.C.Khitipkhch,byucumingikhngcmcyphcmuvng,muhonggia,ngoitrb.
VchngngChngsngWashingtonkhingcbnhimlmisVitNamCnghavonm1957.HaingitrvVitNamquanhng
chuynithmngnngivonhngnm1960,nhngkhngbaogivnasauchinthngcanhngngiCngsnnm1975.Vchngng
Chngvhulungtmmitmvbbymisu.Cpvchnggiangsngnhnnhngngycuiitrongkhungoivnglng
caWashington,D.C,thbacontraicnhtgitchttinh.Vsthiemcuchuyngianhbithmvkquicahranhsng.
BNhukhngndmtang.Volc,bnthnbcnganggii.Blnginbndtsumttuiangsngtrongmtbitthxpx
ngoiRomevicccon.NghenrngbNhuvtschngnkhVitNamCnghatrckhiritquclncui,nhngkhngcnnhiu
duhiuxahoabngoina.Bbndnmncaci.Vicyliumcumtmvmyconcuangnhaiclttcnhnggtchngibitth
mangcitnntngSereneLight(nhsngThanhbnh)khiniRomelnxn.Nhngvtqugiduynhtcablnhngthbxoayxct
gikhiriSiGnmtmnh,ntrangvlngthbangmcvnhngthbnhttrongvali.Nhngthcngsmrai.Nm1971,bNhu
lnnnhncamtvtrmntrang:bntrmcumivng,ngcbch,vqutrgi32.000M 1.BNhuclkhngtini
Washington,D.C,thychambcchnctchtlbkhngtinitheocchmbcholthchhp.
KhibNhunMlncuicngvothngMinm1963,chambbbngtrnthmnhhWashingtonringsmcatrcmtb.
Chabgiblk"cunginquynlc"vni"khngmunthymt"bna.MbximyngiMnmtrngvcchuavongib.
CililphvmtgitrKhnggiothinglingnht:lnghiutho.Concilunphitnknhcham.BNhuchdmnibnggirngcham
bchcl"bsay"ri.lmttrongnhnglunimathchcabNhubdngnchnglichamb,bochquct,vthmchTng
thngMJohnF.Kennedy.NhngnghacantrongtingAnhkhnghontonchnhxcnhbnhmti."Intoxicated"trongtingPhpcngha
lbuc.BmunbngginirngnhngngiCngsnucdluncngchngchnglib.Bangtmcchmchrngchin
thutghgmcaCngsnangctcdngmtchinthutnhmlmchongiMxalnhgianhb.NhngbNhukhnglantruynthng
ip.Thayvvybhaylonho,buctinhngaibkhngthchlangsay.Sauvochnh1963SiGn,bochtngthutrngbNhu
giihavicha.ngChngnivsgiaohotrli:"Tritimtirtgnvitritimcongiti".
ivihngxm,ngbChngchlcpvchnggithnthin,haymmcivitrcon,cnconvmcolenngayctrongmah.Nginh
cah,s5601ilWestern,lnhgchkiuGeorgiahaitngvinithtmutrng.Rogiulcnocngcctta,liitrongvnc
quttcschs.BcscangChngmtngnhmtnginnglchsvuiv,"rtthnthin",vngthchisini,lunmingci.
Khngthhnhdungniivchngnysngquabacucchintranh,trnthotcnhstmtcathcdn,vnhlacdukchCngsn
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chrithyoncuicaimnhvomtmthngBytnhlngtrongsantoncanginhring.
Bococacnhstmtchititvicphthinhaithith.BChngnmtrnngichng.Cnhtayphicabvngquanhng,nhthbcht
tronglcmhnng.Hmcpyjamascgingnhau,nhngbqunocangthmmnctiu.MitrncabChngbdp,vdicm
cmtvttry.Haiimxuthuyttrongmt,khimurratccmchmuliti,mtduhiurrngchothybbpchocbpmitrong
trnghpnyclbngmtcigi.
MibngchnguchnTrnVnKhim,contraiduynhtcangbChng.KhimbbriliVitNamnm1963vchunhiuaukh.Cho
nlcKhimvnlacondngdicamtgianhquynquVitNam,tngkhngthiumtcigtrni.KhichcanglnhtPhu
nhn,ngcnhnmtghtrongQuchicachnhquynVitNamCnghavnhngsmnhngoigiaoncngoi.Khimchytheothi
trangtaychiinhnh,nhngngbhpdnvonhnghotngchnhtrngm,nhtlnhngmmu.Khimtungtinnnglngingu
lclnganninhmt.ngnivinhbocDenisWarnerrngngcmtdanhschccnhnvtMsbgitSiGn,baogmnhnvini
squnvquns.ChngbNhukhngthchnglmngchorngngKhimkhngchnchnvngngnh.NnkhiKhimndinhththm
ch,bNhunhtnhphingcadnnphngkhchhocsdngphngng.ngNhuvngDimskhngbitngta.Thcravicanh
emhNgthchhaykhngthchngKhimkhngthnhvn.ngtalngicagianh,vchiccachrngchechng.Khng
aihmhicngkhianhemhNgvnnmgiquynlc.2
Nhngsau,khibNhuiluvong,ngKhimmtmnhNamVitNam.HingqunnhnmiSiGnbtgiamng.TWashington,m
ngtmcchcanthip.BgiinchoRogerHilsmanBNgoigiaoM,ninglmmtiugcuacontraiduynhtcab.ngnh
lirngbChngrtquntr,nhngngayctronglcbkchng,vnvcmvthcdng.ngKhim"chlmtthngbngungc",bChng
vanv.ngtavhi,chlmtkn"xunngcvchutcngcachng"lbNhu.
NhnglikhnnicabChngkhngcaimxati.isMHenryCabotLodgelracthgipnhngngtrath.ngcoing
Khiml"krtngchtrch"vskhngcanthipvocimngnikhngchtmamail"sthcthicngl"cahingqunnhn. 3ng
KhimbgiamtrongmtnhlaoccaPhpSiGn.Nhlinhngngy,ngginhngghlmvinglmngmtngvkitsckhin
tmtrngrilonl"stratnkhoahc". 4Nhngchtngcngkhngbhnhquyt.Hingqunnhnmikhngthchnhngngilu
nhimtchccthedaquynlccah,nhngrrnghkhngnghngKhimcthgyranhiueda.Hoccthngtashuch
hnchohnungtacnsng,mtbngchngchonhnggxyravinhngktrungthnhvichc.NgiemchngcabNhu,Ng
nhCn,cngkhngkhhn.ngbtlitvbnhtiungdokhngciutrtrongthigianbgiamkhmChHanmcngitaphi
khingngratanvtngdavobctngtrckhiithihnhnxbnng.
SaungKhimbaxungtuyraCno,philaongkhsaichonkhithnxcrurvucmm.Khngaibitnhngcuc
thnglngknnogipngrakhiVitNamnPhp,nhnglcbygi,mibnchctuingKhimcvngoicamtnglo.ng
mangbnhtimvthn.Nhngtnhikhccang,nhngtnhivthnkinh,khngphthincngay.
ngKhimkhngtmcviclm,mnglicvvacontraimihaituiphilotoan.Chamngnghramtcucxptcthcu
vn danh d: h ni v h ngy cng gi yu nn cn ng n chung. Bng cch cho php ng Khim, v con ng, n sng chung vi h
Washington,chamnggipngcngnhiunhngsgiph,trnlthuyt.Nhngchuynthcrakhngbaogixyra.Nhngba
cmgianhbinthnhnhngcuccic,nhngbtngchnhkinvnhngcuchuynqualutimtchkhngcntntina.
ngbChnglyhtcanmuingKhimrakhinhkhingtaphthindichccahaingi.ngKhimkhngcthak.Trong
lthccngchngvitbngntchngayngn,stsao,bChngnirngcontraib"cihnhxnhmtaconbthiu,tit,
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thngxuyngyrakhngbitbaonhiulphinphcvaubunchocham.Lihnhxnhthkhngthnoqunvthathctrongmt
gianhVitNamtruynthng".
Vimibngchngchnglimnh,vsthingChnglralvnd,nhngrincdyda.CuhiliungKhimcgitchamng
khngvnkhngrrng.Vnlxcnhngtacnnglctmthnratavhaivgitngicchnhhaykhng.Nhmlutscang
Khimphnimnhlnhcatabucngdngthucctrtmthncstnhtocnthit,nhngvthiunhngtinlphpl,phi
mtnbynmtrikhngnvnhimtphnquytnhvy.HnhvikquivnhngtrkchgiaphngxncaKhim,victhacho
nhngtcdngphcathuc,lmchmtintrnhxn.
TnhtrngtmthncangKhimchnghtintrintrongbynmctrliunhmtbnhnhnphpltibnhvintmthnSt.Elizabeth
nmvphatynamWashington,D.C.Thitchnygingnhsbtchcctnhnhobnghnhnhmtdngtrvin:hngngnbno
cboquntrongformaldehyde,vmtlthiutichthplnnonvnhnggxyraviccnnnhnbphuthutthynovnhng
hpchtlmthnghimcaCIAnh"thucnitht".Trangthitbhnghcvthiuthnthucmenlchuynthngngy,vhthngsibt
lithngtunl.5ngKhimnmbnhvinSt.Elizabethminnm1993.Tanticaobcnkhngcocangvsthrmimi
rngngschngbaogicnnglctmthntbochachomnh.ngbtrcxutquaPhpvbtvmtnkt.6
MikhitihibNhuvngiemtrainy,tiunhncsimlng.Thngthbsni,"Ttnhinlcuyvncnsng!"nhngtichng
baogitmcchtmanhminovng.
NhngnmthngbtyvtratnlmmmuccangKhim.ngtinrngmnhbbavytrongmtmmucanhngkphc
qucDoThichnghangvitnhvytrongmtlthgiTngthngRonaldReagan,vltrckhingckunivTngthngHoaK
ratrctalmchngchong.Cinghtxoayxlycucsngcamnhmkhngnhncshtrvtchtnotchamctphng
nhngsichmngmanhktningKhimvithcti.Btlunnhngnghcungdinoltquatmtrngkhingsitngtsongthngi
yucamnhbngchicgitrongphngngcah,bNhucngbytichtcmthng.NunhbliminNamVitNam,aibitcb
phichungnhngg?Emtraibtuytnhinkhngphilmtnhnvttingtmnhbthttbhnphiimtvimtsphnbi
thmhnnhiu.
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nhntnhin.Emtraibthtslnnnhn."Nhngtnmtvcmi"cbtmingngvngbitnhngbmtkhngkhipvncM."H
[]quytnhthanhtonng"bngcchgihachongtistnhnvnhtngvomtnhthngin.Tuykhngniranhnghycm
chlchnhquynHoaK.BnkhngthnotrchcgbNhucqutnhtrongqukhchnhphHoaKtngcmmuhmhib.
CngnhngKhim,bNhubloirakhichcthcachammnh.Mcabngintinrngccongith"khngcntichucpcho
na".BNhukhnghilng.TrongkhivxtxngKhimbsalytrongnhngvkhngco,bthulutscangKhimthaymtbv
ngiemtraitmthnbttoiiliphnthaktrongdisncasongthnquccah.ngccabNhuthtlmmuinukhngnill
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Nhusnhncphntisncamnh.VnlcbygisbnmrangoihthngtphpHoaKvldolichxungt.
Khnglusauvnmng,bNhuhontonimhilngtingtrcbogii."ylchuynringcagianh",ltuynbsaucngcab.y
lmtgianhthcscbit:MtcongimnhdanhRngCibluynRome,mtcontraistnhnbgiamgitrongmtnhthngin,
vngiconlnnht,LChiOggeri,sngmtcucicvbnhdcamtgiosvnghsBcCarolina,lkcnhtcnlithankhc
chosongthnkhut."Hkhngngphichuktccny",LChibunbnivicckgicaWashingtonPost."Nhngcucipnh
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vylracmtktthcchu".
ngbChngcmaitngcchnginhnihthitthnnmdm.NghatrangRockCreeklmtkhuvcngnngangrngtmmisumu
Anh,giamtvnginvintipnmgctybccathWashington,D.C.Mtconngnhahpunlnlnxungnhngtmbia
mrirctrnccngninhnhngctbumnhpnhgiamtidnggnsngxanhlc.Chngkhcmtvicitnlnglycaqukh
dnghRooseveltvdnghAdamsvmtvitntuililcngthi,nhTimRussertvGoreVidal.PhnmicangbChngnm
khuL,phnnaonngilnmtcondcnh.
Cpbiamlmbnggranitemuhoahng,vimthoasencchmgindbndimicitncah.isTrnVnChng.Cngcha
NamTrnTrnVnChng.Triquahaimilmnmnngdubib,cuicnghnmbnnhautrnngniny.McabChng
khngcnhontonthngtpmnmhichnhchch,nhthbangnghingvphachngmnhvy.
VobuisngmaxuntinthmngbChng,nhngvtcumtmgnsngxungquanhnhngtmbiavgianhngngim,khinchng
trngcvhitiuiu.Vicemduvachugiangngtrnchicxenidinglmbnnghnh,tihnhdungrngchngtilnhng
vkhchutinmngbChngcctrongthigiangny.Tibtchtnhnramnhtaykhngnthmh."Lrannmanghoa
theo",tilmnhmtrongming.
C em du bc ti. C t chic ni em b gia hai ngi m, qu gi xung, v bt u nh m c di. Cng nhau, chng ti nhanh chng dn
quang gn ni ny. Khi chng ti ko m c cao chen chc quanh nhng tm bia m, mi hnh di lan ta trong khng trung. Mi ny s ch cn
vnglitrnnhngungntaychngtitrongmtvigi,nhngcmgicthamnkhinhnthyvdnquangnhngngimluliviti.
iutngtrngchomtnhimvtrcmt.tmhiubtkiugvRngCi,tisphisptnhngchititcucibtrongtrttv
tgianhngChngvomtbicnhlnlaohncalchsVitNam.iuquantrnglkcuchuyntrckhinchusghlnhcamt
nmmblngqun.
Trckhirii,tittaylnmitmbia.HnhnhnhnggngmthintcangbChngtrntbohinlntrcmtti.Tirtitic
thngchohnhngghtriquathtqukhngkhip.NhnglicaLChi,congiccah,vanglntrongtmtrti:"Bncngklv
nhngvinhquangcaqukh,ciktccscngtrnnkinhkhng".7
1 Phn"NhngGhiChVNgi",NewYorkTimes,16thng10,1971,37.
2 VlicnhcontngcangKhimvdanhschen,xem"GicthcaGimcCcNghincutnhbo(Hughes)giBtrngNgoi
giao",6thng9nm1963,ForeignRelationsoftheUnitedStates(FRUS)QuanHNgoiGiaoCaHoaK,19611963,tp4,Vietnam:August
December1963(Washington,D.C:GPO,1991),122123vMargueriteHiggins,OurVietnamNightmarecMngVitNamCaChngTa(New
York:HarperandRow,1965),227.TcgicthngtinvvicanhemhNgkhngthchKhimvnhngcucgpgbmtvichngtatrong
mtcucphngvnnm2005viJohnPhm.
3 CucgiincabChngviHilsmancktmtrongintncaBNgoigiaotiSiGns764(8thng11nm1963)Vcutrli
caLodge,xemintncaisquntSiGns984,9thng11,1963.
4 ThcaTrnVnKhimgichoKgicDenisWarner,ngy1thng5,1964.
5 JoeHolley,"TussleoverSt.Elizabeth's:PreservationistsSetTheirSightsonWhatCouldBecomeDepartmentofHomelandSecurityHeadquarters",
WashingtonPost,17thng6nm2007,C1.
6 VvicKhimbyquaPhp,xem"ManChargedwithKillingParentsDeportedtoFranceNginngMangTiGitChaMByQua
10/138
8/6/2016
Php"caSantiago0'Donnell,WashingtonPost,29thng10nm1993,D6vnhngghichpcaTanTicaoHoaK,Khiem,TranVan,
PetitionerV.UnitedStates,926587507U.S.924113s.Ct.1293122L.Ed.2d6841993U.S.LEXIS132361U.S.L.W.3582,22thng2,1993.
7 LChicdnlitrong"AJourneyfromGlorytoGraveVietnameseClarisSagaBeganinPalace,MayEndinCourt",caSaundraSapersteinv
ElsaWalsh,WashingtonPost,19thng10,1987,Al.
Chng3
MTGIANHQUYNQU
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tngmymaynghnvicmtngynobginhxuny,choitrongmtbnhvinHNivongy22thng8nm1924,rtcucstr
thnhmtcigquantrng.
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vvymkhngchutrtxungngsinh.Bsphnikpforcep,nhngdngcnhbvkhoahchini,nhlscanthipvothin.
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chnnngDng,nhngylmtcacbit.
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nhngngiPhpsaymb,nhngngitchobbitdanh"Vinngctraichu".1Mcdcdyvnghthutnitr,cngnhcaht
vthutha,bkhngbaogicnngndchmtngntaymnhd,ngoitrrungchunggingihu.Nhimvquantrngnhtcab
vitcchngivlsinhchochngmtacontraithat.
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iuttpnhttrni,tmtnngiodcTyphngchonmtcduthucdngdihongtc. 2DnghTrncangvncquanhh
hngvinhvua,thnhrangChngcnglmtngibconxavivng.
VbcsngiPhphncmthyplcghgmculycihnhhitinhtcuicngldingiamtlpmngnhynhahuytdch.
ylchivbcschngtbnthnvsvttricannyhcTyphng.ngnmchthaimtcchncaabvtlinhivo
cpmngbxuchonkhinhngtingkhcutinbtra.
11/138
8/6/2016
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mnh?Khivamichoi,chngcmyldongitatinrngsphncabskhcvihngbaothkphnitrcb.Trongtruyn
thngKhnggiong,contraicchischmscchamkhigiyu,vchccontraimilquantrngtrongtptcthcngttinca
ngiVit.TcngVitNamtruynthngthutmnithtvngcavicsinhcongi:"Nhtnamvithu,thpnvitv",hay"Mttrmcongi
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giithotkhivaitrngihuthtscagianhchng,cbitlmanhta,chnkhicccontrai.Vnglunquncthtipdin.
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13/138
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thangthbccagianhchng.Hnthna,mchngbaramtviliedangngi.Bmuncontraib,ngChng,lyvlnu
athhainykhngphicontrai.ngChng,suychocng,lcontraitrngcanhhTrndanhgingnntndngmichitruyn
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thongngtnhngmanhangnngitrckhinhngcngilnhtTrungQuctrnqua.
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cnhngthiquentmtpcngbhnch.Phongtcnyxutphttnhngmiutthctlinquannnhngrirotvongcatrssinh
trongvngchuthnhiti,nhngtrnthctcikhungcnhumsaukhisinhthnkhinngitangpth.Ngoitrthylangvthybil
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lnhmcvtinhthncangimngthngbphongkntrongcnphngtibathngtri,cngaconginhmbkhnghmongmun,
ngthythtlnvsphncaatr:"Thtlngoisctngtng!"ab,ngnivibChngangrunlyby,sleolnnnhng
nhcaovivi."Ngisaochiumnhcankhngthnotthn!"Bgislnlntrongnimtinvovnmnhcamnhngthivilitintri
xnlnkhinmcghentmtcchsuxa.Ktqulmtcucivinhngmiquanhmconycngthngvsngvcbttn.
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trongthigianngnngit1885n1889,lngngoicab.Mtlotnhngngianhemhcabthaynhaukvngaivngkt.L
mtthnhvincahongtcmrng,bccoilmtcngcha,vblhinthncasduyndngtruynthngvimtngoil:khimm
ci,rngbtrngsngnhngctrai.Bchnglihtcnhumenrngbngvi.Vinhngtrnglotronggiatc,ncitrngtinhcab
trnggmghic,nhthmtchicmingyxng.Nhngchicrngtrngvdithucvnhngkmanrvdthnhumenchngn
trnhnhngnishirngmtlinhhntmalnltutrongconngi.Mtcimingvihmrngenbnglbiuhintruynthngca
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staonhvcip.
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vinhngthvuiuchukhicnlmtsinhvinduhcngyuthchthica,ruvangPhp,nhngbphimTyphng,vxemt.Quaylng
li vi truyn thng, bn thn ng Chng ct phng mi tc di ct thnh bi v t b thi quen qun quanh u chic khn xp tiu biu ca
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tc,da,vttcnhngphnmrngcamtcucsngcchambanchoconci.NhngnhnglthiTyphnganglnth.ngChng
lhinthncastinbvimitcngn,trangphc,vtcphongcamtlutslmvicvichnhquynthcdn.Nhvy,ngschngi
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mtthpninsaungyci.Clcdubnhcnthigiantntuiththai.
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caTrnVnThng,mtquanthngctnhctrngvngBcKthucPhp.TheohscangtrongthkhthucaPhp,ngChng
rikhiVitNamlncvtrcangkhnglusaulci.ngnPhpvBcPhitiptchctp.
StnhtonthigiancachngthiuninChngthtkhngchvouc.ngrikhingDngngaytrckhiThchinthnhtnra.
Chcnmunthmchmtnmvicriislbtkhtrongthichin.NhngbinctrnthgiibcbchchngthanhninChngsngxa
qunhtronghnminm.ngcthtndngnhngchigiodcddngccuchunhngchatngcnghethyvimt
ngiVitNam,ngaycvivthxhicangina.ngChngtheohccctrngtrunghcAlgiers,Montpellier,vParis,nhnbngtin
slutkhoanm1922.6nglngiVitNamutinlmciu.
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7
NgitangycnglntingchtrchvnhngchigiodccthtmcVitNam.TrngtrunghcPhputin,vduynhttrongmt
thigiandi,ChasseloupLaubatSiGn,dnhringchocccontraicaccnhchctrchuchu.Nhngcngvicucchinangnrakhc
lituchu,sthiuhtnhnlcangngycnghinrarnt.Chthcdnnhnrancntuynmthmnhiungibnxcoto
tingPhpvongnhdnchnhnunhyvngtnti.NimhyvngylvictruynbnhngttngPhpgiangiVitsgnktngibn
avimuqucmtcchmtthithn.Tuynhin,ktquthttrtru:bngvicgiodcngiVitvnhngnguynlTyphng,baogm
15/138
8/6/2016
nhngltngtdovlchsnnCngha,nhngcuccicchgiodcgpphnkhidymtsihiquynhnhchnhtrtrakhng
thnodptt.
KhingChngcuicngquaytrliVitNamvonmhaimibntui,nhngnmthnghchnhtriTycangcnphuh.
ngcmtsuthcvicytrinvngtrongbmytphpthcdnPhpvcnhpquctchPhpvongy16thngChnnm1924,
khngymtthngsaukhicongithhaicangrai.8
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ngChngcbtmtcngvicmignthnhphCMau,gnmiccNamcatnc,cchHNiphnhoahinhiungncy
s.lmtchcvnibttrongchnhquynthcdnPhp.McdcthngchccnghalphixarinhngthvuitrnthThH
Ni,lntichcvcaonhthlmtthnhtunghnghipphithngivimtngiVitbna.
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ghnlmtcchtngtrnglmmnghnhphc.Nuvicgiablmtnhuivib,lmtcigikhnglngmy.9
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tonvchnhtrc.Khngchlmtnnhnvtbikchnthun,nngtngtrngchodntcVit,bktcnggiassuyioctrongcn
binngchnhtr.Mcdcuchuynchngtrmnmtui,nm1924,nmLXunchoi,Kiuctrangtrngvinhdanhlnhnvt
vnhaqucgia.Ngiphnnhlnnnhnchnhthctrthnhnhnvtcyuthchnht.10
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nghavlmvcamnh.dtkhotrrngvimny,bnginkmtchicgimgiagingngcahaivchng.Bcnglngi
giithiuvhaichochng,bnysinhchongthmbyngiconna.phngngivhaiginhlyqunhiuquynhnh,ba
vcvthbachong.Mimtngivvconcihcmtvtrnhtnhtrongthbctntigianh.Knngcab,vncha,thhintrong
vicchatngcaitrongshramtchngilnnhau.11
NginhcangbniLXunlniltngquanstnhngvaitrrircvmuthunnhaucanhngphnVitNam,cbitlthnh
vincatnglptinhanh.Ttnhin,cmtsnhnmnhrrngvnhngquytchnhxtheoKhnggio.Nhngbvvconducbnphn
travnglivphctng.Nhngngsaunhngcnhcangkncatanh,mtthctikhclnth.Nhngvnthct,nhngnschgia
16/138
8/6/2016
nh,cphmcchophn.Mtiucngmhiu,nukhngcbnti,lphnnmgithcquyntronggianh.Nugianhlmt
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kh.12
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ngihutronggianhhaymtnngdntrongvng.NinghingconmnhbnhtrogiyvbChngsutphnicnlicamnh.Hai
atrkiabitiunyvlidngntruchcngichemcachnglconcabbomu.VbChngdngiunhmtlc
tthathchomnhvkhngyucongigianhhaiatrkia.Khilnln,cginhthymnhnhth"vtnhcnhphinhivim
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nhthbsinhralmiu.Tuyvy,saukhinmtricucsngphthHNi,vittcnhngthvuiTyphng,stnhlngcamin
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himimrachongiitrongmtxhiquct.Vcamtnginnghinithnhth,ngoivicqunxuynnhcavcoiscvicgio
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cutrlicvlbnglng.Tuyvy,vonhnglcmsgiodccachngxungtvihthngtntigianh,nhiuthktruynthng
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17/138
8/6/2016
phmhnh:qunlvicthuchitronggianh,oantrangtaonh,lilmi,vhnhvioanchnh.Nhngltngvbnphntgianitrca
phncphtbiurrngtrongnhngvnphmtingVitkinhin,trongnhngstay"giodcgianhbngth".cvitctotheo
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tingivnralnhchoti,tingdy.Nhnglinnni,"ngdy".Trlmtitcin".16
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ngithatcagianh.Cgilngichupht.17
1 CAOM,HSTrnVnChng,HCRTnoncote,noticederenseignementsconcemantMaameTrnVnChng,thngT1951.
2 CAOM,HSTrnVnChng,HCRTnoncote,v,SouthVietnamKeyPersonalitiesNhngNhnVtChChtCaVitNamCnghaca
CIA.NationalIntelligenceSurvey1958(Chngkhngcghithnhmcring,nhngemtraicang,TrnVn,cuNgoitrngcachnh
quynngDim,cmiutinttius).
3 MtschoicabNhutrchtquynhikkhngccngbcab,LeCaillouBlanc,2:39.
4 NeilJamieson,UnderstandingVietnam(Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1993),18.
5 CAOM,HSTrnVnChng,HCRTnoncote.
7 HTiHuTm,RadicalismandtheOriginsoftheVietnameseRevolutionThuytcptinvNgungccaCchmngVitNam(Cambridge,
MA:HarvardUniversityPress,1992),32.
9 MadameNhu,CaillouBlanc,2:13.
10 ThngtinvTruynKiulytRadicaiismcaHTiHuTm,109111.Nm1924,stranhlunvKiunra.Bithnyphichnglni
vstnticangiVitNamthngquangnngvvnha?Hay,nhcnhnqualngknhcaxhithcdnngthi,phichng
Kiuchlmtbiutngcascngtcvphnbicatnglptinhanh?
11 MadamNhu,CaillouBlanc,2:49.
12 Jamieson,UnderstandingVietnam,27.
13 MadamNhu,CaillouBlanc,2:13.
14 BtchpstranhlunvvictpqunKhnggionsutrongisngtruynthngVitNamthno,cchcginichungngrng
huhtngiVitchctrongnauthkhaiminhnnhnrngdisntruynthngcahmangmntNhogio.XemJamieson,
UnderstandingVietnam,10,11AlexanderWoodside,VietnamandtheChineseModel:AComparativeStudyofVietnameseandchineseCivil
GovernmentinthefirstHalfoftheNineteenthCentury(Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityAsiaCenter:1988),6096.Ticaoimcuckhng
hongPhtgionm1963,Chngvntiptccngkhaiququytrng"tngio"canglNhogio.
15 HTiHuTm,Radicaism,93.
16 BNhukcuchuyncamnhvikgiMalcolmBrownecaAssociatedPresstrongmtcucphngvnnm1961.
17 MadameNhu,CaillouBlanc,2:1415.
Chng4
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21/138
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VothiimngNhuvLXungpnhaulnutin,nhngngianhtronggianhhNgxclpnhngsnghiplilc.Ngianhc
bygianglmthngctnh.NgianhthhaiangtrnbcngtrthnhmttrongnhngvgimmcCnggioutinVitNam.
Ngianhthba,thnhvintrctipgpbntayvovicnhonntnglaidntc,lTngthngtnglaicaminNamVitNam,ngNgnh
Dim.
TrongnhngcucphngvnvsauvicckgiTyphng,bNhuthngthnthanhnrngcuchnnhncabvingNhulvnthc
t,khngphichuynyunglngmn."Tichatngcmttnhyungtngo".BthnhnviCharlieMohrcatpchTime."Tic
nhngthtrongschv,nhngtikhngtinchngthtstnti.Hayclchvimtsrttngimthi".12
NhngcgitrLXunlmtdinvincti,vcbitnhnramtvaidinphhp.
Nm1940,ngaytrckhigpngNhu,nhngnsinhtrngmabalMadameParmentierangchunbdinvBchTuyt.Nhngnsinhngi
PhpvVitkhctchingvaimphthygmghic,nhngLXunnhnthytimnngtrongvaidinny.Chnkhngbaogiccho
ngBchTuytvaisvotaymtcgiPhpdatrng.Songcvncthtasngtrnsnkhubngmtvaidinccxutsc.
LXunnhnthyngNhunhmtchi.Btlunvtnhyu,thamvng,hayllidnglnnhau,LXunvngNhunhckhnglu
saubuigpgtrongvn.Hnhhntrongbanm,mttruynthngcangiVit,mcdvickhngphitheocachamLXun.
Nhngtrongqungthigiany,t1940n1943,cithgiimLXunhngbithontonthayi.
Thchinthhainrauchu.SbitrncancPhpgnnhctphngngDngkhimuquc.ChnhquynVichyPhpcho
phpNhtBnchuynqunnminNamTrungQucthngquaBcVit,xydngnhngsnbay,trngthulngthc,vng6.000qunBc
K.
NhngnhngoigiaoNht,ngithngngn,nhngchuynvintnhbo,vdoanhnhnngiNhtchimginhngvtrdanhdtrongnhng
cuchpxalngchiuthBatinhngChng,vnhngtaythcdnPhpngDngrtlylmkhchuviuny.Hnginlkhng
th,hockhngchutinrngsuhngcahuchulmphnghinquyncaitrcahngDng.Vvytrongmtthigian,
ngiPhpgngscnukocucsngthngngycamnh,gilinhngngihu,nmctrangtrngtrongbaticti,vttpticcqun
cphtnguvnhngchuyndungoncuitunvminbinhocngithngticccucuanga.NgiPhpcthtraochngtti
snthucacahngDngchongiNht,nhngtrongnmnmtiptheo,hstmmicchgithdinchomnh.LcPhpvn
tiptcphtphi.Nhngtimbnh,bctmt20.000tnlamnhpkhuhngnm,vngnggngdnglnmtotngcuicng,nhi
bnhmtbpvgo.ngDnglkhuvcngNamduynhtdiskimsotcaNhtBnchophpnhngngithcdndatrnglu
li.
25/138
8/6/2016
Nm1942,phiulngthcccpchonhngngiuchucungcpgo,mui,ng,dun,xphng,dim,thucl"tt",vnhin
liuchoh.NgiPhpvncthinvvinhngthnhthtvsac,hcutincungcptrcnht.Ttcnhngiunycbinh
trongtduythithcdnbiquannimrngngiAnNamquenvichnungniu,trongkhingiuchusngbnhvikhu
phnnkmadng.
McdgianhngChngthtrakhngphichukh,hbtcinhngthhnghaxaxmhquendng.NhngnhngChngl
bcthyvnhngthonchnhtrvhxoayxkhtttratrongmtthigian.SthmnhpcangiNhtvochtrndanhnghaca
Phptonnmttnhtrngchnhtrkhriren.Ailkangnmquyn,ngiphngTyhayngichu?Aiscmthnghnvinhng
nguynvngdntcchnghacangiVit?GianhngChngcgngvunpnhngtnhbnquantrngvichaipha,nhngrtcuch
chnchiassphnvingiNhtdingnc"Tnhhuynhdavng".NgiNhtkhuynkhchngiVitNamtcoimnhnhmtphn
caKhithnhvngchungchuclnhobiNhtBn,ttnhin.trangiNhtkhngququytsuvitdatrnmudacah.
McaLXunngknhngkhahctingNht,vtnhyucabviYokoyama,phivincahongxmttrimcHNi,sm
ctngthng.Nm1945,tnhnhnYokoyamacabcbnhimlmcngsAnNam,vTrnVnChng,chngb,cbtvoni
ccchnhphbnhncaNhtBn.
26/138
8/6/2016
27/138
8/6/2016
1943TrnLXun,19tui,trongtrangcdutiHNi
LXunvNgnhNhukthntrongtunutincathngNm,1943tithnhngSaintJosephHNi,haynhcchgicadnHNi,
NhThLn.llnthhaiLXuntchnvogiongmangphongcchtngtchcaochtvtny.Lnulvongytrclm
lciosangCnggio.Cmangtttaydivmtchickhnchongngtenqunquanhmitcenvchydixungivai.Lituynxng
ctin,mLXuncto,khngnhnimtinmicacvoThinCha,ChaGisu,Chathnhthn,vgiohicngttcnhngphpbtch
can.VlinhmcvacnhndanhCha,vCon,vThnhthnvarincthnhlntrnLXunbaln,sauymitilicacc
rasch.TipLXuncttnthnh.NgitachntnLucy,theotnthnhLucia,thnhbnmnhcangim.LmtngiCc
gianhngkngoigio,Lucychngimnhngtrinhvtchcmmtthayvlymtkngoigio.NtpnhtcaLXun,imtlong
lanhcac,mtotrongsutbuil,mtthithntrngmimivinhngcmgicmcphidchnghuhtthigiantnhadmdc,
stmnvkiucng.
Mtthigiantrclcivsaunhngcnhcangkn,gianhchrtrmtmntinthchci,cahimn,chogianhLXun.Theo
truynthng,stinnylbpchosmtmtcagianhsaukhicduxutgi.VicnhChnglmtgianhgiucthnhthkhng
lmthayiphongtcny.NhhNgcthtrhontonbngtinhocbngnhngvtdngthitthc:quno,trangsc,tht,vtr.Stin
himndnhchoLXuncquytnhbivthgianhc,vnhsthayilngtrungthnhcamnh,vthcagianhngChngqu
thcvnrtttpgiamtHNibNhtBnchimng.
Khu vn nh ng Chng bin thnh mt c o vng gi dnh cho bui tip khch sau l ci. Khng kh bui u thng Nm thm ngt vi
nhngbnghoahutynrvhoainngnn.Nhngphndinqunolavmphmccphnch.Mtsngicthlittrong
khonhngbtrangphccgignklngtthicanhngbaticthnhthi,trckhicnlcchintranhpn.Skhcnvnrrngl
hngluthu:nhngphnbitchnnngkhnkhochngdinnhngmtminht.
TnhcnhthiuthncathichintuyvyvnkhngcttnguncungcprusmbanhPhpcagianhngChng.Nchytrnvonhng
chiclycchnkulanhcanhcanhngthckhch,l,nhbNhubngkhungnhli,"ttcHNi"tclttcnhngnhnvtquantrng
HNivy.
Ttcmicpmtuhngvcdumitmtuikhicbcvokhuvn.TrongbcnhcitrangtrngcaLXun,chpvongyci
cac,ntmtcbnhtnhvnghimtrang.Haibntaycanliphatrcnhngbchekhutkhingknhcamerabinhngngtayorng
cachicocitruynthng.PhnrngcachicolacthunhngkttingHoavhnhphclaivlmchmnhngbnghoa
nhiuhatitthanht.Nhngdibngvngvnggivngquanhcvhaingtayo,mtphongcchphhpvicongicamtcngcha
hongtc.Mttritimlnbngngcbchrngrtrnchicvngccacikhuyntaihoahngbngkimcngtrangnhtuytvi.Chickhn
ngmuenxpnptrntrn.Mitcchngigiavqunthnhlnquanhu.Mtlonglanhvinphnvimykthtk.imilmvt
son,vmnhphnhng.Ctrngnhmtbpbssrnvngaykhinhbonnci,nhngmtmithnggiabnvngnhthnyl
mtvnhtrng.LXunsmvaitrcamnhmtcchkhngthchtrch.Tytri,cslbNhu.
2 CrosbieGarstintrongMarkSidel,OldHanoi(Oxrd:OxrdUniversityPress,1998),22.
28/138
8/6/2016
3 NicolaCooper,FranceinIndochina:ColonialEncountersPhpngDng:Nhngcucchmtrnthuca(Oxord,UK:BergPublishers,
2001),43.
4 TrnTBnh,TheRedEarth:AVietnameseMemorofLifeonaCoonialRubberPlantationt:HikcamtngiVitvcucsngtrn
nincaosuthcdn(Athens:OhioUniversityPress,1985),30.
5 Cooper,PranceinIndochina,150.CmtsphnbitgiavtrcaocangingDngsovingiPhidaentrnthangthbcchngtc.
Songgiacclnhththcdncngcmtsxanhacchbit.Ccchuyngiaytnghincuvnhngtcngcashanhpchngtc
rtranhngsosnhgiadnngDngvdnPhichu,ngmtsthiumuscringgianhngcdnkhngdatrng."quc
Phpxanhamicdnbnatrongmtvnglykhngthphnbitcabnhttvdbn"(Cooper,FranceinIndochina,152).
6 Cooper,FranceinIndochina,9394.
7 HTiHuTm,Radicalism,30.
9 CAOMHautCommissariatIndo,carton375,SurveillanceofNippoIndochineseRelationsbytheSuret,CAOMIndoRstnf.6965.
10 SHATArchives10H80,NoteduGnralAymsurlesvnementsdontilattmoinenIndochinedu10marsau1octobre1945.
11 EdwardMiller,Misalliance:NgoDinhDiem,theUnitedStates,andtheFateofSouthVietnamCuchnnhnkhngtngxng:NgnhDim,
HoaK,vSphncaNamVitNam(Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress,2013),42.
12 "QueenBee",Time,9thng8,1963.
Chng5
CINTHOINGDI
Nhiuthngtriqua.TigichobNhunhngbcthnhnhnhn,tgiithiubnthnvchobbitvlailchcati."Timunnichuyn
vib",tivit.Tmtrtikhuytungmtdanhschbttnnhngldogiithchvsaobkhngtrliti.LubNhukhngthythoimi
vischnhtitngthsao?ThmchcthbcnkhngbitmnhlRngCina.
Timmnghnhdungvcuctrchuynutincachngti.TithymnhangbaytiPhp,ngitrnchicivngbcnhungcab,tn
chuynquamttchtrbngsvnhngchickobchngtngo...nhngcnglcticngphihuyngnhiunlchnbmritnimhy
vngcamnhvocngmtimxutphtnhvymingy.Tithtsnghmnhhnhdungramikchbnkhdvviclmthnovkhi
nobNhusquytnhlinhviti,nhngtisai.
MtbuisngthBycathngSunm2005,khichngtivnangngsay,mtducngmuhngrrt,khngthlmlnhinratrnque
th.Ticthai.lmtiugychongvngvvchngtitngcgngmicchccon.Nhngcuchnvibcsxtnghim
mu,lmsiumvnhiukinkhcuanlichnonngsvhichngbungtrnganang.Ngitanirngnukhngcscan
thipyhc,vicththaiivitignnhlkhngth.yvym,tiangng,nhnchngchcvochicquettrongcschonton,th
chunginthoinhbpreovang.
"Bonjour",mtginggybirivanglntrongngnghe."CDemery?"
Tihunhkhngkpkimmtting"oui".Gilmsaomnutlichoc.Timtinhychmtronglngngc.Lnolngimtinghhay
sao?Nukhngthcnaina?Tilptcthicphimnhangmchng.
29/138
8/6/2016
"XinhicphibNhuykhng?"Lmblnhlngxacchlcnythtchngcnghag.RngCianggiin.Vtithangmangthai.
Vng,lbNhu.Nhngmtlmtlcnhngcuhixixpnti,chngngaylptckotirakhitrngthimmngsungsng.
"Ccphilnhnvinchnhphkhng?"
"Khng,khng",titrnanb.
"Ththchngc?Hoclchac,hayaitronggianhc?"
Tihavibrngkhngcbtkaitronggianhtitnglmvicchochnhphc.
"Ththcctnglmvicchocnhst,haycllNewYorkTimes?"
Cilichtvnnyngheranhlilinrcamtai,nhngtinghimtctrlimicuhi.Rtcuc,bNhutrahilng.
"Bon"bnirnhmch,"bquachuyni.Tt".
Saubaranhngquitccbn.BNhuslngigi.Bskhngchotisinthoi.Bskhngnichuynvibtkaikhcbtmy
bschmy.Vbstuytikhnglitinnhnnotrnmytrli.Tiddngngvimiiukin.
"Biensur.Ttnhin,thaB".
"Tisgilitrongbangy".
BNhuvtibtunichuynquainthoimtcchkhthngxuyn.TisbitngiginlbkhimcIDcangigihinch"Khng
linlcc".Bthnggivothiimgntravitivsmtivib,nuxtnbymigichnhlchgiachngti.Bcthbtu
bngmtmuchuynlchsVitNammbnghltibit.ikhibtlplichnhmnh.BklinhngtruynthuytVitNamaiaicngbit
vnhngnanhhngVitNamnhchemBTrnghocBTriunhuibnxmlcTrungHoa.Tikhchcrngchlmtlc.By
angkimtratmhiuvti.Nhngcuchuynsnhngchchonhngcuhivgianhti,tngioti,vhiubitvkinhthnhcati.
Khngccutrlinocaticvkhinbhontonhilng.
TihiurarngtthnnnchobNhuni.Bsluliluhntrninthoi,viuchchnsabquaytrvqukh.Ttic
thkhiranhngmnhchuynnhvthithucabvhibnhnggbcnnhvnhngthikkhcnhaumibtriqua.Nhngkhi
titmtcuhimbNhuthycvquthmd,blinchntili.cthlmtcuhiphphimvcucsngtrongcunginSiGn
chnghn,tinghenrngbcnhngcinhvsinhbngvng.Khitihibviu,bgitilatrngngn.Nutichiv
chnhtnhngnhsPhtgiovnhngsinhvinihctrongnhngcichungcpddynhcnh,bbotihythntrngvinhng
nguntincamnh.Nhngchthchnhtrcachb,bnivigingthtstcgin,bCngsnlabp.
TithlvibNhuvvicticthaisaukhihaivchngtithngbovigianhnhngtrckhichngtichiastinnyvinhiubnb
mnh.Mtcchgnnhlbnln,tikvibvstrnghpngkinhngcvvicbgitivongaysnghmvchuynmangthaivi
tikhkhnnmcno.
BNhungptrncmxc."Mais,c'estmerveilleux"Tuuyytvi!Bgnnhhtlnlitnthng."Thtlngnhtingh",bNhupng:"N
30/138
8/6/2016
xcnhniutihoinghi!"Tihingcnhintrcttctnhcmmbangthlvitilmtcchnilichcmngkl,nhngticn
cthnighnl,"Merci"?
Tnhththtlngtngvcnhnnakhnglusau.BNhuninhnglitiptheochmchmtronginthoi,nhthbangchiasmtb
mtviti.
"Clmtthinthn.Ccgingiptihonthnhhikcamnh.Vnhmichuynsctitl".
Tikhngngyth.TitipnhnnhnglibNhuvimtthirthoinghi.Tinophithinthnnhngcnhik?Cuicng,barali
havnhngchititcnhnnibgpgchnglnutin,mcidinrathno,vnhngtrchimbchiaviconmnh.Tihon
tonbdhocbinghny.NubthchnghrngticChagin,cthiuskhchlbcimhnviti.
Nhngquynhikthtltrungi,cbitkhi,nhbthoboti,chngs"soisngttcnhngbn".BNhulchngnhnsng
ngcavicnhonnlchsvnhngmutoanchnhtrnhngcpcaonht.Tihithchthvinghrngbngcchnotic
chn,nukhngbiCha,thbibNhuvy.
Tithuynhocmnh.TithtkhngsaophnnhcliuticthtsthchnichuynvibNhuhaychthchcinghsnichuynvi
b.Cmgicnychnginlhihpnhnhngonucamtchuyntnhlngmn.Blngidndt,vtiitheo.
Chng6
MCONCHYLON
TilthnhgihonhoivibNhu.Tihohccbchpnhn,titunthnhngquytccab,vtithngtinvonhnggbk
viti.Bynidilmgcch?Vstnhgikhtkhevtnhcchthitrcabkhinchottcmiiumrangtinhn.
"Tihycntrongnhngngythngngungvthc",bNhutrmngmvitivngiphntnglbvomtngythngMiHai,1946.
tuihaimihai,blmmkhivnlmtcdurttr.SaumciHNivonm1943,bNhutheochngvnhngthnhph
Hu.Truynctchkrngthnhphnymclntmthoasengiabn.LchsthayvvyghicngtrngsnglpnnkinhVitNamnm
1802chomttrongnhngttincabNhu,HongGiaLong.CchbinngminTrungtncbytrmcysvphatynam,thnhph
ltrungtmcatrtuvtinhthnVitNam.NgibitthhaitngnhngNhuthutmtthnhvinkhctronggianhnmlnglnggiakhu
hinicaHu.NnngmtgccacitngcmnhdanhlKhutamgic,mtcngngdncvkinhdoanhsmutcgitntheo
hnhthbtquycchcan,gipconknhmtmtvmtcnlilcngPhtLt.
Tnhngcasnhmnh,bNhucmttmnhnhonhovc.Vphabc,khungcnhbuisngthngMiHailnhlotrngnhmi
ngybtkkhc.Ngnctrnthpbayphtphi.Nhngbctngcangicthnhvnnglnglng.Chnkhuthncng,biutngsbo
vthnkcathnhphHu,hontonkhngchavouc.Nhnggitsngngtrnlpthplnhcachng.
NhngmtphanamcacuClmenceauthyntnhmtcchkl.Nhngngnhquanhcovnglng.Vothiimnycabuisng,lra
cmtnhpiurnrngunnhngchicxeyvngingiquali.KhngconthuynnolnhnhtrndngknhAnCu,khngcting
raocanhngngibnhngrong,vkhngclnkhitngnlanunngbpbngtrnnhngnginhgthpltchydinhtranh
giithnhph.Nhngcnhcasngknimmnhchchettcnhngngingsauchng.
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8/6/2016
Khuyamtrc,tingmmngxavangvngkhpthnhphtrongnhiungybinthnhnhngcnsnggminhtainhcclmlunglay
ddinhngknhcas.BNhukhibitrnghlmnglnhtnccaccquanchcthnhphbylu.Nhngvvicaiangnh
nhaungoinhngngphkia,"Onl'ignorait"khngaibitc.
NgiVitNamvnangchaoobittcnhngcscmtnchtriquatrongnmcuicngcaThchinthhai.Donhucuvlao
ngkhngththamnvsikhtvccngunnguynliuth,ngiNhtptchtrngthulngthcvicnggphaihoc
balnngiPhp,hyhoingunnhnlcvtinguynvngnngthn.Nhngnngdnspchtincvnlinghtging,cnghalhs
gieotrngththn.Snlnglasastdothititcbittit,vmttrnikhngkhippxungminBcVitNamnm1945.cc
vngth,ngitacthphnphinngthn,mingibctkhuphnvbmcchochti.Hnghnglplpnhngthymabititrn
voccthnhph.Trchtlnngllttheosauhlnhngphnqutqueo,nhngatrbngtovnhngngigiichnkhng
khiu.Nhngcnhngmhiquavnglnguhiu.Ngaycchimchccngkhngthsngstnniphhychuilngthcmicp.
Nhngkchtibiobvdbsungchtm.Hnc,lvthmchcvcycngkhngt.Mingy,hngtrmtthi,nhngngi
chtinmbnvng,cgomlitiuhy.Ccsgiactnhnnikhngkhipnycpitrnhaitriusinhmng.
NhngngiVitmbanubkhctbimilinhmtthitvingCngsnngDnggiycVitMinhliko.Khngcai
khcdlngiPhp,chnhquyn"clp"doNhtdngln,vttnhinkhngphilngiNhtlmbtkiuggimnhniaunv
thngkhvngnngthn.BNhuhunhkhngnhnraiutchicknmmcamnh.ChnhVitMinhlnhngngirasclm
khuykhacnikh.Mnglicahgipmingitmkimthcn,vnhnlccahgipnngdntrngtrtli.Hcngidnvng
nngthntontmtonitheovnhnghnhngcamnh.
LngtrungthnhcamingitrnncchsausbitrncaNhtBnvocuiThchinthhai,khiVitNambngnhinthymnhtrong
mttnhtrngtrngrngchnhtr.NgiPhpchornghcthquaylitichimthucavrnghscchonbngnhngvngtay
rngm,nhnghlm.NhiugianhtrckiadiskhngchcangiPhp,nhgianhngChng,cngtcvingiNht.H
khngmunthyngiPhpquaytrli.NgiNhttreolihatdotrcmth,vkhngcgngcnhinlhkhngmuntncny
binthnhmtthucaPhp.NhngnhngngigiucnhgianhngChngkhngthchciphngnthaythmVitMinhara.Nhng
chutranhgiaicpvphnphilitisncangiCngsnedassungtcvantoncah.LnhtcaVitMinh,cnglngisng
lpngCngsnngDng,cuicngbcrakhibngti.Vongy2thngChnnm1945,HChMinhtuynbnnclpcaVit
Nam.ngsnsngchinuvingiPhpvtnc,vbngnhingiaionhuchinngDngchuynbinthnhmtphenhn
lonchnhtr.Vicailnginmquynkhuvcnothayitngynyquangykhc,tnhnyquatnhkhc.Miutthctnhtvimtngi
bngquannhbNhulsngcn.
Vo bui sng thng Mi Hai lnh lo nm 1946 , b Nhu khng cn bit ai nh m vi ai na, nhng nhng ph n v tr con t tp trong
phngkhchcabngkhxanhngcnhcaschoanton.Hgmnmngicthy:BNhuvicongimisinh,LThy,mchng,
emchngb,vmtchugi.Chnhllicaemchngb,Hong,mhrtcuccnnnn.lnginhcac,mcdcsng,khng
myhnhphc,vichng,ngm,vgianhanhtabnkiathnhph.NginhlmtvtbohimiviHongtrongtrnghpcnhng
chuynbttrcxynchocuchnnhncac.Ckhngnhlngblimntisnduynhtcamnh.cthmthunhp,cchoanh
traivcdumicaanhthu,vvthcabNhutronggianh,vitcchngivvchdutrnhttmtgianhqutckhtaiting,
bucbchpnhnmisanbivgimmgiming.
BNhuttrchmnhngyth,iumbgil"gnnhnguxun".Btchpskinrngbhnvcngkhips,khibkchotinghev
iuquainthoihnsuminmsau,btraccktkhoandungvibnthnmnh.Tikinhngcbisscsogaygtlntrongging
nibkhinhngkcngyxatrlimtcchddi.
32/138
8/6/2016
ThayvntrnchcclinhmcDngTnphading,Hongthuytphcngimginuarngchoantonthngrakhinh.
NgiPhpcthtrngdngnnuhnghnbbhoang,vthmchcncthtaihihnnunrivotayngiCngsn.BNhu
khngthcilimchng,vvynhngngiphntranhthsgipcangilmvndnnhngcnngnhtvogiaphng
khchvchtngchngaginmli.Htriquamtmvinhngtingnmilcmingnnitrntmthicamnhhn,corcvo
nhauvcuxinntrnchocanton.Hvntmtmvonhau,thinnlmgvichnhmnhtrongcitnhlngbtchtcabuisng,khi
nhngnginngxngvophng.
HlnhngngilnhVitMinh.Khngcbiuhiunophnbith,nhngnhngmnhviaychpvthnhnhngbngphctitlvh.
Chnhkhngmanggngoinhngmucaosubuclithnhhnhdngchicxngan.Hmangdaoravsngtrng,cqualoatrangbli
tmtcucchinkhc.NhngngilnhthcdnPhpdngcngnhngvkhnychnglinhngchinbinhchanghchongibnx
thyailknmquyn.
VitMinhcnhncmtphongtrodntcchnghanthun,vbNhubitiu.LlclngqunscangCngsnngDng,cc
thnhvintinhnhnhngcuctngkhinghakhpminitrongcnc.ChngbNhutrntrnlunhbHongkhihntmng.
chthnbNhuramcavnidimtcchbnhtnhtrcmtnhngngilnh.Sau,bnthnbcnthykinhngcvikhnngphnhph
mtcchlnhlngnvy,bmivinthlnhvotrongichngb.ngNhuchunrangoitrongbngtivtrntrnhtronghuhtthi
giansau.VomttrongnhngcucvingthmvhimhoivbmtcangNhutrongnmtrc,congicah,LThy,thnhhnh.
Ngoinhngkhonhkhcthnmtviv,bNhukhnghhaybitchngangu.VothngMiHai,1946,bthmchcnkhngbitliu
ngcnsnghaycht.
Giybnhntmb.BNhucgibcthtanbinc.Lcongicnungchiucamtchnhquynbnhnthithcdn,l
cngchahongtcvlngivmithchchngdintronggiatchNgangngithltrongnginhlnbnbsngAnCu,bNhubit
rnglmravnhnnhngvsstlcchphngvttnhtchob.Bmchtabhnvginhmtnhnxung.
HtrngnhbnngitinsivibNhu.Bchvavnhiuiuhnivib,cnnhngghnivinhaubnhchuthua.Ciging
khngmsccanhngngibnhdnminTrungtiptclntrnhb,mcdbtngsngHubanm.Sovislnbngxungtrm
rrtphnbittngtcanhngngiccvngkhchaysovingiminBccgiodc,nhngtingoangoangkhngthngging,mca
nhngnginynhthngnngnihoangd.ConchcabNhurnmtcchtinghiptmtphngkhc.Quito,mtconchchncu
gingc,lconvttolnvtrungthnh.Saukhichngrailibmtmnh,conchgibantonkhimlnhTrungHoaQucdnng
ngtrongthnhphsauthngChnnm1945.Hbtngpvothnhphnhmtbychuchu. 1Khimtmhntptrongbnhquyt
nhtrchnnivnnhb,bNhu,ubp,vngiqungiacuihibngcchtoramtcucnongmvininiuchailkhua
longxongcngtinglaht.Nhnggnychnghnhcnhchhnophilchutng.HthyrngbNhuangmangthai,chngbu
khngaibit,vbnnghnhduynhtcabtrongnginhlnbnbsngnychchaingihugigi.iqunrchmptti,mtmi
bichintranhvikhtcin,smpvnhngtinnghigianh,btunghrnghsthoimihnbntrongnginh.BNhutrngcv
khyutangngmtmnhtikhungcas,angnmgimtcigngsaucibngtrncamnh,nhngbnghthylcig.B
angnmsidybuclngloquanhcmtconch.Bdngconchrtnguvihaihmrngnheravitaicprxungu.Liedac
ktqu,sauhbcyn,mtsmaymnmbkhngthkhngcmnconthyudu,haygmgcamnh.
Sngnay,nkhngcmtchinobovchcamnh.Bnhtconchmtphngkhcsutm.lmtsailmngungc.
lmtnhckhtaonhmbNhucarakhinh,cngvivimngiatruynbngsnmivbctgimbnhccchaDng
Tnctgitrongtuvincahphnghmtchuynnhthnyxyra.Nhngcynbktchtcaravo.Nhngngilnhvyquanhn,
33/138
8/6/2016
mitnhngbntaylnlpgbnglong,nhngkhngphivmtsngngmcbitno.Mhicahhnthnhmtnglnnhpnhp
hnhcuvng,bivcughtlmtryxclpsnph,vvicchmvonhngdyn,xtnskhkhngitngchochngminnhit
i,liltrongthichin,theolthnglmtsxcphmkhngthtxit.Nhngngntaychaisnangtmkimmtcigkhichngddm
dithngnvlclivotrong.Nhngngilnhangtmkimmtthitblinlcgiukn.Hdngnhnghrngcynpiano,vittc
nhngsidyn,lmtloimyinbono.
"Chngthmchkhngbitmtcygrandpianolg!"NhngthtrabNhukhngchngkinhnhithucnvohcn,vckhnngn
ntungvmtcigkhc.Bkhunggangcacyngrandpianocthbtnthngtrongnlcvivngdichuynn.Nubkhung
bnthocsuyyu,hngtnplcgicngnhngsidycthbgiiphngtrongmttingnghgm.Vnkhotmtllnxuynqua
mtchnhdinnginh.Clnhngngilnhbitchnhxccynpianolgngaytu,vvicchontungnthhinstrthcah
chossuyitsn.
Giangnt,bNhuthuvnnhnggcthchoembLThy:chnmnvtlt,qunothay,vmtgilnngttc.Sau,trc
khibprakhinh,bkpmcvomtchicochong,mtchicoranhgtlen,higingchicouinvnthtlichthtlngvinhng
chitlyvnpgp.Ntnglmtcachunguchu,mtsxahoakhngthtngtngtrongnhngnmsaucngcachintranhv
ikm.lchicomnhtmbc.KhhunhitibaophgctrinycavngngNamnmithngtrongnm,nhngthngMi
HaiminTrungVitNamcdbolmthpvlnhlonhngiukinschcngthmtitkhibixakhinh.
Bblarakhithnhphdibutrixmngtmunngsng,havodngngilltxungng,hngnvngniaxathnhph
Hu.Hhuhtlphn,trem,vngigi.Nhngchicgilclnhnhngvtnilnhbnhtrnbin,ungatrnvainhngphndng
ngnhtruynthng,chicsoditreothngbngmtchicgimiu.Hnhnhgislintngnngntdivhpcatnc.
Nhngchicgiymiungnhtngtrngchonhngvngchuthphnhiu,sngHngcaBcKphabcvsngMKngca
NamKphanam.Khuvcgia,chicngnhdicngrnlmxcdalngngichaquenvic,lvngyninonvkhcncimin
Trungtnc,vngmnhngklnhnngiynngnhclbcqua.
Nhngconngctngangquanhngcnhngngpltnhmtvtthnglisuhom.Chngngpngatstvhithimiphnnhng
contrungplntrongcccnhng.Conngtrnnqunguyhimngaykhinhngthpbtnghinratrongtmmt.QuniPhpxy
dngccthpcanhnydctheonhngconngnngthntheodingtnhcaqunVitMinh,vvytnhnphiibngquanhngcnh
ngla.Hdnthnhhngmttrnnhngconmnghp.trnhchoigiyduynhtblntrongbn,bNhuphiddmtngbcmt
cchkcng.Mttaybcongivtaycnlixchmemb,lcngvichtscnhcnhn.Bcrobctheocemchngva
chugimchngb,mngmanhyut,cngilmvncngtrnlngvhichnliphasau.Xungquanhh,nhngcyladpdnh
nhnhnglnsng.Mtidngmnhmngmungclcbobchnngbinhngtmbiacmthchmutrngnhngnmmc
xangnhmtlinhcnhlintcvcichtcthlnltukhngxa.
Htrungla,onngigmnhngphnvnhngngilnhcanhphiquaytrlingl.Hangtinvphacycuthmttingn
chtchaxtoangkhnggian."Nmxung!"Nhngngilnhspmtxungvng,sibntungtekhinhngngiphnnhanhchn
nhtlaoxungmtb.Skhclaotheo,nhngmiuchinhidit,haikhuutaypchtquanhtai,nhngchicgibchngchbn
ng.ConngdnnchiccutngttrngtrnngoitrbNhuvabbmtrongtay.
BNhubitrngnhngthithbphnhytridtvonhngchicccvtr.Bngnnhngchiccunhthnymtlntrckiav
nghengitamtcnhtngnymtcchrngrn.Tnibng,bdngnhcthngithymithira.BgitbiVitMinhhaycht
ktgiahailnngiaotranh,cgkhcnhauu?Nhngthithcanhngchinbinhngxungvnqunghohocquxanhcchn
34/138
8/6/2016
cttt.Nhngtthisngphngcanhngkbthnhvdanhangmcntvrhuytdchvochnhchncnngmngitaangkub
nnpvo.
BNhuchngthnonhcnhch.Thtlqukhngkhip.Tribtuma,nhngbngchnchngiaconngtvmabcht
hntrongtay.Bskhngnnpgianhngxcchtnhnhngngikhcbchchunmligiahkhibchcnlmttthimthi.l
lnutinbNhuchngkintrctipcihinthctnkhcphvyquhngbtrongvinmqua,cngnhngnmbsngnhmtc
dumi,mtngivvngimtr,cchbitnhngmutoanchnhtr.BdnvonginhxinhpcaHong.Bcnhngngihu,bao
gmmtubp,mtngilmvn,vmtvemchoab,chmlocngvicnitrthayb.Thigianrnhri,bNhuchintranh,mt
nhckhtaonhtngtnhnlutvy.BcngtnhngthvuicchiquanhthnhphbngchicxchlmbmangnHubng
tulasaungyci.BkhoekhoangrngnhngtinnghiminBcngthmmunnmingihaydnglivnhnmmkhihng
ngybiquadchaibnbsngAnCunntivimchng.Nhngbkhngbaogidmchcliucinhnchngchclvngngm
hayvmtcno.Giyttcnhngsxahoaquari.
Bygithb,angngtrongma,cichtrprnhtpha.lmtkhungcnhnhiumuscbinokhclit.Nubtrlitrnng
bngquacu,bthi,ailngisuitheob?Nhngngibtgibhaybtkknoangbnvoh?Bnghingvichcgan
d,hayngungcmohimkhng.BNhucmthytdo.Bmtmivivicbmvuvonhngkvngvngha.ivaibthtsnhc
nhivttcnhngbcilomkhomtignhncichmbnghmnhphiti.Bngthngdyvnhnvolnsngmphatrc.
Chuyngsntiptheobkhngbit,nhngbsnhntrcdinvon,vbsmraconngchomnh.BNhutinrngtrongkhonhkhc
,giacnma,vyquanhbicnhtnphiulinhnhngklthaykhngngchmgnb,bbtuhiuranhiuiu.Bskhnggim
chnvorcrivmcntbsgivngvtrcamnhtrnmttcao.
BNhuvnvtochongln.Ndichephuab,lmthnhmttmchnbovkhimnmaangrinnghtvlnhgi.L
Thynghlmtcucchitrntmvlmtrangoi,thchthcircrch.KhibNhucchelivto,abchcngcinhiuhnna.
NhngtingcivuithotratnpgpbnglencaokhocbNhu.mthanhcashnhoanvanglntrnchinakhingimvcongi
btuvtquanhngthanhrmglunglaycachiccu.
hnlmthnhnhdthng,songbNhukhngphilngiutinbngquavngchinavimtembtrongtay.NgiVitNamcc
mtkhotnghuynskvnhngngimcaoquvanhhng.NgitakrngmttrongnhngvvuahuynthoicaVitNam,LLi,
cgiutrongvtocamngvnhthotkhibntaycanhngkxmlcnhMinh.Thnthoivngimgnlinvicuchuyn
sngtocadntcVit,tnhthngvlngtntycangimccngnhnlnhngntphmhnhphithngcaccnnhnvtVit
Nam.NgiCngsnthnrtthnhcngtrongviccktshysinhcangimvlngyuncvocuctuyntruyncchmngcah,
nhngbNhucngcgng,trongsutnhngnmtrnghquynlc,sdngthinchclmmnhmthnhnhvsoc.Vvy,ti
phithi,phichngscoitrnghnhtngQucMucangiVit,tcngncchnhncabNhuvbnthnmnhtrongcuchuyn?
Dsaoina,lngtinvoskhngthbnhbicabtrthnhhinthc.Vicbngquacumtcchtotngiatngnimtincab
rngbssngstquaththchnyvbtkththchnokhccthn.
BNhugplinhmngibnkiacu.angkhinhngphnkhcchchokhilatani,sautheobcnhngngilnhbngcchlixui
dngphaxahnvtsng,bNhucthiginghngitrckhitiptccuchnhqun.Clbkhngnghtivicchytrnvchng
cninomi.Nhngcnhngphsangpncnhngchchoahnhlnnhn.Vokhong5gichiu,nhngngilnhralnh
chodngngigmnhngphnvtremlongchongdngli.Bngticuicngbavyqudyccthlenliquanhnglii
quanhcormrpcyci.Khngcmtninnunongoitrnhngcnhcyllngtrnu.Mingicphtchomtnmcmkhngui
35/138
8/6/2016
ngt,khnghnmtnmtay.lmtngydikhngthtngtng.Nuhitheongchnh,bNhuchcchnrnghcthny
trongphnnathigian.Nhnghilcvomtthgiimi.BNhubngtnhdychngkinsktthccacilisngduynhtb
tngbitvlbcnngnhcquabngtikhngcngchlclngchivigiamtnixal.
Vym,ngaym,bNhucmthytinhthnphnchntrli.Nhngtnhnclnhtthuxpthnhmthngngayngnhcm
theoungi,vcuicngcphpnmxung.ChicokhocbNhuangmanglvtduynhtngncchgiabvmttmt,lnh
lo.Bgngxoayxnmccth.Bcltringangnra,cuntrnchaimconvochiudichicolen.Hcthivomtgic
ngkhngyn.
Miviccvttlnvobuisng.Banngytrikhngqumt.Cichtdchukhibitrngcuchnhqunsktthctrckhingytn.
onhnhqunnmtnginhnngdnkhimtnvobuichiu.BNhuchnmtmnhttrngrauvmtkhuvncchmsc
chuo.MtthlnhVitMinhxuthin,nvnlchs,theophongcchTyphng,chicolenththaoqunquanhvai.TnngtalBy,t
tingVitchsby.ChuynkhngcglkhinhngigianhVitNamthnghayttncontheothtchoicah.Mttrongnhngiu
utinngtalmltmkimcdutrntHugianhngtnhnmin.Chthnylslngmkhngnhivinhngphnlntui
hnicngvibNhu:ngtanntmmchnghocemchngbtrchtmiphi.Thayvvy,bNhunhli,ngtacichovcamoanvi
brngngslmmiiucthhcmtchtt.
BHong,emchngbNhu,lmgvisviphmphpxgiao?Phichngbnghvnhngtinnbnghethy?Nhngmiquanh
btchnhcambNhu,vncthutlimtcchquirrngtrongccbcinngoigiaocaPhp,thnckhoclnnhngtnh
tittctudmtrongnhngchuynngilimchbnkhaytrhocqucau.
Trongmthikcvitnhiuthpksau,mtngibncagianhtiukhincgibngmtonithoigiagianhhNglgii
chosxungtniblinquannvicchnvcangNhu.
Vnchacagianh,bKh,cnhbocontraibngmtcutcngcxa:Muaheochnni,xemgichndng.
"Tellemere,tellefille"(tingPhp:Mno,conny)Cn,emtraing,ni:"Ctarisgingnhmcamnhmthi".
NuHongtngchtchamihoinghinovbNhu,thncchngthckhingBythlnhVitMinhchobytrchtvkhib
Hongchngkinvduyndngphngtngmchdubsdngemvnhngkhuphnhuhnhhnchonhmcah.Tuynhin,milo
ucabHongdubt,khibnhnthycnphngcdnhchoh.Cmtciginglnchonmngiphnnmchung.BNhuts
khngthddnglnrangoi.
KhinichuynvngBy,bNhudngtlngtingPhpchngiCngsn,ginglmtcoco.Tmingblinghecvgnnhmp,v
bNhutrumnnhvngBynhmttrongstnhngngiCngsnlchsnhtbtnggp.nggnghtsclmchonhngkbgiam
cmbNhu,congib,vnhngthnquynbnchngbcmthythoimi,bngnhngphngtinssicc.Nhngngiphn
nhncbabtcmmingyvchttquvt,khngknhngkhingBychiuimncmivsa.Nmngihlulinngtri,chias
mtcnphngvmtchicging,tronggnbathng.KhinhngqubomPhpbturiqugnnngtri,vngkhngcncthboman
tonchoh,ngBythuxpvicphngthchbNhucnggiaquynkhichthnkgiythnghnhchophphdichuynantonnmtnh
tukn.Vnhiunmsau,khingBytrthnhnhnvtCngsncaocpnhtvngTrungK,ngvngicchninnglvkhngqunhi
thmsckhebNhukhinhngcucmphnangtipxcvibtkaitrongchhNg.
36/138
8/6/2016
NlcthutlinhngbinccartnhiunmvtrclmbNhucmthymimt.ncuicuchuyn,ticthnghethysgngsc
tronggingnicab,theocicchmnhngcucuivtquangnghenhnhngthntrekhkhc.Nhngtichahontonsnsngkhpli
cucnichuyn.Timungilikhonhkhcny,vtmtrngsnsnggiibytms,luhnmtchtnucth.Tiaramtvinhnxtv
v.Giytikhngnhnlgvltiqubntheodicuchuynvnguchngocghichpnhngtnhtitchatngcmbvakchoti.
TihyvngvmtcnhncrescendotheophongcchCunTheoChiuGitduchmhtchocuchuyngingnhkhiScarlettvyv
nmt,dnmtaylntri,vthskhngbaogiphichuina.BNhunhctinhnhiuvScarlettO'Hara:Chaicdyphi
chiuchungnng,phitrngduyndng,vcxdungt,vchaiucmttinhthnbtkhut.Hunngnyvngngnh.Huc
mttritimcngrnngsaulpvduyndng.Nhngphnnhthcthtynghibtttvmhoccamnh.Hlmnhngghcm
thyphilmvtquanhngcnbcchcthququytvhpdntythi.
Nhngthayvchthvimttnhnghayhonh"Ngymailmtngykhc"bNhutrliviphongcchcclctiubiucab.Cuicuc
inthoi,tichcthmthmlcukhibchunbnilitmbit.
"Bon.Alors.C'esttout".Tt.Thino.Ttclth.Vngaytrckhigcmy,bNhuni,"Tikhngbaogimcmtciochongthtylng
ongkiunhthna".
1 SauThchinthhai,HipcPotsdamtnhngngilnhgngihabnhTrungHoatrnlnhthVitNam.VickhngchophpPhpti
chimngDnglmtcchnhngbthgiiquancaMvchngtsthiukinnhncaTrungQucvichnghathcdn.Ngi
TrungQuctipquntivtuynmisunhngkhngliVitNamluhcnbnbuvicucchintranhcamnh.Vvyhkmttha
thunviPhpchophpPhpquaytrlicuthuca,ilyvicPhptbnhngkhunhngaTrungHoa.
Chng7
MTNINLNHTRNNI
"BTommycactrngrthnhphcvkhemnh",bNhuthmthtronginthoi.Bgiinchcmngtisaukhinhnmtbcththng
bo"lcontrai".ChngtibotinchoccbnbthnthitvgianhvvophtcuicngtigimtlthnParis.Trongctm
hnhbTommynhtrntmbuthipdy.Bbnhlunngaylptcvmucatmthipvtuynbtnglaicaatr"rttrinvng".
Gingnicabvitithayi.Nnhnhnghn,vtcaohn.Nhngsngtqungtngtvlngtngtrongnhngcucgiutingia
chngtiduxungthnhmtcungcchthngmhn.
Chngtinivschoi,gigicingvchonv,trongskinhngccati,chuynnuiconbngsam.BNhukhngchclcvim
ny.Tnhnggtihiu,huhtphnVitNamthucmttnglpnhtnhtrongthiibsdngnhngbomuvticthhiuv
sao.Trongmtvitunutinchmchtab,tilunnbnxunhxongvlithilchthch,mtnguynnhnvhuqucavicchocon
b.Ticnhngchicymchobb,aiubvloiochong.NhngchicoditrongtqunocabNhumaytlavcmthngnt
mcgi,khinvicchoconbtrnnvcngbttin.Chcnmttnctiuhayphnrtricaablshyhoinmimi.yvym,b
khoe,"Tichomiabtnhtsuthng".ThtkhmhnhdungcnhRngCivimtbssinhbnbungccab,nichinbnlnnh
vy.Gingtinghehncvngcnhinvlbhimmcikhithnhnrngthtrakhngphilcabmlcachngvgianhngy.
Nhngtrongttcnhngln,bNhuni,tiucmthyhnhphc.Giattcnhnghitngyltingthdicabtrongngnghe,"Ti
37/138
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rtyunhngatr".
LThychoivounm1946giacucnolonthikhuchin.Cnhhnnybngnthnhcucchintranhkhclitvothiim
bNhusinhhaicontraitiptheo,NgnhTrcnm1949vNgnhQunhnm1952.BNhutrthnhmngaykhithgiibbitblt
nhovxotrnddi.
NhngtrathbNhuvchngctihp.Trongkhiv,congi,m,vemgiangblarakhiHubngnhngchiclil,ngNhuang
hotngtrongbngti,thitlpmtmnglinhngnhnvtchnhtrphiCngsnkhc.Mcdthntrng,ngcuicngkhidysnghi
ngcaVitMinhHNi,vngNhunthnPhtDim,mtthtrnThinChagiothuctnhNinhBnh.
ngNhutnhcgplichamvPhtDim.ngbChngtmkimnitrthnmtcuctrnchykchtnhinhnhkhihva
kpnmmnhlnnhngbctamcpnhthCnggiovinhngbinhlnhVitMinhchsaulngcchmybcchn.VlinhmcnhthPht
DimchpnhnchochambNhunngnutrongnhthcang,btchpvichlnhngPhtt.
TPhtDim,mtmnglinhngtnCnggiotochongNhu,vcuicnglngChng,mthnhlangantonnSiGnkhing
Chngngytrangthnhmtnhsvvngnmcnhmtphnnhqu.1
BNhunhchgimnhtiSiGnkhinhncmtbcinkhntlinhmcDngChaCuthkumauchngnnhngilinhmc.
ThayvnhnctindbvnsrngngNhucthchtbcanmtcnphngnicmtvkhchangib:chngb.S
sumhpvichamsnsaubygi,ngbNhuphitmngrakhiSiGn.NgiPhpngvcnhnghnhngcangNhu,v
scngtcvingiNhtvothichincangChngphmtmnmyenlncgianh.2
ngbNhudnlnLt,mtbitthpnhtranhnumnhgiangnthngvnhngngnnivngcaonguyntrungphnVitNam.V
mckchintranh,bNhuginhngnmthngl"qungthigianhnhphcnht"ib.
Ltcdnglnthkhngcbitchomcchhnglc.NgiPhpquytnhtuthkhaimilxymtthnhphngh
mttrnvngninhmtnitrntrnhcinngvsdbncanhngthnhph.Ncxydngmtcchrtclp,iumccnhsng
lptinlslmchotringhimLtcngthmthchth.NgiPhptoramtaimgiphqunhontonhangngDng
mt"hnodatrng"vngnhiti. 3Hxydngnhngnginhnhnhngbitthnghtrttuyt,vgatulatrngnhmtsnga
Deauville,mtthnhphvenbinNormandie.Htrngnhngcychoccloithcphmmhthiu.nhmnaynhngngichLtcy
ccthnhphnnumnxpngkiuPhp:tity,cnty,crt,hnh,rauxanh,vkhoaity.
GianhbNhunviLt"mimi".HyunvcngnhngldomngiPhpyu.Nnnghlntrnshntpbnticaloi
ngitrongnhngthnhphqungcvnngbc.cnhngkhchsnpkl,nhngsngn,vnhngnhhngPhpvTrungHoa.
cngcnhnghpm,nhhtvnhcjazz.AnhhcabNhu,hongBoi,cmtcunginLt,gingnhcaquanton
quynPhp.
LtvnnidanhvsthnhnvxahoagiynlimntrngmtchonhngcpvchngVitmici.LtgitinhnThc
Niagaravihitnhnnngvthtnhiuqunkaraoke.Nhngtritimhngvhoahngintrngiynncdnkhpnictrongnhng
cukhuhiungphiintrnbngrnvngchetreokhpccngngchnh.NhngngnnNolthpsngquanhnmlunglinhtrnnhng
cnhcy.Nhngchicthuynpnchnhthinngachothudcbh.Chngkhuytungmthnhntophnglnggiatrungtmthnhph,
lmchoncngucvsngsnh.Nidanhvingnhoa,cmgicthnhphnygingnhmtgianhngValentineticahngCVSvogia
38/138
8/6/2016
thngHai.Svivquyhochvqunlngnhcngnghipdulchlngmnylinhunnycanhncgingnnngnvovpt
nhincaLt.
KhingbNhunvomaxunnm1947,LtkhngcngingnhtrongkcthitrcabNhu.Nhnglmrngnhitichimch
nhngtrngclncathnhph.CucsuythoitonthgiilannVitNamvounhngnm1930ctxnngkngnschdulch.n
thiimchincucnrauchunm1939,Ltbbmckhngaingngngti.Nhngsntennisxcxvphycdi.Nhngsng
bcngnghotng.Nhnghpmvrpxinbngca,vnhngliidcbhvnglnguhiu.Trongsutchintranh,ngiNhtb
rpvgiamcmbtkaicli.KhchsnPalacekhngmtbngdukhchcuthanggchonhtrngngynosp,vkhngcai
sasang.Lnlivmorngxmlnvoranhgiithnhph.
ngbNhutrongmtnginhmntis10ngHoaHng(ruedesRoses).NthucvmtbcsbncachabNhu,vmcdkhng
phimtbitthln,chambNhun,vcanhtraingNhu,NgnhDim.4NhvnPhpvitvvngVinngLucienBodardniy
lmtni"phtrnglelot"bNhuchnirng"Bnskhngmunbngquavnvobpsaukhitritivbnskhngmunmsm
vomtconcp".5Nhngnhngshysinhliuduynhtmchimtcucchinangtign.
MtcucchinmiscmnhdanhlChintranhngDnglnthnht,nhnghitrckhingitabitsccucchinthhai,nmang
nhngcitnkhc.VingiVitNam,lKhngchinchngPhpvingiPhplGuerred'IndochineChintranhngDngdlg
ina,nbtungaykhiThchinthhaichnhthctriqua.CucchinuchulimtncPhptanhoangnnkinhtsp,cng
nhcshtngvnhngnguntinguynthinnhincaVitNamtrnnlplnhnhnhvng.ChngtngbngiPhpchimmtln
nacsaokhngc?VictithucahaVitNamsxcnhnlinhngnimthcdnxacvsuvitcaPhpquc.lmts
nghipmcqucgiacthtphplikhngbaogimxannhnggbnthnngiVitmongmun.
NgiPhplaobtrcdinvoVitMinh.Phpcmtqunihinivnhngvkhtitn,cngnhstitrlnhnbaogihtcaM.
VitMinhdavotikholocacctnbinh,nhngchinthutdukchbtng,vquyttmhontoncanhngngintcclngmc,
rungnng,vthnhphcmthyquviscaitrngoibang.Chincucdinraclittrongtmnm.Ccctnhckhcnhau,nhng
nhngsgiaclngsthngvongbnphaVitMinhvokhongt250.000n500.000ngi.PhaPhpthithihn75.000ngihns
thngvongcaHoaKtrongcucchintiptheotrntVitNam.
Trnnhquytnhcacucchintranhdinravongy7thngNm,1954,trongmtthunglngxavphatybccaVitNam,gilinBin
Ph.QunPhpbpo.VitMinhbaovychbngtrngphovquns.NgiPhpmthtchchinu.Saumttrmnm,
hcuicngkhngivnh.lbihcutinchothymtnlcptscaitrngoibangludilnVitNamlvchthno.Gim
ngiMbitchhn.
TuynukhclitcacucchinrtxaninctrnnicagianhbNhu.BNhuginluneguerrebizardouille,mtcucchinnhk
l.BmiutcucsngcabLtlantonvnginvhontonvngbngchnhtr.BNhuchmnommtgianhngycngmrng,
sinhnhngemb,qunxuynnhngvicvtvnhtrongnh,vnun.Cngngiphnlnlnvihaimingihupxepich
hngngyvacongintrng.ngNhuchngbangsaysavithnuiphonglan.6
NhngkhngcgLtlhontongingvicidngnhln.Ngaychnhtinvninynhmthnochosnghngivyntnh
lnhmnhcangidatrnglmtiuiditr.Vmtiu,sphncankhngbaogicchlykhingiVitc.Ninycxytrn
mhivxngmucalaongkhsai.Btchpngunvnnhnlcvtnvtnngvosxahoa,ccnhsnglpthcdncnkittin
bc.Tr tru thay, khu ngh mt c xy dng nh mt ni trn lnh c li cho sc khe ca mi ngi li l mt ci pht sinh mui st rt do
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8/6/2016
nhngcihnhnto.Ltcngkhngphilninnummkhichintranh.Ntrthnhibndoanhtrnthctcanhngtham
vngchnhtrvqunscaPhpngDng.Hnna,ngNhukhnghontonsaysavihoalannhngtra.ngangpmtcig
nguyhimhnnhiu.
TrongsutnhngnmLt,t1947n1954,NgnhNhugieotrngnhnghtmmcamtngphichnhtr,ngmnggilCn
lao(ngCnlaoNhnvPersonalistLaborParty).Ntuynmnhngthnhvinvomtmnglinhngchibtrongmingikhngbit
nhiuhnmtvingchtronghi.Ttcnhngvnngngmngmsinhhoaktqu,toramtbmychnhtrvimingnthnh
vin.NsnghvcngcchicghTngthngcaNgnhDimtrongchnnm,nhngtchcnyskhngbaogirschnhngbmt
canhngnmthngsnglpn.Nchuclychochnhnvngisnglp,ngNhu,mttingtmbtchnh.
Nguyntccbnnhtca"ChnghaNhnv"nirngnhncchlthucgiibchcchomtcth.lmtkhinimhontongybiri.
ngNhulmquenvitritthuytThinChagiomhtmtihicnlmtsinhvinnm1930Php.Nhngnlccanglgiilm
thnomttritthuytCnggioPhpcthpdngxydngmtVitNamclplunlundidngvkhhiu.Nimtincang,tuynhin,
rtnhitthnh.ngNhuangxydngmtphngnthayththtschoPhplnVitMinh.nganggydngmtmnglinhngnging
hchoanhtraimnhlngDim.
"Ticntronghuhtthigian",bNhuvitvcuchnnhncabtrongsutgiaion.TrongkhingNhuangxydngnntngchnhtr
camnh,vngkhnghbitngu."Chngtinginlbinmtmkhngnimtli".BNhucthkhngbitchnhxcchngbang
u,nhngbcmtnimithvnhnggnganglm.aimtrngmtkhngthcheythctrngcuchnnhncahtrthnh
mtcigytoantnhthcdngvkhngcmythigiancnlidnhchotnhyu.
BNhukhnghontoncckhichngbvngbngvnhngsmngbmtcamnh.BcngianhhLt,HongBoi,mt
ngibubndchu.Vmtngnghanglemhcambvkhngcnlhongna.DsaoinaBoichabaogithtscaitr.
DichthcdnPhp,quynvcanghunhlunlunchlmtbiutng.Boilnnginm1925,khingmihaitui.Ttrng
hcPhpngvivtrvnhdmtangcha,vuaKhinh,risauquayvPhp.Chicngaivngtrngtrongbynmtip
theo,trongsutthigianquankhmsPhpnmquynhnhhonton.nthiimBoitrliVitNamnm1932,ngcsason
thnhmtthanhninPhphonho,hontonvuilnglmnhnggmchnhquynthcdnsaibo.
Boisngcucicamtkvtlcnungchiu.ngkthn,nhngiukhngngncnngtheouicucsngnchi.Sn
bnveouinhngphntrlhainimammcang.NhnghnhngcangtrongThchinthhaivhuqucachnghyhoi
midanhtingmBoicthbmvuvonhmtlnhtxuynsutnhngnmdichthcdn.Trctinnguhngngi
NhtsaungtraovngminchonhngngiCngsntrckhilptcquaylicngtcvingiPhptrongsmngthitlpliquynkim
sotngDngcahvocuinhngnm1940.BoilratrvSiGn,nhngngkhngchegiusathchcucsngLt
hn.ngthctbitrngdsaoinangchngthlmnntrtrngg.Boihontonthcvcamchunhmnhthmbica
ng.Khinghemtphntnglbnngbmitthvilmim,nhvualntingbnhvc."Cychlmcngviccamnh",Boini:
"Tamilkimnhcthts".7
BoiclcngbirinhbNhubici"guerrebizardouille",cucxungtklmhkhngdphnvo.Haianhemh,xalvicphncn
licatnctrongthichin,chvavnhnhdungcmcoincacucth.Lt,haianhemhonggiactrongmtmi
trnguhaquenthuc.BNhuthptngngianhhtrongnhngchuynicucvnhcpvingtrongccvnbibridge.Khichng
khngcnh,hidngoivbithc.Tngsaunhngbctngmuhongthcacunginctrangtrnghthuttheophongcch
chittrung(ArtDeco),bNhuvanhhbcthnhnxungthunglngangkhivnngithulutrongthgiicamnh.
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8/6/2016
Bnichngbbitttcv"nhngbuidhibanmvdungonbanngy".ngclcnkhuynkhchchngna.Mcdtaiting,ngiv
qucvngcaBoivncmtnghachnhtrno.NungNhumunxydngmtphongtrochngPhpvchngCng,ngcnmi
sgipngcthcc.Mtcigtucanhvuasmanglimttnhcchhpphpchtvngoi.
Nutnhbngiavngvanhhhongcabliuthuntin,ncngtrachlnhtthimthi.Boilmttrongnhngnnnhn
chnhtrutincachhNg.ngtriquaphnicnlitrongmtluixiuvominNamncPhpgnCannes.Tronghikca
mnh,bNhunhcnnganhhcamnhmtcchcayng.Khngcnlichthimnocatnhthngianh:Boi,"conbnhnca
ncPhp".
CungincacuhonggiylmtadanhdulchquantrngthuhtnhiukhchnLt.Nhncbotnn,khngvbtkni
hoinhvBoimngranhmtchictknhtrngbynhngsxahoaphngtngcamtknchi.Ncxychovhong
VitNamvonm1933theocngmtphongcchnhnginhcaquantonquynPhpthmchsdngcngloigranite.Chaitanh
ucnhnggccnhhnhhc,nhngsnthngtrnmi,vnhngcastrnlirangoi.Clhainginhcxydnghtnhnhauvi
dngthhinmtsbnhngno,nhngiumchngthtschngtlsxalcavhongnhmtngiPhpchnhcng.8
NgayckhibNhutrthnhnhtPhunhn,bvgianhvntiptcsdngnindttrnLtnhmtchsumhpcbit.lni
bntrntrngnitr,vcnhquyquntrongnhngngynghlvxacchcucsngcungin.Lcbygi,vchngngNhusdng
nhcatonquynPhplmninghcuitun.
Nm1962,bNhuminhipnhgiaLarryBurrowscatpchTimeLifedungonmtchuyncuitunLt.Bmunanhxemvchpnhv
mtnirtquantrngvigianhblnhthno.Bmtmcmungianhthhintrcmtvkhchhlnhngngibnhdnrtmc.
Btrtbbyphcthngmctrongcunginvodpcuitun,odilamayrtvavnvtcvncaoicc.Bdinmtchicolendi
tayvqunlngthoimivimitcnauingaunga.PhongcchkhinmtnhtPhunhnbamitmtuitrngrtgingthitr
trung,khilnubnsngLtnmhaimibatui.BNhuantayvokhuutaychngvdastnging.Nhnbntrconchia
trnbic,ngitacthnghangtrongmtvngngoiNewJerseynochonkhibNhuquxungvchdyccongihaitui
camnhcchnhmkhusnglcvbnvomctiu.
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ngbNhuthngnirngkhinghhu,hsdnnLttrnthigian. 9NhngbNhukhngcnhmitrongnhcaquanton
quynPhp.Bchoxydngmtcmnhtis2ngYtKiu,nhnxungmtthunglngtuytp.Bxymtnginhchomnh,mtcho
chab,vmtchokhchkha.Nhngnginhsquyxungquanhmtkhonhsntrongvimtbbincnng,mtkhuvnkiuNht,vmt
hsen.Khihy,hnhnhtmbntncshinra.BitthcabcttnlLmNgc,PorestJewel,vccanhgcnghong.
Mtthpcanhkhnglmuxmdnhcholclngbovtgiangsngsngcngvo.
Ngayctronglcnginhangxydng,ngitanirngnumtconchimbaylcvovn,nsbbnhngaylptc.Nginhcnml
sivctrangtrvinhngbdavuthhoangmchngbsnc.Ncmtphngbpbngthpsnglongvinhngtinnghihin
ivthmchlmtlnnghngngoi.Ttcccphngchnhuctrangbcaspbmt,nsdnnnhngnghmthotthn
chyngmdibbivdnvomtnginhantonkbn.MtchicthangbmtdigingsabNhuxungmtphngngmdit
vmtvmkhnglcgiacthpchcchnchngchuhalc.10
BNhukhngnghv"ngibitthnh"mbangxyLtnhlstiuhoang,nhngnhngnginhVitNamtruynthngvngnng
thnvncndngmtnhxdngtrnnhngchiccc,lxtbntrnmtcihlcnhcnhngconcchphui.StinbNhubra
xychomnhmtphngtmtrngsvschbongnhiuhnconsmphnlnngitakimcci.
Nginhmtnmnmhonthnh.Bbtdngidnglicatrctmln.Casgcclmnlnthmitrckhibthyhilng.
Mttrongnmmingilmvncab,PhmVnM,krngbNhul"mtphunhnrtkhphcv".ngnirngbhayqutthokhira
lnhvedangilmnhngrtssub.Ngiphnngmtcnhngsthchrtxahoavthtthng.Nginhthtlxngngvi
tingtmcangiphnchoxyn,nhngbNhunivitirngbkhngbaogitchnvonikhincxyxong.nthiim
mnginhmccabNhucuicnghontt,sthchthbdnhchoncngkhngcn.
"Chngtanngpnhau",bNhunitrninthoikhnglusaukhibTommychoi.llnutinbbytmungptitrctip.thn
blplunrngtikhngthmmulmhibnutimangabbnmnh,vlbmtmcitiphimangTommytheo.
"Pariscckhng?"
"Ttnhin,thab.Tirtlylmvinhd".
Tithtsnhvy.TianglnkhochmtchuynivothngChngiithiuabvinhnghhngPhpcati.Mtcucdngchn
Parisliuthuntin.TikhngkvibNhurngticngangnhvingthmvnkhthucaPhpminNamncPhpcoiticth
tmthynhngcliulchsnokhcchng.nthiimny,tibitbNhutinchcrnglikcablthangvkhnggynghingngay
ckhincnhngshrrngina.
Blnkhochvthigianvaim.CucgpgcachngtidinragliseSaintLeon,mtnhthCnggiokhngxacnhcabph
milm.Chngtisgpnhaugiangiacagiong,trcbctngthnhJosephvo10gisng."Sauchngtacthincng
vinbnkiang",bni:"nichuyn.Nisrtkno".
Khitibcvogiong,nhngcnhcagingnhmivmnglisaulngti,chnlinhngtianngmathurcr.Tingh,mtcch
munmng,rngtinnlolngmiphi.TitnhcmnhrngtivagiithiuTommychomtlophunhnbnh.Chuyngcthxyra?Hn
ri,btnglRngCi.Btngchhuymtlclngdnqunvinhngphncvtrangvcmtiqunhucncachngsnsngch
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lnh,nhngbcngtngbnlnlmm.Tibucmnhtptrungvokhacnh,nhngtirtbiri.Titnhmnhchnnlonghnvicto
mtntngttp.
Timcchicocnhsmmucngchicvyvithtlngmttngmumaymn.Tibuctcthnhbinhvmanghoatailnhngvin
ngctrainhnhn.TimunthhinchobNhuthytichuynnghipmkhngqutrnhtrng.Titnhcmnhrngtithyvuikhibnht
quytmuntimangTommytheo.Nangngmtcchdthng,rcvotrongchicghycnhngchmtrncngvichgunhibngv
chicmn.Nngvaitrcamnhmtcchnghilng.Phnviccatilgymtntngthchhp:l,thngminh,vcnnglc.Ti
khiphikimsotbtkiugkhc.
Tithi,RngCitrngrasaotuitmmi?Tidnhrtnhiuthigiansmsoinhngbchnhcabkhicntr,nhngcigingmti
lmquenquainthoigilnmthnhnhkhc.Tronguti,tihnhdungbvicngmtkiutc,vncaoquunhxa,ngoitrv
hohtdotuitc.Gmcab,tingh,hnlbubnhnhngthoayphnnhmttmgiygo.Bvncndngsonmich?Tibng
nhinhnhdungbkhngthnokhcngoihnhnhmtloblmkhmvubunvnkhngchuthidngsonmichotvtsonhiblem
rangoinhngngntnhnnheocaimib.
Tiangbungthtrtngtngcamnh.Tinsm,vbygithbtr.Tiqulutronggiongtilm,vnhngvin
tngavotmtrti.Phichngbangquansttitnyngi?Tmtchngitrongbngti,chchonthikhcthchhptipcn?
Tiromtvngquanhnhth,bnhxeykulchcchtrnsnlt,nhngttchngghutrngtrn.
Saumtgi,tinghecnhcactktmra.Bngtinhnnho,nhngkhngphilbNhu.Tiqucngthngnnithtvngdngln
trongtiligingnhmtlnsngcasnhnhm.Tommythcdy,nhngtingrinhrchvuivcancuicngvthnhnhngtinggo
khcvangtrnnnvgianhngthanhrm.Tinhcchicxeylngianbn,quakhinhngcnhcainngn,vbngquacngvinkn
ochoabb.KhititrlicnhcadtiParis,tithymttinnhntrnmytrlitbNhu.Bphlbngcchlilinhnni
rngblhnvcmthykhngkhe.Chnbau,bthdinhtrngchngtinntrhoncucgpmt.
Tronglnnichuyntiptheo,bthtskhngnilixinli,khngdngdinhiuli.Nhnggingbnghekhhili,vttnhintithathcho
b.Lntichngtisgpnhautrongcnhcab,bni.Titinb.Tichimttingngh,lnnytronghnhlang,nhngb
khngchotivothangmy.Tilithathchobmtlnna.Bkchotimtcuchuynngbun:bkhngchcbcthtintngbtk
aimtlnnona.Tisphikinnhnchngtbnthn.RngCivnngoitmtayvicatinhmtstrungi.
1 cnhngchititvcucothotcanhChngkhiVitMinhvnnutiPhtDimvingNhu,xemCAOM,HsTrnVnChng,
HRTNonCotes,BulletindeRenseignements,29thng5,1947bntinngy10thng7,1947,mtninchncagianhChngkt
nm1945.VnhngsquyntngvchchoVitMinh,xemBulletindeRenseignements,3thng3,1946.
2 MadameNhu,CaillouBlanc,90.
3 EricT.JenningskhostnhngnimPhpqucvmt"hnodatrng"vvLtnhmt"thnhphkiumu"trong"FromIndochineto
Indochic:TheLangBian/DalatPalaceHotelandFrenchColonialLeisure,PowerandCulture",ModernAsianStudies37,1(2003):159194,v
GwendolynWright,ThePoliticsofDesignlnFrenchColonialUrbansm(Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress,1991),230.
4 Vach,10ruedesRoses,vvicDimlutr,xemCAOM,HautCommissariat,carton731,NgoDinhDiem.
5 NhngmtvngibitthtrchthikchaxutbncabNhu,CaillouBlatic,vBackgroundtoBetrayal:TheTragedyofVietnamBicnh
casphnbi:BikchcaVitNamcaHilaireduBerrier(Boston:WesternIslands,1965).
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6 GeneGregory,chboTimesofVietnam,tbothnDimSiGnvlchicloacaNhu,kiunyviEdMillertrongcuctrchuynxem
EdwardMiller",Vision,Power,andAgency:TheAscentofNgoDinhDiemVinKin,QuynLc,vTcDng:SiLncaNgnhDim",
JournalofSoutheastAsianStudies35,3(Thng10,2004):433458.
7 A.J.Langguth,OurVetnam:TheWarVitNamCaChngTa:CucChin,19541975(NewYork:SimonandSchuster,2000).
8 ArnauldLeBrusqvLeonarddeSelva,Vietnam:AtraversVarchitecturecoloniale(Paris:PatrimoinesetMedias/ditionsde1'Amateur,1999).
9 Higgins,OurVietnamNightmareCncMngVitNamCaChngTa,70.
10 HowardSochurek,SlowTrainThroughVietNamsWarChuynTuChmiQuaCucChinVitNam,NationalGeographic126,3(1964):
443.
Chng8
NGINNGKLNGNAM
Cnhcamratrckhitig,vJohnPhmhinratrnngngca.nglchacachducabnti.Tigpcongingngmtln,
nhngJohnchontinhmtngithnlulclu.ngmcbqunothngthngcamtlongmintrungty,chicosmik
carbtrongqunchinosthtdylng.Ncitoetothtckhinimcangnhlnthnhhaiqutohngho."Chomngnnhti",
ngrngr,onnmtaytilclnlcxungnhthngangbmnclntmtcigingvy.Cbttaycanglobymimttuihycn
mnhmlm.Khicnlmtchngtraitr,JohntngllnhbovtgiaTngthngSiGntnm1954nnm1963.Giyngsngtrong
mtnginhnngtrictnglngmtKansascaKansasCity.
NginhlnhcaJohnktcuinhngnm1970.ngtrnthotkhiVitNamtrnmtchicthuyncuctNng,nimccbinhs
MgilBinTrungHoa,chbagitrckhithnhphrivotayCngsnnm1975.JohnnHoaKcngvvmiaconvihaibntay
trng.MttrungythnthitkhuynnghyagianhrikhiCaliforniaqungc,ngnyni.VvyJohnnhnvobnvchn
Kansasvnnmngaygiatnc.
Nhngtingkncorvtingtiucamtstrnhdintrntivivngvngxungtcnphngnh.Tinhnclichoybnlncamta
chuangingangqua,vJohnmmcivithngbangrtrivonhbp."Xinmi",Johnvanivachtichictrngkmuquo
ho,"ngixung,chngtahynichuyn".
Johnhithphnti,vvyngayckhiangngi,tivncthnhnthynhucang.Mutrngcancdaulraquanhnglnlc
trnmitcbcnhcccang.iukhinngtrngcvdtnthng.Tichnhdungngkhicnlmtcutraihaimitui,dodai
vnhanhnhn.nghnlmttayxthckhicchnlmmtvbinhtrongdinhph.Nhngthtkhdunghpmtlongtici
vncntrcmttivichngthanhnincngcilnhlngmngtng.Johnlmvicchocngmtbmyanninhqucgiakhtting
khngkmnhngimtvnmngivonhngchungcpnhngxlimchtnchtrnoCnSnnihngngnngibtratn,bi,
vgitchttrongsutcucchin.
NhngngchcaJohn,Tngthngvemtraing,sngngaytrongdinhphgnchtgccaJohn.ngdnhgnchnnmlmvicbn
cnhNgnhNhuvvng,bNhu.
Tingivovtrcamnhtrntrngkkhitinhnthyvttrangtrtrnbctngtrcmtti.ChaJesusbtreotrnthpgivng,vngayst
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bnngi,mtbcchndungTngthngNgnhDim.Mtlcscvngtreotronggc.NgiTngthngchthnbnminm,VitNam
Cnghamtbaminm,nhngtrongnginhny,qukhhycnrtsngng.
TitrchuynviJohnntnchiu.Micchanh,gim,vthtrnxnglntnhbp.VJohnbcvo,haytayttrntp,hichngtic
mundngmtbtspkhng.BlmmnbnbHu,mtmnthtbcvrtcaytminTrungVitNam.angkhitihpsspnhngsi
bndilttht,JohntiptcnivcucsngtrongnhngdinhthcangDim,nihoinhvqucgiathitraitrchtchatronggingng.
Trongnginhny,JesusvDimulnhngngcutinhvtrngtn.
SinhraminTrungVitNamvonm1901,NgnhDimlmthcsinhgiikhicnlmtcub,nhngthayvtheochnccanhnPhp
hoc vo hc trng dng, ng dn thn vo nhng hot ng chnh tr a phng. ng Dim bc chn vo chnh quyn tnh di thi Php
thucvichcquntrngkhinghaimitui.NhngcnbcngchcVitNamlnhngsphutrthccgilquanlihlnhngsn
phmcasotokhtkhevphivtquanhngkthicatriunhvccmnvit,vnchng,lchs,vtonhc.Chtrongmtvinm,
ngDimleolnchcgimsthnhchnhnglngithuthu,quntrng,vthmphncacvng.Chcvcangchophpngngixe
ko,nhngngDimthchciconngacachnhmnhdomtanhphudtihn.ngxutnhngcuccicchtobochonhngcp
quanchcVit,baogmnhiustquythntrcngiPhpvcgiodctthn,nhngblmng.cbnhimlmTunvPhan
ThitvngngnambVitNamvonm1929,ngDimnitinglngicngbngvchnhtrcmtcchkhngthlaychuyn.ngngay
thngnkhingiPhptiptcctuytnhngcicchmngngh,ngtrlittccctchiu,huychngvluivn.Vingth
hoclttchockhnggc.1
ngDimtngtrtluikhisnkhuchnhtrngvonm1933nhngkhngphilhontonimhilngting.ngvntiptclmvicsau
hutrngnnm1954,khingxuthintrlinhmtnhnvtcacngchng.
ngbNhuvbangiconcahnsnbayTnSnNhttiSiGnvochiungy25thngSunm1954,chbitrngchuynbaynt
uchubhonli.CngvingbNhu,mtmngvitrmngichichuynbayhcnh,baogmmttnglnhcpcaotrong
qunithucaPhp,ccthnhvincahonggia,nhngnhngoigiaoncngoi,vnhngquanchctrongQunlcVitNamCngha. 2
ChngbNhunhtquytyucuvvccconcnggianhpphiongmmtvitrongsnhngnhnvtquantrngnhttoncing
DngangchistrlicaanhtraingNhu.Cuicng,NgnhDimcbnhimlmtnThtngVitNamCnghatimthi
nghhabnhGenve,ThyS.TrongcimsaunyscgilHipnhGenve,ccbnthamdHoaK,Anh,Php,LinX,vTrung
QuctduchmhtchocucchingiaVitMinhvPhpbngvicthngnhtchiaVitNamthnhhaiqucgiangncchbivtuynmi
by.HChMinhslmchtchcaqucgiaCngsnminBc,ttnghnhdinhcangHNi.Boi,cuhong,slquctrng
danhnghacanhncmikhngCngsnphanam,nhngngvnangPhp.QuynlcthtscachnhphsvotayvThtnghy
cnkhvdanhmngiMngh,nginngtrnbctngcaJohnPhmvlanhchngbNhu:NgnhDim.
DithingDim,minNamVitNamsc"giiphng"giiphngkhichnghathcdn,giiphngkhichnghaCngsn,nhngcn
giiphngkhicigkhcnathchar.Trnlthuyt,trongvnghainm,vonm1956,cncstchctngtuync.NgiVitNamst
quytnhnhngghmun,nhngchotilc,BcVitCngsntrnvtuynmiby,vmtcighontonmictorapha
divtuyny.3
ChngDimtisnbay,bNhumbtrait,Qunh,volngtrnann.Trongbngmtnhchmybay,bkpabbnhngvlintc
iquailitrnixngancamnh.Chngcntaynogihaianhcnlisaukhiquanstchngngnguykhngynvbtrtnhng
chiccoxinhpcamnh,bgtuvibgitmtuivemtrainmtuican,vchngchyi,laoquabnkiaconngnhaschbong
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chitrctbt.Bntrkhngcncgilikhimybayn.
Nchlmtcichmentrnnntrisngr,nhngntngtrngchomtciglnlaovhingsvnxal:tdo.LThyvTrc
chynngbnchamchng,vcngnhaucgianhnmnginguvitinggmrngcacmyanglaonviitaybtchttai.
Mtnginngnmmibatuibcrakhiphicvvytayvphanhngciulnh.ngDimnheonheomtlnongkhngquen
vinhmttrinhitichichangtrongsutthigianxax?Lnongthmchcthnhnthyhangnging?Rtcucvongaylc
ny,ngDimtrngvnkhnggingnhnginngtrongtrtngtngcanhiungi.ngcmtgngmttrnvnhvnhvmtciu
hunhdnhlinvivai.MitcencangDim,bngbyvutngcrasaunhnhngchiclngcaconthtlttht,lmnibtn
tngtngthcamtchchimcnhctntcibngbcang,bcomlmudacmptrngtiubiu,vdngivngking.ngthmch
cltrnntrntrnhhnsaunhngchuynicamnh.
BNhukhngnhnthyngDimtrongbnnm,ktkhingraikhiVitNam.NgoitrlnlingnngivivchngbNhuLtvo
cuinhngnm1940,anhtraingNhulunluncvlmtnhnvtxacchvib.nghunhsutsottuichab,vtrcChintranh
ngDnglnthnht,ngDimqubnbuxydngmtngchnhtrbmtdicitniVitPhcHngHihnlquantmnhiun
cvtrcaemtraimnh.KhingiPhpsnlngngvonm1944,ngDimphitrnchuitrnnhi.ngtrnthotvisgipcavin
lnhsNht,ngilnangrakhithnhphbngcchcitrangngthnhmtsquanNht.ngDimvoliSiGntrongkhingb
NhuvnliHu.ngcantonchonsaukhingiNhtuhngvocuiThchinthhai.GingnhbNhu,ngDimbnhng
ngiCngsncmtvonm1946.ngbchnlitrnmtchuyntulatrliHu,banmttplutrnvngnixaxi,vbgiam
bathngtrckhicatiHNi.LnhtcaVitMinh,ngHChMinh,yucumtcucgpmttayi.4
HChMinhvNgnhDimcmtviimchung.ChaiuntminTrungVitNam,vchaiucchahthmnhunnhngphm
cchcamtnhdntcchnghachngPhpvchngthcdn.ngHthmchhctingitrngHudochangDimsnglp.Ging
nhngDim,HChMinhhyvngrngngiMsgipngiVitNamtrongcuckhngchinchngPhp.ngcldonghnhvy.C
quanTnhboChinlc(OSS),tinthncaCIA,canthipvngHkhingbgiamcmTrungHoaDnQuc.ngtrchdnmtphn
caTuynngnclpMkhingtuynbnnclpcaVitNamvothngTmnm1945,vnhngngilnhVitMinhcangthamgia
voccsmnhchngNhtcaM.Cnglc,HChMinhlmtngiCngsnst,mtmncaKarlMarxvlngitinvocuccch
mngvsn.ngnhngmunxydngmtVitNamclp,xhichngha,nhngngcngbitrngchittnhtaVitNamns
clplbngvictoramtsnghipchungchonhngngitbnchngha,ach,vtsn,chttrongmtthigian.
Xtnsvichsiuvinhauchvavnmtthpninsau,khngcgngngcnhinkhingDimkhngbaogicngkhaithanhn
tngtipxcvinhnglnhtVitMinh.NhngnhngnghincugnyvnhnghotngcangDimtrongqungthigianchngt
rngtrnthctngclinh.ngDimquantmnvicngnhnglachncamnhcnglucngtt.ngangchxemliumt
phngnthba,khngphingiPhpcngkhngphingiCngsn,ckhthihaykhng.Trcnm1949ngDimrtcucinmt
quytnhdtkhot,ngctuytVitMinhvngthituynbshptccacuhongBoivingiPhplkhngthchpnhnc.
ngmtmnhthnguyhimtht,nhngngDimchnngynhnggiiphpnavi."Titnthnhnhngcicchxhitritvtobo,
viiukinlphmgiconngislunctntrngvctdophttrin". 5VinghanyngDimcngbmthipcditn
ngvongy16thngSunm1949,hyvngrng,theohcgiEdwardMiller,tphpcmingidingncinghacang."Lituyn
bnycrtnhiungiVitNamcvghinh,nhngnkhngtoramtlnsngmnmmimdnhchongDim...Tcng
ngaytcthcanllmcnkitlngkinnhncacngiPhpvVitMinh".ngDimangtuytgiaoviminginhmbtulimtci
gmim.
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SauchuynlutrngnngivigianhngNhuLt,ngDimxutdngtmkimnhngngminhmi,mutin,khngcktqu,
nNhtBnvsaunM.ngDimnhnrangcthlidngmiccmlchscangiMivichnghathcdn.ngn
vomtthiimkhngththchhphn.lvothiknhimcaNiSnhngngiMangxyhmtrnhbomvdytremtrn
trnhnhngbcxcabomhtnhnNgadibnhctrng.KnguynMcCarthylthiimhonhongDimxuttrnhtmcncc
chngcngcamnh.ngthnhcngmtcchkhtintrongvictmkimnhngngicnhhngngcmvichnhnghacang.Hngy
giochyquynlcFrancisSpellman,cngvicchcgi,hngtthnhvinQuchi,baogmthngnghstrntMassachusetts,John
F.Kennedy,vngaycWildBillDonovan,ngisnglpraOSS,thyubytskhmphcivingDim.
Snghvkhchltinhthnthclttpvgyphnchn,nhngcngvicquytnhthangdinraVitNam,nhbNhubitrtr.
Chngb,emtraingDim,lngiangtnnmngchostrlicangDim.Chcchngcngkhngthithkhngycncnn
mttritlchnhtrthts.ngNhumphngtritlnhnvchnghacaoCnggiosaochophhpvitnhhnhcthcaVitNam,
mtcngcucsgyntngbitnhtobohnlnhngktqucan.ngCnLaosnsngtrthnhnntngthitthcchomt
phongtrochnhtr.ngNhulinktviccnhhotngcngon,nghsxydngcclinminhcngnng,vxutbnmttpsanchnhtr
gilXHi,bnhvcccnghipon.
BNhuriLtnm1953khingNhukugibvccconchuynvSiGnhtrngDimlnnmquyn.Hthunmphngknhau
stbnhvinSt.Pierre.HaiphnglmnhinchottunsancangNhu,vbaphngcnlicdnglmkhuvcsinhhotchogianhnm
ngi.BNhutranghongphngngbngnhngccbtmthychtri.Nhnghoavnchmtrtrnglmbvuithchchng
taonhkhinngitahnhdungrngmtgianhthcdnkhginoblichngkhihtrnchyvPhp.lsaniichtcho
ciibndoanh"yctrui"mhsngtrong.
BNhumtnhngngyuSiGnlvvnmcbmunkhc.NhvnPhpLucienBodardtngnhnthykhungcnhlelotrtin
lcbcnLt.ngtlihoncnhSiGncabthmchtithn."Lnutintin,tibngquamtcisnbibmphiy
quno.Tmthnhlanglptnhinramtphntrmcoditrngvqunxanh.Trngctathtlithilchthch.Bntrconbmlycta.
Ctatiutybinithtvngntikhngnhnracta".ykhngphilcuchnnhnhaycucsngmccsasoncho."Tt
cnhnggctaphilmlgitgi,nunvtmrachocon".6
Mtbuichiu,bNhuangthiuthiuchpmtthgitmnhdybinhngtingthimntphnginttpsancachngstbn.Bntrvn
angngnnblnvobntrongkhngmttingng.Bnhnthynhngtmlngcatmnginng,mcqunotrngvinnrm
ginghtnhau,chuuxungquanhmtcigdit.Tmnhnbkhut,vbkhngthnhnrcigangtrcmth.Thayvcmthy
s,bNhuintitvinghrngnhngngilxmphmvochcagianhb.Bspsahiuccigangdinra.Bthomt
chicgucra,mtloigucmmbmangitrongnh.Nhngbygibsdngnvimcchkhc.Bpchicgucvolngngin
nggnbnht.
"Chuyngangxyray?"Bhi.
Byngikiadngcivichanglmvbclililramtnginngangcithuldisn.Anhtangithngdyvhhaitay
xungkhiu,vllcbNhuthyrnghangnhpnginngmchngbthuchynhin.Anhtablttrnhaichn,mu
chyxungmt.Thayvnilicmn,anhnhngilnthnhmtcinhnvaivcivibNhumtncignggo.
",khngcgu",anhtanivittcvhhng.Anhtacthhuyngvtlmmnhbnrnbngvicrtmtiuthucrakhibaothuc
rmr.
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BNhunhnxungquanh,nhngkhngaikhctrongphngcng.Nginngnyrrngkhngmunsgipcab,nnbbclili.
Bcthlmgy?Nimkiuhnhbtnthngvnithtvngtrodng,bNhumanglichicgucvsibcrakhiphng.
Bgiammnhtrongnhchonlcchngv.Blaovovngtayng,gnghichuyngxyra.Nhngnginnglai?NhngngNhu
khngp.Btthymnhanglylmkinhngcvnginngbkthn.Chngphibcungilmcangkhibthnghaysao?
ChuyngxyranungNhutrongvnphng,hayangbymutnhknhthngltrongmttimcphvdanhno?Liuhclmhi
ngykhng?
NiulocabNhurtcuckhiramtcutrli,nhngkhngphicutrlimbmongi.ngNhugimtthilnhnhtvnn
citoetotnhthngl."Hyloviccaemvngdnhvo",ngni,vmcchoncitrngngmtng,bbitlmtlicnhco.
Vphnnginnglmvictrongnhin,ngimbNhubitchcchnmnhcumnganhtavongy,anhtatiptclmvicphng
stbn.Vmilnnhnthyanhta,bNhulimtlnnacnhcnhvvicgiabvngichnglcbygilmtkhongcchxaxivi
vinthno.
ngDim,tnThtng,imtvittcmiloivntronglntrvVitNamnm1954,btuviskinrngngkthamth
thngv.Ngnkhqucgiatrngrng.NgiPhpkhngotonhngnhqunlngiVitthovic.VitNamCnghahontonbt
litvqunsvchnhtr.Nhngbngngthngtrccthnhph.Chenmclnnhnm.Nhngthnhphnchiphikinhtlmaty,cbc,
vmidm.DngngitnntminBcchlmchomichuyntitthm.Khngcchchottcnhngngitnnsngvlmvic.H
dnnhungnhcxungquanhSiGnnhnggianhngchenchctrongnhngngxydngbngximng.
Saukhichiaitnc,HipnhGenvecmtiukhonchophpngidnvtquachaiphacangbingii,nhngmisdics
phidinranitronggiihnnghimngtmtnm.QuniPhpvhiqunMcungcpphngtinvntihucnchonhngngimin
BcangchyvoNam,trongHoaKtitrhunhttcngnsch.CIAcnggimtiqunthuytphccngnhiungiminBcdic
vominNamcngtt,torabngchngrngnhndnang"bphiubngchn"chongicaM,ngDim,vlihavmtVitNamtdo.7
Nhngkhngaitngtngclicnhiungirainhvy.MtcucdickhongmttriungitminBcCngsnvominNam.
VittcnhnggVitMinhlm,licunbnnngdntcchnghaninhiungiVitNamvthnhcngtrongcngcucnhuingi
Phprakhibci,mtbphndnchngvnqukhipschnghaCngsnnnlivchngkinnhnhng.Cnhngliththmv
nhngcispxyn:sthanhtrnggiaicp,cicchrungt,vsxmphmcanhncvonhngsvaphnglchanin
tngio.cbitnhngngiCnggiolltthochy.
Dngngiingclihunhchlnhgit.NhngcnbCngsncaocpnhtminNamtpktraBc,vchnhphngHChMinh
triuhinhngnvquninhndnnibtnhtnhngkuginhngngicnlivnbiuthstnthnhChnghaCngsnli:"ra
Bcnghalchinthng,liminNamlgthithnhcng".8NhngnginghVitMinhminNamluivovngbmt.Hscchvomt
lcnokhicucutranhtithngnhtckhis.
plcdnstcthitrnVitNamCnghaedalmspchmi.NgaycsnhgicaquniMvhoncnhmngDim
lmvocngnglongi.NhngvnmvtnThtngimtthtqunhiuvqukhkhn,bnbocoktlun,ncll"khng
khcphcc".9
KhnglusaukhingDimtrli,bNhunhnravinikhipsrngvicnglnnmquyncaitrVitNamCnghalmtmutinhvi.
BtkaiimtvitnhtrnghnlonnyuchcchnphithtbivngiPhpcmghtngDimmunhyhoing.nganhchng
cabhinnhinthhinmtctnhclpvvnivismnhkhaihacangiPhp.NungDimthtbi,ngiPhpcthbin
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lunmtcchhplvicthaythngbngmtaidphctngnhhngcahhn.
B Nhu khng phi ang tng tng ra mi chuyn. Ngi Php tht s ang tm cch tng kh ng Dim, nh Edward Lansdale xc nhn.
LansdalegianhpquniMsauvTrnChuCngvctuynmvongnhtnhboquns,saulOSS,biWildBillDonovan.ng
trnnnibtvisthnhcngtrongnhngchindchchngnilonvcginVitNamnm1954iuhnhsmnhqunsSi
Gn.KhiccquanchcngiMkhcctruyntnhngningvcvvlnhtVitNamCnghaviTngthngDwightD.EisenhowervB
NgoigiaoWashington,Lansdalekhololntrnhvphnbcli,xcnhmtlptrngtixcnhnsnghcaMvovlnhtSi
Gn.MtsnginirngGrahamGreenexydngnhnvthohngianghvngythmtcchnguyhimAldenPyletrongNgiMTrm
LngdatrnLansdale,nhngnhiungiMnghrngnglmtngihngcasnghipchngcng.JohnF.Kennedylmttrongsnhng
ngicoiLansdalelmtJamesBondcriampbnnyiTyDng.Nucmtiugnavng,thLansdalelmtnhnchngvs
can thip ca ngi Php vo chnh quyn ng Dim.Theo quan im ca Lansdale, ngi Php cm thy ng Dim "l mt th mui xt vo vt
thngnhcnhicah".VicPhpmtngDngvotaycamtoqunCngsntit,vgithngDimlnnmquyn,mtthk
canimkiuhnhthcdnPhpanglmnguy.ngliangthaytnnhngconngtheotnnhngnhiqucVitNam,quchuhacc
ngnhcngnghipcaPhp,vrasclmchonhngngiPhpcnliVitNamcmthykhngchoannghnh.NgiPhpnhnthyrng
tbovbnthnvlichchinlcludicamnhngDng,hcnrbngDim.
Cnhngngihiuchuynnhanhhn.Ngaytbanu,chngcabNhutra"vcnglolng"vicanhtraing"khngthcyv
mcnghimtrngcckcatnhhnhVitNam"khingtipnhnchcThtngthongBoinm1954.ngDimhnhthnhmt
"nicmghtmqungvingiPhp"vvingibancivinhdhimccachcThtngchong.BNgoigiaoHoaKkhuynco
rng"BoingbaoginntrliVitNamvngsgpnguyhimtnhmng". 10Mtkhinhnghmsuxachiur,bNhucoim
mulchuynrtringt.SauttcnhnggibnnganhhLt,vutvenimkiuhnhvnhbngciticang,bcmthy
mnhbphnbi.Bcndmnghrngvb,BoitraochongDimmtchilmngivi.Bcththovchuynkhi
nhiuiukhcchalra.Giybthyrnganhhblidngbvgianhb.BskhngthathchongtalnngiPhp.
Nm 1954 v 1955, ng b Nhu kt thn vi nhng ngi M, v b Nhu tr nn gn b vi mt ph n trc tui b tn l Virginia Spence.
SpencelmtnhnvinhpngcaCIAmnhnitrichytingPhpcginSiGnkhngkinhquashunluyntcnghip.CIA
mttnhbncacvibNhul"chnthnh",vngNhuttnhinkhuynkhchvtheouin.Vtnhbncah,bnthnngNhuniln
trongmtSpencenh"khahnnhtvimtphnskhngmyntng".Mtcacvngyshoinghi:nglmt"klpmubm
sinh",vbnchtvngtrmcavaitrngtrongchnhquynngDimdngnhcngcphntchutincac.Ccngmtngnhmt
gthnqumangnghchcthmauchngrclynhngrcriquscvomnh."ngtahontonctintrcbtkiugmtngibn
nira.ngcmttthchnhtrnhtnhvmtthinbmtuytvitrongvicbinkhngthnhranhc".VvyngNhulmtnhchinthut
cichtdngdp,vtheonhSpencenhnthy,khngaisnhcviNhutrongtcchmtnhhotngchnhtrhiuqu.
NhngngibnMkhccangbNhuSiGn,ngbPaulHarwood,cnglnhngnhnvinCIA.ngbHarwoodslmchamu
tronglthmsccacongilnnhngbNhu:LThy.CcnhnvinCIAvngbNhucmiquanhthnthitnhcthact
vinhauvhuhtmichuyn.ngNhutruchcvtrcmtnhngngibnMbngcchgiblmtkngoigiovvicbcisango
Cnggiokhmiy,vbNhutrutrvvicccanhtraicangNhutrngmivngvthkchthno.BNhuhilngbubnvinhng
ngiMnSiGn:hl"nhngngithtth","vihta[cth]ddnghathun",mkhngccignhnngthcdnvstphknh
kiucangiPhp.GingnhngibnNhttthithucamnh,nhngngibnmicabNhucnglnhngngingoicuc,vnlm
chobcmthydchukhivih.BNhuthchchiasmtchuynbuncivcontraib,Qunh,ngimbgil"QuangQuang".
CuchuynbngcchnovocnhngbcintngivibndoanhCIA."atrclnilangthangvocuchpnicctmbc
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Dimcan.AichvocnhcaphngvsinhcuiphnghinghvQuangQuangmcara,thyngThtngangngi.Btchciu
chotheolnghi,QuangQuanggitayvbtuhtqucca".11
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TngNguynvnHinh
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ThtngNGuynVnTm
ThaychongDimSiGn,ngiPhpthtsmongmuntngNguynVnHinhnmquyn.ngbamitmtuivkhngckinhnghim
chnhtrnongoitrvicchngkinsnghipsptantnhcachang,NguynVnTm,vThtngbtlclmvicchongiPhp
tronghainm1952v1953.Hinhlmtqunnhn,cotoPhpvchinucngngiPhpchnglingivctrongThchin
thhai.TrongsutChintranhngDnglnthnht,ngHinhlnhoQuniQucgiaVitNam,lclngngiVitchinubnphe
PhpchngliVitMinhvchnglicchdingiivclpcaVitMinh.NgiPhptinrngnungicahlngHinhcmquyn,ngs
gichomithvnhnhtrichy,trongkhihchcchnlngDimsccttccmiquanhvih.ngHinhstiptcsdngccknh
giaodchsnccccngtycaPhpvcungcptintrncura.ngHinhvngiPhptmthymttrthclcchngDim
BnhXuyn,mtbngthytciuhnhngnhcbc,mim,vbokSiGn.Cngvinhau,hbtulpmuhbngDim.Ttc
hubitrlnnngvbnno.
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SiGnhycnlmtthnhphnhvnhiuphngdin.Chmtviquncphvnhhngmuavuichonhngthhiuuha.Huht
nhng hot ng kinh doanh cao cp u nm dc theo con ng m lc by gi vn c gi l Catinat, mc d ng Dim i tn n thnh
ngTDosaukhiPhpbbitrnvbturibtnc.CercleSportif,mtculcbbilivqunvt,vnlihotngbngcchthay
ilclngthnhvinlcngngdoanhnhnvchnhtrngiVit.BNhubitvnhngviclmcatngHinhxungquanhthnhph
khinbtcgin.BbitrngngtaangcchnglngbingiPhpvrnganhhb,Boi,sbanchoHinhshtrthitthchnl
ngtatngchoDim.TaytngqunicngkhaikhoekhoangviccbnbrngngtashgcngDimvcndmnithmrngng
ckhochgibNhulilmvlcamnh.NhchuynvnthngthytrongcithgiinhbcaSiGn,bNhuvtngHinhgip
mtnhautimtbatic.Brnthnghtchiucaochatimtsutrngiycaogtcamnhvnmskhinhmitvomtvtnganggit
mnhhonght."ngskhngbaogiltcchnhquynnyvngkhngcgan".Gnnhkhngthkimchsrunrytronggingni,b
Nhutip,"Vnungltcn,ngskhngbaogicctivtisctcngtrc".Bcngkhaithamchin.12
CngchngnhnnhnngDimlmtngingaythngvinhngchunmcocvivikhngddngbhbivskhngthathtihil.
Nungclig,lvicngthiustinhranhngphngkhngbitthtyvhoncnhngachnvo.lmtrmtrngthm
vn,bncnhnhngnigiannantbnngoimngDimmichntchnrotrvphignhvcmtvtngcngiPhpbotr,
angtnhchuyntobo,mttriungitnnvgiac,haigiophitngiohngmnh,mtlclngcnhstbbngnggitgiy,vnhng
khnkhkhngnithnhlicamtnnkinhtmmnglmtchnhkhchti.ngnginlkhngthktnivinhngngimng
tntmrascidinchoh.LansdalenhnxttngyuvvicmtquanchccpcaoVitNamcthhoangphvnlingchnhtrca
mnhmtcchbtcnnthno.
LansdalenSiGnngaytrcngDim,vnganghohcchnvtnThtng.NhngvongyngDimtrliSiGntheolch
trnh,LansdaletnhinquytnhtheodistrlithnhphcangiThtngcngvidnchngVitNamthayvgianhpphionngoi
giaotisnbay.Nhngngphngc.Nhngcmxcdngtrongitauconlnvaichngmtlncthongnhnthytnglai
mimcaVitNam."Vchngtichi,chivchimtcigxyra...vbtthnhlnhvtquachngtivitcsumidm
mtgilmtonmthtngmtchicxehingknca.Bnkhngththybtkaitrong".Cmtnithtvngthtsgianhng
ngiVitNam,nhngngithmchkhngththongnhnthyngDim."ylnhittnhsisccamtmngdnchngthnthin
khngcnhnthysdinmhmongmunhaytunghnginngcah".LansdalenghiucnhthngDimhonton
khngmungngividnchng.13
Trnthct,Lansdaleblciiudkinlthtsngxem.ngNhucgnghtscnhdulntrvSiGncaanhtraingnh
mtdptrngi.vinhdanhngDim,cccngchccchovsmgianhpvo,cngvihngtrmngikhc,mtcucthptrc
DinhcLp.KhochcangNhukhngssymtlykhingDimvtiDinh,ngaycnhngchicloacngclpthonho.Nhng
libnhluncangDimgymttcngttp.ngnhncstunghvangditmng,nhngiukhngcccnhngoigiao
vquanchcchngkinbihkhngcmt.Thayvvy,hrikhiphitrngvintngrngngDimchngcgnibt,lmaylm
mtvingi,nhLansdale,nghvtnThtnglkkiuklnhlng. 14NhngtoantnhsaivhiulmgiaanhemnhhNgvinginc
ngoiscndaidngtrongsutthigiancmquyncnlicangDim.
Thayvbntmvnghithcngoigiaohaytngtngranhngphngthkhctranhthsnghcactri,ngDimdnhthigianttay
kttcnhngththcxutnhpcnh.Skhngsnlnggiaophngaycnhngnhimvnhnhtnhtcnghalnglmvicmisuhay
mibygimtngy.Khikhngcncthmmtbnbnlmvic,ngsemmtchnggiytlnging.ngDimlmtnhqunlthi
phnnovngkhngtintngbmyquanliumngcthak.NgiPhphunluynnnnhngthuccpngiVitthngvlo
chuynbotontmthnhnlgngincnh.NgnkhtrngrngcangDimvsthiukhnngtrlngchonhnvinchnhphcng
lmtrmtrngthmcihthngsuysp.Tuynhin,ccanhemnglnhngngingbitcthnhcy.
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VtnThtngkhnggilnnhiuhyvngnitngJ.LawtonCollins,cphivinchnhphHoaKVitNam.
CollinsthyngDim"hontoncngucngc,khngsnlngtipnhnnhnggivvndngcsuyxttitnnchnhphcangrt
cucsthtbi".Thayvlmchomichuyntthn,theoquanimcaCollins,ccanhemcang"lnlxungquanhvlnht,likoryr
sutcngy",vngcnhborngvicgianhkpngycngcngvochicccachnhquynVitNamCnghaslmtrmtrngthmtnh
hnhvndtnt.15
BNhudnthnvomtkhongtrngchnhtrtorabivThtnglnhnhtsutngycogiyvngiemtraithmthtcang.Chaianh
emukhngckhnngthinbm,khngcckchngh,vclkhngcbngdnochinuna.BNhuccbacchthathil
ngkhc.
NlccacsngtochnhtrutincabdinratimtnhhngChLn,mtkhuphngiHoa.Buinticthtibivtn
PhthtngcangDim,ngingthilBtrngqucphngcangvanhhcabNhuvngchacabmtnginngtn
NguynVnXun.VibNhuvchngcngnhngngiVitkhctrongchngDim,khchdbatictibaogmhaicvncpcaoTa
isPhp.BNhulidngdpxgiaonythcpnhngngiPhp.BbitrtrhkhngththnhnrngngiPhpmunhtcng
ngDimnhtltimtbaticticchiuibivPhthtngvtrcmtcemducangDim.NhngncixgiaocabNhu
cheymttrtuchnhtrscso."Vlg",bhimtcchduyndng,"hkhngytngHinhquaPhpchori?"MttronghaivcvnPhp
araththchnhnhngnhthchomtcbnsinh:nubctharanmduhiuchothyngHinhlngitha,hschthntin
ngHinhrai.BNhubquanhngtnhtitgiaoicukvnmcinhnchmchmvohainginng."Ccngschngtriu",bbo
vih.NhngngiPhpcthvnchorngcuctraoinychngghnlstntnhvvtgiabuitictithbnghkulnquamnn
dangdutin,"Nhngbthtnguyhim,Madame!"
Ththchnythnslmkhutphcbtkai,nhngbNhucmtsmnh.Trongvngvigicabuiticti,bcnggpmtstrng
hpngunhinhuch.Chngbgiimlngsutbuiti.NungcbtksuynghnovcuctraoigiavvinhngngiPhp,nggi
nchoringmnh.Saukhirikhinhhng,ngvvmingiming.ngNhuvDinhgpanhtrai,vbNhuvnhmtmnhnhthngl.
Ticabgphainginngtrnglithilchthch.Hthtthuvxyxc,tgiithiumnhlQuangvH.Hangichngb,hgii
thch."ChngtiidinchohngtriunndnnkhichngtinghengDimnhncquynbnhtvuaBoi.Nhngtnhhnhthct
khngthchucvcnhstBnhXuynquynhiuchngti.Ngaycnuchngtimunquaylicngkhngc!Chngtislmgy?"
ylthicchomttriuduhiumbhatibuiticti."nglmgtronglcny",bNhulnhlngtrli,"nhngkhinlc,ccanh
hynghevlmchnhxciutini".
Trongthngtiptheo,bNhulmvictrongmthm.BchoinnhngbngrnvlmvicspxpnhngmngdnlnhnnminBc
vomnglinhngngithamgia.BanglnkhochchomtcucbiutnhiquymnghngDimnhngngithamgiastunhnh
trnilHaBnHa,rquangChasseloupLaubatc,vtngtntrcDinhcLp.NgaycngiPhpcngkhngthphnhnmt
sthhinmunrrngnhvycangidn.
NhngnthiimbNhunaimmttinhnhvosngngy21thngChnnm1954,cnhstc.HlngicatngHinh,
vinhngkhusngthucabngngBnhXuyn.Hangcgnggiitnmtmng4.000ngibngcchchalilvgothtvom
dnlnhnnangrunlyby.BntngtrnhcaquniPhpmtnhngphtsngn,mtsngibthng,vtnhtmtngicht.16
56/138
8/6/2016
BNhutrnchicxehiPanhardnhonhmulcnhtlenliquamtbinxexchlvnhngvnhnnlbpbnhcanhngphnangtrn
ngnch.Brngottrnhnhngchicxeyhngrong,nhnglmtcnhtngnhnnhovcng.
BNhunhyrakhichicxehinhngcnnmy.Sinhngbcdihtmcxicatodi,btinthnglichnhnggnngmang
vtrang.Bkhngthchonhngtnducnnylmtrtngrycucbiutnhcamnhvphingnothtgpgp.Blmciium
bgiinht:bgymtmncivkchtnh.BNhubtunhicmcmngi,vndnghthisctrongbungphihtto,"Ccanhlloi
cnhstg?Ccanhtnhlmgnhngnginghokh,vphngtvny?Ccanhcstikhng?"
Btthnhlnh,mtmngthchBnhXuynvylyb.Khihtintignbvinhngkhusngvyln,bnhyvoxehi,goto,"Btti
nuccanhcgan!"vlixuynquahngronhngtncnvaimangsngtiulinThompson.
NhnghnhngrtsnkhucabNhulmxaolngmlnhluchophpcucmttinhtiptc.Dnchngdiuhnhtnhthln
nDinhgingnhngbiung"thngnhtvclpchoVitNam",v"onhngkphhoinnclpQucGia".mnghkhuhiu
nghngDim.ngDimcvgingnhlmtngianhhngcugipdnlnhnn,vtngHinhbyvotnhthbtli.TncPhp
xaxi,vuaBoikhngthcngkhainghngHinhmkhngtbinmnhthnhmtqunvngnhntmvnhmtchttstnknhcui
cngdnhchong.Khnglusau,ngHinhbtrcxutquaPhpvkhngbaogiquaytrli.BNhuhngnhnttccngtrngcavic
odincucmttinh,vsaulmtphncngtrngcavicngiicumtcchtobobtchpmtaysaicabngiccp.17
NhngngicngdtictivibNhutTaisPhpphni.Ngiphnny,hni,anggyphinh!Byramtcucmttinhtrong
mtbukhngkhchnhtrqunngbnglhontonvtrchnhim.NhngngiPhpthanphinvingiM,nhngnginymchli
vingDim,ngirtcucnggibNhuixatrongvngvithng.Bniginvvicbxuaui,nhngchlgigntrttan
ninh,vchlungNhutrnanngDimcht,lcchgiithchhplmharavib.
BNhucginHngKng"hiphcsckhe"trongbathngtimtntuvin,ntuvindeChanoinessesdeCanossa.Ccconv
chngbliphasau.Thayvcoiiunhlstrngpht,bNhubtuchovichgibinhlsthanhnquynlctimtngcab.
Nubkhngnggm,thsbnh.Rrnglbqunguyhimlmng.
CucmttinhcabNhunhduskhiumtchngmichoanhchngb.
Trongvithngtiptheo,chnhquyncangDimstiptclmvicthitlpskimsotSiGnvminNam.KhngaichivThtng
ngiCnggioynguyntccaVitNamCnghalmiu.KthkhngitrichungcangDimlstrylc.SngbciThGii
(GrandMonde)mingykim10.000la.TrongnhngbungknhsnglanhthhngsangParadise(iLaThin)lbatrmcginbnvi
lahhangunovmuavuichomtdanhschkhchchididngdc.Nhngnhngoigiaovtnglnhchiasvinhaumtngiuti
nhngphnghtphintrckhiincchpm.
VvymingirtngcnhinkhiNgnhDimxuthintrongdngdpkchinthng.ngtrakhngnngtay.Cnhstcangng
canmtrmhtphinvtchthuhngngnngiutre,chtthnhmtngcicaobthiuritrongmtngnlakhnglnhenlntnhng
trangtpchkhiudmxra.ngDimralnhchocchpmSiGnphingcavo2gisng,vtungranhiuquynhchongnh
kinhdoanhthotyvcathnhphnmclmspn.Khongchng2.000giimcgiyphpnhnhngbinmt,lmsprngct
calngchiSiGn.ngDimbinnhthParadisebnglongthnhmttrungtmphchichonhngcgiim,nihcdykhuv
viudng.
ngquytnhkhngngcanhngnhthnngthnniqunintr:ngDimbitngcncnhstvquningvphamnh.
57/138
8/6/2016
ngngcnhinnhttrongttcmiiulstchithnglngcangDim.ngskhngnhngbvibtkthathunchiasquynlc
no.Lptrngnyingclinhngchthcanhvua,chnhntrnlthuytcangncngingclilikhuyncangiPhp.Mu
thunkchlitgiangDim,ngiPhpvBoinmlichchnhtrcang,nhngtrongtrnghpny,ngcngtrarngngcthchu
ngplctBNgoigiaoHoaK.
58/138
8/6/2016
TngByVin
NhmBnhXuyn
NhmBnhXuynxutthntmtbngcpngsngtnhnglngnhphanamChLn,phngiHoaSiGn.Thlnhcah,mt
nginngtnByVin,cngtcvingiNhttrongsutgiaionchimngcah.LptrngchngPhpcabngBnhXuynbinh
thnhnhngngminhtnhthcaVitMinh,nhngmilinktnykhngtntilu.Srnntchnhtrgiahquln.ByVinquaytr
59/138
8/6/2016
livingiPhpvonm1945,ngaykhiiucvcchli.ngtamuasnhngbcacnhstSiGnvigi40triungng
Dngvsaulnhmychbinthucphinvncungcphngchochnhnhnghtmcccnhstnycnhimvngca.Ngoinhng
sngbcvnhth,bngBnhXuyncaByVincngshucahngbchhasmutnhttrongthnhphtrnngCatinatsangtrng.
Bngcpnycmtituthuyn,haiminginh,vmttrmcahiukhpthnhph.MtconhoycsuvyquanhnginhcaBy
VinvibndoanhcabngBnhXuyn.ngtaxchmtconbotolnvomtchtgcbnngoiphngngcamnh,vbntrongphngng
lchiclngnhtmtconcpci.NgitanrngByVinschoconcpcinynthtbtkknotrongs15.000thuchdmlmtring
ta.
abncaByVinrnglnvtmnhhngcangtasuxanchmtngicngcivcckcntrngnhngDimminghti
chuynhngta.ivivnBnhXuynngDimtrakhngkhoannhng.NgiMthnghtitr12.000ngngDngchob
binhv28.000ngngDngchocnhstcaBnhXuyn,hiplcvingDim,vhclmchongDimhiurasthtl:BnhXuyn
lmtthctbthnhcacucsngSiGn.NhngngDimkhngthahip.18Trnchincuicngnravongy27thngTnm1955,
mtngysaukhingDimbnhimmtcnhsttrngkhngchuskhngchcaByVin.LclngBnhXuynbtunphovoDinh.
Bntrong,ngDimchngtmtquyttmcngrn."Bnli",ngralnh.Tnhcthy,4.000phtncinvphanhcathlnhBnh
Xuyn,ByVin,vschhuycachng.lmthngrohalccungnngayctrckhicsthamgiacakhngqun.Tmtrmthng
dnthitmng,v20.000nginhbphhy.LclngcangDimvilclngnhngtncn,gngst,cnhstdobngBnhXuynchng
lngv,tcngkhaihn,ngiPhp,tinhnhmttrnnhgiplctrnnhngngphSiGn.
TrnchinvibngBnhXuynchngtkhphchcangDim.Vlnhttccvoschnhtrcvginhchinthng.Ncngchngt
mtlnchomimirngngDimkhngcnthmchlsnghhihtnhtcavhong.MtvithngsaukhitrithbngBnhXuyn,
vomahnm1955,ngDimtrcxutvuaBoivnglnlmlnhtduynhtcaVitNamCngha.Khngcngiihnbichcdanh
Thtng,ngDimtxnglngingunhnc,TngthngcaVitNamCngha.
TtcnhngdinbinnyxyrachngtvingiM,haychtlLansdale,vicngiPhp"sailmchtngi"nthnokhinh
githpvtnThtngcaVitNamCngha. 19MtbcintncaBNgoigiaoMchoJohnFosterDullescungcpbntmlccll
haynhtvhoncnhmngDimnhnthymnhtrong."Dimthiukinhnghimvlngikhthahip".Hnnang"nhtquytxydng
mtchnhquynkhngthamnhngvhinmnhchosnghipginhlynnclpqucgiachthc".CcnhlmchnhschMcthnhnthy
nhngthiustvcnhncanginngny,nhtnhngngnh,agybcdccang,nhngtrtruthay,"chmtchnhquynthucloi
nhngDimmngtng,vnxngngvishtrcachngtamicnhiuchingvng".VintrcaMchoVitNamCngha
trongnmtikha1955lnti77.500.000Mkim.Mtttrongstindnggipdntnnmttdnghtrchuynmnvgiodc,y
t,vquntrcng.NhngphnlnlgipngDimtranhthsnghcangocngchngvomththngchnhquynkhngCng
sn.Stinvintrsauchctnglnmthi.VnguynthmttrnnhconspsatrthnhnginngmtpchLifetunghl
"NginngCngRnKDiucangNam".20
1 NhngnttiustngquancaDimtrchtTheLastoftheMandarns:DiemofVietnamVQuanCuiCng:DimCaVitNamcaAntoine
Bouscaren,(Pittsburgh,PA:DuquesneUniversityPress,1965)AnneMiller,AndOneforthePeopleVMtNgiCaNhnDn(bnthocha
xutbndatrnnhngcucphngvnviDimvgianh,1955),DouglasPikeCollection,TexasTechUniversity,VirtualVietnamArchive,Box
5,Folder2Miller,"Vision,PowerandAgency"DenisWarner,TheLastConfucian:Vietnam,SoutheastAsiaandtheWestNhNhoCuiCng:Vit
Nam,ngNamVPhngTy(Baltimore:PenguinBooks,1964).
2 Miutvvpxungphitrng,xemMiller,Misalliance,14.
60/138
8/6/2016
3 ViquynschnytichntheocchnichuyncangiMngthigiqucgianmdivtuynmibylNamVitNam,btchp
skinchnhquynNamVitNamchnhthcdngtnVitNamCngha(RVN)chvngthangkimsotvcaiqun.
4 MuchnhtrcaDimviVitMinhtrchtMiller,Ascent,437441.CucnichuyngiaDimvHChMinhcklitrongHiggins,Our
VietnamNightmare,157158,vtrongBernardFall,TheTwoVietnams:APollticaandMilitaryAnalysis(NewYork:FrederickA.Praeger,1963)240.
TnhtitbcrakhinhngcnhcamtoangltCaillouBlanc,74caMadameNhu.
5 Tuynbnm1949cangDimtrongAscent,441caMiller.
6 DuBerrier,BackgroundtoBetraya.
7 EllenJ.Hammer,ADeathinNovember:AmericainVietnamMtCiChtVoThngMiMt:NgiMVitNam,1963(Oxford:Oxford
UniversityPress,1988),6061.
8 Hammer,ADeathinNovember,23.
9 USArmySaigontoDepartmentofArmy,Washington,D.C,23/10/1954.
10 NicmghtmqungcaNhuvsedacaDimiviBoitrchthsmtcaBNgoigiaoHoaK,4thng7nm1954,tSi
Gn,vnkins44207.
11 VtnhbncaVirginiaSpencevHarwood,xemThomasAhern,CIAandtheHouseofNgo:CovertActionlnSouthVietnam,195363,2000,c
phpcngbvonm2009,http://www.scribd.com/doc/57818376/VietnamDeclassifiedDoc1CIAandtheHouseofNGO.
12 BNhukiunychoCharlieMohrtrongsuttmtingphngvnvtiusslccab"QueenBee",trnTime,9thng8,1963,23.
13 VchiclimodoLansdalecmli,xemRobertShaplen,TheLostRevolution:TheStoryofTwentyYearsofNeglectedOpportunitieslnVietnamand
ofAmericasFailuretoFosterDemocracyThereCucCchMngThtBi:CuChuynVHaiMiNmCaNhngCHiBBLVit
NamVSThtBiCaMThcyNnDnCh(NewYork:HarperandRow,1965),103ccuchuyntheolikcachnh
Lansdale,xem"PhngvnEdwarGearyLansdale,1979[phn1chng5]",31thngGing,1979,WGBHMediaLibraryandArchives.
14 Miller,Misalliance,5.
15 Memofortherecord,Gen.JoeCollinscomments4/22/55ELibraryWhiteHouseOfficeOSANSANSCseries,BriengNotesIndochina1954.
16 SHATArchives10H4195,BulletindeReseignements8312,21thng9,1954.
17 MadameNhu,CaillouBlanc"QueenBee",Time,9thng8,1963SHATArchivesBulletin8312.
18 SHATArchives10H4198,VincennesBulletindeReseignements,96,10thng5,1955.
19 EdLansdalevitthchoJamesNach,thkthhaicaisqunHoaK,SiGn,thng6,1972,Box9,EdwardGearyLansdalePapers,
Hoover,InstitutionArchives,StanfordUniversity.
20 JohnOsborne,"Diem,theToughMiracleManofVietnam:AmericasNewlyArrivedVisitorHasRousedHisCountryandRoutedtheRedsDim,
NginngCngRnLThngCaVitNam:VTnKhchCaMLayTinhQuHngVnhTanTcNgiCngsn"Life,13
thng5,1957,156.
Chng9
NHTPHUNHNTRONGDINHCLP
GianhngbNhudnvoDinhcLpvothngTnm1955,nhngkhngcbNhuvbhinvnangHngKng.BNhusngkh
61/138
8/6/2016
thoimi.BctraomtcnphngtrongntuvinCnggio,ckhnhiuthigiantrmtmctngvhctingAnh.Mitrnglai
quenthucvib.HngKnglskthpgiaTrungQucvAnhQuc,vmcdbquenvimtstrnlnvnhakhc,VitvPhp,s
phatrnngTyvntocmgicthnquenvdchu.Ccsncn,cngnhccemhcsinhdthngngoanngonmikhixphngvo
lpvrakhilpudnhmtncibnlnchovkhchthanhlchnggiachng.BNhudnhbuisnghctingAnhvibloanhquanh
nhngkhonhhoahnhvantrongkhuvncatuvin.Nhngbuichiucabtriquamtcchchmchphnvinhnggicngngnvvic
csch.BNhusdngnhnggitnhlngxagianhsuyngmvnhngviclmcabtrongsuthngqua.Nhnggmbxoayx
tcquthtlmtkcng!CucmttinhbngnthnhmtlnsngnghthtsdnhchongDim.Sthhintobolium
bNhubitmnhcthlm,nhngvingikhc,lmtiungngcnhin.Mcdclvinhqupht,theocchnghcabNhu,s
trcxutquaHngKngnychngminhrngscnhhngcabcnhnra.
ClngNhuvbangicondnvoDinhtrongthigianvngvngmtlvngmungngivianhtraihn,hocclnghyvngiu
sgichogianhnganton.Nuvynglm.Trongnhngmutincahnginhmi,mtcuctncnggiamcabngBnh
Xuynvodinhphnhbtibcrmstnhngcasmitrntnghai.Mtmbngnhngnhngvi,la,g,vvatngt
caobamtrixungbQunh,contraibatuicangNhu.Ngnnhchtngttrckhiccuthotvhitnh.
BNhukinhhikhinhnctintc.Nhngchngnhngkhngcoitainnxmchtnginhmtimhaspxyn,bxemvicgianhdn
voDinhlmtbctin.HdntnhngcascchnsongvmitncaBnhvinSaintPierrevnkulppmikhitrimavo
mtdyphngnmcuiisnhdnnphngcavTngthngVitNamCngha.
TrckhingDimdnvovitnthnhDinhcLp,tanhtrtvavngcgilPalaisNorodom,ttheotnqucvngCampuchia
lnggingvxytrnmtilcngtn.DinhcdnglmvnphngvnicavtonquynPhpngDngmtdngNhTrngthc
dnPhp.cthitkbikintrcsngiPhpAchilleAntoineHermitte,ngixydngtathchnhvnggicaHngKng,vhngv
cancchngtvingibnxquynlcvsgiucvcngcaPhpquc.graniteltnnDinhcnhpkhutPhp,cngnh
nhngkhitrngmtchmtrnhnghoavntrangtrmttin.Chnhngmtnngiantrungtmlbngcmthchphncnlic
ltgchvung,mtsnhngbvikhhunhiticaSiGn.DinhchnhchT,vihaidycasvmcongthanhnhdctheomttrc,
nhnrathnhph.tngmtlnhngvnphngvphngtiptnchnhthctnghailnicangiTngthngvnhngcnphngcagia
nhngNhu.PhngtiptnlnvnhngphngkhiuvlinknhaulmthnhchnhnhchTvnhramnhvncylsumsu.
KhibNhutrli,bthymtcnphngmbrtiathch:nhngbcrmnngtruclplivchngitrnginglmtlngv,ga
trigingbnglavimttmmntrngln,thmtrisnp.ccckbnglong.Mtiqungipvicnhsnsngtctrcnh
bnglingaykhinbbn.BNhucthmtoangnhngcnhcakiuPhpnhnrabancngrngvobuisngsmhtthlnginh.Mi
ncaykhngcnsutngyvngvtquacasnhtrcytrongcnhngangmtngcah.Midurnvgng,thtvtili
trongnhbp,chbayratnhngchicaypcphcvtrongphngnvogin.BNhuhiurngttcnhngiunyldomtcigt
ucangDim,anhchngb,thanhnnhngnggpcavchngb.
NhngbNhukhngthyhnhphctrongDinh.Chtlbanu.Bangtmkimnghachnchnhtrongimnh,vbphimtmtthigian
trckhinhnthymtbctinrrng.
TrongvinmuDinh,NgnhDimvchgianhtrcanglmcrtnhiuvic.Mttriudnlnhnncancmin
Nam.Snlnggotngt2,8lnti4,6triutn.Snlngcaosutngt66.000ln79.000tn.Nhngchngtrnhtndngnngnghipv
cicchinaphbnhngninthithcdn,gipngidnutcngscvongrungcamnhvnlcadnghacytrng.
Baquclquantrngchonthnh,haitrngihcmicthnhlp,vsnlnginnngtnggpiynhanhtctithit
62/138
8/6/2016
cnkpsauchnnmchintranhginhclp.Nmmimtxnghipsnxutmicxydng,nhiunhtltrongngnhdt,ngnhm
ngiPhplunlunkimsot.ChiphnhpkhucaminNamVitNamgimhn40triuMkimmtnm,stinngkvimtqucgia
hycnrtngho.NhngttcnhngthnhtunytcdischechcavintrHoaKlnti150triuMkimminmtrongnm
nm,t1955n1960.Consnynghecvnhnutnhtheothigilahinnay,nhnglgn15phntrmngnschvintrcaHoaK
chovicphttrinkinhtvkthutcattcccqucgia.1
TintctSiGncbitngkhchlkhisosnhvinhngthngtinmmcththuthpcviukinsngdichCngsnmin
Bc, vn chu ng l lt v i km trin min. Li khoa trng m nt dn tc ch ngha ca Vit Minh quay ngot v pha t sau Hip nh
Genve,phnnovHNiangnhnsgiptTrungHoacaMao.NhngschuynbinnybaonhiuphndoplctTrungHoavbao
nhiuphndokhnnglnhocaVitMinhcuicngnrbmisvvtrngnlcigkhchnmtngCngsntrongthccht?
cngcquynhnh,nhngngiCngsnphiptanquynlctruynthngcatnglpcaitr.Nhngchindch"ut'thanhtrngkhi
hngngVitMinhmithnhphn"xu"(tcgiaicpthnglu).Dnchngcyucutgicnhnghngxm,thmchccthnhvingia
nh,vtnhhnhnyddngblidngchonhngtrtrth.Cnhngvxtx,hnhquytvmtchngtrnhtiphnphirungtgy
vtanhoang.KhnggingvinhngkhonhtrnglnminNam,rungngminBctnginhhp.Rungtcotheonvgi
lmuminNammtngiphicnmmimuccoilachtrongkhiminBcthchcnnm.Mcchnhlchgiangi
thucgiaicpnyvigiaicpkhcrtnhb,iulmchosphnphilitaitrthnhchuynauungaycvinhnginchquym
nh.Ncngkhinchonhngngihngxmquayrachnginhaungitatmcchhmhilnnhauvnhngmilinhnht.
Nhngvittcnhngdinvnsaysacamnh,ngDimcngkhnglnhomtqucgiatdo.Btkciggingvimtnndnchch
thcnginchlvngoilelotgidi.TheonhngiukhoncaHipnhGenvenm1954,sphnchiaVitNamthnhhaiqucgiaNam
BcviccthlnltlSiGnvHNichltmthi.MtcucTngTuynccdnhsdinravonm1956chaimint
nctithngnhtchngdislnhocamtTngthngcchn.NhngchnhquynVitNamCnghacaNgnhDimtchi
tchcTngtuyncvildorngchnhquynVitNamCnghacaNgnhDimkhngthtskvoHipnhGenvehchc
banchomtavquanstvin,chngDimcngcobucrngnhngngiCngsnkhngckhnngthamgiamtcucbuctrung
thc.KhngchcnhngngiminBcsngdichCngsnimtvivnnyminNamvnlnicanhngdukchquncv
trang,cuVitMinh,nhngngiCngsntrungthnhvrtvobmt,chthiclitridy.ChminNamcmtldotthnna
khngtchcbuc:ngDimsthua.ngkhngcchgcththngcngidndtquniVitNamnhbingiPhpvin
nnclp.HChMinhschinthngmicuctranhchpvlngmnm.
VothngMinm1955,ngNhugiptchcmtcuctrngcudnminNamVitNamchongDimtrutphcuvngBoi
mimi.Trongmtchinthnglongtrilt,ngDimtrtblpvbccamnhnhlThtngcBoibnhimvtrthnhquc
trngchnhthcvTngthngutincaVitNamCngha.Schnhlchhontonpogn6triusovi63.000.Ccbocorrt
nhngimbphiutitlnhngthonedavpbc.Nhngphongb,biuthmtlphiuchongDim,clnvonhngthng
phiudicpmtnhngngigimstcangNhu,vnhngkbttuncnguycbnn.ngDimc98phntrmsphiu,nhng
chinthngSiGncangthmchcngyschn:cons605.025phiucangvtquasctricngkcathnhphnhnmt
phnba.2
BNhucbuvoQuchivongy4thngBanm1956.Bcngvi122thnhvinkhc,huhtlnamgii,nmtrongcquanlpphp
cachnhquynmi.BNhuphnhnvicchyuavochcvnylcab,khngkhngrngmtngincdanhctnbidin
chonhngnndnminBcmbbnhvcmtcch"anhhng",vbchgiucitngrngbtkcigkhcngoinimcmphcthts
thcyvicbuchob. 3Tuyvy,cmtkiumudnhnthynmckhchici.NhngnginmquynkimsotVitNamCngha
hoclthnhvingianhhNghoccquanhvihquahnnhn.
63/138
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ChacabNhu,TrnVnChng,cgiaophtrchlnhvckinhtvtichnhsaungvvcbnhimlmnhngoigiaovc
phinHoaK.ngChnglisVitNamCnghacachngDim,trongkhibChnglquanstvintiLinHipQuccaVit
Nam Cng ha. Ch ca b Nhu ph trch i ngoi, em h ca cha b lm PhTng thng ca ng Dim, v chng ca ch gi b, Nguyn Vn
Chu,lmttrongnhngcvnctncnnhtcangDimtrongmtthigian.ThanhthmicabNhuthmchmbomtchicgh
choemtraicab,ngKhim.Emtraibcnungchiu,baobcvhhngtrongthininthiu,vclvvy,nglmtsinhvinhi
ngoirtt.ngtheohcmttrngParistrongmtthigiannhngbhctrckhilybng,saucngkhnghonttnicclphmthv
ngnhlut.KhingiPhprikhiVitNamnm1954,ngKhimangcmtcucsngphngtngduthduthcmtvngduynhiAlgerie
cngmtngivc.Sithttrongoelmni:acontraimngbChnglunnngniuptrthnhmtnithtvngnvy,v
ngichgiacangcllngilmxoaychuyntnhthbngcchgingtrvVitNamvbnhimlmphtngnvincaDinhTng
thng.KhivtnnhtPhunhnVitNamCnghavytay,ngKhimchynmauchng,blingivcamnhphasau.Vicxoayxc
mtiumngaycmcngkhngthlmthnkhinbNhurtlylmthamn.
Bncnhbnchtgianhtr,chhNgcnphnbitixvinhngngikhngCnggio.Thnhkinnycthcgiithchhplt
bicnhcanhngnmthngtuitrcngngThinChagiocungcpchongDimvNhumtkhictrichngCngnhitthnhnhng
anhemhNgynitichccoan.CnhngcuchuynvnhngngicisangoCnggiochtranhthsnghchnhtrv
cthngtin.RogiuxungquanhviccthnhvingianhvnhngtnCnggiocngkhuynhhngngnghavichnyangt
cchlynkhinhngngicquanimthtskhcbit.NhngisngchnhtrVitNamlunlnhvymtchngmcno.Nhiuth
ktriquannqunchVitvscaitrcathcdnPhplimtdisnchnhtrcoitrngstunphc,vdithiDim,strungthnhtrit
vimttduycnhtcngccngc.Cmtthchnsugianhngchnhtrgiarngsbtnghocxaringuyntrng,thmch
lvicpdngsngkin,anrirochosnghip.NhngcvnMminNamVitNamgyplcviDimmcachnhquynca
ngvtoramtmitrnganguynchnhtr,nhngDimctuyt.Cqunhiuthnhmt.Cuchnhtrnhnvinndnchsl
mthnhtrnhbtbucvcmlng.Chnincnsnnhtrckhincthxydngmtnhncmnhm.BNhubinlunnhng
khuynhhnghphicanhhNgvikgingicDenisWarner,khigiithch,"Nuchngtimtoangcas,khngchcnhmttri,m
nhiuthtitcngsbayvo".
MtsbtdunghachthcsmnibtlngiahnhnhngDimnhmtconngiocchnhtrcvbukhngkhshibtu
trnngpkhpSiGn.Nhngngikhnghptcvichbbtmingbngcchnyhaycchkhc.Hcthbgiixa,tinhngvng
thnCngsnxaxiholnh,nihcthbgithi.Hcthbcnhstchmbtbvnhphocbgiamcmnkhihccbihc
camnh.Nhngtinnvstratnvbtlantruynkhpni.NgitakhngngtthmthbntnvcitncaemtraingDim:Ngnh
Nhu.
JohnPhm,vscangDim,xcnhnnhiuntthnhthincmttrongtiuscangDim.NgiTngthngcmtcucsngkh
hnhnhthytu.NhngcnphngringcangtrntnghaitacDinhcaPhpcsngtrtri,vgingngcanglmtchicmrm.
Chngcanglinkvnphng,ningtriquahuhtthigiankhithc.cbaogmmtchicbncphtrnbnggvmtchicgh
damnvt.ngDimntibngiytrongkhilmvicquanhngbasng,tra,vti.Vobuisngngungcphvingvthngn
chovickho(cnh).4Nhngbatravticangcngrtngin,gmcmvrauci,ththeobachrn,hocmtloicno.trng
ming,ngdnghaitribpving.ngDimcnhngsthchgindngngnnhcngmtthcntrongmingyvichmncthay
i.ngkhngungruvanghaywhisky,chctrnng,nhngnghtthuclintc,vattiunylitiukhc.ngDimbpbptng
hingnvchchotnthucdiratrckhiryvogt.nghtnhiunnhngngntaymkhivngch.
ngDimnmtmnhtronghuhtthigiannhngbanvgicngcangrtthtthngvgigiclmviccang.ikhingnhnncho
64/138
8/6/2016
n4gisng.Tchcamnh,ngcthkomtcichungginhbp.Haihocbangihucphncngtctrcsutngym,
nhngnglunlunrtrnglngvinhngngilmvicchomnh.JohnkvitirngngDimthmchdngtinlngcamnhchocc
nndngiphnnhcucsng.
Lngitnhincucichoqucgia,ngDimkhngcthgichonhngmiquanhcnhnbnngoigianhmnh.nglnginng
cthn,nhngtnyngmtlisngthnhthivtlvnhontonkhngctrongtnhcchcangiTngthngVitNamCngha.S
quynluyncnhnduynhtcanglvikhuvn.Saukhilmvic,ngDimstnbquanhngmnhvntccaDinh.Khinhngchc
scngoiqucthmving,mangtheotricyvnhngthcaolngmvnhmtmnqutxsh,ngDimdnhphnngonchonhng
vscamnhngchkuhalihtngtrngchngtrongkhuvncamnh.
NgiphnduynhtngiTngthnggpgthngxuynsngcchngcmtvicnhca:vemtraing,bNhu.Cmttinnrngkhicn
tr,ngDimnhhnvimtcgiqunhngoiHunhngmichuynchmdtkhingquytnhtheouihotngchnhtrthayv
cucsnggianh.ChnhtrlmttrchinguyhimdithiPhpthuc,nhngdngnhvnlmtldokmthuytphckhnglyv.
ChnhvnphngcangDimnghrngngiTngthngchabaogicccmiquanhgiitnh,vmtbctiusslcnm1955cang
DimtrntpchTimechohayrngng"clithsngtrinhbchtlu".SmttnhcchngDiml"nhtnht"v"khngthoimi"khi
viphncthxuikhinvchnhvnphngcangtitlrngngiTngthngthchgi"nhngnginnganhnxungquanhng"thay
vphn.5
SthtvnlngDimcnmtngiachgipngtrongccnghavxgiao,mtngivisduyndngtronggiaotvmtncixinh
xn.ngDimcthlachnmttrongnhngemgihocvcaccanhhayemtraing.NhngngchnbNhu.
Blngiquanhrngri,xinhp,vthngminh,nhngquantrnghnht,bcsn.ClbNhulunlundnhktquny.V
gianhngbNhusngtrongDinh,cvnhliukhnngoankhigichovcaemtrainglunbnrn.Vchnhvnphngngi
nhnxtrngngDimthchcnhngnginngintrailmvicchomnh,mtmiquanhcangDimvibNhulkhthoimi:
"Bduyndng,nichuynving,lmngvibtcngthng,tranhlunving,chmchcngvnhmtngivVitNam,bqunxuyn
mivictronggianh".ngvmiquanhcaTngthngDimvibNhugingnhgiaHitlervEvaBraunvy.6
VsJohnPhmkhngng.ngkvitirngngDimkhnghontonthchbNhu.ngnghcemducamnh"trngnhmtquc
nngbng,quhunhhoang".MiiuvtnhcchphtrngcabutringcvibntnhtrmlngcangDim,nhngngvnkinnhn
chungb.ngnhnrarngngmcncuemNhuvtnhcchthctchnhtrcangvviclmnhngiucnphilmnhngcth
phnghitinhngchunmcockhtkhecang.TheoquanimcaJohnPhm,ngDimkhngnitocnhnggkhnghayvbNhu
vngkhngmungyphinhchoemtraimnh.
JohnnhlivimtncivcilnngnhnthyngDimkhngthdnlng.lvothngMinm1956.Mttmhnhspsacchp
trcDinhvittcnhngthnhvincachnhph.Ngithchpnhmtnhiuthigiancnchnhmithuvo,vbnthnssp
xpnhngngingxungquanhTngthnglcmtsthnglngchnhtr.Mithtronghoncnhngyhmrticngthng.BNhu
thymingibxaolngtmtrvlidngkhonhkhcny.BrnrnilntnghaicaDinhvngvomttrongnhngcas,xoayx
lmsaoltcvokhunghnh.KhitmhnhcravachovTngthngxem,ngDimintit.
Khitihiliucphibykhngxngcxuthintrongkhunghnh,Johntrngcvbiri."Bylunmunqunhiu,qunhanh",ng
nivimtcilcu.
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McdvnbbavybisuchnhtrvnhngthchthctbngBnhXuynvnhnggiophitngio,ngDimvchmicang
lnhngcccngcathgiichngcngtdo.Hiutheonghanhvy,hcmtthdinngoigiaortcaogngi.Dinhdinranhng
ba tic ti v l tip tn bt tn, bao gm nhng ba tic chiu i cp nh nc phc tp dnh cho cc nh ngoi giao n ving thm. Nhng
khonhvntrongcngvinngsauDinhtreonkthoa,vnhngliilunglinhbinhnglngngiy.Saukhinhngvkhchmiihtcon
dcidnvosnhng,bNhuchonhvimtnciduyndngvchabntayeogngthonth.TingnhcVittruynthngv
nhngchiclylanhcanhhatheokhibsnhbcvingDimquanhphng,halnvogiaccthnhvincangoigiaoonvdnglitn
guviccvkhchdanhdtrckhingivochicghbchticythanhthvccknibttibnnbitrtrangnh.
BthchinngaylptcnhngbnphncamtnhtPhunhn,nhmnhngtrngtiuhcmi,tchcnhngcuctrinlmhoa,v
vingthmcctrimcikhpminNam.BNhuspxpmtbaticchiuikhngltiDinhchohn1.000hcsinhvichudukhpth
giitrongsmnhngoigiao.TimtbatictidnhchogianhNhuRangooncchiuibiThtngMinin,btnguviv
canhlnho,bUNu,vnimsaymccloihoa.KhibNhusnsngrikhiRangoontrnmtchuynckhnglcVitNambayvli
SiGn,hnhnthytrnmybaymtmnqucbittvnchnhn:mtcyhoagiyBurmaangtrnhiuhoatrngdnhchobNhub
trngtrongvn. 7BoNha,TyBanNha,Php,vo,bcidincanhnghiphnchon.BNhuthmchbngcchno
gicuctrchuynvivibiuNgatiLinminhNghvinThgiikhihphthintngngignnhauBrazil.VibiungiNga,b
Lebedeva,lmtphnchcnchcbitnvicchxslmng,nhngbNhucunhtbtavomtcuctranhlunPhpvnhucu
kinhtcasutncngoi.VWashington,D.C,nhnmtchuynvingthmbnchnhthccngchngvothngBanm1957,bNhu
cmintraThngvin.Bquanstnhngthngnghstranhginhnhaumtchngitttibnvnhnxtvingingistbnvci
vccktrconcanghithcbatrany.VchnhkhchngheclibnhluncabvcixalmtthngnghstrtMassachusetts,
JohnF.Kennedy.
NhnvinCIAhtngngbNhu,ngibnccah,PaulHarwood,nhlirngbNhugymttvtduynhttrongmtchuyningra
rtthnhcng.B"chchnsaysa"giabaocpmtchcaAllenDullesvnhngnhnstBNgoigiaovQucphngtrongmtba
tictichiuitiCulcbAlibi,mtnginhgchbatngcchNhTrngvikhinh.Tcchthnhvinyvngiihntrongthnhphn
tinhtynhtnmmingiquynlcnhtWashingtonvnhngthnhvinmichcnhnvosaukhimtthnhvinccht.ClbNhu
saysaqutrnvithanhthcamnh,vlchngbkhnghilngvib.ngkhngvuivisphbyvyukiu,duyndng,vs
thng tho tingAnh ca v. B l ngi sao ca bui ti v ng Nhu t hn coi l chuyn nhm vo c nhn ng.Theo quan im ca
Harwood,b"khngphilvn,mlmtchuyngitgn".8
ngNhucvnhnghingtheoquanimcanhngngichtrchvmnh.NhngngikhngthchbNhunirngbanglidngsxa
lviphncangDim.Vythcncncnonangphingheb?Bcthlmchobngcphpphngvxcng.Bcthlng
nheo.NgnngthnthcabhiuquivingiTngthng,hni,hncmtkhovkh.Bcnhngphngchckhctynghisdng
mngkhngbitphiiphcchno,nhnhngcnhndivvuiginthtthng.ngthihbuctiblidngsntnhcamnhnh
mtthanhgmbn,hnibcngcthdngnnhmtchickhingtnhngluniuchorngbmilnginngchthctrong
gianh.
BNhuhccchnhnvaicoikhinhssoimi.Bcnhngchuynhayhnlm,thayvlolngngikhcnghgvb.Bangdclngto
dngchomnhmtvaitrtrongchnhquyn,mtvaitrhncviccphcvnhmtnchnhnxinhp.
NhngngiCngsnVitNamtmmicchkhidythcchnhtrningii,hahnvihrnghcmtmcchvnhcnhhv
vicxhiphongkincxa,chaninxhithcdn,ngcihnhthno.Hcngchophnnhngcngvicthtslm.S
nghipCngsncoitrngsnggpcahvmrnglihavsbnhngmtlhngtoanghoctrongnhngdinvnkhoatrngcch
66/138
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mngcaanhemhNg.NhngncnbtintheosnghipCngsnvoraccngilngmtcchddng,tuyntruyngianihpchnh
thhchnginangtnchuyntmphovibnbhayangmuavchobangianh.Trnthcthangkchhotmtmnglib
binh.NhngngiphnnylchuicungngcacimvsaustrthnhMttrnGiiphngDntc.HcginghincuvVitNamDouglas
Pikehontonthhinsknhtrngkhingginhngngiphnnyl"nhngcontrucacuccchmng".9
BNhuquytnhntrchnhimuatranhvinhngstinbmaulmnhngngiCngsnangthchinchongiphn.Nuhgii
phngphn,bcngslmvy.BNhuchcmtldoduynhttcoimnhlmtchuyngiavchny:bcnglmtphn.Bsku
ginhngngigingnhmnhchungtayhnhng.Nhngvncablichnhimny.BNhukhngbaogilmtphnVitNamin
hnh.BnitingPhptibnnvdoquanhthnhphtrongmtchicxehictixring.ChuynibcngpbingiCngsnquavng
nngthnlmtsgiankhghgmivib,nnbnginkhngthschianhngkinhnghimcanhngngiphngnhchuqu
nhiunibtcngdichthcdnvqunhiuaukhtrongnhngthpninikmvchintranhtrc.
BNhutuyvyvnnlc.BdngcngvibiuQuchihavi"ccchem"rngbschmscchoh.Bslmchotingnicah
cnghethyvbovh.VothngMinm1957,bNhuarablutGianh.KhichiulcvothngSunm1958,ntrangoi
vngphpluttclathvviclyvl.Ncngchophnquynkimsottichnhcahsauhnnhnhcthmtikhonngnhng,
shucaci,vthaktisn.NhngtingcunhutmtvithngnghsnamngnghipcabNhuliucchi.Hninhng
quynminydnhchophnlqunhiuvqusm.Sc"schnlcludi"tinhiuiukhonkhcnhaucadlut.BNhunugi
thuytlnhngvnamngnghipcabsdchngliblutnylvhmungilinhngththipcamnh,vctinnrngbgiv
ChtchQuchil"conln".Cmtlcngitaaranghtrhonblutcxut,nhngkhngaickhnngchngibNhu
lu.KhibkhnkhonyucungDim,ngdngtcchTngthnggyplclncquanlpphp,vLutGianhcphchunvi
chmtibiuduynhtchngli.10CvnhiasdnchngVitNamhoannghnhmtphpchcithinthnphnngiphntrongB
lutngoitrmtiu.BlutcabNhucngcmlyd.Mcnhnykhinchotonthblutbnhiungiphphnvl,nhmtngi
hngchuynngilimchbtchtnhtSiGnbitr,bNhucmtcuchuynringtquantrngtrongvnny.
ChcabNhu,LChi,sngtrongmtcuchnnhnkhngtnhyu.
ChamcablachnNguynHuChu,mtlutstranglnlmvicchongChngHNi,lmchngb.ivchngtrkthn
nmmibytui.NhngscngtcvingiNhtcangChngysnghipngiconrmicangvonguyhimtntivmt
nghnghip,anhtaphilnlttrongcnhtmti.PhichngLChibcbivivicemgibccuchnnhntthn?ngNhu,nguyn
lqunththvin,giylngiiuhnhqucgiatrnthct.BNhumbosaochomihhngcabucvtrtrongchnhquyn
mi. ng Chu gi y ang cm ci son tho lut php cho ch mi, tip nhn mnh lnh t c em gi ca L Chi.Thay cho lng bit n v
chngcchiuc,LChicmthyphnnvbblmlum.Cllldovsaobtnlcnvytrongvicgibmtchuynngoi
tnhcamnh.
TnhnhncaLChilmtnginngPhp,mtthsnthrngtnEtienneOggeri,ngigitnhiuvoivngcaonguynVitNamly
ng,cngnhlnhiuhvmin,mtloibrngnngnngNam.NgaykhibtugpngiphngTy,LChithayivngoica
mnh.Bdngsonmisngmuvnhphnmmtmutrnglmchoimttrngtohn.Vthayvvntctheomtcanhngqub
trongxhiSiGn,bxathnhmtmitcthng,di,vmtm.TheobNhu,lmthnhxngxuhvkhngthchpnhn
tmtngithncnviDinhTngthngnnhvy.
iCatinatngaylptckhaithccuchuyn.khngphimtiphtthanhthtsmchlcchnigiuctvnhngtrnhuynthuyn
khngngtlantruynkhpSiGn.NhnglinirlntrongnhngnhhngvqunbartrnngCatinatctrongmtchpmtchng
67/138
8/6/2016
truynsangnhiuitai,imi,khinhngkngilimchdichuyntghnysangghkhctrongquybar.BNhuvgianhblmt
ticathch.CvnhmingiuakinvvicliubNhucngvingDimkhng.Mtsnugithuytrngbgingmca
mnhhn,chuynmichinhngngiMmhnhnhbtthnhlnhhindinkhpni.Hchavostinvintrangvonhngktbc
caVitNamCnghanhlbngchngrngnhngnhuxcthtcabcnb.Thmchcncmtcuchuynrngmtvtnglnh
trtuitnglmttrongnhngnhntnhcabNhunkhivanhtaphtgicravbnbNhutrngchaicnhtay.Dngnhkhngcai
bntmtichuynbNhukhnghcvtbngbno.
Thotu,DinhTngthngcgngchnngnhngchuynngilimch.Hngnhngthngcotrnbochvcngkhaiphnhnmi
cobuctthamnhngchotinhngmitnhtayba.11NhngbNhukhngthlmngnglinhnglini.BthanthviuviCharlie
Mohr ca tp chTime: "Nu mt ngi n ng c thng chc v anh ta khng qu xu trai, ngi ta lin ni, Mt g c b Nhu che ch.'"
Nhngvicthanhminhchotnglinondngnhchlmthibngthmngnla,vvyvchngbNhudngli.BNhutdnmnhkhng
quantm.
NhngmbngbongviLChilmtvnthcsivibNhu.BcthbtlolngichttnuchbkhngtuynbEtienneOggeri
khngchlmtcucvuithongqua.LChikhngnhngtaltnhyucaib.Chngb,tnglmtthnhvinctrngvngtrongnhm
gitdycachnhquyn,mtttcuytnvlngttrngbtcbminhhng,ngbgingcplmmtcngchcbnhthng. 12Gi
yngmunmtvlyd,viutramtmiedangChubitqunhiuvnhnghotngtrongngchnhtrcangNhu,cch
thcnvnhnh,vnctitrrasao.NgitakhonhaulinonrngbNhumuncmviclydngnngChuninhngiuc
hichogianh.
Tuynhin,cngchngkhngbitrngcuchnnhncabNhuangnhirnnt.Vingibngquan,vchngbNhulmtcpiquyn
lcghgm,nhngnithtvngcnhncabNhuthmmnhngtrangnhtkmbbtuvittnm1959.
TitiquynnhtkvothngTmnm2012,khiJamesVnThch,mtiyvhucaqunlcHoaK,btlinlcviti.ngtrctui
ti,sngBronx,vtmthytiquaGooglesearch.Gingnhti,JamesquantmnlchschintranhVitNam,nhtlcuchuynvb
Nhu.
TihoinghikhiJamesnivitirnganhcquynnhtkcabNhu.Vicmtquynnhtknmmituigiyxuthintrongtaymt
cuiyqunlcHoaKbamisutuiNewYorkcv,ch,hilthng.Hnna,bchabaogicpvn.
TuyvytivnnnhsongthncaJamesQueens.lmtnginhphcmttinphngvilpvangoimunukhcl.CnboSandy
qutquavnglncnhaituntrcnhngchlmthithicbacyxanhy.Nhngmngivnangngoitridndpngngn
ngang.ChacaJamesukhngthykhitibcvoca.LmtcuqunnhnM,giytuibttun,ngchaichuyninVit
Nam,ninggpmcaJames.Btrhnng,chmiquatuisumi.Bthtsbccchqungxungnhngbctamcpgpti
nhngrngmnhnlnhkhigilunquanhngkhehchicolenmngmanhcab.BcaohnhuhtphnVitNammtciu,vimitc
endixaxungvai.Nhngmngtaycabcsnpht,vimicong,mmminhvlinhngngntbndichicolenditay.
Hicnthiun,btnglmtvnngvinnhycaotrongiOlympicVitNamCnghatrckhibriVitNamnm1974.Bivang
lc.MinNamthtthtrcminBckhngymtnmsaukhibrai,vphimtmtthpninlmgiyttrckhibcthbolnh
nhngthnhvinkhctronggianhvahrii.
Jameskhng,hockhngth,giithchnhiuvviclmthnoanhcquynnhtk,nhngncglinquannnhngthnhvintrong
gianhphcvtronglclngcnhstVitNamCnghanm1963.Jameslcu,tchikbtkchititchnhxcnohnvitingoi
68/138
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cu"Tintuitrngthnh,vticquynnhtk".Tikhngchcliulanhtasmuvorcrikhichotibitnianhtmcquyn
nhtkhaychdocngthngmthi.Jameskvitirngviccntrongtaykhinanhbnchnbtan:"Cnhthtimangtmbiamc
tiutrnlngmnh".AnhkhngccnnvitbngtingPhpnhnganhhyvngtischoanhbitnhngtrangvitnig.
TithtkhmtngtngcJamescthsstbtkcig.Anhcmtdngdpnhbinhmnhm,vichiucaol,88mvcuncunc
bp,nhngnhnglnbthngIraqvAfghanistankhinanhbtnttsuti.Anhbhnhhbinhngcnaunauvmttrnhngn
hndochnthngsno,btnthngdythnkinh,vriloncngthngsausangchn.Btchpnhngiu,Jamescvtrntrhyvng
votnglai.Nhngkhontintlnghuvtrcptnttscginhngthngvanhcthxoaysntha.Jameslichicxeti
MercedesmutrngvmangmtchiccpdaLouisVuittonbntaykhngcmgy.Anhamnmttimxoabpgnbnvmtnivmt
chuynisptivVitNamcngdanhgpgmtcemhxa:cychmimiby,nhngnhngvicnhthnythttphilmvl
cchthctruynthngVitNam,anhgiithch.
JameschophptixemltquaquynnhtktimtquncphStarbuckstrnilJamaica.Nccchng13X18cm,kchchonho
tnhanhvongnkobnsaukhighiidngtrongngyvnhnhtvodithtlngbngphcalnrangoiDinh.Giycctng
vngdothigiantothnhbatrcvbasau,cbuclibimtbngvimmilnltsangtrangmilinnhmunrtkhigysch.Nt
chthonghingsangphichonybatrmtranggiybngthmcvitmymunu,mcbtbixanh,vichlbtch.Mtvimctrng
nhcvitbngbtchsp,loimmtidngnhdukhuvcab.Nhngttcuhontonkhpvintchvittayca
bNhu.chochc,tikimtrachonhngthiim,nichnnhtnhmtibitb,nhngsvicvnhngngimtibitb
gp.ngNhu,ngDim,vccconlnhngnhnvtchnhtrongcuchuyncabNhuktthngGingnm1959chonmccuicngvo
thngSunm1963.Quynnhtknycab,tichcchn.
QuynnhtknythnlnibNhutrtnilngmkhngphiimtvischtrchhocplcsngtheonhngkvng.Bthnvo
thikpnhtimnhkhibkhisquynnhtknhmtnhtPhunhn.Lngimtrquynrvxinhpcabaacon,btmthy
sthoimitronghuhtnhngsvicthngnht.BNhuyunhngbphimHollywoodvtiuthuytNga.Bthchinghlviccconmin
binvminni.Bsbginuabscucitriqualnhlng.Vtrongnhngtrangvitnguchngoc,blnibthnhcacucsnglm
vngNhu.
BNhuhyvngnhngvnhnnhngiahsttlnmtkhihsngvinhautrongDinh.Lnutintrongcuchnnhncamnh,b
cthchichngvnh.nglmvicctlcaanhtraivoDinhTngthng,vbNhucmthybchngtgitrbnthnvi
chicghtrongQuchivvitcchbchnhcangDim.Bchimithkhcbtngunt:shtrvtnhcm,tnhyuxctht,
rngngNhusbthuclvttvib.Nhngiukhngn,cnhngcuccivhungbovnhngcnhcangsm.BNhu
chnngnvicphingoanngonchichng,bnivlngkhngbaogigi.Thotubkhngthhiutisao.Bhycntrtrungvxinh
p.ngNhuthnqugithchthviiu,bvit.Banu,bhnhnhthythngxtngsthiuquantmntnhdccangl
mtmtmtcasginua.Nhngtrongnhngmckhc,bNhubytnibuntichobnthnmnhbbgnvoimtlogibtlcvphi
nghranhngphngcchlmdubt"ngnlahammun"hnghcthiut.CmtbngchngsinhhcchothyngNhugngibt
ramtln,vbNhulimangthainm1959,nhngiudngnhlmtngoiltrongcucsngcnythtvngcab.KhibNhu
mangthaiacontthngthby,bphthinrangNhurtcucvncththcdyhammuntnhdc,nhnglbiaikhc.
BNhumiutchititcuctranhcigiahkhibichtvingNhuvtingoitnhcang.Bnixungthinving,khngvtingoitnh
chobngviclmiuvimtk"thtc"v"hnh"nnhvy.BNhukhngbaogivittncgitrongquynnhtk,chcpnc
bngt"k".
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ngNhubinhchongvngiyu:Cgiydudngvttbng,v"khnghnhchphitingho",vhnthna,ckhngcg
gingvivng,v"blmtis",ngni.Cucchintiptheothtkhclit,nhngnktthc,vingysau,vimtghichplnhlo.BNhuv
chngbngrngcuchnnhncahstthnnhiukhihcchmtnhaunhiuhn.
BNhuthymnhnmthaothctrnging,cnnnhnggitncmt.Nginngllngnysngviaisauctay?Tnhyunhtrn
phimnh,tnhyunhnhnggbcthytrongnhngquynsch,schngbaoginvib.cuvncuchnnhnny,bsphidng
givnhntngkhhnth.BNhunghbcthtribucngNhuvituitr,scp,sduyndngxgiaocab,haythmchvivic
blmcaccconh,nhngbgnnhlkvhnhivingtrongDinhTngthng.Thtsthkhnghccinguycrngngsribb
ngqusngovbthskhngrikhing.Vtrcangngsaungaivngmbosantonchob,choccconvgianhmrng
cah.Khngcng,bcnlcig?
Trongbicnh,lnhcmlydcabNhucvngtrch.Bkhngmunngichcamnhthotrakhimtcuchnnhnbthnhnubn
thnbbmckttrong.MtcuchuynctitlrngsaukhiLChinghenivlutnyblixenDinhvictaybct.BNhutchi
gpbchuyncnlmlmri,bni.LChichyxngxcvoDinh,nhmuxungkhpnnsnlt.BNhusailnhbovDinhach
nbnhvinvgiamgib.
BNhukhngvitvnlctstcachbtrongquynnhtk,nhngbququytrngblmnhnggphilmbovchmnh.V
Tngthngcaqucgiakhngthbdnhlunmtvtaitingnhth.Vsau,chcabNhuklivicckgiccskintheocchnhn
camnh.Nmcnhstchmnmcnhbovbnhvincanhgcbnngoicaphngbsutngym.Bvitmtbcintnchom
vthuytphcmtytthngcmlnanrangoibnhvin.MbtHoaKtrvgiicuLChivlidngvicblmcabNhu
bcbmuncanhtPhunhngiamcmLChitrongphng.Cvnhnhngngilnhcanhcmng,hocclhthtslng
tng,mcchongibnhcarakhicabnhvin.
Btlunnhngskingngsaucuchuynny,chicmyphaotinnSiGnkhngngnglmvicngymnhngvnbstnhngdu
hiuvmtcuchnnhnbthnhtrongDinhTngthng.ThayvvyngitasuyxtvicliubLChibtnggiamhaytrongbnhvin?C
phibChngbayvtWashingtonlnaccongilncabrakhitnc?PhichngbNhuthtsnivichmnh,vihaic
tayvnangbbngb,"Tichcmthiticduynhtlchkhngtstthnhcng"?
DinhTngthngcgnglmchottcchuyntrivoqunlng.McdlmtcvngiitrongnhmgitdycangDim,chngbL
Chivnbuii,nParis.EtienneOggerinhiunmsauxutbnmthikkhngnhrngbNhusaiaitimvirtdchtvongi
ng.ClliubNhumunnikhibvitrngblmnhnggphilm.
OggeritriquamtthigiantrongnhtVitNamCnghatrckhicdnvPhp,vtngtheochnchbNhunM.Nm
1963,TngthngDimvncnthanphinvLChingsbta"anghnhxnhmtconimWashington","gytaitingGeorgetown",v
"thmchvvpnhngthytu".Nhngngkhngbitgvtnhyuchthccab.LChilynginngPhp,vmcchociktcc
khngkhipxyravinhngthnhvingianhcnlicab,vchngbvnsnghnhphcbnnhauBcCarolinavothiimnhng
dngnycvit.13
VivicngChubtrcxutnParisvLChidngthngM,xcnganvvlydrtcucchmxungynng,vLutGianh
vnkhngbsuysuyn.ngvmtlutphp,phnNamVitNamccngnhngquynnhnng.Phncsbnhngvichng,cha,
vanh.NhngtrongDinhthkhng.BNhuvncmthybthnhmtcchsusc.Nhngcnphngmngingikhngngtchyrachy
vo,vnhngtmtrncaovkchthcscngkhuchinhngtingn.Chngcmysthanhbnhbntrong,nhngvibNhu,vicbc
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8/6/2016
rangoiSiGnangtrnnngymtkhkhn.BkhngthchcnkhocbtmvibitiCercleSportifvinhngphunhnkhctrong
chnhgiibcngkhngthchibihocnichuynphimvibnb.
EdwardLansdale,squantnhboMphttrinmtmiquanhrtttpvingDimvNhu,nhnthytnhcnhcabNhutrongbikch
caDinhTngthng:
Bbitttcnhngthixgiaocnccamtnchnhntrongmtnginhgiucvvnha.Vvybcototrthnhmt
phunhnthanhnhbitcchmimckhchkhavginhngcuctrchuynbnbnn,cthtiukhinbncynpianovsngcucsng
yntquytrthanhbnh.Blymtnginngtrngnhthyslcucidnhchong...Bbcvomtcnphngtrongdinhni
mingittpvhiliucaithchnghebchidngcmgiacuchihpkhng.Chngbthbnbuvianhtrai,cmtchuynkhngkhip
noangdinra,cthcnhngloilnhtrngnochyxngxcvovinhngvnhtrngvcthlmttingchungbongrng
DinhTngthngspbnhbomhaymtcigrtkhclitangxyra,mtiugrtkhnghpviccquc.Vnhngnginngs
nikhng,gichcnchngtimtmnh.Vylbkhngthsmvaitrchthcmbcotochocucsngsauny.14
SddnghnivibNhukhibhontonxacchDinhTngthng.Mikhicth,btrntrnhvminsnccLtvmmngvmt
nginhtrnqubsxy,nibcthbitrongbbicamnh,tnbtrongkhurngcamnh,tmcsnnuvtnhmchmikhi
cn.angkhigicmvncxydngvcnmtnhiunmna,bNhutndngmtngibitthPhpnhnrabbinNhaTrang.Cc
conbcthchychntrntrnbbin,nginvisng,vhccuc.
Saunhngtrvui,chngchylimm,bhtngimihngcachng.Chngmangmicancbinvmhivmtcigngtngo,cth
lnhngqudatrnbbi,hocclchlmicatrth.NlmtcigcucsngSiGnkhngchohnmtriquthngxuyn.
iuduynhtbNhuvchngcthngtnhlmiquantmchungcahdnhchocccon.LnlntrongDinh,"viqunhiukhungih
vkhngcbnchicng",lmttuithkquc,tuithmhlolngslinhngtcngludichoccconcah.15
LThysngdnhngnghimngh.iukhinccvchngchchn,bunbhnldngvcamtcbmibannc.Ccemtraicl
cmtvnnangii.TrcnhtnhtvdttrngnhncuvoemtraiQunhvchcthngnhkhc.NhngQunh,bNhunhnxt,
vndthng,chyuitheoanhtraivnixincch,kciundihnhthccamtsngci.Bcnichuynvihaia
contrai,cthihnhklutviTrc,vckhuynQunhbittbovmnh,nhngnhngghaiacontraicnlcbnchanhiuhn.
Chngthmchkhngbitchngangnhng.ngNhuvngmthuhtthigiansaukhicccontraichoiLt.ngliraikhigia
nhlnutinnsngSiGn.Vgiythnglunlunvngbng,ivminnngthn,thmvingccanhem,hoclmvictrongvn
phngcaminh.thgin,ngliraisnbnhayithmtnhnhncang,"".Chngbaolusauhcmtembna,acon
tht,chmscvlolng.MtchthyvngtrongbNhumchborngacontny,choivomtthiimtrngyunhvytronglch
squcgiavtronglchsgianhhcththayimichuyn.Vclmtkhivicsinhnnyxongxui,bNhusthmtcchkhcthu
htschcachng,mtcchdavouchnlscpcab.
Vo thng By nm 1959, b Nhu h sinh a con t. l mt b gi, v b gi ny, L Quyn, trng rt ging cha. H c cng mt i mt
nghingxungvcngmtncichnhchch.BNhuchoccongitmcngnvtokiutcnhmtcuthng.Nhngbquno
tomboynhnhnnyttnhinldxoayxhnnhngmvyvnconbmykiucch,vchnglmnibtsgingnhaucaabvi
cha.ngNhudngnhvnkhngch.Gnnhhngm,ngnginni,"Tiphilmvic",vychicghxakhibnn,bungia
tavovnhchncmtrnnhngmingthcndangd.
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ngNhuicuthangxoncxungmttngvtriquanhiugitrongvnphngvicnhcangimm.Tsnlntitrntrnngpschvv
giyt.ikhingbnbcvianhtrai,nhngngNhukhngchxunglmvicngkimchhtthuc.BNhuhithcngbthuc
trongnhiunm.Bcmghtmikhithuclungy.Nlmhihmhith,tc,vkhngkhxungquanhng.Ngaycnhngngntayngcng
vng.Bthmmmngkhchl,saulnhnhngtruchc.KhihchuynvoDinh,sphnicabtrnnkinquyt.Dinhrng
ngcthtmcchnungchiuthiquencamnh.Bkhngchophpnghtthuctrnlutrongchsinhhotringtcah.ngNhutun
theonhngkhngtb.ngdmdihtsaochobNhukhngthnigingaygtvingvphvquytccab,nhngngvnthhinr
rngnhngphptccabskhnglmthayithiquencang.Cuinhngbuichiutrongvnphng,ngNhustrtcgttnyvomt
phongbvanchobovib.BNhukhngthlmgnhiuvchuyn.
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llc3gisngngy11thngMiMt,nm1960,khinhngtingpholpbptxanhthcbNhu.mthanhnghehoanhmtcchlk,
gingnhtingphohoahoctingkhuismbanh,khngrlmvnhycnxaqu.Bagisau,tingnanhgincasngtrngxtano
tngrngychngphilmtchuynnghimtrngchtngi.SautintctrnvoDinhnirnghaichutrainhhNg,cccontraicaem
gih,bbncht.Nhngconngngaybnngoicngththnlon.BNhudtdunhngatrgiuditnghmDinhTngthng.
ngDimvngNhucbochobittnhhnh.Batiuonlnhdlmphn,cdnubimtnhmqunnhnvdnsonhn
chngycngsusc.Hchnngnchnghagianhtr.Hphtmvivicgianhcaitrnylunlunngvch.Nhngngilnh
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8/6/2016
dchimcctrungtmchnhphthenchtSiGnvbygianglnkhochtncngvoDinh.
CcanhemhNgcckbnghong.HbnbctrongvnphngngDimvinhngbpyjamavncntrnngi.ChcHiqunVitNam
CnghaSiGncntrungthnhnhiuaimqunsthenchtnmtrongtaybnphinlon.Haimitmthngdnbgit.Mt
nhmchyulthanhnintraitrngttpbnngoicngvolcrngng.Hkhngctnhcmcbitdnhchophanohchnginhiu
kvnhnggangxyravaisthng.Cnhstcngchngngvbnno,chlmmivichngdndnggiaothngvnangbnhthng
mtcchkquirakhilngiaotranh.iuintitnhtvianhemhNggiacnhbaovynylsthiuphnngtphaM.Ccngminh
lrakhngtratrunglpnhvy.ngDimvngNhuangtnhncthoilui.
Mtngihusunchylnlubocodinbinmi,riquaylinibNhuvbntrangchuircvinhauditnghmchohaytnh
hnhhinti.TngthnggiyanghpvitngNguynKhnh,hni.MtbNhurcln.Bthinginngnyphanom.
BNhubitqurvNguynKhnhcthtintngngta.McangtaiuhnhmthpmLtmuavuichonhngngiPhp.Cha
ngtatnglmtachgiusminNamctnhnhnlmtcasvdinvinniting.KhnhgianhpVitMinhtrckhichysangpha
Php,clvlmmtngilnhtrongquniPhphngbnglcnhiuhn.ngtavohcvinqunsPhpvquaylichinucho
phePhptrongChintranhngDngLnThNht.ngtathchkhoekhoangrngmnhtngphcvditrngcatngPhpniting
JeandeLattredeTassigny,ngimcqunphcmaybiLanvin,mtnhthitkthitranglngdanhParis,nhtrn.Mtchtoainghimno
cavtnglnhPhptruynsangngta:NguynKhnhchmrudvingnghnhngangSiGnnhmtchgtrngchnvng
kinglnquanhchungg.gnmtthpninktkhiNguynKhnhhtngbNhuvvuaBoitrongnhngchiudngoiLt.B
Nhunhlirngtronglnutinichicngnhau,NguynKhnhcnknhnggbchntronggipicnicvnhnchngchcvotngc
chcab.Lntiptheohvinhau,ngtamangnnhngthbNhuthchnhtvramtchiulngb.Thayvcoinhnghnhviylng
mn,bNhunhnthyNguynKhnhthmhim.
VicNguynKhnhchngmttiDinhgiacnbinhlonkhilalmchobNhunghing.Brtlongtasnhliugytnhitininng
nuqugicamnh.ngtahncsbovcanhngkmmuochnh,bllun.VvybNhugiaophvicchmscbntrchob
bomungiHoaangnnpvichngditnghmvmtmnhibngbngquacchnhlangtnhlngtmngNhu.
Trongnhsnganglnbuismmai,bnhnthymtconhuchttrntrngctrongDinh.Nbbnxuynuvbngcchnonm
bpbngxung,bnchnnxocramtcchkhngkhip.CnhtngcichtqugnDinhTngthnggychongvnghnrtnhiusovitt
cnhnglicnhbotrutngvsnguyhimantaibkhibangcormtrongtnghm.Conthchtkhidymtbnnngnguyn
thy,vnthcdynglcngaykhibtmthychngvngDimtrongvnphngtngmt,angsuytnhnciktip.
ngDimbtumphnnhngiukinvinhngkmmuochnh.nghahnvihmtchnhphmivthayi,vkhib
Nhuvonvnphngng,ngthmchniphtthanhtuynbiu."NgiTngthngquimmlng",bnhnramtaisp
sa phi gnh ly trch nhim. Ha gii l du hiu ca s yu ui. Cng nh ng Dim t ra mnh m khi i mt vi nhng tn cp Bnh
Xuyn,giyngcnphingvng.
BNhusibcvphangDim.Bkhngchegiunithtvng.Trongnhngcucphngvnsauny,bnirngkhiTngthngcxnhmt
atr,bmunttngta.Trongnhtkcamnh,bcobucngDimhnhngnhmtab.Bcngvit,"Tichnghtngtang
takhngclngtinvochnhmnhvhthpbnthnquavicnichuynvibnphnlon".Mtmtccngbvtnhthiu
snghmvnxcnhnrngbNhuthtsttngiTngthng,cittmnhvogiamt,trckhinmlyivainghingcangvlc
mnhtrongcngind,Nhngiunghegingnhmtcuchuyncthudtquanhngkngilimchbnbncphtrckhin
xuthintrntSt.LouisPostDispatchbanmsau.
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NgayckhibNhukhngttngDim,nhnglicabcmttcngludi."ChgiliynhngngicnthitbovDinh",brach
th."Phinhngngicnliitichimiphtthanh".
NhngnvqunivncntrungthnhvingDimangdichuynnhanhhtmccthtnhngvtrvngnngthn,nhnghtnhton
rngthchinmtcuctncngtondinvonhngkmmuochnhsphimtmihaigi."Tnhtrngtrongthno?",mtbinhs
trungthnhnhinhiviyphtrchbovDinh.
"BNhurtcngrn",viytrli."Bmunchinukcphicht.ngNhuimlng.nghnhnhkhngbitphilmg".16
NhngngNhunhnraiunhanhvthuytphcngiTngthngrngvngng.Hcnngvngtrcbnphnlon.Ccanhem
hnghetheochthcabNhutnglitngt.Mtvigisau,ngnhbNhutinon,ngicangDimchimlinhngtrungtmthen
chttrongthnhph.Nhngkphnlonctin,llphngbkhichnghreonmngdnhuhngccngbcangiTngthng,
bnghinnt.
BNhucuhaianhemtimtthiimquytnh.MilnngDimnhnclichcmng,nggtuvicemduvncncmnb:
"C'estgrcemadame"(TingPhp:lnhMadame).
Nhnvomgiytlnxntrnnhthcxungbnvvobctngschbabntrongvnphngchng,bNhunhnrarngbcmtch
trongchny.Sbiullngbitncahaianhemxcnhniu.BkhngchcnlmtgngmtxinhptrongDinhTngthngna.
Khngcb,anhemnhhNgtrnnquingyth,quitrthcvxarihinthc.Suychocnghlnhngngikhngvngvng.B
cmthytrchnhimlmithpnhntrongngnroicachtlnvaimnh.lmtnimxctnkl,nhngbchcchnvn."Micho
nlcy",bnivikgiNewYorkTimesDavidHalberstamnm1963,"hchahcoitrngti.Nhngthbtuchnti".17
1 FrederickNolting,FromTrusttoTragedy:ThePoiticalMemoirsofFrederickNothing,KennedysAmbassadortoDensVietnam(Westport,CT:
PraegerPublishers,1988)."Tngchitiungnschchovicphttrinkinhtvkthutncngoitrongnmtikha1955ctnh1.028tM
kim,trong150triuMkimcdng"htrnlccanhngngibncachngtachinuchnglisxmlccaCngsn
ngDng.DwightD.Eisenhower,"ThngBoNgnSchThngNintrnhlnQuchi:NmTiKha1955"21thngGing,1954,American
PresidencyProject,www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/lndex.php?pid=9919.
2 cnhngchititvcccucbucnm1955,xemShaplen,TheLostRevolution,201.ThngtinvQuchictrongRobertScigliano,South
Vietnam:NationUnerStress(Westport,CT:GreenwoodPress,1964),28.
3 tmhiuthmvvicxuttnbNhu,xemRobertTrumbull,"nhtPhunhncaVitNam",NewYorkTimesMagazine,18thng11,
1962,33.
4 JohnPhmnhclinhngthcncaDimtrongmtcucphngvnvitcgi.HitngcangmuthunviiumanhtraingDim
lNgnhThcvittrongttruyncamnh:rngkhicnlcub,Dimcckdngvicvsbisaukhinn.Clchngdng
nyhtkhingtrngthnh."MisericordiasDominiinaeternumcantabo:TheAutobiographyofMgr.PierreMartinNgdinhThuc,Archbishop
ofHu",Einsicht1(March2013).
5 NhngmtchititcatngTrnVnnvmiquanhgiaDimvbNhu,xemCentralIntelligenceAgencyInormatonReport:Maor
GeneralTranVanDonDetailsthePresentStuationinSouthVietnamthePlantoEstablishMartialLawand,HisViewsonSouthVietnamsPuture
BoCoCaCIA:iTngTrnVnnTrnhByChiTitVHinTnhNamVitNamKHochThitLpBLutHnNhnV,Quan
imCangVTngLaiCaNamVitNam23thng8,1963,Folder11,Box2,DouglasPikeCollection:Unit1AssessmentandStrategy,
76/138
8/6/2016
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
VietnamCenterandArchive,TexasTechUniversityvstrongschcaDim,xem"SouthVietnam:TheBeleagueredMan",Time,4thng4,
1955.
NgunttngTrnVnnxemghich5.
NhngghichcatcgivtliutrongthkhqucgiavchuynicabNhutiBurma,20n23thng12,1957.
Ahern,CIAvNhhNg,114,vEpapersofChristianHerter,Box1,ChonFile,March1957(3).
DouglasPike,VitCng:TchcvKthutcaMttrnGiiphngDntcvVitNamCngha(Cambridge:MITPress,1966),174.
Scigliano,VitNamCngha,4445.
VchngNhulynhngmnhqungcotrnbochSiGncngkhaiphnhnnhngcobucvongy24thng8nm1957,nhngs
phnhncahchlmtngthmtinnthayvdpttchng"Sp,HaincVitNam",252.
FRUS,Vol.1,VitNam,19581960.hiuthmvvtrbnhgithpcaChu,xem"CuctrchuynthhaiviNguynHuChu",ngy
31/12/1958.
VvicngDimniLChi"hnhxnhconim",xem"intncaisLodgetTaisSiGngiBNgoigiao",805
(29/10/1963),FRUS,4:445.VLChittvnirngbNhuticlchuynkhngthnh,xemNewsweek62,2:41"Ngichgicayng
chtrchMadameNhu",ArizonaRepublic,October27,1963.Vnhngchuynlinquannvttny,xemNguyenThai,IsSouthVietnam
Viable?(Manila:Carmelo&Bauermann,1962).EtienneOggeri,PieldsofPoppies:AsFarAstheEyeCanSeeBloomington,IN:TraffordPublishing,
2007).
VbNhuhiulm,xem"PhngvnEdwardGearyLansdale",1979[phn1cachng5],31/1/1979,WGBHMediaLibrary&Archives.
NhutitlviRichardsonxemJohnH.Richardson,Chati,tayipvin:Mthiciutra(NewYork:HarperCollins,2005),189.
Vmichuynlinquanncucochnh,xemLangguth,VitNamcachngti,108Malcolmw.Browne,Khunmtmicachintranh
(Indianapolis:Bobb.sMerrill,1965)251.VquynlccabNhu,xemRichardDudman,"IntrigueTantrums",St.LouisPostDispatch,14/9/1963.
DavidHalberstamtrongDavidHalberstam,TheMakingofaQuagmire,bintpvgiithiubiDanielJ.Singal,revered.(NewYork:Random
House,2008),55.
Chng10
NhngTmDaCp
NgaytutirtntngkhinichuynvibNhu.Bququynlc,qutaiting,vququynr.Timtgnhainmnichuynqua
inthoimiccanmthcymnhtmhiusuthm.Tiquantmnnhngchititthngngybbqunsaunhngno.Trongttctin
tcbochnivnginbquynlcmtthi,khngthycpnhiuncucsngtrongDinh,bnunggvnmcrasao.Tihyvng
nhngchitityschotibitthmvnginbnyngsaunhngbcnhhonhongvhnhtngRngCi.NhngivibNhu,l
nhngchititkhgilinht.Chngtrixagnnathkvxanavngtrit.KclttcnhnggbNhublisaulng,dchng
miangbtumnht.KhitithcgicbnhnhngchititvcucsngtrongDinhcLp,gingnibNhumngdntrndyni,vti
phipngnghestvotaiminghec.Nhthbxangndm."Hnhnhtikhngthnhccnphngnnhthnotilti
khngnhcchnhxc...".
Bchotibitrngbthngthcdylc7g30sng,dngimtmnhvitr,cmhaybnhm,rimcqunochomtngymi.Bdnhc
buisngsaulmvic.Nukhngthonhngbcthvithkcamnhtrongphnglmvic,bsithmctricab,nhnggnnh
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lunquayvvobuitra.Bantralbanchnhtrongngy,dinradinhngngnntreokhnglvivilanhvstuytp.Mcd
Tngthngthngdngnhngbangindtrongvnphngcang,nhngkhinockhch,hoctmnhmitunmthailn,ngndba
titrangtrnghnviemtraivemdutrongphngncahtnghai.Nhngbuidticbnchnhthccngctchctiphngncav
chngngNhukhnggianrngrivlchsnhngthnmthn,chkhngphtrngnghithcnhphngnchnhcaTngthng
tngmt.BNhucgnmcnphngcagianhtrongDinhcthrnghnmtcht.Hcmtsnhkhangtrang,haiphngngmnhmng,v
haiphngkhchcbancng,nhngbNhumunnhbpksthnna.Thngkhithcnmangnphngntnhbptrntngmtpha
sauDinhthngui.
Saubantra,bNhuthngnmnghtrongphngngcab.Trinngnmmuckhinbkhnglmcgkhc.Trongngy,yl
thiimbluynnhnhtvbnmaHNi.Nhnhngmth,nhngilvniido.SiGn,bthymnhnhangnhnchmch
cucsngtriquatsaunhngcnhcngscaDinh.Bnghmithskhcnhiulmnubchsngmtcucibnhthng.Bslmg
nubkhngbkttrongcmby?BNhutngtngbsbnglngsngtrongmtnginhnhminlcmtsnvnlncholtrchi
abschunbnhngbanthanhmchocnhvdnhhtthigiantrongngyvittruynthiunhi.
plinhngmmngcab,tinghrngtihnchpmingthngcmtronginthoikhibangni.Nhngnginbtmmibatui
nykhngchiscmthng.CthcucsngnhmtnhtPhunhncabtrongDinhkhngphilcucsngdobchnla,nhngnl
cucsngdoChachnchob.ngvy,bkhngihistrcnmlsquyttm."Ticthgiithchstheouiquynlccatithno
nay?Chngtrnhhnhngcatinhmthayiisngcaphn?Ti,bnthnti,lrabnglngvimtcucsngbnhyn!Ti
niiniliviciurim.NhngChacnhngkhochkhcchoti.Bnphncatiltheouincng".
BNhugiaotimtththchkhc."Timunnhnlin.Nucth,ctmgiptinhngtmhnhchpcccnphngcatitrongDinh,nhvy
mithclccChasaiphin".Smnhhtscrrng:tmnhngtmhnhchpcccnphngtrongkhongnm1961,mangnchob
Nhu.iukhinnginbginuanyhnhphc,vnhthckccab.Dthim.TrphinhngcnphngcabNhuhngchutrc
tiptrnnhbomphhyDinhcLpvonm1962.Mithtmthyctrongngntlibthtlcmitmthngsau.
"Ti khng bao gi cho ai thy phng ng ca ti. Cha c v khch no c php vo ch ring t ca ti". B Nhu l mt ting ci gng.
"Nhngcmtln,tithclngmungyntngchoccvkhchcati.Mtkhonhkhctphtiviti".
CcvkhchmbmungyntngmnhlmtnhmtrongphioncaPhTngthngM.LyndonJohnsonvonngoigiaotytngn
NamVitNamvothngNm,1961.
",hrtngcnhin!"GingbNhusnglnkhinhlikhonhkhcphunhnPhTngthngM,bBirdJohnson,vbJeanSmith,emTng
thngKennedy,ivphng.
"Khitimcaphng,hcthnhnthymtdydinhngbdacp[tritrnnnnh].Nhngcimngspthnhhngthng.Nhngciugn
vonhau".Nghecvkinhkhngviti,nhngbhtvomthisu,nhthnhlimithmnhngtricamngyTtthayvnhngmudath.
Mtphtsauthtihiu,khibnitip,"Nuticnhngtmhnhy,tnhtthticngcccigcachngti.Anhynglmtthsn
thinngh.Rtc.Anhybnhnhngconthpnht,vgiaochotigitngchinqucaanh".
SmamaivnhngbdacpbmtcabNhuluntrongtmtrti.TibitrngtrongkhingiMgiblRngCi,nhngngiVitNam
cgancngkhaichngbNhulinhcnbvibitdanhCpCixutphttstntrngtrongvnhadnhchoconrng.
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Lcbygitirtngcnhinthymnhquantmnbkhngdt.Suychocng,bngltitheongnghaen,nhth,vtheongha
bng.Btiptcnhtivilihavnhngonhikcabtrcmtti,nhngtickttrongnhngnghingrngchngkhngtntingoi
trtngtngcab.Bvnhaynhcncigilnhngonhiknyktnm1963.Bnibvithngtrmtrang,giyvitvngvikhp
phng,thmchditrngk.Tilmsaomlcytitinrng,gnnmminmsau,cuicngbcngsnsngtphpchngvotrongmt
bntho?Khititmcchthcpb,bntnti.Gingliscbnnhmlcab,tingheninnhiu."Ckhngnnnivnhnggc
khnghiu",bmngm,ritrng.Nhngsthcl,tibitrngnutikhnggivng,tiskhngbaogicbtkcigvitra.Vti
phinirng,khaokhtcablmunthylicigcachngmnhcdaydttritimti,ngnhbdcm.
ThchthccabNhuharakhddng.SauviemailvvicucinthoichoccnhnvinlutrtithvinTngthngLyndonB.Johnson
Austin,Texas,ticcnhnggtitmkim.
Khitimcctptinnhkmtmytnhcati,tinghtth.Nhngtmhnhmunuemmtthgiinttrlivicuci.
Bnnginbngtrongmtkhnggianrrnglphngng,mtcibnhkembcxatanhvinhngtmmndilthtreotrncasv
chungquanhcaravo.Nhngkhunvintrangtrtngtrnvnhngsnnhltghonttcintngvcunginny.Vc:mthng
dibdanhngconcpminghtotrihtchiudicnphngnchnging,chmbnchntrnlnththnonh?Nhngbdacpny
cthcngkhng?TicthcmclmsaobNhucthnhtrnhvpngvonhngcitai,conmtvnhnghmrngcachngkhibra
khigingmisng?
Tiddngnhnrabatrongsbnnginbtronghnh,vtionngiththnlphunhncaishocphunhncamtquanchc
caocpMno.PhunhnPhTngthng,bBirdJohnson,ngdavompging,igiymutrngnmthnggctrnsn,nhthb
cntrngiquanhnhngconthchtthayvingangquachng.nmcthanhnhtrongbvybchnstnchvgiycaogtithmDinh,
bBirdcimnhdntrcngknh,nhngtrngbcvhivnngnc.Gngtaycabkhngcn,mlchi,vnhnglntcrxungv
m.Bnhnthngvomyquay,cplngmynhnglnngcnhin.
BNhucvthoimihnnhiu.Mcchicodickhotsuthayvcnghp,bmrngbntayntipccvkhchvocnphngtreo
rm.Trongtmhnhktip,bngthng,hnghngvmyquay,vainrasau.Dngnhbcsnhycmcthcamtdinvinma
bal.BNhutrngnhsnsngmmcichtlcicmcabnnglntheohngmyquay.Shindinmnhmcablmtiqun
nvcdngbkhisovinhngngiMchominsauny.Bnhcon.Nukhngciguccaogtvkiutctongbngbnh,cthb
chngtivaibBird.
EmgiTngthngKennedy,JeanSmith,ccmvunggingnhanhmnh.Bmcbvydivibngkveochuingc,vcvnhbkhng
thrimtkhinhngbdacpxpchungquanhchnbthmchkhngngcnhnlnchpnhnhthbloschngcthsngliv
tncng.Haikhuutaybthustvongi,taynynmtaykia,nhciaianton,haiugibkhpchtvonhaunhthbskhuuxung
nukhnglmvy.
JeanSmithlconttronggianhKennedy.Chngb,Stephen,lcvnchnhtrvchtchtichnhcaTngthng,nhngJeancngdnh
nhiuthigivcngscchoJackKennedy.Blmvickhngmtmiviccchindch,tipikhchccbuitictrvgcanhiuni.Sau
cucbuc,TngthngKennedyvitvomttmhnhgicemgit,cmnbvttcnhngnlccab.Jeanxcng,vinhd,bni,v
nhngnlccabcnhnnhnchonkhibnhnrattcccchvvcaccanhbunhnciutngt.1
BNhu,mtngichugiunghlctuytvi,vbJeanSmith,ngiphnthunM,cnhiuimtngnghnngitacthhnhdung
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tlcthongnhntmhnhchphaingingcnhnhau.Chaingiphnnyunhnhngmirngbucmnhmcagianhdna
nchnhtr.ChaiucchnglmvicchogianhchaigianhutheooCnggiovchngcngvcamktlmiu"phi".Chaiu
duyndngvhiubitrng,vchaiutxnglunhtmnhvmcch.Dngnhcmtsthuhttnhin,khngchgiahaingiphn
nymcngiachnhphKennedymictnphongvchcangDimSiGn.
Hinh
TLX
ChnhTngthngKennedythngbovchuyncngducaJohnsonnngNam,gil"smnhtmkimstht".Cnhngtng
trnhmuthunnhauvnhnggangdinraNamVitNam.,ciqucgianhbny,cgxngvihngtriulavintrmHoaK
votnm1954?AnhemhNgnycanghuthuncucchinchngchnghaCngsnnhhtuynb,hayhangcntrn?Nm
ngoi, chng kin s gia tng bo lc v cc hot ng ca Cng sn, c th l l do khin PhTng thng Johnson khng mun i. "ThaTng
thng",Johnsonni,"TikhngmungyrcrichongibngcchngitabnntutiSiGn".2
Dnhin,khngaitrongontytngcaJohnsonbtnhiNamVitNam.ChNgnhDimlochonhngngiMrttt,ntiphti
nhkhchtrongkhunvinDinh.mutinSiGn,vchngJohnson,vchngSmith,vtniscaKennedytiVitNamCngha,
FrederickNoltingvvng,thngthcbantikiuPhpngonlnhtrongnhhngsnthngkhchsnCaravelle. 3Nhngngiphnkh
inhnhngbcidinhnghngkeodcccconngrngvihaihngcyhaibnnhngmthanhvuiacatrconnibitrngvng
ntaihtheolngibuitimm.Tuynhincngthyrkhngkhcngthng,cmnhncnhngnguyhimspdinra,canhngngi
Cngsnlnkhuttrongbngti.CcbntintnhbokhngnhrngnhiungitngchinubncnhVitMinhtrongchintranhchngPhp
liminNamhingiquyttmthngnhttncdislnhoduynhtcaHNi.NhngngiCngsnvangthnhcngmc
dnhiungikhngthoimithanhnsthc.
NgitaninhngngiCngsnkimsotmtphnbavngnngthnphanam.Hlpcncccvngngbngvtrncaonguynnhng
vkhtngcdngchngngiPhp,gicbctrongbaonilngchngiudirunglatronggnmilmnm,giclylnvci
tinsdng.LDun,lnhoCngsncaonhtminNam,tchcchonhngtaysngngyxangvoingmi.ngcqutrnh
thamgiacchmngkhntng,tngtriquabynmtrongccnhtPhptrckhigpHChMinhTrungQucthpnin1940.Vth,dl
ngiNam,nghiurccngchcangHNi.ngcthbinhchongbominNamcang:ngbochngtaangphichuau
khdichNgnhDimvsnsngchinu.Hphinidy.Nuchngtakhnglnhoh,hshnhthnhphongtrokhngchin
caringmnh,vchngtakhngcncvaitrna.BChnhtrnhttrviLDunvquyttmutranhvtrangminNambncnhnhng
n lc chnh tr. Nm 1959, mt nhim v b mt c ra l vn chuyn v kh v hu cn i dc ngTrng Sn khi ng chin tranh.
PhngTythnggiconngrngnihimtrvnchyngonngoophatytncnylngmnHChMinh.4
Mtnmsau,ihingCngsnHNinuquyttmymnhhnnacucutranhvtrang.Thng12nm1960,HNithnhlpMt
trnDntcGiiphngminNamVitNam(MTDTGPMNVN),danhxnghpthcchonlctithngnhttnccaCngsnminNam,mc
dngiMthnggihmtcchnmnalVitCng.Dtngiclgina,sspcachNgnhDimlmctiusmtcah.
HNiralnhchohltTngthngVitNamCnghav"quanthycangta"lHoaK,bngbtcphngtinnocnthit.Vothi
im Johnson n thm Si Gn, nhng ngi Cng sn ang gy thit mng trung bnh mi thng t nm n tm trm binh lnh, cng chc, v
thngdnNamVitNam.Nhngconsnycgikn.
NhngconsnghimtrngxutphttVitNamnycxonuvhaildo,vchaiudnhtichnhtr.VphaM,isMtiVitNam,
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FrederickNolting,vitngtngtlnhPaulHarkins,lolngnhngnhgitiucccthlmximnquyttmcaTngthngKennedymun
tinbcvintrvcccvncaMtiptcvoVitNam.KhiBtrngQucphngRobertMcNamarathchinchuynikhosthaingy
khpqucgiany,NoltingvHarkinscmnhnvincamnhnivingbtciugcthmangnmtntngkhngtt.Nhngkiutrnhn
nylcondctrtdnnsthaotngcngkhaisdinrasauny,nhghinhnsthngvongcaiphngthiucncvngchcvltb
nhngmingdnmurakhitmbnchothyniCngsnngchnkhicmthycvchng"qunhiu".CcnhboM,mcdkhng
bkimduytthngthng,cyucuphihiurnhnghngdncancMlinquannvicgivtason"nhngtngtrnhkhng
mongmun".Phitrnhninnhngconscth,cngnhtrnhchranhngimmnhvimyuchinthut.Btkaiviphmnhngqui
nhcnbnnyskhngctiptclmnhimv.5
MtldokhcgiknnhngconsxulbicnhnTngthngNgnhDimsintit.Sauvochnhhtnm1960,ngDimthng
bomingnccchhuyqunskhngctinhnhcccuchnhquncthgyrathngvongln.VTngthngnyktlunrngnhng
ngilnhnhydbtmnngsaucucochnhhtrtgindchvnhngthngvongmhphichutrongccchindchtncng.ng
Dimkhngth,hockhnghiurngchgianhtr,thinvCnggio,vspbcccquyntdomithcslnhngnguynnhngy
nnsongin.ngDimkhngmunthymtcucochnhna,chonnngkhngmunqunichutntht.
CccvnngiMchoquniVitNamCnghacuicngshiurarngccchth"khngnh"tnhngchhuycpcaonhthontonlm
ximnnhnglikhuyngiaochinviVitCngcah,nhngiukhngngncnhchuynnhngconsthngvonggivWashington.
TnthtcaCngsnbthiphng,thngvongcaNamVitNamcxemnh,vkhngkmtheobtklicnhbonovnhngcons
khngchcchn.Nhngconscdindchthnhchnhsch,vchnhschnirngcucchinangdintintt.6
MctiucaMttrnDntcGiiphngminNamVitNamptanchminNamlmnhlnhticaotHNiphicthihnhtdi
ln.Chintranhsbtu"cclngmc...lanrngncchuyn,ricccpchnhquyntnhthnhricuicngslmtcuctngtncng
nhmvobnthnchnhquyntrungng".UbanTrungngMttrnDntcGiiphngminNamVitNambanhnhnhngchthcthv
nhngmctiucnnhmtitiahatcngcacccuctncngbtchtvngunhin:cctrungtmthngtin,khobi,snbay,vccc
quancaMc"cbit"chr.
NhngmctiuutintccchindchcaMTDTGPMNVNlvngnngthncctnhLongAn,TyNinh,LongXuyn,AnGiang.VothngMi
Hai,1960,bolclandnnthnhphkhimtkhubptiCulcbGnSiGnbnhmn,lmchtmtnhnvinvhaiubp.7
Cc hot ng qun s ca MTDTGPMNVN rt thnh cng nh h kho lo tn dng cc phng tin thng dng. Chng hn, qu bom t trong
chicxemybnhthnglchtchc,hiuqu,vgnnhkhngthphthinchonkhiqumun.Tonbkhungxechaychtnnhng
sidyinmnhniviccungthucnbntrongkhungxechynganglunquadythng,gipngytrang,vnivocibngntrc
xeckmcinghhngi.Chcndngmtcinpinnhkchhotlchicxentung,gyrashyhoikhngkhipgiangphng
c.VitCnggicibinthhaibnhxecahdatheoconngathnhTroyl"ngast".Htuynmnhngngitrvolmcngviccht
ngituiltngvokhong18,nhngcccub13hay14cngl"nhngkphhoithnhph",haynhngknmlunrttt.Cc
nhhng,khchsnbtulpnhngtmlitrchinnhmingisngitrchnhlang,vorpht,haythmchich.8
Ngy22thngBanm1961,chhnmtthngtrcchuyncngducaJohnsonnSiGn,mtchicxetichhaimicgiphtntanh
bnhtrnmtconlhoangvngtrongvngRngSt.CccgiangtrnngtSiGnvnhtnhPhcTuyhmitriquabuichiu
ngnghebNhu,nhtPhunhn,cbidinvnnngnhitcangiphnVitNamnhnngylknimHaiBTrng.lbuiltng
nhhaichemBTrng,hainanhhngVitNamchinuchnglinhHn.BNhucoihaibnhgngmuchonhngngiphndng
cmcaVitNamCnghahini.Tuynhin,ivicccgikia,ngyhmktthctrongthmkch.Trongnhngkhonhkhcsaukhi
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chicxetrngphimnchntrnng,hnglotntrtxungnhma.Ngitixxoayxlichicxechchynnlnhgnnht,nhng
haicgicht.
Mttunsau,bNhunmtbnhvinChLnthmbntrongsccnnnhntrcavtncngangnmihiphc.Mtngihngmt
conmt,mtngikhcctchn,vmtphnlomkhomvbthngctsng.BNhucngnthmkhuvcxyravn,nichuynviccc
gisngstsautrnphckch.TrongnginhcacNguynThBng,haimibatuihuynCnGi,bNhutvnghoalnngimmixy
vchiabunvimvchcacgibsthi.
MtngysaukhinSiGn,PhTngthngJohnsongpgTngthngNgnhDimtiDinh,nihnichuynchititvsvintrtHoa
K.TrongkhiJohnsontrnhtrngtngmnqucangbschbacngDisnMvlchsHoaKvtrnhynhimth,ccbvimtvng
bntrongDinhvibNhunhnnhngbdacp.BcnhchplcgpnhaucuthangvnphngchothyJohnsoncihnngixungni
chuynvingDim.Saubuigpg,PhTngthngMtrnhbychngtrnhtmimbaogmviccungcpthmvkhvtinbc.Chiu
hm,Johnson,vnviphongcchphngkhongngivngTexas,xungphSiGnidohangvidnchngminNamVitNam.
PhngvinStanleyKarnownhnxtrngJohnsonbttaymingivmmcinhthng"angnchoccquntrngcnhsttrongchin
dchtranhcTexas",nhngtheomtnghano,lcngviccang.ngJohnsoncphinytrnanngidnminNamVit
NamrngHoaKstiptccungcpvkhvtinbccithintnhhnhxhivchinuchngchnghaCngsn.9
BNhungivtrdanhdcnhPhTngthng,bntayphing,titickhonichnhthc.Hgpnhaumtlcngyngn.BNhuc
mtsnbay,cngviccvphunhnkhc,nphioncaPhTngthng.Khibcxungsnbay,vPhTngthngrobcquai
danhdngnb,bttayb.PhongcchcanggythchthchobNhulnnatibatic.
Bkhngquenvinhngnginngchbngixungtrckhihngivoghcah,cngnhkhngquencnintrcnhngngi
nngnhTngthngvchngb.NhngbNhuthchcchnnhmcaJohnsontuybkhngbitrlmnghacan.Trongbuitic,ng
cnibngnthmnngtrangcangTexas.Bkhckhchci,lycikhnncheming,nhngngckhngkhngnhiulnkhinb
cuicngngsn"khinglnlmTngthng",bha.Sau,JohnsonnmbntaytricabNhubngbntaytobcamnhvtrc
mtvngcngccnhngoigiaongicngbn,dnbrabancng."Chchotithyquangcnhyi",ngththo.Bphicitht
nhanhbtkpnhngbcchncanginngcaolnvngTexas,nhngvPhTngthngcvkhng.ngnhnbmmcimi
ngitrongtickhonichnhthccthnhnthy.
ThngNmnm1961,bNhuvngtinvochnhmnhhnbaogiht.Dnthamvngcabmunticutrcxhiangtintrintt,trong
phnlnhngtcnhnchosthayi.Dnnyrtnghilng,bvitvivngtrongnhtkcamnhthngMtnm.Bkhngnhn
thymnhthngminhnth!BNhucsngkinlpraPhongtroLiniPhnmahnmtrc.lmthioncngchcdnmnh
vovicgipccgianhqunnhnVitNam.Hcthmangthcnchoaitrongbnhvinhayemthucmenchoccgianhnng
thnhcngcthhinmuvvitnhnglthkhchlbinhsngoimttrn.tnglemnchophnmtmcchkhcbnngoigia
nh,mtphngcchthamgiavoxhitchcchnvnhnthccvaitrquantrngcahtrongvicxydngqucgiaminy.
BNhucnlpramttchcbnquns.Congib,NgnhLThy,thamgiavomtnvdbcatchcny.Hchunluyns
dngsng,cuthngvidiubinhtrongqunphckiucchviciothtlieo.BNhugiccthnhvintronglclngnbinhcabl
"nhngngiyubnhcati".
Hinh
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Hinh
Hnh
NguncmhngcabNhuivi"nhngngiyubnh"cabnthuynthoiHaiBTrng,haingiphntrkhibinhchngli
qunHnxmlcvonm40,gnhaingnnmtrc.NhngngiCngsncngsdnghuynthoinyhtmthyyutgiaicptrongcu
chuynnhngvinhngmcchcamnh,bNhunhnmnhnscmnhcaphnvccbmtrongchinu.Tngtruynrng,b
TrngTrctrthchochngbquanthithnhHngithi.Emgibcngmtinkbinhutstcnhbnb.Mttrongnhngngiph
n ny ang mang thai v sinh con trong trn tin nhng vn tip tc chin u vi a b s sinh buc cht sau lng. B Nhu hy vng rng cu
chuynlchssthcynhngngiphnthiibhctpnhngknngbovgianhmnh.ThmchbcnchodngtngngHai
BTrng,ngchonnhngchictucpcngSiGn.Nhngkhitngcdngln,khunmtvvcdngcaHaiBTrnggingbNhu
qunmcthnhliongtingve.BNhumunphnminNamngngmhaivnanhhngthixaxahaynhtPhunhncah?Rtc
thbnthniukhcgiaptnhngngnttngtvinhnnhbnhtPhunhn,nhngdingiiphbinnhtl,mtlnna,b
angsdngphongtrophnphcvchonhngmcchringcamnh.
HuhtphngianhptchcLinilnhngbvtrungluSiGn.HthamgiacucnhbNhuhocmbochochlmcng
chccachngmnh.BNhuvnkhngbitcchktniviasphnVitNam.Bcthtnimtinvolnghnghicamingi,coil
ttc.KhibNhuvnngthnkimtrashanhpcacctchcphnvilngxm,bctnghoavcchonnngnhit.Bk
viElbridgeDurbrow,cuisMVitNam,khibnthm,nhngngiphntrongccngilngcmnbnhthnoiviB
lutGianhcmathvlyd."Bkhngnhnrabnitingvcmingiyumnnhthno".Bcngkhngbitrngminginng
lngmunnivinhtPhunhnchnhngiubmunnghe.10
ChNgnhDimbaogmtonnhngthnhvingianhhocnhngngingoanngonphctng.Hoctheohhocchnglih.Ccb
trngchnhphhocccibiuQuchicthichnychnlcuvtrongthmtmthanhnmnhkhnghilng,nhnggiabquan
vnvthkhngaidmlnting.Schvphihcu,tiuthuyt,hoc,tmthngnhtlthphichukimduyt.Giyphpcachnhquyn
vncthbthuhibtclcnonhmkimsotbochtrongnc,vccnhboncngoiphinpbnthokimduyt.Qunlthngtin
lchinlccaCngsn,nhnglvn:VitNamCnghaccholqucgiatdo.Songindngln,thmlngvgyximn.
TnhboMgitSiGnvWashingtonnhiutinnchothybNhuvchngbdnhdngthamnhng,muabnnhhngvkttihara
nhnglikhuyntichoTngthng.Nhmtnhngoigiaonhnxtmtcchtinhranh:"Khngcchtkhcbitnonukhngciusaitrino
cgnchobtalctht,vnquantrnglngitatinn".CcboconghingvnhhngmcctchcphncabNhuthcsc
thgyraiviqucgiany.Hdngnhxemchnglchuynhohuyn.11
BNhukhngcoiragnhnglichtrchvcngviccab.Bstrutvinhngthvnvtcanhngngichungquanhvvitvonhtk
nhngiubcbi:"Sthngminhnuidnglngthamvng,nhngcphilthikhngkhiphicngtcvilngumuvicln?Chchn
Chatoralngudtnyththchta".Rrng,nhngnginykhngthycbctranhln,vbNhuiqunhanhcthdngli,
giithchchohbit.
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tnc.BttnchonhngtngnylNhngLutloc.BNhucmnhymvcccucthiscpvslmsaonhngmtt
ncangcchintranh.Bcngtcctnncbc,biton,g,vmidmrangoivngphplut.Bcoiphthailbthpphp"Dn
schngtacnt",bnivcncmongccgng.lthiimbNhuthuytphcmingiphithchnhtitkim.ngbaogiquan
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tmngntcaciongcailngrngphraqualnlamngchicodicab.
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easies".Lnhcmkhngchpdngvithloi"rockandroll"nhpkhucccakhctrtnhVitNamcngbnhhng.Vicnycbitgykh
chuchonhngngilnhVitNam,nhngngithngxuynhtngoimttrn,vtnhngihaycthoiminhngnibnbrng
rn,hcthchmtrnmttrnphckchhocrivomtbymnbtclcno."mmatrnmttrn"lmtbihtathchnhvy."Khi
butrichuynsangmuhng...Ngilnhtrnghvngithnqunh...Tmhnyyuthng".Mcdvynvnbcmvchachng
cng.12
Cclutlrttrchthng,hmrngbNhubitrhnminginhngghnnvkhngnnlm,mc,vnghe.Sphnikchlitttyu
vnhnglutlomsmchemlptrngchungcabNhuvlmtlptrngkhtt.HngnglavominNamVitNamlm
choSiGncvtrthnhmtthtrntictngthayvmtthnhphchunbchochintranh.NhiungitinrngvintrMchoVitNamCng
hatoramttnglptrungluccthngnhnvdoanhnhnhuthunngNgnhDim.Mtlisngthoimilcchtvttnhttrc
tnhtrngkchngcaCngsn.Nhngccchngtrnhnhpcnghngtiudnglichtitrchomtlisngtnkmkhc.HoaKchoVit
Namhnghabn,gipngiVitngnchnlmpht,vtrtinchomtmcsngcaocngvihuhtphtnchoqucgia.Nhngkhngch
ngiVitNamhngli.HnngcVinngangbinthnhmtsnchicho12.000qunnhnMy.SqunrutrnngCatinat(nay
lngngKhi)tngvt.Cctimbnhpizzamra,vcctixtaxitnglngpiphcvkhchM.Ccccskinhdoanhmravi
mcchtmcccgiVitichivinhngchnglnhMcn.
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rinuanhtathcsmuntrctipgpmtctihng.Mtcihnscthuxpvigignbn,cngthmphtnkhiacgii
chi.TtctintrnhTyhacungcpchtliuchocmytuyntruyncaCngsn.NungiminNaminhngcgitrcahlyv
khcangiM,thddngtinrngqucgianycngangbnlinhhncamnh.
BNhubovnhnglutlnghimkhccamnh."Aicngbit,nhbiCngsn,bnphicnglivbmchtvon".Bning.
nimphbinchorngngiM"mua"minNamVitNamslcngctuynquntuytviiviCngsn,vbNhuscsosmnhn
ravn.Nhngbsdngcivirngchaladpttmtquedim.Ngitaghtbvphongcchcon.Nhngnmthucav
chintranhlmchaisnngbocab!BNhuthchnimnhidinchongbo,nhngbhunhkhngbith.Thayvvy,nhnglut
lvquinhcablsbnhtrngnhngnguyntcoccaringbvnhnglinhcnhthngxuynvquynlccab.Lisng
cabtrongDinhscmixaxvphungphkhimhuhtngiVitNamvnphisngnngthnvvtlntnti.Bkhngcquyng
khngchohccchttnimvui.
ChngbNhukhngcdnchngyuthchbngb.VtrcangtrongchnhquynNgnhDimcxcnhmtcchlnglolcvn
caTngthng,nhngnhiungitinrngngiukhincucchi.minhhaquynlctolncangNhu,cphivinDavidHalberstamc
gngtngvobicnhncMchobnccatNewYorkTimes:"HyhnhdungNgnhDimlTngthngHoaKtronghoncnh
NgnhNhuskimsotttcbochtrongnc,nguCIA,FBIvQuchi,lmBtrngTphpvBtrngNgoigiao,vvitttc
tngtrnhmTngthngnhnthy.NhnggngDimbitvthgiibnngoilnhnggngNhumunngtabitnhnggngtathylthy
quacpmtcangNhunhngnginggpchlnhngngicngNhuchpthun".
ngNhulpracctchckhcnhauthchinccchinlcchnhtrmngra.CtchcThanhninCngha,nhngngitrmcng
phcxanhdngccoilidinchotingnicathanhninminNamVitNam.Thayvbytchnhkincamnh,ashnhaiinhaili
84/138
8/6/2016
nhngcunicangisnglpvlnhocahlNgnhNhu.ThanhninCnghac1.386.757thnhvinvocuinm1962,gimgn
300.000sovihainmtrc.Lclngnycthanhlck,khngckhnngtrthnhnhngngiCngsnphhoi21.061thanh
nincvkh,vhtuynbgitc234Cngsn.Vphamnh,hcngmtgn500ngitrongnhngvmstcaCngsnv2.413
ngikhctrongccvbtcc.Nhngconsthngknydngnhkhnglmgimbtlnghnghicahivilnhtcamnh.Trongbui
ltibnhimngvacchnlmChtchtonquccaThanhninCnghaPhTngthngVitNamCnghavccthnhvinQuc
hingdykhingNhuntipccibiucaccnvthanhnin.Mcdtrimatmt,ngNhuvnng,cngitnhptrongb
ngphccatchc,trongkhitngngimt,ccbnthanhninquxungtuynththchinnhngmnhlnhcalnhtvnghiulca
ThanhninCngha,tmmicchhuyngtonthnhndnminNamVitNamthamgiavocucutranhchngCngsn.13
MttrongnhngdnmngNhuquantmnhtlChngtrnhpChinlc.NgiAnhlmiutngttiMalayachngliqunni
dyCngsn.Nhngnginngdnchuynncckhuvcccngcvngchcvcqunibov,cbaobcbicclpdythp
gai,ndc,vsngng.ngNhucgngsaochpchinlccangiAnhvlthuyt,pchinlcngnchnCngsntipcnvingun
tiptvnhnlc.ngNhurtthchkhochnybiv,mtlnna,nmangcuccchmngchnhtrrakhiSiGnnviccvngnng
thn.KhngchlmtchinlcqunsnhmnhbiCngsn,ncnlthnhquhplcacuccchmngkinhtxhicang,vlc
hixydngmtnnmngchnhtrmi,chongNgnhDim,nngthn.NhngvtnhnngginvthinvcangNhu,ccquanchca
phngbocosaisthtvpchinlckhichngkhngthcstnti.Chngkhnghontonlnhngkhungcnhynm.Nhngngilng
c bao bc bi nhng bi tre t by treo, v hai ci thp canh hng v pha rng hoc ng rung. Gia hai lp dy thp gai l nhng hng
chng,michngtrtyphnngigythngtchchobtkkxmnhpno.Nhnglmhngrothpgairttnthigi,vbnthnthp
cnglloivtliuttin.Thayvmibntndythpgaidnhringchovicxydngmtpchinlc,mitnthpgaickoginra
xydng163pchinlc,khngantonchtno.Ngidnaphngthngkhngcbithngvmtt,vnhngngibdlil
bucphiribnhcaictrchkhcmkhngcbotrcbivchinlccangNhulptinhngvngcnhiuCngsnm
khngthngbo,khngchunb,haykhngcsbnglngtrc.ngkhngtnhnthigiancnthitaccdchvkhcvohotng
thuytphcdnchng,nhansinh,yt,vtrnghc.Thaychomhnhnhngngilnganton,ngNhulpramtciggingnhmt
vngqurirccctritptrungnh.
ngsnhttrongttclSNghincuChnhtrXhicaPhTngthngdongNhulpra,vcbnnlmttchccanhngngich
imhotngnhmtnhnvinCIA.ngiVit.NgiMhophngcungcptinbcgipchotchcnyphttrin.Dvynsm
mangtinghunghim.SNghincuChnhtrXhicnhnlmttchcthuthpthngtintnhbo.Nthcthicnglthngquaccnv
cnh st c bit vi nhng bin php th bo. Bi v kh m phn bit nhng ngi lm cch mng kin nh vi nhng ngi hp tc ch v yu
nc,chainhmnginyubxlnhnhau.NhngngibSNghincuChnhtrXhirungbcthbnhphoctrainvob
phnsinhdc,nhnghuhthbbmctrongmyutiutyvitcchlnhngtnhnchnhtr,vnchimmtphnbatrongtngs30.000
ngibgiamcmtrongnmchcnhlaotrncnc.14
ngNhulunbomchiutheocaanhmnh,Tngthng,giacngchng,nhngmingingycngtinrngngNhuangnmquyn.iu
binngthnhmctiu.TrongmtchuynisnbnLt,VitCngtncngonxecang,vngichhuycnvcangbbncht
trongcucphckch.Chnhquyntmcchmnhm,chonginchlmttainnxectrnconlnngthntitri.Hkhngbaogigii
thchtisaochicxelchnhngvtn.
TrongmtcucphngvnviphngvinMargueriteHiggins,ngNhuthnhthtchobitdnchngkhngthchngnno,"tibght,vv
ticngvy",nhngngsnsngnhnlnhtrchnhimcamnh,"chnhquynnocngctaycngrn,ngilmnhngvicdbnvkha.
NgaycEisenhowercngphicmtShermanAdams[ccchcaHiggins:ngNhulylmthokhitheodistnhngviclmknoca
chnhphHoaK]...VitNam,nibolcvhimcckhpmini,tilnginhnnhngcngvickhngdchu.Tichnhlkblng
85/138
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m,nhmngikhccthcdungth".15
SbtmncadnchngivingNhuvngivkhicangcnhiungiMnghethyngayctrcchuyncngducaJohnson.
VythtisaoPhTngthngarattcnhnghahntisngvscamktcaMivichny?NhJohnsongiithchtrongmt
cuc cht vn chnh thc v chuyn cng du, khng phi ch mnh ng Dim v gia nh ng chu i x nh vy. ng Dim phc tp, xa cch, v
chungquanhnglnhngngi"khngxngngvkmnnglc".NhngsthtvnlkhngcnginokhcMsdngnhmgivng
lptrngchngchnghaCngsnngNam.KhiSiGn,trongmtkhonhkhcphnkhivvuisng,JohnsonhohngtuynbNg
nhDimlWinstonChurchillcachu.
"ngcthcsmunnivy?",nhboStanleyKarnowhi.
"Ct",Johnsonlnhtrli,"Dimchlcubduynhtchngtatmcy".
KarnowkhngthvitiulnboSaturdayEveningPost,nhphngvintNewYorkTimesHomerBigartsngchracmtnivtnhth
khkhncaMVitNam:"ChmhocbicngviNgnhDim".NldngucamtcakhcmBigartpharahtvibnbtrong
giibochSiGntheogiaiiubiI'manOldOldCowhand":
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CngviNgnhDim
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Dinh,nigianhngNhuang.BvnuingiTucaabnhnhtbtrngmtmnhbom,cht.CcongilncavchngngNhu,L
Thy,vngicbnhtnhtrongcnhnlon.Cgimisutuiblltcuhaiaemnh,mtahaituivmtachatimitui,
khicuthangchnhsptrongngla.
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nhottnghaixungmtngst,g,siringvomtngtrothanmchy.Bphthinmnhbbavtbngnngbavnhngvtct
sutrncnhtay,nhnglmtiulbkhngcmthyaungc.Bkhngcbtccmgicgngoitrthykhcng,khxuay
86/138
8/6/2016
nhngthlnngimnhchuirakhinghnn.Nhngbbitbphichuira.Mtthunglngnhsngangvygimtlngithong
quaxuatanmkhikhingib.Bchabaogithyrrngnth.Bnhnvtquangtntch.Vtquanhngcibngdigyca
Dinh,mtngunsngrcrangdngln.Phclnhvthngxt.Longchongngnblmtbnghnhitronglachy.lchngb
angitmb,kulnmngrkhithybvngnghbcht.Nhngphintoihnnhncahcdpquamtbn,hlilmtbnnhau
tnhtltronggiypht.BNhungtlmvovngtaychng.
BNhumtgnnhttccacitrongmchy.Mtvibqunonmtimmaycnnguynvn,v,nhsaunytibit,mtcunnhtk.
Nhngchinliphmcab,nhngbdacpqugi,chcnlmtmdachykht.Chcnnhngkclivib.Nhngbngcnhinthy
mnhkhngbunnn.Mtcigmimmratrongtmhnb,ngnhnmrakhibrobcquamtcycuminTrungVitNamkhi
cnlmtphnhmmttuiviaconnhtrntay.Bskhngbaogiquantmnnhngcivnvtnhqunohaycacivtchtna.
NhngtmnhchpnhngngiphngianhngbdacptrongphngngDinhcabNhucngthmphnxcngbithmhapn
binDinhthnhmtcnhtngtantnhvvn.
Ticnthndntngtmnhvocunalbum,mitmmttrangvmitrangcbovbngmtminggiydamn.Cunalbumtichnc
mu,cmaymn,ttnhin.Tigiisaukhichnngxpvinubngthtnutin.pli,bhtlicatngti.Victihon
thnhthchthccabchcchnlmtduhiuthingling.Nhngbchahontonsnsng,bni,thchinlihachuyngiaocunhik.
Tinnkinnhn,bqutrch.
Dnhin,tisbitrhn.
1 MarthaT.Moore,"PhngvnJeanSmith",USAToday,26thng9nm2010.
2 LitrchdncaLBJtrongPresidentKennedy:ProfileofPowercaRichardReeves(NewYork:SimonandShuster,1994),118.
3 GhichpvhnhtrnhSiGncaJohnsons,xemDeathofaGeneration:HowtheAssassinationsofDiemandJFKProlongedtheVietnamWar
CiChtCaMtThH:NhngvmstDimvJFKkodichintranhVitNamnhthnocaHowardJones(Oxford:Oxford
UniversityPress,2004),6165.
4 VvicLDunvVitCngltDimvccquanthythcdn,xemLangguth,OurVietnam,113114.
5 Langguth,OurVietnam,389,393,399"intntBNgoigiaoginisqunVitNam",FRUS,19611963,2:159160.
6 Vnhngchthmingvnhngconsthngvongblmsailch,xemABrightShiningLie:JohnPaulVannandAmericainVietnamcaNeil
Sheehan,(NewYork:Vintage,1989),123125.
7 ThngtinvnhngschlccaVitCngivismnhcaHoaKVitNam,"AStudy:VietCongUseofTerror",Thng5,1966,USAID,
http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADX570.pdf.
8 Malcolmw.Browne,TheNewFaceofWarDinMoMiCaChit^Tranh(Indianapolis:BobbsMerrill,1968),2728.
9 NhngchititvhnhtrnhSiGncaLBJvlitrchdncaKarnowtrongJones,DeathofaGeneration,61.
10 XemghichpvcuctrchuyngiaElbridgeDurbrowvbNhu,ForeignServiceDispatch28,8thng7nm1960.
11 Vthihoinghi,xemElbridgeDurbrow,ForeignServiceDispatch,15thng7nm1960.Vnhnnhcanhngoigiaorngnulini
lthtthcngchngcgkhcbit,xemReneGeorgeInagaki,w.FishelPapers,MichiganStateUniversity,ArchivesandHistoricalCollections,
box1223,folder40.
87/138
8/6/2016
12 Halberstam,Quagmire,101.
13 XemAirgramA217tSiGn,1thng11,1962,dnnhngsliungtrnThiBoVietnamesenewsvo24thng10nm1962.Scigliano,
SouthVietnam,173.
14 Shaplen,LostRevolution,157.
15 Higgins,OurVietnamNghtmare,195.
16 Vlibnh"shit"caLBJ,xemStanleyKarnow,Vietnam:AHistory(NewYork:PenguinBooks,1997),230.VbihtcaBigart,xemWilliam
Prochnau,OnceuponaDistantWar:YoungWarCorrespondentsintheEarlyVietnamBattles(NewYork:RandomHouse,1995),4849.
Chng11
TRAITRVLOLNG
N"DavidHalberstamchthmqua",tithntrngbotinnyvibNhuvothngTnm2007."lmtvngxe".Tikhngbitchcbtheo
dinhngbincthissuscnmcno.Tithmchcntchcchnhnvvicbsphnngrasaokhinghentncaphngvin
tNewYorkTimesvlngibtvitnhiu,ngibtngbitSiGnnhiunmtrcy.
Cophvngchytrntborabuisng:
Cao,cmvung,hpdnvigingnigyntngtrmsunhthnvanglntmtcchnngta.ngHalberstamthnhcnghontonvit
cchnhbotrongnhngnmuthpnin1960khivitvcucchinskhicangiMNamVitNamchotNewYorkTimes.
Nhngtngthutcang,bncnhnhngtngthutcangnghip,gieotnhiuhnghirngchnhquynthamnhngNamVitNamc
huthuncaHoaKkhngsnhbngnhngdukchqunCngsnvccngminhBcVitcah.1
"Hm,nhngkgiinhtvnhngkthngminhnht",bni,khintingcnhinbngcchnhcngayntacunschxutbnnm1972ca
ngy."Khng,tikhngbitngycht.Rttic".
Bkhngcvbunlm,nhngiukhngcgl.TnhnggtibitvcchatincaHalberstam,ngykhngthchbNhu,vbtacng
khngagng.ngchorngb"kiuhnhvvdng"vkttib"bisuvochnhtrcabnnngbngsngudtrrtvkhngche
giuc".Trongcunschnm1964camnh,"Toramtvngly",HalberstamnivbNhu,"iviti,blcnocnggingnhmtnhn
vtcalanFlemingbcvocucsngthc:mtphnnthn,mtnginbctitnhdcxinhpnhnghimc,iukhinmtsccu
bmtmJamesBondtmcchhydit"2.ngphphnkchlitskhaokhtquynlcchnhtrcabNhunmctinlinbniviai
vonm1963,"Halberstamsbnngquay,vtisvuisngcungcpmvdimqut".
Cthbgidnhnsaubnchcnm,hoccthkccabtrnnmmmihn.NhngphnngcabNhutrccichttngt
caDavidHalberstambnmibnnmsaulmtisngstkhibnhnngtasusclmsao."ngythngminh,mttrongnhngngi
himhoinistht".
Qutht,nglmvy,ctrongcunsch"Nhngkgiinhtvnhngkthngminhnht",mbNhucp,lntrongliatinscso,
trcdingipngginhgiiPulitzernm1964.NhngsthtcaHalberstamlmchochnhquynMkhchuvgiichcqunsintit.ng
88/138
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tnglngiutinvchchothyrngchintranhVitNamskhnginu.ThnhthongnglichchothyrngHoaKanglmhng
smnhcanngNam.GiihnlmvtrthctrthnhttrongchnhquynKennedyngomntranhngchnhschthchthclng
trithngthng.ivibNhu,hncngctnhiuminhoankhithynhngkltgianhbblumbicchatincaHalberstam.
NhngHalberstamcnglnting,vlpilpli,lichogianhhNgvthtbicaMVitNam.TintccangcWashingtoncrt
k.BnthnTngthngKennedyyucuCIAnghincutngbibodonhbotrnyvit,vmimtbococaCIAbaogmnhiutrangphn
tchcchdngn.CIAktlunrngnhbotrnyccthngtinvccskintrctipNamVitNamchnhxchnascc"cvn"
quns.AnhtangkhinirngCngqunangthngvlingkhituynbrngccdukchqunCngsnctrangbttv"thaotngvng
ngbngsngCuLong".3
CIA i n mt kt lun quan trng khc v nhng tin tc ca Halberstam. Nhng bi bo "lc no cng bi quan" gp phn trc tip vo s khng
hongchnhtrNamVitNam.CIAiDavidHalberstamchutrchnhimvsrnntcachhNg.Nhngtintccang,hni,gpphn
dnnssuyspcan.LiubNhucbitnchititny?4
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nmckhihnhnthyccchnhschtchnhphcahbbNhuvgianhblmchotrytrt,ccnhbonydngnhquytnht
mnh,vitcchnhngngiMtt,thayitnhhnhNamVitNam,cngnhathngtinvn.Mcchcahkhngcgkhclthay
ich.
HtichoanhemhNgvmichuyngnnhsailcsovinlchuthuncaMNamVitNam.ChsaukhingDimvngNhu
chtithchnhHalberstammiktlunrngvttctintcvnhngsailmcachNgnhDim,ngnginkhngbiquan.Vn
khngchlsngomncangDimqutc,chnghaduytrtrtrcangNhu,haynhngmuvlicnhncabNhu.Nhngchi
thnhcngVitNamsavovnglydyc.Nhngvolc,qumun.5
BNhuhnhnhchabaogihiucvaitrcabochVitNam.Btngccphngvinphibmchtvolptrngchungvkvngh
lplinhnggDinhTngthngnivih.Tmkimnhngnguntinbnngoilthiutntrng.B,ngNhu,vngDimukhngnidi,t
nhtlkhngcnidi,viboch.Htinnhngiungngnmhangtuyntruynnhnhngthnglivangdimqunicahginh
cnngthnhaystrungthnhcadnchngivich.Hcmthyccphngvinkhngquantmngmcnnhngcuchuyn
tchcc.Tisaokhngnivccchngtrnhytvphclixhi?Thayvohtptrungvonhngcitiucc.BNhutmcchqumng
h."Ccbnlmnhthmnhchlnhngkhngiy,ccbnkhnghiurngccbncngchngtivchngticnshuthuncacc
bnsao?"6.DinhTngthngvbochkhnghiunhau.Ccphngvinchmbimb,cnbthcramtkhinhthngh.
Vttcnhngiu,nnkhinghetinDavidHalberstamcht,bNhucvnhkhngmunnghnnhcanhbotrlmuncvchovic
ltchcagianhb.Thayvvybnhnchuynanhtatngbcbnhthno."Anhtasosnhquynlccativiquynlcca
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ri!Nhthgnchobqunhiuquynlclngngn,nhngtngbcbthcngvy.
DavidHalberstamnglnhnranhnguimlnnhtcabNhu:snhtqunvquyttmcab.ngbnhlunvnimtinstcab
vochnhbnthnvltngcab.NhngHalberstamcngnhnthysxctnngn,trongkhithhin,cthlkhuytimchtngi
vtnhcchnhthno.BNhukhngthhocskhngthykhacnh.Ngclibchthchcchngmtvb:"BNhuthcsthmkht
nhnglnghidnhcholnht.Blngiduynhttronggianhingtheocchmtnhctivinngkhiutnhinvnimvuithchr
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89/138
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cabcthy".
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"Titipngta",bNhuboti,nhthbbanvinhdchomtnhbohnhtinchminxsnycmythng.Khngdcngi
trcmtnhtPhunhncaVitNamCngha.Nginomunphngvnbuphitriquanhngthtcnhiukh.Trchtanhtaphi
trnhtrngnghmtcucgpknvvitmtlththntnhgichobnurnhngganhtamunhi.Nungicphngvnchpthun,
chcchnnhvy,thnhboscchnmtngicaohnmtmtrivnnghnbnmiklbNhuxuthinntng.Bthng
dinodi,cnthnvutthngnhngnpgpla,rilathnhnhngngixungkhnglmnhuchico.Cighcchmtrcukgn
nhcingaivngncnggingnhvyhnkhibnnhcichungtrongtay.uvanglnmttingchung.Halberstamvitvschmtrn
cangvinhngkthutphngvncabNhutrongcunschTheMakingofaQuagmirevmtvicctiptrvkobch"binhng
ngihunamnhbcimnhkhmnmtrnggingnhmtthtratnthitrungcno"8.
HalberstamnSiGnngvolcmtcphivinkhcrii.FranoisSully,mtngiPhplmvicchoNewsweek,lmbNhukhchu.
ngbtrcxutsaumilmnmxny.Ldo?Mtbivitngy20thngTmnm1962kmtheotmnhchpccngitnhcabNhu
ibnqunscabvichthch"NdnqunSiGn:kthcthmnglcvshnghi".GiibochHoaKSiGnkhngbun
khithySullyrai.Tintccangyumtrongkhichnhschchnhthcvnmtmclcquan.NhngHalberstamghilinhngkinng
ch.SullyriVitNamnhmtngihngboch,cthnivy.Haicgitrginglitrongmtcahiuxinthbtcang.KhiSully
chunbtrtinthuxutcnhnhthnglchochuynraicamnh,mtvinchcaphngmmci,bttayng,vkhngnhntin.ng
giSullyl"ngibnchnchnh"caVitNamvnisthc,daun.
PhngvinhngtinAPMalcolmBrownechiasgiithngPulitzernm1964viHalberstamvnhngtintccahvVitNam.Hcncchung
quanimvbNhu."Btalloingirttph",Brownevsaukhngnhnhvy."Blunvuivtrchuynvicnhnhbochngti,nu
bcthyntrnhnggchngtivitltngbcb",iunycngngycngkhngng.BrownecngmincngcangibNhu."Blmt
trong nhng ti sn ln nht ca ng Dim v ng Nhu", khng c ngha ng ngh rng l iu tt cho s ng h ca Hoa K Vit Nam. "B
thnghangvimng,rtnguyhimchob",ngnhli."Blmngitaintit,nhngbcanm".
BrownechpbcnhnhstthiuvothngSunm1963.lmtbcnhkinhhong.Khunmtnhsnhnnhmlitrongauntt
cng.ThchQungctthiuphnichhNg,vbNhuchcthnibs"vtaychomtvnngnhskhc".Bcnh,v
phnngtheokiuMarieAntoinettecab,chongitahiuthmvnhnggangdinraNamVitNamcngnhiunhbtkcuchuynno
cacccphivinncngoi.BcnhcaBrownetrnbnlmviccaTngthngJohnF.KennedykhingphitnisnVitNam
Cngha,HenryCabotLodge,ngihiurngnhimvcangllmttcvhiuhabNhu.9
JohnMecklin,mtcunhbosauchuynsanglmcngchc,atinvsktthccangDngt1953n1955vtrlinm1961vi
tcchlvinchccaSThngtinHoaK.ngcngnhnnhngtcnglchsmccphngvinanggyravtronghikcamnh,Mission
inTorment,chorngtintccanhngnginhHalberstamvBrownegpphnltchNgnhDim.Tichtnghtrongkhiccunsch
cangrngbNhung.CckgivbNhunhmtngihoangtngvinkhngnltmnhbnghgiibochtmcchhm
hib.Chaibnung.
TichyxelnMarylandthmStanleyKarnow,ngivitcunschhonhogntmtrmtrang,Vietnam:AHistory,mtimangtheotrong
chuyniutinnVitNam.ngmitinhnhlangcknhchenhng,chngtiungcphen,phasn,vKarnowthtiu
thucnyniukhckhihitnglinhngngySiGn.
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BNhu,Karnowni,lnbhnlnhnquyn,"rtmdng,lunphvgitnhcamnh".Btotn,vuinhn,nhynht,vl"mtcn
sngngmkhngaicthkimsotb".NgiM,bNhuni,angsdngvintrcah"toranhngtaysaingiVitvddphn
VitNamvoconngsuyi".BtuynbrngccphngvinManghotngchnglib,rngtNewYorkTimesnhnhil40.000
ngbiphngvnmtlnhoVitCng,vrngtboMuytnnylmtphnca"mmuCngsnquct''munnhnchmtnc
b.KarnovnhlingDimtrongthmtmnaonngtrcnhnggemdungni.BbuctiTaisMedavtngtin,tuynbvi
cthgiirngcn"mtcscinlyliccgicquancamnh",vtgiciyMJohnPaulVann,cvncamtvintngquniVit
NamCngha,l"nhqunphitngoiquc",ngi"lmriccquanchc[NamVitNam]KarnowkhngnghsxcxccabNhulim
mnh. "Mc d b khng ngc nghch, b khng c s mn cm c bit. B khng nhn thc c rng b ang du vo la" ca cng lun
chnglich.
Nh Browne v Halberstam, Stanley Karnow vit v nhng sai lm nguy him m Hoa K phm phi khi hu thun cho ch h Ng Si Gn.
Nhngkhngnhnhngngikhc,Karnowdmixanmcsuyonrng,dhcthlmdngt"tdo"xuxanmcno,thnung
Dim,ngNhu,vbNhucntiv,h"skhngbaogichoquniHoaKvo",hoctnhtlkhngchovovislnglnnhvy.Chin
tranhvittcskinhhongcancthkhngxyra.
TbotingAnhathchcabNhulTimesofVietnam,cxutbnbinhngngibnthncabSiGn,AnnvGeneGregory.Haiv
chngGregorySiGnluhnhuhtngiM,hnyvonm1952nhmtbphncaSThngtinHoaK.SauchuyntrvHoaK
ngnngi,hquaylikhiGenenhnchcbngcaQuFordthchinmtnghincuvcccutrcxhikinhtangphttrinca
mtqucgia"chmithotrakhichphongkin". 10VchngGregoryblisaulngcngsvthgiihcthutkhihmuaccilcby
giltunbotingAnh.TrntNewsweeknm1963cmttiusslcvvchngGregorymtGene"mpmpvcimtlcnocng
chmchpnhngingdnhlangikhc"nhngscsosmnhnractimnngchotbocangnungmccmclin
quannDinhnhmtachbytccquanimcan.TTimesrtthnhcng,vnsmtrthnhnhtbo.Nivnnhmtcucphiu
luthnhcngthcthgylmln.Nphthnhchvingnbn,nhngaicnslnglnkhiccgiquantrngnhtqucgiany?11
CccphivinngoiquckhckhngquanhttvivchngGregorySiGn.Haivchngsngtrongmtbitthmukemtikhungoi
ton ngi Vit Nam. BAnn c mi tc vng v y nng lng nh s ha nh ca chng, v Gene bo ln khin ngi ta ngh ng hon ton
khngginggviccnhbotrnngnyrytrongthnhph.Nghlmbokhngphhpvitnhcchcangnmctrongnhiunmmi
nginghrngchlcivbngoivngvchocngvicchnhcanglipvin,mtkiu"nhnvtJamesBondbonho"givthncn
vianhemngNhuvnhimvcangltheostmihnhngcah.Nhngginhsaibtnh.VchngGregorydnhqunhiutrang
bocahnhmphhoiccngnghiptcbtcthgkhchnnhngkbtrungthnhcach.Mttrongnhngtabo
trangnhtcahphphnkchlitphngvinhngUPINeilSheehanvit,"UPInilo,nilo,nilo".KhiccbintpvincaDavidHalberstam
yucungvitmtbivtbo,ngtrlirngvitbtcchtgchnhxcvnhngngislbinh,cnvitbtccigkhngbi
nhthslqukhoandung. 12HcgivngNamBernardFalltngbitvchngGregorykhingsphonthnhbngtinsvkhoahc
chnhtrihcCornell.Hbthanmctuytgiao,cvnhngnAnntinbc,mAnnlngigipngnhmylunn.Khihgp
linhau,cchSiGnhngngncys,cuctinghtscvuiv.Fallvitmydngchovng,Dorothy,vskin:"Anhmunembitiu
nyemcthchnhngngmcvigiicmquynHoaK,phngcchuyngxynvianhy",ngrngAnnvGene
lantruynnhngtinnchbaivngvmtlinixuthvinhngkxusrtnguyhim.13
TboTimesofVietnamlvgiiviDinh.NtraochochnymtphngtintuyntruynnhngquanimcamnhbngtingAnh.
NhiungichorngGeneGregorycxeankhpthnhphtrongchicxePeugeotenvvchngGregorycgianhngNhuqu
mnnvycm.AnniuhnhtbohngngyvgipbNhudchratingAnhnhngtuynbcabvNgyLiniPhnhoclk
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nimHaiBTrng.CcdinvncabNhulcnocnglthvthngchnngnnkhtin,vlungykhhiu.
KhinghincuvbNhu,tighiliyccdinvncabnhnratnhchtlanmancachng.Bdngthqukh,hintivtnglai,
vblpilplinbcmnh.Chcmtngibnthn,nhAnnGregory,micthtmrachtrntbocabngchnghocthm
chchtngphn.Nhng,boTimesrthayinlitonbccdinvn.TbosmcbittingnhlciloacabNhu.Thmchbcnnhn
ltcgicamtsbibo,nhbibucticcnhnvintnhboMSiGnl"nhnggthanhninhoinghinhQucx"angmmult
chnhquyn.PhongcchcabNhuquctrngmonhnphongcchnginokhc.Caikhcckttimingi"sayru"?Phng
vinNewsYorkTimesHalberstam"sayru".TngthngKennedy"sayru".CcPhttvthmchchamb"sayru".TTimesofVietnam
inbi"chindchgiiru"cabNhu,vicumurtlnxn:"Mtchindchgiiruphicmrangaylptcnhmgiiruchonhng
aithcsmuncgiiru".
VttcnhngrcribNhugyrakhibniccipvinCIA"gingnhQucx",cobuccabchorngHoaKangmmultch
NgnhDimtrachnhxcvitunsaukhibibocvitthucabNhuxuthin.SsuyspcagianhhNgcngkotheossuy
spcavchngGregory.BoTimesbtsch.AnnGregoryphichytrnvtmnitrntrongTaisM.BriSiGnnThySngay
sau,nibvbNhutiptctrchuyn.KhitihibNhuvtnhbncabviAnn,bkhckhchcivnihaingitngvuivvinhau
nthynhmnhtrli.
BNhucngcnhngngibinhchomnhtrongbogiichnhmch.MargueriteHigginslmvicchotNewYorkHeraldTribunevitcchl
cphivinchintranhtronghaichcnmtrckhichuynsangtNewsdayricphinVitNam.Btrathngcmvicnhngca
RngCi.
HigginsnVitNamphngvnbNhuvtmhiusquaqucgianyvonm1963.Lnubnmmixsnylkhibmisuthngtui
vbbnhstrt.GianhbangsngHngKng,vbcskhuynchamabemnnvngniiLtngDngthuc
Phpncthkhngkhtronglnh.NhngcihnhntoLtthayvtrliutruynthmbnh,nhngabgpmayhnng
ngoi mnh, mt s quan trong qun i thc dn Php, ngi cht v mt cn bnh nhit i Vit Nam. Higgins li gp may khi b c giao
nhimvatinvthtbicangiPhpinBinPhnm1954.BangibncnhnhipnhgianitingRobertCapathngtaptrng
mn,cht.LcbnthnHigginsniting.TpchLifecangicgicimtsngrcmcqunkakixncaovmangigiytennisnhc
gigandphithngtrongculcbccnhbongoiquctonmyru.Cichthchditmnhghi,"Higginsvnclmmicchthuht".
14
CngnhbNhu,Higginsnitinglngithamvngkhngchegiu.Chainginbnycthrtnhntmvkhnghshikhiimt
vikth.CuiThchinthhai,trongkhiatinDachaucgiiphng,HigginstrngdngmtchicxeJeepvlichyvolnhthncc.
BnthnbkhngtrangbvkhvchpnhnsuhngcanhiubinhlnhpheTrcangrtlui,chdnglikhichicxeJeepkhngthch
thmvkh.BSeoulvothngSunm1950,khinhngngiBcHnxmlng.Bbivobsaukhitucabbchmvphiibhnhai
chc cy s, nhng ri Higgins thot c v ni ting. B l ngi ph n u tin c gii Pulitzer v a tin quc t, v c hng tin AP
(AssociatedPress)vinhdanhlNgiPhncaNm,nm1951.15
CngnhcccphivinkhcSiGnnm1963,Higginshontontinvohcthuytdomino.Nhngbphtbiuthngthnglptrngchng
cngcamnhhnhnccnhboMkhc.HigginsnghvicsdngbomnguyntchngliTrungCngvgicucchinchngchngha
Cngsnl"ThchinThba".BsnsnglmbtccigbovncMvHigginsmunrngnhngtrnnhnhvydinra"cchxa
SanFranciscovNewYork".BthngcmvitnhtrngctihinnhincachSiGn,minlnchuynchdichiubidnch.Sau
nyHigginssphnhniuny,nhngtpchTimetrchlibnivimtphngvintrongbantiSiGnrngcccphivinMNam
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VitNam"munthychngtathtbitrongcucchinnychngthng".lmtbnhlunkchng.16
KhiHigginsgpbNhuDinh,nhtPhunhnmmciv"trngkhngcchtghungd".Higginsmtbmtcchngngm:"Ciubi
caotnglntcen,vmtclathatrctrn.Ciodilatrngcab,trangphctruynthngcaVitNam,mstcithnhnhcni
lmgilnnimkiuhnhphn.BmangigiymmvigtcaokiuPhp.Nhngcimngtayditiuthcchichutbngncsn
hng".17
HigginscngkhaicatngsdngcmcnhncabNhu,vbcthngcmvicungcchmmtphncctnhhungdvkinquyti
mtvinguycbmtdanhdtrccnglun.
Higginstnglchcanhiunonvnhngcucphiulutnhdccab.Btngcchol"ngythnhrnhmang"vbchnho
cnhiunamtnhchvbthnhcngtrongthgiicanng.KhicngikviHomerBigartcatNewYorkTimesrngHigginsmisinhcon
ulng,ngheningpli,"Tuytvi.Ailmvy?"Phnngcngtrnncchnkhiabchtnmngysaukhibsinhnon.
HigginsnSiGnvomahnm1963ngvolcbNhudintvtthiucamtnhsl"ticnngngoitri".Thtmanrkhinivy.
NhngkhiHigginshibvcuniticnngngoitri,bthamnvicutrlicabNhu:"Tidngnhngchvchngcgitrgysc.
Cnthitphibngcchnogyscchocthgii,hthotkhicnmmtronghnhnvoVitNam".Trongvngviphtgpb,
HigginsthyqurvnthcmbNhuimt.LmthnoM,mtqucgiatheoHigginsl"mtxhibnhthn,bngquan,vtm,ngli
tivo",cthhiuc"mtValkyriephngngrcrihungtn?"18
HigginsnhnthybNhunhmtconngitrnvnhnlconRngCimbchunbgp.BkhngcvngvibNhukhisdngv
pngoihnhcabshpdntnhdccnglmtvkhkhngththiutrongkhocaHiggins.BNhurrnglmtngimncn:Khia
congibntuicabchyvocnphngnicucphngvnangdinra,bNhukhnglngingrylamvuivxoauatrvchonci
ruybngnchtmchitrongsutthigiancnlicacucnichuyn.HigginsnhnthybNhumtngivmthmvlphpmcd,
nhbNhuthanhnviHigginstrongbuiphngvn,tnhyubdnhchochng"khngphilthtnhyuammddi".Higginscngcth
cmthngviiuny.Trckhilychng,bthanthvimtngibnrngchkhinonngthvnhchintranhlcbmithymc
chcaviclpgianh.BkhngthycduhiugvlisngxahoahaygiuccabNhunhni,vbkhngthycvngvis
khaokhtquynlccab."Quynlcltuytvi",bNhunivib.Higginsng.
Vttcnhngldovnhiuldokhcna,HigginsquytnhsgipbNhu.Bhnhngnhmtngibn,bni,v"nhmtcngdn
Mchkhngphinhmtnhbo".ngth,Higginschobnhnggivcchdintmith,baogmtonbnhngonvnavo
ccdinvntnglaicabvccchchintranh,Phtgio,vkimsotboch.BcngchobNhunhnglikhuynquantrngvnhngg
khngnitrcboch,cpnhtchobbitnhngtngcthgyntngkhngttvkhuynbkhngcngkhaichtrchTngthngKennedy.
BNhunghbcthphtlnhngkgimphavplnnhnglinvucchintranh,ratin,vcctikhonngnhngngoiquc.
Bkhnghiucrngnhngnhnthccamingi,dkhngchnhxc,vntoramtthctmbcniph.Higginslmc.Btm
cchlmchothanhdanhcabNhusngt,khngdnhgnthamnhng.HigginsvitchomcabNhu:
BNgoigiaovCcTnhboTrungng(CIA)nirngkhngcbngchngthamnhngvphacongibhaybtkthnhvinnocagianh
NgnhNhu.Khngcduhiunochothyhthugomcngtinsdngcnhn.iucphhpvihiubitcabvhoncnh
cabNhukhng?
Thlichoticpthngthnvnny.Nubcmthykhngmuntrli,ticthhiuphnno.
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Trntrng,
MargueriteHiggins
MbNhutrlibngmtcu,dcclc,xcnhnkincaHiggins:"TikhngtinTngthngNgnhDimvvchngNgnhNhutham
nhng".19
ChnhbNhutmcshuthuncngkhaicamtngibnMcchngrtquantrng:ClareBoothLuce.Lucelcuphngvinchin
tranhvmtngiciosangCnggio.Bcngctringhimcamtngiphntinng,xinhp,giuc,vgytranhcitrongmtcng
chng.Lmtnhvitkchthnhcng,bilntvtrthktasoncatVoguevcingichhaitpchqucTimevLife,HenryLuce.
Cuchnnhnttpkhnglmbhontonthamn.LucecbuvoHnghvintHtFairfeld,bangConnecticut,vcTngthng
DwightEisenhowerbnhimlmisnm1952.Bbittnhiuvthamvng.
VchngLucecngnghchnhschcangCngha,chngCngsn.HulthnhvincaNhmvnngHnhlangvTrungHoatng
nghTngGiiThchtrckhiMaolnnmquyn.TpchTimebnhvcchNgnhDimngaytu,chomngTngthngvgia
nhngnhnhngnhiquckinnh,mo.VvykhngcgngcnhinkhiClareLucengvphabNhu.Lucenirngnhnggang
xyraVitNam"gingmtcchngngcnhinviThngchTngGiiThchvbTngMLinhTrungHoakhiBNgoigiaotngtct
vintrchohvriMaoTrchngginhchnhquynTrungHoa".
LucetmnhlmmichuynngaylcnyvvitmtbiinhchotNationalReviewbinhchobNhu.BvchndungnhtPhunhnVit
NamCnghanhmtngimvngiCnggiotntm,mtkiuphatrngiaJacquelineKennedyvEleanorRoosevelt."Tronggiypht,d
ngnngi,calchs,mtphnnouydanhnukhngnilanninhcancM,dngnhnmtrongbntayhngnhtcacnhtaymnhd
tuytpcab".TrongmtnlcdngcmnhngtrtrngdnglihnhnhcabNhuvothngMiMtnm1963,Lucesosnhbvi
mtngiphnMtinphongvgiblngixthnvvngvnhnquyn.20
Mtngytrckhibivitnyxuthintrnbo,Lucenichuynquainthoithtluvi"Dick",RichardMilhousNixon,bnb,ngistr
thnhTngthngthbamibycaHoaK.Lcbygi,Nixonanglochalnhnhngvtthngchnhtrsusc,khilnutinthtbitrong
cuc tranh cTng thng nm 1960 trc Kennedy v sau l cuc chy ua vo chcThng c bang California nm 1962. Luce v Nixon ni
chuynvtnhtrngspVitNamvshuchcahnhtngbNhup,bvykhn.
LucekhngbinhchobNhuvsthinhotrongtmhnb.VitcchmtthnhvintrungthnhcangCngha,bmunKennedytht
bi.LucetinrngJohnF.KennedyangmtngNamvotayCngsn,vbchorngcinhncabNhuvtnhhnhVitNamlrtchnh
xc.CucbucTngthngMspdinra,vLucenghrngmtaigingnhDickbnthncabsidintthnchonhnggitrboth
vchngCngcabtrongNhTrng.LucedngttcsmhoccamnhthuytphcngrngbNhuxngngcbovcngkhai,
nhngbhnphinghetnhiuhoinghitphaNixonvrng,trckhiktthccucnichuyninthoi,Lucetuynb,"Ticgtiang
tranhcTngthng!"21
TisaonhiuphnkhckhngcmthysclicuncabNhunhMargueriteHigginsvClareBootheLucecmthy?Tisaoskthpcav
prngngivsnghimkhclithtbikhnkhnhvynibNhukhinphthuyttninhngphnkhctrongchnhtrngchnghn,
nhng ngi n b dng h Kennedy nh Jean Smith, Ethel v ca Robert, v nht l Jacqueline Kennedy, v caTng thng v l nht Phu
nhncaHoaK?Clvminginhnthchnghanquyncahmangtnhlt?Nkhocchicovavn.BNhucnhiuodip,
nhngbhocbcinhonhmtnginbbtlchocblngmnh"nginngchthc"tronggianhhNg.
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BNhukhngphilngiphnutinngiMgilRngCi.Danhxngnydngnhxutphttnhnvthcutrongtruyntranh
TerryandthePiratesnhngnm1930.ConRngCibimhalnginbquynrghgm.ctoratnhngntmcvphcrt
hungtnlmnirxnggmgccnhvcpmtlolin.chquantmntinbcvquynlc.T,btkngiphnchuno
khngphhpvihnhdungmtphnphngngnhum,phctngmlistsngubdnnhn"rngci".NhongcuicngcaTrung
Hoa,T Hy, l mt, cng nhTng M Linh, ngi s tr thnh bTng GiiThch, v b Mao. Ngi sao in nh M gc chu u tin ca
Hollywood,AnnaMayWong,cchnhocvovaiphkhimtnlmtcnhhoamngmanhhoclconrngciququytvymnhkhe
trongccphimnhTheThiefofBagdadvOldSanFrancisco.
KhibNhutrthnhnhtPhunhncaVitNamCnghanm1954,Mcnlmtqucgiaphnbitchngtc.LutlJimCrowcchlymi
ngitheomudalutlchnghnnhnvsinhsndchngcnghalngisaoinnhAnnaWongkhngthngvaichnhlngmntrong
mtbphimtrphiccbndinvaichnhlngichutinhiutiubang,slbthpphpnuctahnmtnginngdatrngtrn
mnnh.TrnnhbomcaNhtxungTrnChuCngkhincthnchutrthnhmtthcninhnh.McdchinthngcaMtrong
ThchinthhaichmdtvicgiamginhngngiMgcNhttrongcctrit,thiphnbitchngtcvnkhngthayiquamtm.Hc
gingichuSheridanPrassochorngthnglicaMThiBnhDngcngcthmnhkinngichulyukm.Bngvicnmbom
nguyntxungHiroshimavNagasaki,HoaKchngtsthngtrnamtnhcan.VothikTriuTinvVitNam,qucgianysnsng
ngvpha"ccdntcphctng,nhunhclrachuthuascmdcaChnghaCngsn".PrassophthinnhngmtcangiMv
cclnhochuvntnngnhngphmchtntnh:MaoTrchngcgingnitheth,cngnhhaicnhtaydi,nhycmcaphn
vcimingnbHChMinhnhngivyuui,stsngvtnhNgnhDimth"mngmanhdvnhsvinhngnttnhcch
tinhtvncdamung".22
VitNamccoilmtnillm,iutn,phnncnvkhimtn.VvyngiMthybNhuhontonkhhiu.Bkhngkhpvi
nhngtrngicahvmtngiphnphngngvcngkhngkhpviltngcangiM:Blhnhnhtngphnchnhxcvi
ngi ph n tc vng mm ci trn ba t Saturday Evening Post ra thng Mi Hai nm 1962. S bo gii thiu nhng mnh ghp lm nn
"ngiphnM"vchothynhngthicactavgianh,tnhdc,tngio,vxhi.ngGallup,vuacacccuciutradlun,
khostcqucgia,vktqucghinhn.NgiphnMlnginitrvngimlmvictntytonthigian."Mcdnginbly
d,ngivkhngcon,[v]ngimlmlng"tnti,hkhngqutiubiuvdo"ccoan",nncctcgiloihrakhicuckhostny.
"Nghincucachngtichothykhngnhiungichnhphcnhbnitr".TrchnhimcangiV:"Bnphiutinchochngbn".
Vkhcvinhngnginngphitmkimnghatrongcuci,cuciutraktlun,phnMsinhrabitmcchcahmtcch
chnhxc:lmmtngivmangvngimhin.Nivvicihi,cctcgiktlun,phnddngbnglngvithcphm,quno,
vphgipchttcngvicnh."Nginbthcskhngkvngnhiutcuci".
MtthayilniviphnMlsnsngnmbtchilmvichocthngtin.VivicxutbncunTheFeminineMystiquevounm
1963,BettyFriedanctcaotingninuln"vnkhngtn",vththhaicaphntrongxhi,vcunschnykhingphongtro
nquynhiniHoaK.
BNhumphnMctrnbokhngngnngiistincykhinobnghlxngngvlntingihi.Bkhngbingiivvicthch
quynlcvihicao.asphnM"ch"citngcmtphnlmTngthng,v20phntrmphnniphnmdnhluvochnh
trthngliukhngtt.Phnrrnglquxccm.CngchngMvonm1963cmtstngvnhnggkhthivimt
nhtPhunhn.BNhukhngphinhvy.
Jacquelinengvaitthnnhiu.Btrngnhmtngisaoinnh,hcthccao,vnictingPhp.NhngJacquelineKennedycngb
kttrongnhngquicvkhunmucathii.
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8/6/2016
TrongkhibNhucngkhaicangiJacquelineKennedy,dngnhngt"taonh"v"hcthc"mtb,thJacquelinekhngnivbNhunh
vy.BNhu,JacquelineKennedyni,"lttcnhnggJackthykhnghpdn".nhtPhunhncaHoaKnirtrnhmchtrongcucphng
vncghimtnm1964.Nhngngiphnnhiuquynlcchnhtrnichungrtghgm.IndiraGandhi,Thtngtnglaican,
thcsl"mtphnngo,cayc,hunhhoang,kinhkhng".Nhngtrongkhiphnxtngikhc,chnhJackiecngtrakhavgingnh
mtdivtthixaxa.23
NhngngibinhchobcthnirngJackieKennedythanhnnhngcuthccathiib,xcnhnchngnhnhngltchng,
ongcchng.Cth.Vonm1964,qurrngblmtsnphmcathiivkhnggianbsng.Bkhoclcbngcigingththo
quenthucvcuchnnhn"chu"viJack,nhngsphthucvintnh.NivbNhu,mtphnchthcngunhinntchu,
ngikhngchuciuqulyvkhpnp,Jacquelinenghbchlghgm.BNhuhnhngnhthbbctcvnhncquynlct
nng,thayvbitn,vsbctclmchobtrnnkhkhannhnng."Tiskhngngcnhinnuhlhainginngtnh",
JackieththmnivbNhuvClareBootheLuce.Nhngkiuphnnhngphnthamvngmunccigkhngnhmnhvkhng
xuhvvickhngcchonncMcaKennedynm1963.
1 ClydeHaberman,"DavidHalberstam,73,ReporterandAuthor,Dies"NewYorkTimes,24thng4nm2007.
3 LawrenceFreedman,KenneysWars:Berlin,Cuba,Laos,andVietnamNhngCucChinCaKennedy:Berlin,Cuba,LovVitNam(New
York:OxfordUniversityPress,2000),388.
4 MttngktkhcchitvnhngcngthnggiabogiivnhngmcchcaHoaK,xemJones,DeathofaGeneration,208210.
5 VnghtrnhchnhtrcabogiiSiGn,xemOnceuponaDistantWar,354caProchnau:"NcthhbDim,vhsgipnhb
Dim.Hkhngladibnthnvnhngmctiucamnh".
6 BNhuctrchdntrongTheFurtiveWar:TheUnitedStatesinVietnamandLaosCucChinNgm:HoaKVitNamvLocaWilfred
Burchett,(NewYork:InternationalPublicationsCompany,1963),17CIAtheodichtchvicxutbnquynschnyvquanimCngsnv
lptrngnghVitCngcngkhaicatcgi.
9 TngthngKennedygiHenryCabotLodgenSiGnlmisHoaKnhmphnngvicuckhnghongPhtgio.Vquannimca
LodgeivinhimvcangvnhngtrcgicutincangrngVchngNhuphirai"vctnhchcginchnhquynKennedy,
xemLodgeinVietnam:APatriotAbroadcaAnneBlair,(NewHaven,CT:YaleUniversityPress,1995),22,37,40vJones,DeathofaGeneration,
280,304.
10 JoyceHollman,OnTheirOwn:WomenJournalistsandtheAmericanExperienceinVietnam(Cambridge,MA:DaCapoPress,2008),32.
11 "TheGregorysofSaigon",Newsweek,23thng9nm1963,v"MlleReadersinSaigon",Mademoiselle,thng3nm1957.
12 Prochnau,OnceuponaDistantWar,257.
13 DorothyFall,BernardFall:MemoriesofaSoldierSchoar(Washington,D.C:PotomacBooks,2006),9192,117.
14 CarlMydans,"GirlWarCorrespondent",Life,2thng10,1950,51.
15 VnmaycaHigginscuicnght.Trongnhimvnm1965,cmcphicnbnhLeishmaniasis,mtcnbnhnhitichtngi,v
96/138
8/6/2016
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
mttuibnmilm.Xemthm"1950:TheKoreanWar1950:CucChinTriuTin"ColumbiaJournalismSchool,
http://centennial.journalism.columbia.edu/1950thekoreanwar.
HigginsctrchdnbiCharleyMohr,phngvintpchTimeSiGn,trongProchnau,OnceuponaDistantWar,350.
VdinmocabNhuchonnhngmngtaysnhngcab,Higgins,OurVietnamNightmare,62.
Vbnhlun"ValkyriePhngng",xemHiggins,OurVietnamNightmare,63.
ThtvibTrnVnChngctrchtnhngtphscabNgnhNhutrongsgiytcaMargueriteHiggins,Box10,Special
CollectionsResearchCenter,SyracuseUniversityLibrary.
ClareBoothLuce,"TheLadyIsforBurning:TheSevenDeadlySinsofMadameNhu",NationalReview,5thng11,1963.
Box223,Giytgianhvcnhn,ClareBoothLucePapers,ManuscriptDivision,LibraryofCongress,Washington,D.C.
VnhngchndungcymhacanhnglnhtchunhMao,HChMinh,vDim,xemSheridanPrasso,TheAsianMystique:
DragonLadies,GeishaGirsandOurFantasiesoftheExotcOrient(NewYork:PublicAffairs,2006),53,56.
MichaelBeschloss,ed.,withaforwardbyCarolineKennedy,JacquelineKennedy:HistoricConversationsonsonLifewithJohnF.Kennedy,
InterviewswithArthurSchlesinger,Jr.,1964(NewYork:Hyperion,2011).
Chng12
NHNGNHSTTHIU
BNhuhilngvithnhcngcatikhitmlichobnhngbcnhdacpquhilng,bni,nbquytnhnlcgichotibn
tmtttrongmtonduynhtvnhnghiccab.
Tmttcunschcati:HiThnhphicbov.KhinhnSmnhkhpthgiichomingibitSthtvnhnggangxyra
VitNam,tibtunhngchuynivothngChn,1963,LinminhNghvinBelgrade.Trongkhitivngmt,VitNambnginhnh
"ChacuthcaCcQucgia"...MichuynquaytrliviHiThnh,nhBmtFatima,cuthgiikhibhydit...BNgnhNhu.
Cigy?BmtFatima?ChacuthcaCcQucgia?Thaychomtbntmttngngnvcucimtnginbtngyquynlc,
onvntrnnghenhmttrchontmtlicngkchcatngio.KhitihibNhunhnghiccnhncabumiv,mthanhb
trliquanhco.
"ny",bhahn."Tichcnbitrngticthdavoc".
Ticthsbitnhiuhn.
Ththchktipcatiththchsaucng,bNhuhaltmvnbnmtbidinvnvothngTmnm2009camtngiM,mtgim
mcCnggiotnlWilliamSkylstad,trongchuynithmVitNamtSpokane,Washington.CngikvibNhuvchuynvingthmcav
gimmcnmtvnggnstvithnhphHu,mtaimgngivitritimb.VgimmcdngchnnthcMLaVang.ivib
Nhu,tnhbiutngcachuynthmLaVangcavgimmcMhnthna,mtgimmcvnlchtchHinghccGimmcCnggioc
thchnilnmtiu:litlivnhngggyrachogianhb.Tikhngbaoginghenivvgimmcvaim,nhngtihavi
bNhutistmhiu.
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Cctnnirngvonm1789,hnhnhMMariahinramtnibygilhuynHiLng,tnhQungTr,minTrungVitNam.Cctnhu
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VitNamvnangcgngchnglisxmlngcangiPhp.NhNguynbanhnhchdphhyccnhth,ccngvuaMinhMngvT
ckhuynkhchnpoCnggiobngmicch,thmchbngbolc.TtinCnggiocangNhugnnhbxasch.Hnmttrm
thnhvincadnghNgbdnplitrongmtnginhthvthiuchonchtvounhngnm1800.
cMMarianghenihinrakhimtnhmtnCnggioangchytrnmtmngitnsttrongcckhurng.BmcchicodiVit
Namvbngmtab.Tronghoquangvyquanh,bbomingihythngxuyncunguynvtrnanhrngnhnglicukhncah
scchpnhn.Cuchuynckiklictrmnmnay.Lcbygi,nhhngcathcdnPhpVitNamchophpcctn
Cnggiocngkhaithphng,vaimtrthnhnihnhhngchohngtrmngnngiCnggioVitNam.Vongy22thngTm
nm1928,cclinhmccaGiohiCnggiodngthnhltrc200.000ngihnhhng.BNhuchlmtcb,sngvigianhPhtgio
cabtndivngngbng.NhngbkhmphraLaVangnm1943nhmtngiciokhibchuynnHutheogianhchng.Cth
bbthuhtvoaimnyvthnhldinrangvosinhnhtcab.CthbthchhnhtngcMMaria.Hoccthbchmunthot
khinhngngibconbnchngvlycrikhithnhph.Nm1959,chnhquynNgnhDimtuynbaimnylthnhaquc
gia.NhthLaVangsauvonm1961cnngcpthnhTiuVngcungThnhng,chothyVaticanghinhntinhthnchngCngkp
thican.
Cuicng,nivbidinvn,tivntrngtay.Vnphnggimmchtlnggip.Bnthngimmcyucuthkgichotinhngghichp
cangvchuyni.TicthnivibNhunhnggnglobymilmtuimcochngenvkhnthtlngmcchotrinngnc
nhitkhong40Cni.C1.500ngidthnhlMisatinthLaVang,nhngvbiging,ttcnhnggvgimmcnibinmt
trongkhngkhmt.
S tht vng ca b Nhu v ti khng em n kt qu c th thy r. B mun Gim mc Skylstad ni rng c M Maria hin ra Vit Nam
nhngkhngbaogihinraHoaK.BmunngktniviccMMariakhnghinravingiMvnhnggxyrachogianhb.B
munnghenirngvgimmcCnggioythanhnhnhngkinhkhngmngiMgyravhangphitrgi.Nhngtikhngly
cnhngiuchob.
"C'estdommage(tingPhp:Ticqu),qut",bthdi."Cgingnhmtthinthn"."Thab,tirttic".Nhngticthcstickhng?Ti
khngcnchcna.Nhngcucgicabngycngthtthng,nvolckhuyakhothocsngsm.Miy,bcvnnchkhitikhng
thnichuynvabhocvgigiccab.Tithmchcnbtutrnhngheinthoikhimnhnhhinthcucgibo"Khngcmt".
Khichngtiinghhmttun,cnbamibycgcmytrnhpthoi,misutrongsdinralintipnhau.Tibitchcngigi
kintrlai.
TibtuhoinghivicbNhulcnostraochotinhnghiccab,hoc,saukhicbntmlcmbhnhdinvnqunni
thyrngnhnghicyngcc.Tibtuthymtmivitrchimovnchut.Vthtithchthcb.
"Ti khng chc bi ging c ch th no cho hi k ca b", ti ni. "Mi ngi mun bit nhng g thc s xy ra. Vi b. Ch khng phi
nhngdingiitngiovmichuyn".
Tingherbangnnmthith.Nhngtingxdikhinhmittronggingbthiyhaitaiti.
"NgiVitNambitsthc.Btkaixngngubitsthc.Qutchonhngngikhc.Aimnttcccbnch".
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TikhingngcicchtvtngngncchbvithgiiSiGn.KhibNhulnhtPhunhn,thlunc"ccnhngoigiao"
hoc"nhngngiCngsn"tmcchhuytnb.Chngbnirng"ccthlcngoibang"chnglih,"cth...vchngtilCnggio".Ti
khngtmcchchnglibNhuvldonyhayldokhc.nhcatilgipb.Timuncnhnghichugipchomingihiuvcm
thngvib.Nhngtidmcilib,vvtilicati,btatrngphttibngsimlnglnhlngkodi.
BNhutngtngnglinlcviti.Gnmtnmtrckhibgilichoti.
CngciskhngkhngngngnhchomnhlunlunngkhinbNhuvgianhbchunhiurcrivonm1963hnlnhm
thotkhircri.RcriviccPhttbtuHu,vingianhccanmanhemhNgangsng,NgnhThc.
KhngthnonhmlnnhndngcanginngtrongbonhtutrnchicxehichyvhngngoiHumtsngthngNm.Ng
quantrnmtngtrngnngnhnccemngSiGn,rtkhcvivmtthanhthotdnhncangNhu,vcchcangthimmv
ttin.1
NgnhThc,TngGimmcaphnHu,angcxeavlithnhphsauchuynthmnhthLaVangvosngngy7thngNmnm
1963.Suthngtrc,chthncgiohongnngcpnhthLaVangtTiuVngcungThnhngthnhVngcungThnhng.Trn
thct,khngcnhiuthayingoitrviclptmtciconopaeum,cidlahaimuvngchechocthnhchanunginy.
NhngnLaVangcnghacbitiviNgnhThc,bivnggpphnbinmtmnhcncithnhnhbygi:mtachhnh
hng,mttrungtmsngknhMMariangtrinh,vmt"ldo"tichnh.NgnhThcgimstvicxydngQungtrngChuiMnCi,
novtHTnhTm,vvicdngbacyabngbtngtngtrngchoChabangi.Ccquanchcchnhph,tPhTngthngtrxung,
unggptinbcdhkhngphingiCnggio,vviclmgiphcngDimvngemNhuchiuc.
VitcchlTngGimmcaphnHuvanhlncaanhemhNg,NgnhThclngingutronggianh.ngnghlitrongDinh
TngthngkhivoSiGn,clcsngvithngvingDimvvchngngNhu.lmtvtrthunlithcyCnggio.Tranhthlm
ythmcckhonhintng,NgnhThccnchuynccnguntitrcngkhaidnhchoVitNamCnghasangchoGiohi.ngThclm
mranhgiigiagiohivnhnckhinhnc"nhngnhnnhng"tchnhph,chuynnhngtai,nngtrinin,csthng
mi,vbtngsnchoGiohiCnggio,binGiohiCnggiotrthnhngichtlnnhttrongnc. 2ngDimkhmnikhngvi
ngianhccamnh,cbitlkhingThctuynbngcchabncnhphhmnhm.Thamnhngkhngtrctipemlilichcho
ngThctaivtinbcvoGiohi.NhngngithncnnhttronggiiCnggiocangDimbittinbcvtaivou,
nhnghkhngkuca.
NhnghuhtngiVitNamkhngtheoCnggio.HlPhtt,chtlphatrn.TngiophbinnhtVitNamvnlsphatrncaPht
gio,Khnggio,vogio,cngvimtshnhthcthphngttin.asgianhucmtbnthtrongnh,cngnhcctimbun
bncangiVitcbnththnti.BNhulnlntrongmtgianhvatheooPhtvatheooKhng.Minhangnhcbnhnbnth
gianhHNi,mcvongytrngnon(ngyuthngmlch)hngtrmlitrnlnvitinhducamvhoaommbchunbtrc
khibtcnhqulytrcbnthngpyhoaqu.BNhuclbitrngPhtgiocthgilncmxcmnhmvtmvgianhcho
ngi Vit Nam, nhng gia nh Cng gio m b ha nhp khi ly chng khng nhn thy mi chuyn theo cch Tng Gim mcThc cng
khng,vngchorngnghithclnglocaPhtgiomhuhtngiVitNamthchnhnhmtcmtrngncitngio.ngthycm
trngncilththchvchi.GicmcangbinVitNamthnhmtqucgiaCcgiodngnhgnginmctrungi.V
ngThckhnglmgnhiuchegiuthamvngcnhncamnh:trthnhchngycaGiohiCnggio,haythmchcaohnna.
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99/138
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ccgiophiHaHo,CaoivthiusTinLnh,Higiocihiiutngt?Nhngyuschcahgychiar,mVitNamCngha
cnsthngnhtchngliCngsn.GianhhNgnginlkhngthysbchhitngionhskucachnhngvnhnngiPht
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chungdinhnglutloccabNhu,lmchotnhhnhchnmuicthbngn.ThrichhNghnhxviccPhttnhhnh
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100/138
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khongcchanton,ThchQungcqutmtcydimvnrixungtmocsagplicang.Quculatrmlnng.VsPhtgio
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101/138
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NhurrngmunninHoaK.CcquanchcTaisMchongvng,saomtcunihvngoigiaonhvylicthkhngbsa
lng."Nuliphtbiulchnhsch,thnlthmha",hcnhbo.7
NhnglituynbxcphmnhtcabNhuvnchati.Vlnnynkhngbchnvitrongbtktuynbnocahionphnchnhb
nira.CcvPhtttthiul"ccbaticnngngoitri",btuynb.Chvimtcuni,bNhunhotsphncamnh.Mili
kucavchnhphbngchctrnnngtinhnnhiusaukhibNhuctlntingnitnbocach.
TngthngDimtmcchkimsotstnthtbngcchlniphtthanhningphinmunsuscnhthnotrccichtcaThchQung
c.RingnhclibivhinphpbovPhtgio,cnhnnglngicanhgin.CccucmphnviPhtttiptc,vmtvnbngi
lTuynbChungngy16thngSucluhnhtnhtlvmtlthuyt.Vonhngngyltngio,cPhtgiocthctreobnngoi
cngchaminlnphitreochungvilqucklnhn.CPhtgiochctreomtmnhbntrongcha.Vonhngngylcaqucgia,
khngbtklctngionoctreo.Gyntnghnc,trongmtkhonhkhcbclsmmmng,ngDimnithngviccnhbo
103/138
8/6/2016
rngbNhukhngphtngnthaychochnhph.ivihuhtdnchng,quynhnTngthngNgnhDimbaogmbangi:Ngnh
Dim,NgnhNhuvbNhu.Nlcdptttingnithnhvinxuthinnhiunhtnygimquynlccang,cbitkhi,rtnhanhchng,
bNhubytsbtmnhontontrcngthibtbimlng.
BNhukhngthbqua.Cvnhqubtcng:NgiPhtgioinhngbthchnhngb,theob,khngcgsai.Btchixin
livngycngtlmkhmnh:"Tisptannhngchuyn[cchotngcaPhtt]milnna",bniviDavidHalberstam.Nuc
mtvtstna,thmchbachcv,bNhunibsvtayvuimng.
Trongchringtgianh,anhemhNgtiptcphthucvobNhu,ngichohnhnglikhuynhiuqutrongqukh.Githngl,
ngNhungpvvonamngy15thngSu,mtrckhithngcochungckgiiquytvntreoc.nghib,"Chngtann
lmg?"BNhunivingDimnhnggbnghvbnthngcovngta."Anhlkhnnht",bgindthtlntrcmtTngthng.
ngDimchlcuvbobkhnghiu.Lnny,vngyranhnghuquctnhquct.Nqulnivib.8
mbqumtmitranhcithmna.Bnivichngrnghanglmvotnhtrngbtlc.ChngliPhtgiocthsgythmrc
ri,nhngkthngcoxtlilnhtreoclnhntivkhinhgpthmnguycnucctnPhtgiomunhbithnghayitrth.
"YucungDimkvo",bthdinghvthngcochung.Nhngiurtquantrngviblcmtvnkhngbxemnh.KhingDim
kvovnkin,ngnnvitrng,trcht,khngphittcnhnggmngngkulbthpphplplimtsthclhinphp
bovtdotngio.ClngNhuchuynlikhuynnynngDimvvTngthnglmngnhvy,theomtkchbnchtch:"Nhng
vntratrongthngcochungnyctichpthunvnguyntctu".GiiphpcabNhuxoaduccctnPhtgiovvic
treocmkhngthanhnrngchnhquynhnhxsaitri,vbNhunghhaianhemphibitnbvbmtlnnaahthotkhi
tnhcnhkhkhn.9
Vivicthngcochungckkt,ccvlnxncaPhtgiolngxung.Nhngvictreockhngbaogilvnthcs.Nchlngi
nkchhotccvnngmngm,vnhngvntiptcmchy.Chnhphgindkhibochncngoi,cbitlbochM,khng
bquamichuyn.Ccnhbochothydnchngbtmnvich,vcngcnin,dnchngcngphnkhng.Cnhngcucbiutnh
lnSiGn,Lt,NhaTrang,QuiNhn,vHu.Ccnhstiptcdndngccvtstgiacngcng.Ccbiungcahkhngcnyu
cugianhhNgkhoandungtngiobygihkugiltchnhquyn.Dnchngcvnhhnghipli.Chnhphsphnngth
noy?Uyquyncahangbxmlnhngngy.ngNhuthlvivvnishicangrngthnglngviPhtgiocvnhls
yuui.Nuchothyduhiubtlc,anhemhNgsmtccngminhchnhtrdnchngtngqushikhngdmcoithnghskhng
cnshinhvyna.Dinhrtdbtncng.NgidnVitNamcncnhcnhrngaiangnmquyn,vngiMcngvy.
Vongy20thngTm,TngthngDimbanbtnhtrngthitqunlut.QunitrngiccvtrchinlcSiGn,nhngccngicha,ng
Dimni,sciphhtsccntrng.ngDimkhngmuncbtcnhsnobtnthng.
ngningkhngmungythmrcri,vcctnglnhcvtinng.NhngngNhucmtkhochkhc.
Ngayngyhmsau,cnhstchinuvlclngcbitcangNhu,"cciqunxungkch",clnhsnsngchinu.nglnhcho
qunlnhmcqunphcdchinthngl.KhochnynhmgyntngQuniVitNamCnghaangchnglilnhcaTngthng
Dimkhnggylongichochachin.lmthnhnglmtltriinr,nhngngtartmuntomtkhongcchgianhngngiM
khchuvcctnglnhQuniVitNamCngha,mthamvngtipquntncnyangtnglnkhiskimsotilpmtcchc
oncagianhhNghnhnhangngycngthi.ngNhubitrrngngiMskhngthathchomtchindchtnbochngPht
gio.tngQuniVitNamCnghathamgiavomtcuctkchtrithchachinchcchnsgychiargiahaibn.Nhnggib
104/138
8/6/2016
dnhluqunsvocccucbrpchachin,ngNhustolithchonhngngimunngrai.
TingthtcaccPhtt,tinghxpchin,tingknhvnt,tingsnglc,vtrnttc,tingchungchavanglnlintctrnngpkhng
gianm21thngTmnm1963.ChaXLiltnghnhdinhcaPhtgioSiGn.thnglmtniyntnh,nghevngvngnhnghi
kinhuuvnhnghichungvangvng.mntrthnhhintrngcamtcuchnlonbolckodihaitingvmtmnphdin
trngtrncaquynlcvscmnh.DavidHalberstamsngstchngkin,thytrongcnhghsphibychungquanhng"svvncachnh
schngoigiaoM".BNhucngtheodicuctkchtmtchicxetngnmkhngxaHalberstam,nhngbnhnthycnhtngvithi
lcquanhnnhiu.Cnglangcthcthi.10
Tmtrngvuivcabcnkodinngyhmsau,khimtcphivinbochmtnhtPhunhnang"trongtrngthingyngt,ni
nnglunmingnhmtchctrsaucucido".BNhusosnhcuctrith"CngsnPhtgio"mquavicuctiuditbngngBnh
Xuynnm1955,ngoitrbdngnhkhngnhnthccrnglnnychcmtbnnsng.Bkhngchmchvoskinrngnnnhn
lccnhskhngcvkh,utrc.l"ngyhnhphcnhtcaiti",bni,vmtchinthngnachogianhhNg".11
cnglsinhnhtbamichntuicabNhu.HmmtintncachambtMginDinh.Clbmongimtbcththngl,
cphntrnhtrng,mtkiuchcsinhnhtgindmbcchamcamtdngdigichoacontrngthnhcamnh.Nhngribsbitr
hn.lbcintnthhaithnmngysau.
Bcinthnhtlbcincmha.Bngnhngtngmnhm,gnnhdadm,mvchabthcgicbrikhiVitNamcngbn
aconcamnh."Hythotrakhitrungtmchcacnglun",hbob.12CnhnbChngcngchuynthngipnynHenryCabot
LodgekhingchunbriWashingtonnSiGn:ChhNgbcmghtnni"nuhkhngrikhitnc,khngcscmnhnotrn
trngiannycthngnchnmtcucthmstTngthngDim,emtrainglngNhu,vcongiti,bNhu". 13BNhukhnghbitmb
candvobngvicigpngistnglaisaulngb,nhngbintitvlth.Bkhngcnlatrcon,vhkhngthbobanb
philmg.Trongbcintnthhai,chambcvng.khnghlthngipmngsinhnhtmlmtlthxintchc.Vchngng
Chngtbccchcviscaotrng,chabrichcisVitNamCnghatiWashington,mbrichcquanstvincbitcaLin
HipQuctiNewYork.ngChngvit,"Tikhngthtiptcidinchomtchnhphphtllikhuyncativtikhngchpnhnthi
".ChnycngkhaiphnhnrngngChngtchcvchtrchchnhph.Hningtabbinhim.14
Nhnggchllinisungtrcy,vticnngccnhsPhtgiovnhphtnbohn,trthnhmtthctrngrn.Cccuc
rungbchachinPhtgiobiuthchonhnggbNhuphtbiutrongnhiuthng.ngDimkhngbaogicngkhaicttquanhviem
traivmmubrpchachin,nhngngcgichobNhumtbcthring,mtchthtTngthngVitNamCnghagichothnhvin
Quchi:Bkhngcaratuynbgvcccucrungbvkhngcphtbiugthmviboch.
DngnhchclnnyngDimmithuntheoyuschcangiMinhtPhunhncangphiimting.Nhngnglmchosvic
btgysc.MtcucgpcanmmichnthnhvinLinminhNghvinnhmhpvocuithngChnBelgrade.Nskhngcvgltrc
xutnubNhulibiucaVitNamCngha.Baonhiurcribcthgpphinay?
BNhuvuivrai.Bcthnhncaminginhnglimikhcvkodichuyni.BcmithuyttrnhtiCulcbBochHingoi
thnhphNewYork,vtisaokhng,bngh.Nuhcnb,chcchnbsbinhthuytphcchobnthnbvtncb.
Mttmhnhmnht,chacngbchpcgianhtrncuthangcaDinhtrcchuynraicabNhu.aconlnnht,cLThy,icng
vibNhurancngoi,cnngNhuvbaatrkhcngcnhnhauvychoh.HmmcivongknhvbNhutbntaytrnanln
105/138
8/6/2016
vaicgit.Chccgibntuilcvgbtanvtnglaikhittccnglnngraphitrng.
hnh
MtmnghoanhtptrungchungquanhbNhukhibchunbcbidinvntbitphitrngTnSnNht.Hngchcngi,eocvt
bnnhmcvtsmmubtchptrinng,chmngivphamtmnhnnhnhntrngmamangmmcigiamingi.ivimt
ngitnhcnhnthy,cvnhccnhbobbcunhtmtcchtnhin,nhnhngconthiuthnlaovola,khngthchnglinhnvt
khoatrngnhtcachNgnhDim.Chictrmtrnvaitricabchiln,vimtblonglanhnimvuitrcchuyni.Bmcchic
odimunumaykhophlnchicquntrngdpdnvigiycaogt.Bkhoctrnvaimtcitidulchchohnhtrnhdivchickhn
chonglngth.Tcbcbicaoquau,trngtuytptheomtkiutcthitrangcaphn.Nukhngcnhngcimicrophonevnhng
thitbthumtotngcathii,chchnbsgingnhmtphncvyquanhbinhngngingngmkhmnmtheocungcchc
in.
Thayvvy,nhngnginngvyquanhbNhuphitrnghmnmtrongsnhngkchtrchbddinht.ivihvcgiM,b
trthnhmt"connbyuqui",vi"cilirnrt"v"nhngcimngvut"sn.TrongcccuchuyncahvVitNamCngha,h
vbviLucreziaBorgiavMarieAntoinette.
MalcolmBrownenhnhnthyvchngngNhuchotbitnhauphitrng.Haingimnhauvivvimtcihnloucuicng,trng
nhmicpvchngbnhthngkhc.Khimybaychbctcnh,ngNhungcmtnhntheo,haitaybtchttaingntinggmrca
ngc.Caibitcsllncuicngngnhnthyvmnh?Hm,vothiimchicmybaychbNhutrnkhngtrung,nhng
cibnhxecamtktccmmucachnycngkhing.
GinhnlihnhnhccnhbochamicrothnhvngtrnquanhbNhumithyrnmangimtriungngi.Thayvnhngconthiuthn
trcngnlachysng,nginhnmthnhnhhunghimcanhngconcsuvyquanh.Cltbnnngchngngithymimu
tronglnnc.
1 VnhndngkhngthlmlncaNgnhThc,xemHammer,ADeathinNovember,103.
2 VvicThcnhncnhngnhnnhngtnhnc,xem"GicthmtvmtcuctrchuyngiacuisSiGnElbridgeDurbrow
vVVnMu",Paris,POLTO361,1thng10,1963,3.
3 Hammer,ADeathinNovember,113114.
4 Browne,NewFace,175180.
5 VDimvvicthahipnhngyucucaM,xem"GicthmtcaEdwardLansdalegiBtrngQucphngRobertMcNamara",19
thngGing,1961,Thkhqucgia,tngLansdale,CcVinng(BureauofFarEasternAffairs)xemthm"intnsg383tisqun
SiGnnBNgoigiao",18thngBa,1961.VshiusaicaDimvnhnggHoaKmongmunning,xem"Memorandumfromthe
ChiefAdviser,MichiganStateUniversityGroupinVietnam(Fox),toJamesB.HendryofMichiganStateUniversity",17thng2,1962,FRUS,1961
1963,2:152155.VlitrchdncaDimivimongmunduynhtcaMlgiqunnVitNam,xemHammer,ADeathinNovember,
151.
6 Langguth,OurVietnam,493.
7 Vchnhschlmtthmha,xemHalberstam,Quagmire,127.
106/138
8/6/2016
9 MadameNhu,CaillouBlanc,58.
10 VnhngmiutcuctncngvochaXLi,xemProchnau,OnceuponaDistantWar,372373Halberstam,Quagmire,146vDenis
Warner,"AgonyinSaigon:TheLadyandtheCadaverNiauThngSiGn:PhuNhnvTThi",TheReporter,10thng10nm1963,
39.
12 "GicthmtvmtcuctrchuyngiacuisSiGnElbridgeDurbrowvVVnMu",Paris,POLTO361,1thng10,1963.
13 VcucgpgcangvibChng,xem"PhngvnHenryCabotLodge,1979[part2of5]",1979,WGBHMediaLibrary&Archives.
14 VnhngtnhtittrongvtchccangChng,xem"SaddenedDiplomatTranVanChuongWifeDevoutBuddhistLivedinSaigon"NewYork
Times,22thng8nm1963,2vNanRobertson,"ExSaigonEnvoyStartsSadExile:Mrs.NhusParentsTakeaHouseinWashingtonDaughtera
Stranger",NewYorkTimes,22thng9nm1963,3.VvicDimtriuhiisChngtrckhingtchc,xem"Gicthmtvcuctr
chuyngiacuisSiGnElbridgeDurbrowvVVnMu",Paris,POLTO361,1thng10nm1963,3.
Chng13
QUPCTHLMNG
BNhupxungNewYorktrvigisovikhoch.ChuynbaycahngPanAmericantParisgpnhiulonkhngkhutrnbutrii
TyDngnhngcngingcpmnhvomybay.khngphilscmnhduynhtchnglib.CnboFloravncnquanhqunngoi
khincM,tuytinsuvphanam.Nlmthitmng4.000ngiHaiti,vkhngaibitchctiptheonsdichuynnuhays
gyrathithigkhinbvotlincctiubang.MybaychbNhuhcnhxungphitrngIdlewildtrongsyntrcbot.
VicphitrngnyscitnthnhJFK,vvicTngthngJohnFitzgeraldKennedymnhngkcvngnctnvinhsbmstch
trongvitunti,lkhngthnotngtngnitrongbuichiudunngngy7thngMi,nm1963y.Dngnhkhngthnocchuyn
nhnggcnglunMvnxemxtcucchinnhnhtVitNam,mtvngtxaxiphngngllm,sleothangthnhshydittrong
thpkti.SkinVnhBcbvncnmtnmnamixyranhnvinMhindinVitNamchmil15.000cvnqunsrtxavicon
s200.000ngiscmtqucgianyvocuinm1965.Vonm1963,vnchacbbinh.
NhngVitNamnviHoaKtnhtltronghnhdngbnhcabNhuchunbchomtchuynitipxcbochtrntonncM.
Lrabnnshi.Mithangbedogianhb,tncb,thmchsantoncab.Hnhnhbnhnbitminguy.Bcmthy,
bthnhn,mnhnh"conmoconbtmcnmvoutrngst".Chonnlrabphibitbangitrnbngv.Lrabnnimlng.L
rabkhngnnnM.NhngnuvynslmbNhutrnnkhon,mbhontonkhngphinhvy.
Bdndbcrakhimybay,sonmihngtivncirngr.ChuynixuyniTyDnglcyvncnlcigxahoanhngban
thnhson,phcvtheocungcchTrungHoa,vivvnthcung.Minginmctrnhtrngchonhngchuynbay.BNhukhocchickhn
chonglngchnsmmulnbvynubstthnhnhmnhdigiygtnhnliradingquntrng.Bidchaihngghmkhng
chnhlitc,vnlchrichtttrongchuynbaydi.Mtlntcbngbnhbtlnsauvnhtaitrikhibrobctisnhnhga.
MtvityvincpthpcaTaisVitNamCnghaWashington,D.C,cmtsnbaynbNhu.Babntayeogngvictay
thngvychoh,vrtuynghi.CncccthnhvincaphionngoigiaoVitNamCnghaLinHipQuc,vbaotrmlnhlvs
107/138
8/6/2016
nhnggngmtdatrngvnhnrcsng.
BNhuphimtbaolunhnranhngsvngmtngchkhc?KhngcidinchnhthccaHoaK.Khngcailinbang,tiu
bang,haythmchquanchcaphngngpnhtPhunhncancVitNamCngha,ngminhchnhthccaHoaKtrongcuc
chinChintranhLnhchngliChnghaCngsn.Chcmtsquancnhst,cngcpdicaanhta,vbncnhsttuntracathnhph
NewYorkcnhimvbovanninhchob.CuisTrnVnChngvvngcngvngmt.McdthcshangthmNewYorkhm
,nhngkhngnhmmcchncongimnh.Thayvvy,vchngngChngangginghichungbongchokhpthnhphnyv
nhngtnphmcpvchngikhtquynlcNhuXunanggyrachoVitNamCngha.Hcnhborngchnhphkhngthci
cchcna.ChambNhukugitrutphb.
BNhutiptci,bngquamtsnnhangnsnhnhgaPanAmericanmtkhitrnlnllngtrngnhcontuvtrxal.Mt
trmnhbovphngvinnhxynhaucnhnrhnnhngbcchnutincabtrntM.Ccnhbohnphingcnhint
hilmthnomnginbnhbnyliltmachncaqunhiuvnnhvy.Nhngcimicronhxuvnhngcimynhchc
chghinhnmiduhiuthiuttin,mtimyutrongtnhcch.NhngbNhuquenvivictchtrcmng.Ncicabtrngkh
tnhin.
BNhuiticibcdnhsnchob.Bphingtrnmtchicghnhsccimicro.Gingbvanglnrnrivrrngnhting
chungkhibaramtvinhnnhchunbtrcbangtrngchvochuynispti,bni.Mtchickhnchongchegiumt
cigvncthphibytrongmtb.
MtphngvintcuiphnghibNhuvnhngchtrngaicngnhnthytrongmng.BNhuquaysangccongicmitmtui,ngi
thptngbtrongchuyniny,gipvicphindch,vLThytinlignm.LThykiutcngnchmvaihnhquchung.Mtcin
totnggnquthpvomtbngycmgicncthtutrabtclcno.lkiucchthitranglcbygi.CoMaryTylerMoorehai
mibatuicngxuthinvikiutcytrongmthikchtruynhnhDickVanDykeShowsphtsngcuitun.Trngnhmtnsinhngoan
hin,LThyththmvotaimnatingVitnatingPhp.
BNhunhmmtli,khgtu.
"Titrthnh,ngoimuncati,mtconngigytranhci.Tikhngmungyrcrichoaic".VgiytrnncM,bNhuni
blmmicch"chiuvsaochngtakhngthstcnhbnnhau".
KhibNhunitingAnh,gingbtrmbnglnxung,vmtstquynvonhaurr.Linicabnghegnnhvevn.Nhngcinhnvai
nhbuntrckhibchuivochicCadillacchoasnngtrongphnghpthychnhxccighangchi:Hcntrngnmbtmtci
gmngmanhvnhnvnbntrongnginbmhtchobitdanhlRngCi.
LchtrnhkhpknxuynncMcabNhusabiquamihaithnhphtronghaimihaingy.Bcmitrcnnichuyn
mibybuitrniphtthanhvitruynhnh,cngvimibycuchnnichuyn,mimttrongstivinihcvtrngihc.
Bcncmivitcchkhchmidanhdnmilmbuichiuitravti.NhngsnhittnhcangiMckhacnhmmuica
n.
Nhngliminichuynvigiinhbovccskintnhn,ccculcbboch,vcccshcthutcarabtchpmunca
chnhphM.TdobochnhthvscngkhaicoithngnhngmuncachnhphlkhngthtngtngcVitNamCng
ha.Vichcnmsau,bNhuvnkhnghiuc.BvindnnnhmtbngchngvsvmngcabivingiM.Bthi,tisao
108/138
8/6/2016
giitruynthngichngMvcctrnghcdanhginhtcaqucgianycthmib,risauchnhquyntmcchni,"ngn".
DnchngMcncmthintng.ChnhquynMthtmcchngnchnn.Chonnnlmcincthlm,vmtngoigiao,ngn
cnbthmvingqucgiany.HarlanCleverlandBNgoigiaogiringtnisVitNamCnghaHoaKnWashingtonhichnh
quynsticsdngbinphpnonhm"gimnhit"bNhukhng.TnisntSiGnnirquanhngcucnichuynbmtvi
ccquanchcMrngcnhnngnghbnnb"loib",nhngngvnbngginilmsaoviccththchinc.Lolngchocigh
vcthcciucamnh,ngphitnhhn.ngginmbcintnvSiGntrckhibNhunM.ngchbitrngnhtPhunhn
ccndnringphi"trmtnh".Mingikhngtinchuyncthxyra.
CcphngvinMtcnghiprtgii.HcthkhiukhchbNhubccigiangngi.Victhmddngvqubny"khngmayli
quxinhpcthlmng".VthchnhquynMtmcchlmnhcgiitruynthngthayvbNhu.Mtvinchccaocpgiutntrongchnh
phKennedychtrchkhngchnhthccctntuilnnhttronggiitruynthng:CBS,NBC,Time,Newsweek,vNewYorkPost.Hangch
qunhiunRngCiny.LnohkhngbitminguyhitimtngkhitraochobNhumtdinnbtrnhbylptrngcamnh
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Dougherty,hccmtgiasnlnTexasvmtgingdutrcsnnh,vClareBootheLucenggm,nghsngCnghavlvca
HenryLuce,ngitodngqucbochTimeLife.HnmtrongsnhiuthnhvinbothvngCnghamunchabntaynngnhitra
minhtPhunhncaVitNamCnghanM.MargueriteHigginscngtralngibnchungthy.Bvitranhngiucnnivnhng
iucntrnh.NhngiucntrnhbaogmmtscmtathchcabNhu:bphitrnhsdngnhngcchninh"mmuchthng"
v"ccnhsbuc".HigginscngcnhbobNhukhngnnchtrchTngthngKennedythngthngnhvy.
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mnhtloly.SthiuvngccnghithcngoigiaokhibnNewYorktruynimtthngiprrng.Scngnhnchnhthcduynhtivi
chuynvingthmcabNhucthhinbngsphni.ThngnghsStephenYoung,mtthnhvinngDnchOhio,nirngbNhu
"qutcaoti"vnnabtrliVitNamCngha.HnghsWayneL.Hayes,ChtchUbaningoiHvincaQuchiHoaK,
cho lu hnh trn ni san Quc hi n kin chnh thc "ngi ph n xu xa" vo t nc ny bng h chiu ngoi giao. V mc d b Nhu
khngbitiu,bthmchcnnhnmtlicnhbotchthnTngthngHoaK.
VothngTmvthngChn,bNhuginhiulthtSiGnvsautParisnPhTngthngLyndonJohnson,hivvicbcc
hoan nghnh Hoa K khng. B cm thy thoi mi khi hi ng Johnson b c bit ng trong chuyn cng du ca ng n Vit Nam, v
nhngccongituimilncahthnhbnb.NnbNhunghbsvinntnhcchlchlmcanginngcaolnvngTexas.B
quynrcngkhnglutrcyvgiybchngghongtrongthngkhng"shivmtqub".
NhngcnhnTngthngKennedythphtvchuynvingthmspticab.Trongcinhncang,bNhulmnhunhcnhngngin
ngchungquanhb.BNgoigiaocnhbohithngTmrngblmximnuyquynbngcchxuthindndtnhngnginng
vyquanh"quphthucvob".ngKennedykhngcnhchostimquynxyratrntM.Bnphctholihipcholthca
bNhucavnphngngJohnsoncgitiNhTrngngJohnsonmunchthnKennedychpthunn.
"ykhngphiloithtmngvitchomtphnyquynd",ngKennedyqutrchvincinhobng.ngangcntrongphng
tmhi,mtkiuvnphngthaythchoTngthng,ngibaulngnng.Nghenirngngnyracnhiutngxutsctrongkhitm.
Thcvy,cccvncangKennedythngtptrungquanhTngthng,ngitiphtronglctrntthtlngtrlnvcheyphndi
109/138
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thtlngbngmtchickhntmtnhtlnhnggngthngcmiut.Trongkhi,cccvnmcvt,eocvtvthmchngitrn
bcuhocngichmhmtrnnngchmt.
ngKennedytptrungsuynghmtchtvcchvitlthtrlibNhu."Ncnphitnhhnv..".tngchnglikhingangnghcch
vitthhip.ngKennedydingiivnhanscvsquyndcab.ngcngginblicnhbov"mtsskinchnhtrvcuc
sng".Lthyucubxemxt,"cngkhchquanlnhlngcngttcuhiliubnyshuchhaygykhkhnthm".PhTngthng
Johnsoncbnnhplthcbintplivthy"khtt".ngnghimcnklthvginbNhunhlthcaringng.2
BNhucthkhngbitailtcgithcs,nhngbnhnrathngipgianhngdngch.Tichcthhnhdungcicmcabbnh
rakhibdngbtbigchblthhiptrchthng.Quytnhkhngimlngngnhncablquytnhcalngtm,bni.BsiHoa
K.Vtmttsmnhmtrongnhcamnhvicchnicngiuinhnh,bvit,"Titchingvainglatrongmtvthmsttn
bo".
Cthni,v"thmst"mbcpntronglthllituthoam.ThkNhTrngavotphsthttraoihnnghthkhic
vitnguchngoclntrndngch:"khngcnhip".Nhngvitunsau,khichngbNhuvngianhchngcabthcsbgitchtmt
cchtnbo,cmttronglthcabNhucxemnhmttinbokd.VothiimbNhuvitnhngdngch,cucochnhslt
vgitchthaianhemhNgnhncshuthuncaHoaK.Mulraphicgithtkn,vinhngbcintncm
ha,nhngthbomt,vnhngcuchpbthpphpSiGn.NhngbNhuhnhnhbitiu.VbchunbnHoaKtrongmt
chuynimrngthmmtqucgiambgnnhkttigyravthmstcchunbtrc.
BNhuc"khuyncanmnhm"khngnni,bgiithchvicphiviniCBStrnchuynbayvtiTyDngtParis.Bmun
nitilthcangKennedyvlitchikhngbomanninhchobcaBNgoigiao,bcngmunnhcnnhngthngipkhcmb
nhnctccnhngoigiaoVitNamybnkhon. 3NhngbNhuvnkinnh,theocchmbgil"tinhthnnghchlcantnhc
thnungitami,khngkhngmuntin,thtilikhngi!"cab.Vsau,theonhbony,bNhucikhckhchvrungnhngi
lnnhcnhbmxaoxuyn,chuynvingthmcablsbcngmdng,nhbtngtmcchthuytphcnhbokiatrnchuynbay,
haybl"nhtuyntruynkhtkhaoquynlc",nhchab,cuis,tuynb?
SthtlbNhucnhiuquynlchncichnhquynanglunglaymbblisaulngNamVitNam.ChNgnhDimangbtlc,
vbbitiu.Nyuvthth,trongkhibsinivhnghn.Btinvobnthnhnctinvochngvanhchngb.Bkhngchunh
lmmtnginitrlngltrongkhimduthduthcvyrpb.Suychocng,btngimtvisngnbtnggomnhtqunovbng
connhbngquacuanton.BkhutphcbngngBnhXuynvTngHinhvi.BNhutinchcvobnthn,vsttincabcha
baogiphnbib.
SttincabNhuchuthunbiknngchnhtrbmsinh.Ngaycnhngngi,nhcuisVitNamCnghaLawtonCollins,nghb
lmt"concogi",vnkhngthkhngthysvnngchnhtrvscanmcabrtnibt.Ccnhbongoiquctngchngkin
nhnglnbthhinsdngcmSiGnubtcdphithanhnhnstobocabvbNhuhncmnhnciu.B
khngquantmvichtchobbitdanhRngCibhiucsthuht."Titrakhngshi,iung".ChonnngiMmi
brilini"ngn"thchuyngxyra?Dobkhngcphplitncmnh,nnbthivomtnibvnhhangsttrongkinh
thnhxembcthlmcghngsachamiquanhangcngthnggiaVitNamCnghavMbngcchnmgichtlotng
quynlctbntrong.
Bbitrngbkhngcgmt.
110/138
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CcVinihcColumbia,Harvard,vPrincetonimichocbNhunthmtrngmnh.TpchTime,boNewYorkTimes,vccmng
litruynhnhcnhtranhnhauctipxctrctipvinhtPhunhn.MtsgianhnhiuquynthMtipibtrngth.Ccn
lccachnhphMyucubimtingchcngcthmrngbthcslmtnhncchmnhmnggm.Misch,kctiucc,dnh
chochuynithmcabchlmbthmttin.
BNhungliNewYorkchyutngbycakhchsnBarclay.Khchsnxahoanyquenbovsringtchokhchcah,trongc
ccngisaonitingnhMarlonBrandovBetieDavis.tngtrtlnhthuctyCaswellMasseyuytn.GretaGarbovKatherineHepburntng
lthnchcan.SarahBernhardtclnxihtkemdngdadachutnitingcacngtynybnyucuhiuthucchuyngpbachchp
chochuynludinchuucab.Snhkhchsncnhngtmthmlnglyvtngpvnmng.Mtcilngchimmvngkhnglnng
livo.
BNhukhnghrikhikhchsntrongngyutin.Bnmnhtrongphng708,phngsuitevicccastreomndykn,chchachob
mtkhenhnhnxungMidtownManhattan.T,PhBnMiTmchyquatrckhchsngipvihaiil,LexingtonvPark,to
thnhhaigcvung.Sixngtnkhngcgnibt,nhngthnhphnylcnocngvy,mtlnngtrttvinhngchicCadillac
enbng,Buickmuimm,xebutnithnh,vdnhincnhngchictaxivng.Cithgiinyhnphirttrttvphonglununhnttrn
cao,Nhngngiibnhnkvchgiihncavah.Nhngngnnngiukhingiaothng.Ccdoanhnhnmcvtenxlcng
victhngngycamnhbntrongcctanhngsanstkhchsncabnhnhngngianhemuatranhxemaicaohnai.Ttcxc
nhnnhnggbNhunghrngngiMcthlmtdntcchnthnh,nhngkiungo.Vkhngcgngcnhincnhnquanhthnhph
NewYorknm1963xcnhnsttinkhngcglkhngthnsuvocccutrchtngcancM.Khngthycduhiugkhp
knhaykhimtn.4
Belgrade,Rome,vdnhinchngdngchncuicngcabvphaTy,Paris,tngrtptheokiuthgiicxanhngconphquanhco
vtngthchcaovvn,nhnglintnglchsvvinhquangphainht.lntngmbNhucththuhiuvlnntngcathgii
duynhtbtngbitn.MhcchuuvccchunmcvcipnhhnhnnchnhschthucangDng.Nhngmthanhca
ttcnhngthnhphTyphngnyvncnquxal.Chnglmtnghchmcatingcixe,tingxxo,vtingcih.Trili,nhngchic
xengavxexchlchenchctrnccngngSiGnltingrrnghthngmchcnmtcnmalnlcththn.
ChcnvntmmnchecakhchsnBarclaylthyngaynhngngibiutnhphni.Hcmttrnconphnytmtrc,hto,
"BiniNhu!BiniNhu!".NhngnginykhnggingnhccnhsbnhtnhtthiutncbNhu.Hcngkhnggingnhngthanh
ninhppiMhayccnhhotnghabnhtctairib,nhngngisphtngphongtrophnchinchtrongvinmnathi.Thanhnin
mcvt,eocvtphnmanggiyvvcao.Ktrcngisau,htunhnhtrttthnhvngtrnvtrngnhngtmpphchquavai,vi
thngip"KtliuDim"v"ChmdtChintranhVitNam"vittrngiyxtngxinbngnhngchrirto.Xemlibngghihnhcacucbiu
tnhny,thyncvkqucvvhi,mtbiuththntrngcatdongnlun.NhngchiarauntrongxhignviChintranhVitNam
snsaunytiihingDnchChicagonm1968,tiycnhstylinhngngibiutnhangtnhngtmthqundch,vd
nhinihcKentState.NhngnhmngibiutnhbnngoikhchsncabNhunm1963lnhmccoanthi.HuhtngiMvn
mtdtinvohiungdominovnhnchunghtintngchnhphcamnh.KhiTngthngKennedynirngHoaKctrchnhimVitNam
CnghalchnngChnghaCngsn,chnhschphnlnkhngainghing.
MtchngtraitchicuamangknhbcrakhiihnhhnhbudccBenHorman,phngvinCBS,phngvn.Chngtraingnmc
ontlenbndiocctaychuyhiu,titrccimycybt.Hormanhicu,vrttrchthng,"No,cucnghchngtannrthtqun
vnckhng?VcchobnCngvochimng?".Ccythuvthnkinhcachngtraiedalmanhnghtth,nhnganhbnhht
quaihmvnithngvocimicroCBS:"CingiVitNamquytnh".Rianhlplilituynbchochcn:"CingiVitNam
111/138
8/6/2016
quytnh".5
BNhuhontonkhngng.NgiVitNamkhngctincyquytnhchuyn,ngiMcngththi.tngchorngVitNam
Cnghacthkhngxngngutranhbovllinguynraivib.
Bxuthintiritkhchsncamnhngyhmsau.Nmchcphngvinvquayphimtruynhnhchibsnh.Bnpchoh
bngmtthongci,phhmrngtrngnhngc.
Nhngnginnglahtgych,nhngbchkostchicochonglngvongiriiltqua.
Tvsau,bNhudngnhcmtminimtcchbtng.Gpphnlmtngthmntnglviccccahiuqunothitrang
trongthnhphtnhngnginmmancanhmtquhnhvmtcgiphnglntknhbyhng.Mtnhthitkthitrangrurbnh
lunrngbNhurtcthsgieonhhngthitrangludichoNewYorkvphnMkhngnhnhn,hocngclp,ccvp
cab.
inubNhucnglmngngtrsili,ngtheonghaen.Haitrmngibiutnhxuthincntrskinutin,nhngsngi
bnutchngbi1.000ngithamdbuintracabNhutiWaldorfAstoriadoCulcbBochHingoitchc.TpchTimeatins
phnmcochonglngchnngvtccnhboangtcnghip."Bybnmi?",mtbngtuitrongmngihi.BNhuchmi
bachn."Takhngcnhngcimngtaynhth,vphilmvicnhsutngy",mtphnkhctrongmngcunhu.Mtvingitrongc
taqunclhkhngbaogibittisaobNhuNewYork.Bangtmcchcugianhb.Bangcgngtmshuthunchocuc
chinuchngCngsn.Bkhngchngtmnhlnginitrgiigiang.
NgyhmsaubatrmngittpchthybbcratchiclimousinevivivoNhhtRadioCity.BNhuphidichuynkhpNewYork
dishtngchtchcacnhst,gytcnghngiaothngqualiccilbiquatMidtownnTimesSquare,tColumbianSarah
LawrencevFordham.6
Vongythtthnhphny,bgnnhsuysp.BNhucbuinichuyntrntruynhnhngyhmtrcvmivnhsaubuintra
viccngchcatpchTime.KhibbclnsnkhucatrngihcSarahLawrencevochiumun,gingbrunrun.Mtphnngi
giactanibNhu"rrngkhngckhe"vbphinhiulnngngninhpvingmncvnutmyvinthuc.Bngkhng
vngdinhnrcsngcasnkhuvxinphprisnkhutrckhingti.lmttringhimkhchontonvitrngthitinhthn
thngngycab.Nhngtrongtrnghpny,dngnhiuclichob.
Mtnhmphnngthathntrongbiocchuivioditaycngmuvvybtchdinganggitptrunglisaubuinichuynbn
ngoigingngnhaikoswinggum,htthuc,vtraoikinvnhngntngcamnh."Tikhngghtbtac!",mtcgikuln,
vbnbcgtungtnh.Rihngtlinhaunhnhngchchimtranhnhaumcngmtht:"Tihtbctcri"."Byxinhtht"."Titic
lbykhngkhehn".Nhngmtphnkhcbytsthtvngcamnh.nhtPhunhnmbmongikhngxuthin.Danhxng
"khngcvgphhpvinginbngtngo".7
CthvtvhngianhhNgthumtngidnNewYorkphtrchmithchochuynicabNhu.Ctavhaiphtlmvic
tronghaiphnglinnhaukhchsnBarclaytrongthigianbNhululiy.Hiuphitngchititcachuynixuynqucgianhnghqu
quytvigiitruynthngrnghkhngphilnhngnhtvnquanhcngchngvchcchn"khngkhuynainnnig".8
112/138
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MtcngtyquanhcngchngtchibNhuvcgianhhNgtnglkhchhngcah.OramGrouplmthngtvndanhtingvrt
cngngmvccvnxhivchnhtr.ThnchcahbaogmtchcTrgipsckhesinhsnPlannedParenthood(PPFA)vt
chc Quyn cng dn NationalAssociation for theAdvancement of Colored People (NAACP), cng nh cc nhm bo v mi trng, tn gio, v
quyncngdnkhc.TchcNhngngibnMcaVitNamthuOramGroupmtthigiandithichnhphEisenhower.V3.000la
Mmtthng,hngnybcobuckhuynkhchTngthngDimvbomrngchnhphHoaKvdnchngngthuskinnhhu
thunchoTngthngbvykhncaVitNamCngha.ChnhHaroldOramgpphnspxpchuyncngduthnglicangDimnHoa
Knm1957,khichthnTngthngEisenhowerratnsnbayWashingtonnng,v50.000ngidnchngkinonxehtngca
ngchyquathnhph.KhingDimtrnngnManhattan,thnhphnytchcmtcucdiuhnhnmhoagiytruynthng.Nhng
ingtvnOramvccgimccahngnyvsautphnhanibtrccuhivngDim:ngtalnhlnhomnhmhay
nhctibongc?Vonm1962,hdtkhot.OramchmdtmicamktlmidinvcvVitNamCnghanhmtchnhngha.
HngskhnglmbtcciggipbNhutrongchuyniny.9
NhbtkkhchdulchsnhsinokhinBigApple(tnthnggicathnhphNewYorkND),bNhucngithmthnhiu,trongc
mntrnhdinTimesSquarevntihpmnibnghenhcjazz.Cvbsnsngtringhimmith.BNhuangnlcthcscho
ngiMthyrngbnhgicaonnvnhacah.QuytnhmlngratrntMlmtchinthutkhnngoan.Bbitbcnlmmm
mihnhnhcamnh.Bngcchithmttcthngcnh,thngthcmimivvmthanhmthnhphNewYorkmigi,bangmunni
rngphongcchvthtiukhincaMrttuytvichuM.Bmunchngtrngkhngphilcnobcnglnhocchinbinh,
NhngbNhukhngxinlichtlkhngxinlimtcchthnhtht.Vituntrc,Rome,bNhubnhluntrcbochrngquniM
VitNamhnhngnh"nhngchlnhnhthu".Mtcunithi,ngaybcngthcskhnghiubhmg.TnisSiGn,Henry
CabotLodge,mnhmlnnbvcuni,vbochtndngcuchuynny,thngthnggiblkchngMvbuctibxcphm
n s hy sinh ca 112 qun nhn M cht Nam Vit Nam.Tt c nhng chuyn ny gp phn to nn s cng thng v gin d vy quanh
chuynthmHoaKcab.10
BNhutchi,hocclbkhngth,hxunggingiuthth.Mcdbxinlivgyxcphm,bvnkhngthlmvnlngxung.
Thayvvy,bquytnhnhnmnhiubmunni."NgiMmangnhcacahtrnlng[nVitNam]...Hsinhhotrttnkm".
Bcl.VitNamCnghalmttncangcchintranh.Schngmcslthchhphn.Nhvimicpvchnggptrctrctrong
hnnhn,nhngcuccicvtinbcchlmtrmtrngthmcngthnggiachnhphHoaKvchnhphVitNamCngha.Vothiim
nm1963,HoaKvoVitNamCngha1,5triulaMmingy,gn550triulaMhngnm.NgiMnghngiminNamVit
Namnnlmvicnhiuhnvidngtinkhnglchyvo,nhngngiminNamVitNambinlunrngqunhiutinbcdnhchoVitNam
Cnghachyvo"ccphtnhotng"canhnvinvcccvnMemcocacolalnh,humburgerr,vtivimunvngxaxiholnh
aniccvcvn.AnhemhNgmunctgimscvnMtrongkhi,chnhquynKennedylitduhiuchothyhsathm
ngivoNamVitNamvctcgivintr.ngthi,nhngngiCngsnchcnvchrsMhaNamVitNamtkinht,thitrang
nccknghngtrongcccahiutphakhngnhlptrngqucgiacah.
Ngitaniqunhiuvcmt"baticnngs"vbygillibnhlun"nhngngilnhnhthu"nni,bNhuphnnn,ngha
suxacabblcmt."Tikhngclngnghetitncti".Bclngnghekhtrngthbi4.000n5.000sinhvinngichtkn
gingngihcFordhamtrongngythnmcachuynithm.CtatonnamgiidnhchobNhuschonnngnhitkhibbc
lnsnkhu.Bmcmtchicodila,loicthuyn,tcbicaoxongn.Bkhngcnduhiukitqucangyhmtrc.ylmtm
nghontonkhc.Tdicchnggh,mingidnmtvomtdngvcnhbtrnsnkhu.Hmccomlnghimchinh,eocvtsm
muvrrmcisngkhoikhibNhuboh,"Tisnsngtrlimicuhinhngtikhngmuntcmtbantracaccbn".Hb
mhocvcvnhhontonsnsngnghbNhukhibyucuhiucuicng,"Dbnngheg,xinngktnti".Mingingdy
113/138
8/6/2016
vtayhoanhbhilu.
TrcmtnhngnginngFordham,bNhudngnhvtquacnhngengihayhoinghidaidngtnglmbkhs.Thnh
cngctipnibinhngtinghoanhthitrngyknngiihcColumbia.Mcdnhngkgynhiuvnlintcnmtrngv
phnlnchiclimousinecabkhibilitrongthnhphny,bNhuhnhnhnhnthy,vocuitunthnhtcabHoaK,bsnthi,
khngcnncichnhquyntchithanhnb.
VobuisngChnht,bNhuvcongiiltiNhthThnhAgnestrnPhBnMiBagnnhgaGrandCentral.BNhumcodimu
hngcam,cnLThymcodimungclamvinhngncitinhnththahp,haimcontrngnhmichpmttmnhchohng
qungcoHowardJohnson.BNhucnhiuldocibuiphngvncabtrongchngtrnhquenthuccaNBCMeetthePressspht
sngtihm,vbminhncmtbhoatotccsinhvinColumbiathavlixinlivnhngcucbiutnhphnimhgyratrong
sntrnghmtrc.lmtntngdchu,vcndchuhnnalbuithmhicayvinskincngchngthnhphNewYork.
lbuichohitrctipchnhthcutintmtvinchcchnhquyn.MismchungquanhbNhukhinbtrthnh"miquantmca
ng"vitcchidinthnhphNewYork. 11HnbcngtccikhithyngaycngtacnggprcrikhiiquasnhkhchsnBarclay.B
Nhu c mt trn t nc ny gn trn mt tun, v s no ng chung quanh b vn cha lng xung. Nhng k t m tc mch, gii truyn
thng,nhngngibiutnh,vnhngngihmmvnttpybnngoikhchsncab.SaukhigpbNhu,vinchcnxcnhnvibo
chrngbl"mtmyphtin"12.nginlkhngthvskhngphtlbc.
1 VlicabNhurngb"bnhnrabilndanic",xem"PhngvnbNgnhNhu,1982",11thngHai,1982,WGBHMediaLibrary&
Archives.
2 VcuctrchuyngiaisVitNamBuHivHarlanClevelandvnhngnlcngoigiaotrndubNhu,xemJones,Deathofa
Generation,385.
3 VstraoithtgiabNhuviLynonJohnson,tngy7n30thngChn,cngvigicthhipbNhubiBNgoigiaovNh
Trng(baogmnhnggicthdoTngthngduytvyucuTngthngJohnsonkvonuncphchun),xemLBJLibrary:LBJA:
FamousNames,Box7,FolderN.VicKennedyvitchobNhumtlthtphngtmhicthutlitrongJones,DeathofaGeneration,290.
4 Xem"Gicthvcuctrchuyn",NewYork,2thng10,1963,Document168,FRUS,19611963,4:347349.
5 VnimtincabNhurngngiMgiuthinchnhngkiucng,xem"PhngvnbNgnhNhu,1982",11thng2nm1982,WGBH
MediaLibrary&Archives.
6 CucphngvncaBenHormanvingithanhninbnngoiKhchsnBarclayvo10thngChn,1963lmtcnhtrongchuynvingthm
cabNhuchiutrnCBS."BNhungChnBnNgoiKhchSnCaB",9thng10,1963,WGBHMediaLibrary&Archives.
7 XemCentralIntelligenceAgency,"VietnameseSummarySupplement,October731,1963",mtbNhunM,xuthintrntruynthng,v
chudukhpqucgia.
8 Vnhngbnhluncasinhvin,nhlylmticvbNhukhngcmthykhhn,xem"MadameNhuatFordhamUniversity:Bonze,
Fordham/StudentCommentsRe:MadameNhu[part1of2]",October11,1963,WGBHMediaLibrary&Archives.
9 "VisatoMrs.NhuIsUnderInquiryDiplomaticNatureofPermitQuestionedbyRep.HaysVisaIssuedLastYearMrs.NhuRestsatHotelHere
TelephonesKeptBusy",NewYorkTimes,9thng10nm1963,10.Gimcchngtrnh,AnitaBerkeDiamant,tiptctrthnhngiidin
xutbnquantrng(majorliteraryagent),khiscngtyringvlmidinchotcgibestsellertruynkinhdgothicV.C.Andrews,vinhng
cttruynynhngiubmtthmkntronggianhvtilonlun.
114/138
8/6/2016
10 VOramAssociates,xem"OramGroup,Inc.Records,19381992",RuthLillySpecialCollections&Archives,IndianaUniversityPurdueUniversity
Indianapolis,http://www.ulib.iupui.edu/special/collections/phianthropy/mss057vNhngNgiBnMQuynTngChoVitNam,xemSpecial
CollectionsBellMcClureSyndicateDrewPearsontiAmericanUniversityLibrary.
11 Blair,LodgeinVietnam,64.
12 Uvinskincngchng(publiceventscommissioner)NYCcdnlitrong"VietnameseSummarySupplement,October731,1963",Central
IntelligenceAgency.
Chng14
CANG
Nm1943,TngMLinh,vcaThngchTngGiiThch,idcncM,tBTysangBng,NewYorknCalifornia.Hnhtrnhcab
rtgingvihnhtrnhcabNhuhaiminmsau.NgitacnggibTnglRngCivsquyttm,bodn,vctnhquynr.V
gingnhbNhu,bTngcngthamgiacucvinchinhchnglimiedaentidoChnghaCngsntrachotncb.
Nhngbicnhthkhc.Chuynithmnm1943cabTngdinrachayhainmsauvtncngTrnChuCng.NgiphnTrung
HoayuiunyxuthinphnghpThngVinMkhchannmtdngvthuhtblnhnvtgynhiucmhngchongiMh
chinuchngkthchungtrongThchinthhai:NhtBn.NubTngniCngsnlmtmiedakhcivianninhcaTrungHoa,
ncMsnsngtinb.CngchngMsaymcchnmccab,cchbphtbiu,vthmchvnvsinhvtrangimhngngycab.
Bochcpnhttngchititchuynicab.
Dvngoillm,viimthnhlilim,tcenmt,vdngnginhthanhmnh,bTngvnkhquen.BtngihcWellesley.B
bitcchnichuynvingiM.ykhngphilchuyniutincabnncM,vbquenvivnhacan.
BTnghiumtnghchlcaMkhinbhoinghimtcchtnhinvcchmnhcix.Trongkinhnghimcab,ngiMcth
thnhnbmhocbicuchuynlngmnphngngnhngvngithiphnbitchngtcvtrchthng.BTngniginvibtk
chnghaphnbitchngtchaythitrchthngmcnhinnovblngiTrungHoa,vbnhtnhihiphicnhngnghithclong
trngtrongsutchuynthmHoaKcab.GingnhbNhu,vlthuytbTngkhngphilvcaquctrngdanhngha:TngGii
Thch l ngi c nhiu chc v, nhng chc ch tch Trung Hoa khng nm trong s . Bt chp iu , ch thn Tng thng v Phu nhn
RooseveltchonbTngkhichuyntulacabdngbnhtrnsngaWashington,D.C.BngitrnxecahchytiNhTrng.Tiy
cmtlnvchngRooseveltmibquamtiPhngHngvchunbgingchobvinhngtmtrilachohpvilndanhycmcab.
Trongsutchuyni,gnnhmithngmtm,vchngRooseveltlimibTngnntivih.1
Tringchonton,bNhuvnangnhnsixlnhlngtbmyhnhchnhKennedyvtonbchnhphHoaK.
BNhunWashington,D.Cngy15thngMinm1963.BnichuynvisinhvinihcPrincetonbangNewJerseysnghm,v
ngyhmtrcihcCambridge,Massachusetts,trngLutHarvardvRadcliffeCollege.BsmtthmmttunnaBTy,giav
chungquanhthcaqucgiany,trckhibaynChicago.Mtlchtrnhmtnhoi.Anninhtngcngcthchincldodbo
nhngcucbiutnhphniscnthnWashingtonsoviNewYork.DobNhuccontytngtheostbiquaHtColumbiav
ccvngphcn.Bcngcongiitrnchicxednu,mtchiclimousinedimuen,ccnhstmng,chnxecthmchonxe
htngcaTngthngHoaKcngphingngli,chbiqua.NghecchbNhuthonhliiunmminmsau,bnsnghbl
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8/6/2016
MosesrBiniqua.
BNhubclnthmnhchambvotithT,mtngysaukhinWashington.NginhmicavchngngChngthtkhimnhng.
SaukhiblisaulngnhngphhoacaTaisVitNamCnghahithngTm,ngicuisvvmnhluivsngmtconphcy
xanhhaibnngtrongmtkhudnccavngngBcWashington.Nginhgchkincchaitngvchcnmphng.Nlmtnginh
khthoimi,nhngiviivchngmangdngmuhongtctrongngiquensngckhuhvxahoattbc,thnginhtrunglu
kiuMnychchnlsxungdcththm.
KhngphininhnhabNhuntrccanhh,tuybbitrngchab,trongdinvntchcchaydanhd,nghnngokhi
nhcncongimnh.Bnghingcmxccachab.GiacngchngngChngchnhcnblMadameNhu.ngniviccphngvin
rngngnginl"khngmunbittincta".Thcvy,ngvvngcmthycbnphnnilnquanimcamnh"nhtanmihithi"
mcongihgyra.CuTngthngHarryTruman,mcongingbngtuibNhu,ngheninngnhitkhentngngChngiph
xutscviacongiddicamnh.2
ngChngtmcchxemthngcongimnhtrongvaitrnhtPhunhn.Cta"khngcthquynlcmngitanghlcc",ngstst
khichivsvnhnhbntrongcachnhquynSiGn.TrongbuiphngvncaCBScphttrntruynhnhmngli,ngtrnhby
chitithn.Ngispchnnmcang,TngthngNgnhDim,chlngingmichuso.QuynlcthcsVitNamthucvemtrai
ngvlconrcangChng:NgnhNhu.BNhucthbtimnhimcnbnh"cunginquynlc"nhchngmnh,nhngcta"chl
cibng".3
ngChngangtmcchlmchocongimnhtrnntmthng,nhngngthtbi.
ThayvongtixcnhnnhnggngiMinchnghingvshi:rngkthpvinhauvchngngNhucquynlccckln
sovingDim.iukhinchobNhucthm,chkhngbt,nhhng.
Nhnglisnhcvncngykchng.KhimtnhbongihingNhuvchavcamnh,ngNhubytquanimcangvvng.Ch
clnnyngmirimtn,vlilcangthhinsbolctrthvndngnhhontonxalvimtngiqunththvinthn
trngmngtngchngt.NungChngtrvSiGn,ngNhuthnnhinni,nhthnhnxtthitit,"Tischoctungta.Tistreo
cngtavngtallnggiaqungtrng.VtisthtntsidythngvchnhdinlngiVitNamvclngiyuncthcs".
4
Nginhtiomkhichiclimousinetpvobtng.LThyrungchungcanhngbngoitrongkhimcngngaysaulng.BNhung
chngnnh,khuttmnhncangitrongnhkhinhnquakhelkha.Cthnhnthymtngqunltphtquakhetodi,chngiycaogt
gnhvnnnngvcngthng.BNhungvaiacongihndirthonho.Chhaingytrcbthmchlmtnginhvykhib
rnrviccphngvinNBCtrongchngtrnhMeetthePressvcchmchabthhinchnglibtthunh.
Bcbivchi,bNhukoLThyquamtbn,ricongmyngntaygca.Vnkhngchip.BNhunhybnbitckhonghaichc
phngvintheostbnyangchmchtngcngcab.nleln,htnhsnglnnhngngvinmutrngcanginh,btly
hnhnhnhtPhunhnangkhimnhngng.GinybNhuangphnnvbphtlvlibphtltrcmng.Bxoaylng
livinhanhrasnsau.Chcnhngciltrnbicbnggiynhn,brobcvphacngsau,bbnglnmybchinvnhn
chmchvotrongnhquacas.
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Nhngcnphngtiomvnhngbctngbntronggnnhtrngtrn.Bcthnhnranhngchicghmntmmchambangs
dnghaycnphngkhngtrithm.Tmnhchphaivchngdavocichpn,vhaphmduynhtlbctranhlathanhnhvibn
taycabChng.Clcncnhngcihpcham.KhivchngngChngrikhiTais,chcchnhemtheonhiuthhnch
khngphichthnynhbsutpsch,bnhlvhaphmchu.TmnhchpgianhtngtreovtrnibttrongTais,tmnh
chpbNhukhicnlcbnmtaycham,gikhngthyuna.CmtcimyquayanhmngChngtngbncnhbnlmvic
camnhTais.ngdngnthngxuynngheccvkchcaShakespeare.Chng"yminhtrit",ngningChngthchnghe
nhngcuchuynkhngthktrcvtmcchlmchonhngthcnhncachngthmsuvotronghnhviconngi.Vbihikchtn
angdinratrongithctrnbictrcnhngcttcskhnthitvtimtngshyditcamnchtmtbikchShakespeare.5
lttcnhnggmngilmboWashingtoncthlmbmstnhtPhunhnkhiblnvocngicachamb.BNhucm
thykhchu."Thtkhnghiuni.Mihinyticngiinnichuynviaiy".Nhnggiyphtqua,vgiyvchngng
Chng khng c nh hoc h lm mt vic tuyt vi l lm b khng c nh. B Nhu v LThy thu ngi chui vo bng gh sau chic
limousine,vchicxelaoi.NbngquanhngngphvnglngcathchonkhitngtdnglitrcTaisVitNamCngha.
KhibNhuivotrccavgmnh,mtdngngimctrangphcmutrngmcagnnhngaylptc."Chu!",bNhukuln.Sau,
theoccphngvinnnglcchngkincnh,bNhugieongivohaicnhtaycanginngnhth.Saunycngigiithch
vibochrngChulngiubpcagianhbtrongnhiunm.ngtadnbNhuvLThyvotrongtanh,trnhxambochsoi
mi.TnisVitNamCnghatngnivingiMmtcchttinrngngkhngquantmnhiunnhtPhunhn,nhngngkhn
ngoanthtimtbantinghongcngviccang,nukhngmunnilcacing,gpnhiuhimnguynulmkhci.V
bivnhngoigiaominhnchcngChutiptclmvicsaukhivchngngChngrai,bpncyclvnysnnhngnguyn
liulmranhngbanmbNhutngathchkhicnnhcthlmnphbcuibvcyhihaynhngvinchheonngbcldip
thmmibch.HngvgianhsaucngcabNhukhngntchamb,nhngngibbngtronggilnh,mtngiubph
tngthu.lmtginhcayngdcngquenthuc,nhtuithcabquaylilnnatu,khichambbbtrongtrangvincang
bnivgiaochohaingivnuichmsc.
KhibNhucnchuutrckhinM,mbgimtcvnthncncaTngthngKennedynnginhmicabdmtcuchp
"sngcn".Khingtan,bnithng:YucungKenneyloibanhemhNg.ngDimbtlcemtraing,ngNhu,lunbarbare(tnman
r).Vacongicab,bChngnirngbkhuynmingitrongcngngngiVitNewYorkvWashington"lyxehi"tngb
Nhu khi b y n. Nu h khng dm lm vic , th nn nm c chua v trng thi. Lic qua vnh tch tr, b th vi ng c vn Tng thng
KennedyrngnuNhTrngkhnglmgbtmingbNhu,thb,bChng,hontoncthtchc"mtcigchngliconquivt
ny".
Cuctrchuyncghiliyvxpvoloi"mt".Mtvinchcccmamaivitnguchngocbncnhtiliuny:"Tnhthng
cam".6
TrongmyngytiptheoWashington,bNhuingclilikhuynmbtipnhntMargueriteHiggins,phngvincatNewYorkHerald
Tribune.NginhtPhunhnnyquaylichtrchchnhphM,mtscngkchdtnhscntrvlmtnhinchnhquynngDn
ch,mbbuctilmmmngviCngsn.MtsngitdogiutnvyquanhKennedy,bni,"cha,nhnghng".
Hnna,mngcvcmthngvibNhu.NmtrmngingichtknCulcbBochQucgiacnhnthybhmthSu,
ngy18thngMi.Ctalmginonbiphtbiucabhnhaichclnbngnhngtrngphotaytrungbnhbaphtmtlnkhib
Nhutrnsnkhu.pli,brrtrongmingvmmciduyndng.BngptrongthinchcadnchngM,bni.Tuynhin,bvncn
chtbunphinvbtan.ChnhquynKennedytiptcixlnhnhtvib.Bnibhiurngykhngphilchuyncngducpqucgia.
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"Nhngvnccchthcthchinnhngiuny".BNhuchngingiu"aukhthayvgind"vgichnhquynKennedycthxl
tonbvn,thcchtltonbchnhschlinquannVitNamCngha,tthnmtcht.Bhmvrngchnhquynnykhngthcs
bitnanglmgvangiphviai.NhnglinibnggicabhnlmngKennedyintit.Nhng,nhmikhi,bNhukhngsai.
1 NhngchititvcucvingthmHoaKvomaxun1943cabTngcmttrongMadameChiangKaishek:China'sEternalFirstLady
caLauraTysonLi,(NewYork:AtlanticMonthlyPress,2006),197198.
2 VTrnVnChngnghnngotrongdinvntchccang,xem"SaddenedDiplomat",NewYorkTimes,23thng8,1963.
3 VlitrchdnrngbNhu"khngcciquynlcmngitanghlbc",xemHenryRaymont,"DiemsUSEnvoyQuitsinProtest,"NewYork
Times,23thng8,1963.VlidnchorngngNhulmtlnhtngmichusovbNhulcibngcang,xemJosephWershba,cuc
phngvnTrnVnChngtrnCBS,NewYorkPost,18thng10,1963.
4 Cu"Tischoctungta"trchtcucphngvncangNhuvitunboEspressoxem"intntLodgesqunSiGngin
BNgoigiao,7thng10,1963,7p.m.",Document186,FRUS,19611963,4:385386.
5 NhngmtvnginhvccangChng,xemNanRobertson,"ExSaigonEnvoy",NewYorkTimes,22thng9,1963.
6 CuctrchuyncangihucnKennedyvibChngvvictngxehivobNhu,xemDocument18,September17,1963,FRUS,
19611963,vol.4.
Chng15
OCHNH
GnmtnmtriquaktkhibNhuvtikhngcnlinlcvinhauna.Khitibtugilivomahnm2010,cvnhkhngc
chuyngxyra.Tilmbvvp,nhbhontonkvng,nhngrissnlngcatinthtbtng.Tithyngnglmnhnhbrt
nhiunhnglisquaylitrongch.
GingbNhunghetrmsu.Lnu,gingbnghengnhnginbtmmitui.Bbnhlunay,bnibphimchnvikhi
Paris.Tioncchuyngxyravib.Khitigibbathngsaungybkhngnichuynvitinavdtkhotsnsngxinlivs
bcphtcamnh,tinhncmtgingnichunquctchobitsinthoiykhngcnhotngna.Thottintilolngmtchuynti
txyra.Tiltquacccophhngngy,nnthrithranhnhmkhikhngthytnbviphngchm.Tikhnghnhdungc
rngbsthayisinthoichvnhngbthacachngti.Nhngticngkhngtngtngcrngbiuxalunhvymkhng
gichoti."Qulmthinthncabri,vqunivnhnghicrihayiloivy",tingh.
"Ccconti",bnigiithchsimlngcab,"chngmuntigngihn.HintisngRome".Bnihuynthuynvnhngtintcmy
thngqua,nhngvnvsckhecab,vnithm,gnnhgiithchthm,nhntincunhikhonthnh.Bsnsnggichoti.
Cmtskhkhnvkthutgiacuctrchuynvvictinhncnhnghicquahpthintcati,mtciglinquann
ccconbvnhngcngvictonthigiancahv,tion,lngkinnhncahangcnkitividnlmhikcam.Vltr,ti
khngthgiithchnimnhcatiiviviclyccuchuyncabNhu,nhngchonnm2010,clchnhvtibqunhiuthi
gian,gnnmnm,hyvngvchitrthnhmtthiquenkhtb.TihyvngnhnghicslpytrtmcativbNhu.Ti
shiub,tisacbvongbicnh,vticthtcidukimgngngbncnhtnbtrnbngkimkcc,ymnhcati,
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vcthitip.
Thayvvy,haitphikginhpthcatilmtibiri.Citachnggipcg:LeCaillouBlanc,hayVinsitrng.Saunymti
lmrmtchtnghacitachoti.Php,ngitanivmtskinquantrngrngngythngcancnhdubngmtvinsi
trng. Nhng khi cun dn xung cc trang th nh l ang c mt ci g vit bng mt m. C nhng mu t v con s t trong ngoc n,
nhngthamchiutkinhthnhbngnhngmcvitchm,vnhngphvitnghingcspxptheothtthigian.CvnhbNhu
cmtdanhmclnnhngbincvib,nhngnlmtmcungkhcthgiimcchanintrngiccciits
cabNhu.
Maymnthay,bginhngtmnh.Tinhnchngthtk,cgmnhcthngheccnhnvtctlntingni.Cmttmnhchpblc
mitmtui,trcngycicamnh,khonhkhctrckhimiththayi.Ngmkchndungbnglongcachngb,lnutintinhn
thyngNhu,ngicmnhdanhlRasputincaVitNam,ccimihtnthihchln.Thaychocivlnhlngvyeda,mayqu,
ngdmn.
CcphntrongvnbncabNhuvngingvimthikthngthngcphnbrirctronggnhaitrmtrang,nhngnhngphncgitr
tthutthrtngc.ydtkhotkhngphilhikmnghenibbnchotSaturdayEveningPosttrongnhngngysauvochnh
1963cngkhngphilhikmbNhuangvitkhibqubnrntrliphngvnbochvonhngnm1960v1970vigikhngt
hn1.000lamtln.Tikhngtinrngnhngtrangvitnytntiudidngbnthogiy.Nubtngvitchngthbvit
trongu.Haitpgibngemailntihnhnhckhithogny,thmchcltrongnhngthngtsaulnnichuyngnynht
cachngti.Tikhngbitnhiuchuyn.
BNhutmtmnhangvitbnvitbvitvnhnglntngvuu.Thtaulngkhicvtnhtrngdtnthngvginuacab.
BnivnhngcuccicvtaigiaTrc,contraib,vnhngngilngging,nhngngiangtmcchlnchimcngicah.
Nhngkhibquayvchmsuvovngtmumcakc,bgilinhngchititlplnh,nhcnmannghtLtlmtsngciba
lcaLThytrnngcntrng.Haychicxengakodthngcab,vinhngcibnhxetonmcticthddnghnhdung
mnhngivochcab,nhnnhydcconknhHu,cggingnhcbLLemtrnngndtickhiuv.Tuynhincchvitca
bkhngtheotuyntnhclcgnnhkhngmchlc.Nhngnuchngtakhngbcunitheodngchygpgpcaccskin,thnrthp
dn.Tigivibrngnubhyvngcnhiungic,tpbnthonycnphibintpnhiu,nhngslnhngphnbsunghpdn
chohslchs.
"Khng".Gingbgaygtvhithbmtnhc,bhtsccngquytvlnhlngcttnhnglihuynthuyncacuctrchuynbuisng
lravuivgiahaichngti."Tituytitintnggiaochoccunhikny.Chontonchutrchnhim.Nhngskhngcbintpgc.
Khngcthayight.Chngphicxutbnngnhcvitra.Tpmttrc,tphaisau.V",bnithm,"tinnglngmun
inncngsmcngtt.Tikhngcnnhiuthigian".
Tihoangmang.Titipcncnhngttngsuxacamttrongnhngngindtnitingnhtthgii.Tithymnhgngintru
nginhngvnphitmcchgnlinhngmnhricatrrphnh.TithymnhgingmtnhnvttrongtruynctchVitNamitmkhotng
mhoc.MilntimunisuhiurhnbNhu,blihithumnhli,tnhcchkhnmbtcabkhinblunlitngchcati.
Lnsaucngchngtinichuyn,bNhunghechngthn,gingbkhnc."Cnhnghmtichmunnhmmtlivraitronganbnh.
Nhngcinhthctidylcmgicrngcmtiugmtiphilm,vticnciuphini".cmongcuiicabNhultmnh
byt.Bmuntigipb,nhngtikhngcnbitcchnona.
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BNhunichuynvichnglnsaucngvongy27thngMi,1963.Tkhibrakhinc,cvingyhlinichuynvinhau,lnu
chuuvsauHoaK.lmtchuynidi.BNhuvLThyriSiGnsutuntrc,vgiygnnhnlcquayv.Hd
nhbaytCaliforniavVitNamvimtchngdngNht.ngNhusgphTokyoicnghchngngcnli,vbNhuangtm
cchhonttltrnhquacucinthoingdibnggingkimktnibtSanFranciscotiSiGn.
Cmtcimnmtrnmmtb,bgiithchvingNhu.Bmunikhm,nhngbnghcthithmvingychonkhibnTokyo.
"Vyckhng?",bhing.NukhmNht,bls,"srhn!".BNhuangcgnglmdunhlngmnh.Thtkhhiucmt
ngiquahngngndmdycpxuynThiBnhDng,nhnggingningNhungheyuvllmivib."AnhskhngnNhtna.Anh
liSiGn".BNhukhngmunnin.Bkhngmungybthatrninthoi,nnbbmmi."Cngc".Bsphuthuttrckhibay
vnh.LosAngeles,tisaokhng?Ccbcsquenchmlochocckhunmtpniting.Bslithmmingyna.
SauWashington,D.C,ccchngdngchncabNhubaogmccthnhphvtrngihcBcCarolina,Illinois,vTexas.BthamgiaNgy
HipChngQuc(USDay)23thngMitiNhTngnimDallas,nibcmilnsnkhunhnmtbhoa.NgyHipChngQucl
mtcuctunhnhphnictchccbitdinramtngytrcNgyLinHipQuc(UNDay)nhmchomngHoaKlthnhvinLin
HipQuccngaim.Ccbiung"HyaHoaKrakhiLinHipQuc"v"HyaLinHipQucrakhiHoaK"ctrngln.
CuctphpchngLinHipQuchuyngnhngngiccbothvnchnglichnhquynKennedyWashingtonnhngthnhvincaHi
John Birch, The Minutemen, v The National Indignation Convention. Mt ngi n ng tn l Lee Harvey Oswald cng . B Nhu ng gn
OswaldDallastrongNgyHipChngQuc,kthpvichuibincbithmspxyraSiGn,khinbNhutrthnhnhnvtchnhtrong
mtvithuytmmuincungmstKennedy.1
CccobuclvcnccichtchahctrongubNhukhibTexas.BqubnrnthngthcnhnggiphtlmkhchmiVIPca
tphdulaDudleyDoughertytinngtringnngangtridi,SanDomingo,ngaybnngoiBeevilleNamTexas.ngkhuynkhchbNhutdo
nilnsuynghcamnhvibochvchobvcongihngvhiukhchvngTexas.
LThycbitthchth,nngtrictrtbbodicmckhitheomtrongchuynidinthuytthaybngqundi,giybtthp,o
lenditay,rihonchnhbcnhchuubngcimcaobi.LThylnutineosngsntrntrngbn,bnhnhngconbcutst
bngloisng12lyvitlchnhxcntng,sutrnmi.khngphilmaymncangitpsLThycnhiubuitpsngmy
trongtchcbnqunscamcNamVitNamnhngcvngyntngchoccchnhvcucmtbntrai"thc"utincac,
achuhmbntuicaDoughtery,BruceB.BaxterIII,thnhphbinCorpusChristi.
AnhchngBaxtertheoLThyvmctTexasnCalifornia.TnhyuammcaanhkhnghnaonngbiThngcbangCaliforniaPat
Brown,ngilmiumtpchTimecoil"liniditrongthng".ThngcBrownnitrckhihn,"BNhulmtnhnvtgytranhci.
BkhngphilngiutinnthmCalifornia,cngskhngphilngicuicng.TikugimingidnCaliforniahyhnhxnh
nhngngiMvnminhvchoqubnyniiumnhmunni".Baxterchchnhnhxnhmtngilchs.Anhmimconbin
tivianhtimttimnTuSanFrancisco,vllcBaxtertmbit,clquayliTexastrongvingy,anhkhngthixalu.Anhgpli
LThytikhchsncacLosAngeles.HaingiidoquanhkhuhbiBeverlyWilshiretrckhivthtrn,rongchihaitingcchp
mHollywood,nhnglcnocngchainginngtrungninicngtrngchng.2
Cchxamimyngncys,SiGn,NgnhNhucnhiuchuynlnhnutsovicuchuyntnhlngmnutincacongihay
phtnphuthutmnmtrnmtvng.VbtchpschcabochnbNhuvnhngngibnmiquynthcab,michuynSi
Gnvntiptcxui.ngNhutraxaltrninthoivibNhuvlcngbitrngmichuyngnnhvvng.
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Cuc tn cng ca ng Nhu vo cha chin hi thng Tm u c mi thin ch cn li trong quan h ca ng vi ngi M. Trc
WashingtonminginghrngHoaKnginl"khngcngrn"trongkhiiphvingDimvngNhuSiGn,nhngsaunhngcuc
cnqutvvicngNhutrngtrncoithngchthcaMyucugiiquytcngthngviPhtgio,chnhschcaWashingtonthayihon
ton.HaianhemhNglhtthuccha,vhsphibthayth.
Vongy24thngTm,mtbcintntimtginisMHenryCabotLodgeSiGnralnhchongigpngDimkmtheocci
hikhchuvngaylptc:ChoPhtgionhngghmun,vloibngNhu.NungDimkhngnghaykhnghnhngnhanhchng,
"chngtaphiimtvikhnngbnthnngDimcngkhngthcboton".ngLodgecbtnxanhtmkimnhngngilnho
thayth.McdcclnhoMWashingtonkhngxlnhngchitittnhcavicthayich,bcintntrnanLodgerng"chngti
snghngitiavnhnghnhngmngithchintcnhngmctiucachngta".3
Dnhin,mtisMkhngthibitchnhxcthngtinvchuynthayich.lviccaFredFlott.LmtvinchcSNgoivM
Trungng,FlotthiucngviccangllmcivicdbnmbnthnngiiskhngthlmlinhviccithcachNgnh
DimvhngshuthuncaMvovicltchnhphcamtqucgiabnb.
AnhemhNgcthkhngbitttcnhnggangdinratrongTaisMSiGn,nhnghcmttngkhthngminh.Mtngi
trungthnhvigianhhNglptccthitbnghelnnhxutrongTaismkhngbphthinchonkhibincgianhhNgi
quahn.4Nhngngayckhngccngnghdothm,thschuynicnghinnhinivingDimvngNhu.Ngy2thngChn,1963,
TngthngKennedytrliphngvncaWalterCronkiteiCBSNationalNewsrng"chnhquyn[caanhemhNg]mthtlinhvidn
chng"VitNamCngha.Kennedytiptc,"Giyttcnhnggchngtacthlmlnirrngchngtakhngnghylcchchin
thng",vngkugi"nhngthayivchnhschvnhns",mtphtbiucnhiungidindchlliedayucungDimphiloi
bngNhu.
isLodgegilptrngcngrnvianhemhNgtrongDinhSiGnngaytu.ThayvlmvalngngDimvdnglilngoigiao
ngbttcti,ngisvngikhongcch.NhnvinTaisMbiuls"thchkhngchtsuygim"ivingDimvngNhu,v
thicaLodgertgygvhnghch.KhimtphngvinhiLodgetisaongkhngvothmDinhnhiutunqua,ngtrli,"Hkhnglm
btkcigtiyucu.Hbittimung.Tisaoticphiyucuch?".5
ThayvtchcnhngcuchptayivingDim,LodgechorrthngtinvibochMrngngsginhngnglavintrMlmcon
tinnungDimkhnglmnhnggngtacyucu,vngLodgecngkhaichtrchbtcaitrongchnhphMquttvianhemhNg.
MttrongnhngmctiucangtalTrngtrmCIASiGnJohnRichardson.NhimvcaRichardsonllmvicvingNhuvtipcnvi
hyvngtcngnngta.Tuynhin,vngkhngchothycbtctcngg,LodgecoiRichardsonnhmtthtbi.Trongbcthringgi
BtrngQucphngMcNamara,LodgekholotinhnhmtchindchtncngthngRichardsonbsathi,ngrngchatng"c
nhkhngtrungthnh",ngtaquatngvi"nhngkmchngtatmcchthayth".RichardsonlbiutngchosnghcaM.Vicngta
rtluivothngMi,1963lthmmtduhiunachongDimvngNhuthyrngthicahgnnhht.6
HaianhemhNgkhngththhincngkhaisbcbicahvingiM,nncvnhhtrtlnudnchngNamVitNam.Lnhgii
nghimcgb,nhnghngngycnhstcangNhuvnbtgiamhngchc"ngibtngchnhkin".Nginobphthinangpht
tntruynnchngchnhphhocvitvnguchngoclntnglilchngchhNgubbtthmchhcsinhcngcthbgiam.
AnhemhNgSiGnkhngbitcrngsnhittnhnghochnhcaWashingtonlclnlcxung.BnthnNhTrngcngritr
trcnhnglikhuyntringcnhaumhnhnc.GimcCIAJohnA.McConetrcsaunhmtchtrchmnhmmtcucochnh.
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TicuchpcaNhmcbitvVitNam,McConenirngthayngDimvngNhubngnhngkkhngtntuil"ccknguyhim"vchc
chnsdnn"thmhatonphn"choHoaK.ngcngniringviTngthngKennedyrngcucochnhny"slcucutintrong
nhngcucochnhkhcsauny". 7Nhng ngc li, B Ngoi giao v B Quc phng kin quyt ng h mt cuc o chnh. Hoa K chia r
nhngvtquagiihnkhngquaylicnari.isLodgetinchcrng:"Tintrnhcachngtakhngthongccna".
BnthnTngthngKennedyvnkhngchcchntrongsuynghvmtcucochnhchnglihaianhemhNgSiGn.ThngMi,1963,
ngcmtphionitmhiusthttrongchnngydoBtrngQucphngMcNamara,vChtchLinqun,TngMaxwellTaylor,dnu.
ChuynimangdanhnghakimtrastinbcacucchinchngVitCng,vmingiphiginghithcngoigiaobngmtcuchikin
TngthngDimtiDinhtronghnhaigi.Tuynhin,khngxuthintrongnghtrnhchnhthclvntennisviitngDngVnMinh.
TngMinhcncgilMinhLnvhaildo:phnbitngvimttngkhccngtnvcngbivtmvcbtthngcangngcao
gnmtmttmvnngchnchck.
ngMinhcaovtccngnghipVitNamcamnhvtheonghaen,ngcinhnhaianhemhNg,haispcamnh.TtnghipHcvin
QunsParisvlcuchinbinhcacucChintranhngDngLnThNht,chinubncnhngiPhpchngVitMinh,ngng
hngDimchinuchngliccgiophivbngngedanhngnmunhimkTngthngDim.GiyngMinhangmmu
chnglingDimvngNhu.TheokincanhboStanleyKarnow,ngkhngphilngimutnhchcht,"nhngvitcchmttng
lnhcaocp,nglngihpnhtccphecnhkhcnhauccngmmuchnglingDim".
Mcddngvctoln,ngMinhchitenniskhpmt.CcquanchcM,McNamaravTaylor,dngnhkhngchunicinngthiut
SiGn,hxoayxvtquavnnhitrnsnccaculcbCercleSportif.Saucnhmluivocnphnggvnmugtrongculc
bnichuyntolao"vvnu".Khinghenivtrnbanhvcuctrchuynringtny,ngNhuvngDimchcthsuylunrngnhng
ngicngangnichuynmmu.Thcrahkhngnichuyny.ngMinhrtsrrtintcngyhm.NhngngDimvngNhubit
rnhngngdyktningtavinhngkmmuvTaisMvCIA.8
Tronglctuytvng,ngNhutmcchsdngccchinthutkhc,nhtungtinngtipxcvichnhphCngsnBcVit.Vocuithng
Tm,1963,ngNhutipnhngoigiaoBaLanMieczyslawManeli.CucgpgbmtvimtidinCngsnkhinHoaKtmmunhiu:Nu
quthcngNhusnsngthathunviminBcvtintimtnnhabnhquathngthuyt,thliuiucbinminhchohnhngkhn
cpthnhlpmtchmi,hayliuncbucHoaKtraphichnghnvingDimvngNhu?Hschothytrongcucgpg,
ngNhunivvic"dnngchostraoithngmiviminBc",vngnivsgindcangvingiMnhngngkhngmun
cthontonquanhviHoaK.KhngchsnoniccbuinichuyndnhkhixngviBcVitlhontonctnhsb.nginl
khngcthigian.9
VongycuicngcathngMi,ngDimvngNhuchcnmtbinphptihugichochcntnti.lmu"khivgng"
(mtththutcaothutgiachuynnghipnhmnhlangixemND),mangnhnhiungNhu:ngvngDimsngytomtcuco
chnh.Scnhiuriro,nhnglhyvngduynhtcah.MtcucochnhginhmlmchongiMhongsphinilishuthuncho
chNgnhDim.Nhngngilnhocucochnhgicchnlakslmb"trunglp",gingnhcucochnhtrunglpbtng
nm1960LogythithinngnchocclichcaHoaKngNam.nhmtVitNamCnghavotaynhngngitrunglpsl
mtvspdomnokhcmtcnhhyditvochinlcChintranhLnhcaM.
ivingiquanstngunhin,ngy31thngMi,1963cvcnggingnhnhngngykhcSiGn.Snghm,TngthngDimtrao
iviisMHenryCabotLodgevTlnhQuniMThiBnhDng,cHarryFelt.FeltttngangSiGntrongmtngthiging
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nhkimtrathngkvstrgipqunscaMchoVitNamCngha,nhngtrnthctcctnglnhquniVitNamCnghaang
mmuchnglingDimdndngsxuthincangta,cbitsptchuynvingthmcaFeltgingDimtrongDinhsutbui
snghm.10TngthngVitNamCnghacnhboccvkhchrnghcthnghenhngtinnvmtcucochnhnhngngnn
n.Vobuitra,nhngcnhcachpchxungtrcccgianhng.Xemy,xexchl,vtaxiRenaultamingivnh,thotra
khicinnggiatrachaigincmvnghngi.Thnhphvnyntnh.
Dinhcngyntnh.NhngaconnhcavchngngNhuiLtchi,chngangnghh,vmycubichachochngisn.ng
hnvuilngkhithycccontraitheouinimammcang.ngchophpchngisnnhngyucuphicmilmthnhvinphngv
Dinhitheochng.acontcang,cbLQuynbntui,khngbitsnbn,nhngccngilncaonguyncngccanhvvnui.C
scchynhytungtngtrnnii,thoimihnsovinhnggcclmtrongsnvncaDinh.ngNhucthkhngbitrngkhicho
phpchngrikhiSiGn,ngcumngsngcachng.
Viphtsau4gichiu,nhiutingsngibcnvang.TingsngnnghenhgndoanhtricalclngphngvDinh.NsngvostDinh
chcchnkhngphilmtphncakhoch.Chonkhonhkhc,haianhemhNgvnbnhthnnhgivictngcngchmchp
qunivxetngtrongnithnhSiGn.Htheodinhngdinbintrongthnhphtmtchknotivnphngcah.Thayvgingc
cnhbo,sdichuynqunlnhvxetnglilmngDimvngNhuyntm.Htinvokhochcamnh,bhiuBravoHai,skhiutrt
lt.Ngaytrckhibchhuycnhstrivotaycctnglnh,mtsquancnhstshigiinchongNhubithangbtncng.
"Khngsao",ngNhuni."Tibitcri".11
ngNhutnhbvngvnnghrng,theokhoch,cclclngcangsdptt"cucnilon",ringvngDimscchomngnh
nhnganhhng.Lngtrcshnlonxyrasau,ngNhucndnhtinhnhmtcuctmmukno.Cclclngcbitvbndu
cncthumncangNhusthtiucctnglnhcaquniVitNamCnghavccquanchccaocp.NhngngiMgyrcri
cngcnhdunhboStanleyKarnowchobitisLodgevnhtnhboCIAlolngLucienConeinnmtrongdanhschphithanhton.
ykhngphilmuochnhgiutinmngNhuvchra.Vutin,bhiuBravoMt,bucphidnglihithngMisaukhilc
lngcbitcangNhunghephongphanhcmtmmunilontronghngngquni.BravoHai,cucphnochnhdkindinrahm
nay,cgnnhymclalchigingbimha:Nslmtcucochnhbntrongmtcucochnhkhc.12
Nhnghaianhemsmnhnthyrccighngbt.HngquanhmyinmtrongvnphngTngthng,vnkhngctnhiu.H
gichocctnhtrnglncn,ttculsquanquni.Hcnggichocctlnhqunonvtlnhson.Khngaingy.Volc
ngNhunhnthccnhnggangthcsxyrathqumun.Khngcncchnothotrakhithnhphvkhngcaitincy.Nhng
kphnbibaovyDinh,angsitchtdythnglng.ngNhuchpnginthoi."Chunbchinu".ngthtln,ralnhchonimhyvng
cuicngcnlicahaianhem,nhngchngtraicaThanhninCnghavccSonPhnbnqunscavng.
Simlngcahlbnnthnh.
hinh
CckhochcangDimvngNhubnhcp.Ngimhtintnggiaochothchincucochnhgi,ThiutngTnThtnh,
quaylngvih.LvtngtrnhttrongQunlcVitNamCngha,ngnhcnhngngiquenbitmtnhmtngilnhnhydln
li,hayungwhisky.ngnhbpchosthiuthngminhcamnhbngthamvngghgm,vngkhngiumkhngcngichpnh
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ring.TrongsccnlccanglylngchNgnhDimcvicngcisangoCnggiovgianhpngchnhtrmhcang
Nhu.Ccchinthutcangnhphnnouhiuqu.TngthngDimixvingnhconnui.Nhngtnhtcaoticang
khinngtrthnhmingmingonchoccithcangDim.NhngkmutoanthuytphcTngnhrngnglraphinmtrongni
cccaTngthng.KhingDimtchibanchongvtry,lngkiuhnhbtnthngcangnhbinngthnhmtthtricychnmich
ngitahixung.13
LosAngeLesisauSiGnmilmgi,vnhtPhunhnangnmhiphctrongphngkhchsnBeverlyWilshire.Bphuthutct
mn m trn mt vi gi trc cp knh en v bng gc lm b kh chu. May l c LThy gip b, c sch bo cho b nghe, v tr
chuynvib.
BNhuvLThycnhthcvonambimtcinthoimttyvincaTaisVitNamCngha.Trongcnhonglon,ng
tamtcuckhnghongangdintinSiGn.ngniccrochnangcgingrakhpccconnglnchytthnhphnsn
bay.Haitiuonthyqunlcchinniloneokhnngitrnxetinvotrungtmthnhph.Ccskindintinhtscchnhxc.ura
y.iphtthanh,buin,vbchhuycnhstubchimng,BNivvBQucphngcngvy.
BNhulngnghetrongvvngtngchititcacuckhnghongangxyracchbhngngncys.Bvit"cgticmt"nhiuln
tronghik.Btnhrngbsngnkhngchochsp,nhblmvonm1955,1960,vmtlnnavonm1962.Bchorngln
nysvngmtcablmsuyyutaihichochhNg.Dnhin,mtngiduylsnirngkhngccchnobcthsngst,v
ctldonghrngnubNhucmtSiGn,bcthlmccigngnchnmichuynxyra.Nhngvmtltr,bskhngbao
gisngstcnubngngctrlicycukiavonm1946.
HINH
Titnhtlbkhnglinlccvicccon,Trcmilmtui,Qunhmimt,vbLQuynmilnbn.Cuchuynmsaunychngk
lichomrtrngrn.Khicucochnhbtu,chngvncnLt.trn,gianhngngibovmangsng,hkhngcnbittin
ai.Nhngatrtrnchyvorngphasaunhvquamngoitrimalnh.Chngibsutngyhmsaunmtlngminni,chng
xincmttcmvthtrng.Vchi.
AnhemhNgchytrnvoChLn,khungiHoaSiGn.CmtsnginihdngmtnghmbndinnnhDinhothot.
MtsngikhclinichicxeCitronmuendngtrccngDinh,vhaianhem,mccomlxmen,cthitivchuivo.Dbngcch
nothhcnglnhngngilnhnn.Smtviginatrckhicclclngochnhnhnrahangnhvomtdinhphtrngkhng.
LcbygihaianhemangnnptrongnhcamtnhbuntnlMTuyn.
Chngvngngy1thngMiMt,1963,cucbaovychungquytDinhbtu.CcihnhchinucalnhbitkchNamVitNamithnh
hngphasaunhngchicxetng.HnhmccbctngDinhvbtunhn.Chngbaolusaucuctncngtrongtmnbnthng
khoanphcmtlthnglmchm.CcnhboMRayHerndonvDavidHalberstamtuynbhlngithbavthtivoDinh,ngay
sauhaitrungyngiVitchuiquaciltrntng.MtlctrngsaucngcngcginglntcastngmtgcTyNamcaDinh,bo
hiuchonhngngilnhkhcvccnhnvindnsangcormrngmisqua.ngiphthicatiDinh.
Mingiavo,bngquasnbivchylnlu.Nhngtmmnlatit,vgngntrangtrcaDinh,nhngthitkcnhtrongnhct
thiPhpthucnmrirctrnsn.Nhngngilnhbitkch,mlnhtr,vccnhbolclingnt.HtmthyruwhiskycangNhu
v,nmtrnbnlmviccang,cunschccitakhotmngchatmrathgicxong:Shoottokill(Bngit),caRichardMiers,
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mtcunhikkvthnhtchchngCngcangMalaya.VtrongkhiaicngbitsthchccangDimlnhngcuchuynphiuluv
minTyncM,nhngculnhhohcutinmnmnhngcionglamngcabNhunnbstcunschbanutrongngnkoca
b.Cunnhtkcabsaucngcngctmthy,ccnthnnhtvocpqun,vcgimychcnmnhmngiabovvtknim.
TiDinhngyhm,FredFlott,vinchcSNgoivcaTais,tnmtnhnthythnhqulaongcamnhtrongvicltchnhph
ny:"ThithnginngsmttitngnhnthybbnvoubngsngtiulinM16vngingnhtricchuamngitagimln.Lc
yngtabkolxungcuthang.Vcnhngngilnhanglnglhica,nhngtnhhnhcngcvklut".BnthnFlottcngbtimy
cigttnthuclyDinhlmknimvgtuchoDavidHalberstamkhihingangquanhautrncuthang.NgilmvicTais
nynhrnghaitaycanhbobchekhutbicpngvoiditibamt.NhngHalberstamthanhnchlymtthanhgmLo,cltrongb
sutpcangNhu.
ThanhgmtrangtrnykhnggipgcchongNhuthiim.Haianhembitsphncahcnhot,nnhkhngtmcch
trnluhn.HchuyntnhMTuynnmtaimkhcChLn,NhthThnhFrancisXavier(NhthChaTam)trtvahaimuvng
trng.ngDimgiinchoBTngThammuvyucuctipxcvicctnglnhthuxpuhng.Qunibtukonngay
sau.CcsquanintrcnhthvchongitnglTngthngcahtrongchnnm.Sauhdnngvemtraingravyh
vophasauchicxetinh,bcvibthaibnhng.Sau,khngaibitrlcno,haianhemcchuynnmtchicxebcthp.Hs
khngcnsngrakhina.14
SiGnhnlon.
Nhngkphinlonnmcngytrangbnntiulinlntrichomng.mnghntpxntbtcthgdnhdngnchhNg.
VnphngcatTimesofVietnambtchyhiuschCnggiocaTngGimmcNgnhThcbpph.Mtmngihnghko
nhauixungbncng.MtmngmnhmdngmychcmtdythngkotngHaiBTrng,mtngimvmttrngrtgingb
Nhu.Mttronghaiciuvntvlnlnglctrnngnhciucaconqucibmychmctla.
BNhubkttrongcnhxahoaynncaBeverlyWilshire,vinhngcnphngtrithm,nhngtmmncalthvnhnngCalifornia,nhng
bnnglngmunaccconbrakhiVitNam.BgiinchoMargueriteHiggins,nhbombgpSiGnvtrthnhbn.BNhu
ncnhi,"Bncthcstinlh[ngDimvngNhu]cht?Liuhcgitcccontikhng?".Higginsgipbngcchgiinthoin
nhngchquenbitcactrongBNgoigiaoWashington.
"Gpi",bNhuvanv."Lmngpgpgim".
HigginsgichoRogerHilsman,cvnthncncaTngthngKennedyvtrlBtrngNgoigiaophtrchccvnVinng,lc2gi
sng.
"Chcmng,Roger",bchong."Thythnokhimutrntaybn?"
",thino,Maggie"Hilsmanp."Cccuccchmnguddi.Nhiungibtnthng".NhnggingnicaHigginstrninthoina
mhivnhngatrtronggianhhNghnlmtnhcnhbtngvquynlccaboch.PhnngutincaHilsmannhanhchng
quayngclikhingnhnrarngHoaKkhngthngmtbnvchomtiugthixyravinhngatr,btkchamchngl
ai.Vicchnhngvhohipphilmlabntrrakhitnccngnhanhcngtt.HilsmanbomvibrngTngthngKennedys
lmmithcthbovnhngatrvhasachngnmtnianton.15Chtrongbangy,bntrcantonRome.
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"HINH"
NgiMhnhphccrataygip.HbitrngnunhngatrhNgchttrongcucochnh,thiusmanglitingxukhng
khipchochmimngiMspsaphicngtc.Mithkhiuthi,cthninhvy.Cuchuynchnhthc,rnganhemhNg
tst,bdpttkhihaitmnhltrangoichothyngDimbbnxuynquauvthithngNhuvnvnduvtcahnhaichcnhtl
m.Mttmnhchothychaithithnmtrongvngmutrnsnxebcthp,haitaybtringotrasaulng.Mttmnhkhcchothycixc
ymucangDimnmtrncngtrongkhingilnhmmcinhnvongknh.Mtsquannghenilchutrchnhimvhaicichtca
anhemhNg,iyNguynVnNhung,cphthinbsitcchttrongBTngThammubathngsau.Cichtcangchabaogi
csngt.
HsNgGici,lchsdnhluvchnhtrvqunsVitNamcachnhquynM,ktlunvcucochnhnm1963,"Khiscaitrchn
nmcangDimitimtktccmmu,snglacachngtatrongvicltnglmtngtrchnhimvcamktcachngtavomt
VitNamvcbnkhngclnho".Cctnglnhngsaucucochnhbtudnxpcmtchnhphdns.TngMinhLntr
thnhTngthng,vsaukhitrhontrongmtthigianccoilgiaionthchhp,chnhphHoaKcngnhnchnhphmicaVitNam
Cnghavongy8thngMiMt.16
ShilngcangiminNamVitNamvngiMvtmragiiphpthaythchongDimvngNhukhngcbaolu.Mtvtng
khcltchnhquyncangMinhchhaithngsau,vothngMt,1964.Nitipnhaunhanhchng,cthmbychnhphVitNamCngha
lnri.Lmtrmtrngthmshnlonchnhtr,VitCnghnhthnhmtqunicnnglc,vscnbngqunsbtunghingv
phahdcnphimtmtthigiandinaHoaKmichnhthcthanhniu.
FredFlott,vinchcSNgoivncpgttnthucvlngilinlckhngchnhthcgiaTaisMvnhngkmmuochnh,c
chnlmidinchnhthccachnhphMhtngnhngatrhNg.Trc,Qunh,vLQuynctmraschssaulntrn
trnhkhitrongrngrmLt.Bncamchng,ngNguynKhnh,vtngnghnhngangvichmrudmbmthttintngtrong
mmuochnhnm1960,mangbaatrvSiGntrnmybayringcang.ngkhngcgshitchnhquynqunsmi,hbit
ngvphahmtcchngtincy,nnngciukincugipbntr.17NgiMlmphnvictiptheo,abntrlnchicmybay
qunsC54caHoaKbaynThiLan.SauFlotthtng"baccn"nyn.HngihngnhttrnchuynbayPanAmcgil
"chuynbaydngnhiuni",qucnhRangoon,Calcutta,Delhi,vKarachi,trckhihcnhsaucngRome.FlottngicnhcuTrcmilm
tuitrongsutchuyni.
"Tithcsrtncuta,vcurtbitnmlychi.Cukhngkhc,tnhiuchothyscamchuhaysimtnhbngoicangichuv
chuyn[cucochnh]...Vcubctintcvhoncnhchacuvngbcctmthyphasauchicxechlnh,uhbdpntbi
nhngbngsngtiulinpvo,miloivtthngdolmtrnngih,vnhiuchkhc,ttcubctx.Cutacnhngchititny
visbnhthnhonton.CuctingAnhkhtt,dchngtitraoibngtingPhp.Nhngcukhnghiut"bdpnt",nnhitibng
tingPhp,"BdpnttingPhpnisao?".Tip,"Ecrabouille".Tinithm,"Ncnghalbdpnt,nhngchukhngcnchqunhiu
nccchitit,bivcthccnhbothmchkhngnhnthycnh,vlcchhvitmith".Vcutannhniumtcchbnh
tnh,tiptctrchuynvcuicngtiachngnRome".
ngbccachng,TngGimmcThc,anginhngatrRome.BNhuvncnLosAngeles.Flottcayngnhligiyphtbngiao
nhngatrchongThc:
"TnggimmcThcgpchngti,bncnhmybay.ngtvthch,vngbittic[is]CabotLodgecihtngbnnh.C
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khong150phngvinvccnhbokhc.TingnngiTngGimmcttntrng,chiabun,vnirngticis
Lodgeyucugiaonhngatrnychong,chngcthgplim,vmchngcgplichng.ngkhngnigviti,khngbt
tay,khngght.Mthnhxhontonxacch,lnhlng.Thuxpbnnhlnxehi,khngmtlicmn,khngght...
Chngtibovnhnganhcnykhiminguycchnthngtmlkhngctranhcig,khngcaixuthinvnigvichngtrong
sutchuyni.NhngkhngmtlicmnnLodge,nti,nPanAm,haybtkai.TngGimmcThcspxpchngvochiclimousine
tongcangvphngi".18
KhcthnghrngFlottcmthycquynimtlicmntgianhhNg.Suychocng,nggpphndndngviclth.Ton
bschvuphntchmcHoaKtrctipgyracucochnh1963NamVitNamv,nirngra,ssthihaianhemhNg.t
ngi ni v iu c ng hnTng thng Lyndon Johnson, khi ng cm rm trong cuc in m ngy 1 thng Hai, 1966 viThng ngh s
EugeneMcCarthy,"Chngtagitngy[ngDim].Ttcchngtaxmli,tphpmtlcnrixngvosthingta.Tngichngta
thtskhngcsnnhchnhtr".LiusspcachNgnhDimcthcslmchocucchintranhtithnnhiusoviginh
nungDimcncmquyn?CuGimcCIAWilliamColbynghvy.ngni,"VicltngDimlsailmthimchngtamcphi".Nu
HoaKduytrcshuthunchongDim,vnungtakhngbgit,Colbyngh,ngiM"cthtrnhchuhtphncnlica
cucchintranhny,miliuchngtamti".19
Rrng,ngiMdnhluvocucochnhSiGn.Mtsngingh,mtsngichngi,nhngmingicthngthunrng,t
nhtcmtngchothyHoaK,tTngthngKennedytrxung,unghmtcucochnhchngngDim.Viu,Mphilnh
trchnhim.
Theo li nhiu ngi k li,Tng thng Kennedy rt ht hong khi nghe tin hai anh em h Ng b st hi.Trong phng ni cc ca NhTrng,
TngMaxwellTaylornhli"Kennedynhydnglnrilaorakhiphngvivmtsngstvthtvng,iutichatngthytrcy".Nh
tnhboCIAColbyxcnhnphnng,nirngTngthng"mtmytrngnht,bcnhanhrakhiphngtrntnh". 20Nhngnhiungi
khcthcmclmsaomTngthngcthkinhngcnnhvy.ngthcskhnghiurngmtcucochnhthscnhnghuqu
ghgmsao?
NhRedFaye,bncaKennedynhli,TngthngkhngchttrchmnhvhaicichtcangDimvngNhu.ngcnlichobNhu."
chcht.Btaphichutrchnhimvcichtcanginngtt[Dim].Anhthy,hontonkhngbinminhckhingin
ngttchtchbiconchcichamivovlmmithsisclnht".21
Mtngysauvochnh,TngthngKennedycmtthngbongnghim.nggihaicichtcangDimvngNhul"htscgh
tm"vnhntrchnhimv"khuynkhchLodgelaotheomttintrnhmbtluniugxyrangtavnkhngtnan" 22.Nhngsuyngh
trncngvTngthngcangvvthmstSiGnsaubginonvcubJohnJr.batuivCarolinesutui,chngvovnphng
hreomtlcvib.Phasaunhngsibngnhnnhu,bncthnghethyhaiabni"Hello"vomyghimcaKennedy.Ngaysau
ngibhihaiabmithvschuynma:Vsaolcycmuxanh?Tuytritrnmttththno?Mycutraoinycnggythm
xcngnubnnhrngnhngabnyskhngbaogithyschuynmavichachnglnna.Kennedysbmstchbatunsau.
1 VchuynbNhuDallasvongynM,xemPeterDaleScott,DeepPoliticsandtheDeathofJFKiSngChnhTrKhLngVCi
ChtCaJFK(Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1996),214.VvicbNhuhindintrongnhnglthuytmmu,xemBradleyS.O'Leary
127/138
8/6/2016
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
vL.E.Seymour,TriangleOfDeath:TheShockingTruthabouttheRoleofSouthVietnamandtheFrenchMafiaintheAssassinationofJFKBBa
ChtChc:SThtGyScvVaiTrCaNamVitNamVMafiaPhpTrongVmStJFK(WashingtonDC:WNDBooks,2003),vradio
showcaMichaelCohenvvicbNhuchmuvmstJFKtrong"JFKAssassinationSpecialX"cang,CoasttoCoastAMwithGeorge
Noory,21thng11nm2012,http://www.coasttocoastam.com/show/2012/11/21.
VtrbnbcutnngtriDoughertyvnhngmtvBruceBaxterlbntraicaLThy,xemLife,ngy8thng11nm1963,v
VictoriaAdvocate(Beesville,Texas),28thng10nm1963.VlitrchdncathngcCaliforniaPatBrown,xemTime,1thng11,1963.
QuytnhhtrngloibDimvNhu,vittcnhnghlycanivicucchin,canbitrongvngvigichiuthby.Tng
thngnhncbcintnngMnghmtcucochnhtrongkhingvnangcngvvhaiconCngHyannis,angthngtic
sraicaacontraicnhnPatrickcahmihaituntrc.TrlngoitrngctrchVinngRogerA.HilsmanvThtrng
NgoigiaoW.AverellHarrimanvitbcin.BtrngQucphngRobertMcNamarakhnglinlcc,vTngthngKennedyhi"Chng
takhngthitithhai,khimingitrvsao?".Nhngkhiboccsquanhucncngiiquytchoxongbcintn,JFKchthbng
cuni,"Suynghxemccanhcthlmgktliuchuyn".NgoitrngDeanRusk,ThtrngNgoigiaoGeorgeBall(ngilcby
giangtrnsngn),vTrlctrchChngBoLonthucHingthammutrnglinqunVictor"Brute"Krulak,ttcugtu
ngkhihnghethyTngthngangbtnxanh,cngnhThtrngQucphngRoswellGilpatric,ngitmttcisckhin
ngk,nirng,"Ticmthykhngnnngnchuynli,vthtingvincngnhkhibnkxcnhnmtchngtvythi".(Jones,
DeathofaGeneration,315316).XemThvinJohnF.Kennedy,KennedyPapers,NationalSecurityFile:MeetingsandMemorandaSeries,box
316,folder"MeetingsonVietnam8/24/638/31/63".
VvicNhunghelntrongsqunMSiGn,xemKarnow,Vietnam,311312.
ThihnghchcaLodgecmtchitittrongColdWarMandarin:NgoDinhDiemandtheOriginsofAmerica'sWarinVietnam,19501963
caSethJacobs,(Lanham,MD:Rowman&Littlefield,2006),158.
NhngmtchititvvicktliusnghipCIAcaJohnRichardsonVitNam,xemlicophtrnNewYorkTimescang,14thng6nm
1998Blair,LodgeinVietnamvRichardson,MyPather,193.
HaroldP.Ford,"CIAandtheVietnamPolicymakersCIAvccnhlmchnhschVitNam,Episode2,19631965"TrungTmNghinCu
TnhBo,CIABooksandMonographs.
Ford,"CIAandtheVietnamPolicymakers".
NhngchititvcucnichuyncaNhuvingiminBc,xembinbncucnichuyngiaEisenhowervJohnMcCone,ngy19thng9
nm1963,ThvinDvvightD.Eisenhower,SpecialNameSeries,box12.XemthmMargaretKGnoiska,"PolandandVietnam,1963:New
EvidenceontheSecretCommunistDiplomacyandtheManeliAffair"(WorkingPaper45,ColdWarInternationalHistoryProject,WoodrowWilson
CenterforInternationalScholars,Washington,D.C,2005).
NhngtnhtitvcucgpgviLodgevFelt,xemJosephButtinger,ADragonEmbattled(Westport,CT:PraegerPublishing,1967),2:1005v
"RevolutionintheAfternoon"Time,8thng11,1963.
Vcu"ncthi"caNhu,xemKarnow,Vietnam,44.
Vnhngkhochochnhgi,xemNeilSheehan,ABrightandShiningLie:JohnPaulVannandAmericainVietnam(NewYork:VintageBooks,
1989),367369vKarnow,Vietnam,316320.
Mtvsphnbicanh,xemButtinger,ADragonEmbattled,2:10031004.
VvicDimvNhulncuicngcnhnthybiMTuyn,xemFoxButterfield,"ManWhoShelteredDiemRecounts'63Episode",NewYork
Times,ngy4thng11nm1971,5.
Higgins,OurVietnamNightmare,225.
128/138
8/6/2016
16 "TheOverthrowofNgoDinhDiemLtNgnhDim,Thng511,1963",trongThePentagonPapers:TheDefenseDepartmentHistoryof
UnitedStatesDecisionMakingonVietnam,ed.MikeGravel(Boston:BeaconPress,1971),2:201276.
17 Khnhngmtvaitrtrongvnngqunsngmanvochnhnm1963,nhngngkhngcchnlmngithmihai
trongHingQunsCchmngdnubiMinhLn.Vothng1nm1964,KhnhcmucucltMinhLn"mkhngphibnmt
vinn"vtrthnhlnhttiptheocaNamVitNamnhngtriuicangtachtntivnvnmtnm.VothngHainm1965,ng
tabltbibnvtngtr.
18 FredFlott,TheForeignAffairsOralHistoryCollectionoftheAssociationforDipomaticStudiesandTraining(WashingtonDC:LibraryofCongress,
ManuscriptDivision,July22thng1984).
19 VnhgicaColbyrngvochnhltDimlsailmtitnhtcaM,xem"Transcript,WilliamE.ColbyOralHistoryInterviewII,
3/1/82",byTedGittinger,InternetCopy,ThvinTngthngLBJ,3233.
20 VphnngcaKennedyvicichtcaDimvNhu,xemJones,DeathofaGeneration,425436.
21 LiracaKennedy"chcht"cdingiilibibnthncangRedFayxemThvinJohnF.Kennedy,PaulB.FayJr.,OralHistory
InterviewJFK#3,11thng11nm1970.
22 JohnF.Kennedy,TelephoneRecordings:DictationBelt52.1.DictatedMemoirEntry,November4,1963,PapersofJohnF.Kennedy,Presidential
Papers,President'sOfficeFiles,JohnF.KennedyLibrary.
Chng16
LUVONG
BNhuvcongivncnnnliCaliforniaquanhngngykhngkhiputinsauvochnh.BaatrkianRome,nhngbNhuvn
chaththeochng.BkhngthchpnhncnhngtintcntNamVitNamnirngngDimvngNhuchtvqunikim
sotchnhquyn.BNhuvnhyvngvomtduhiunochothychngbvanhrbvncnsng.Mtcichtngytocthlmt
phntrongnhngmutnhtitnhcachngb.Nhngtmnhchphaithithgckhngthuytphccb.Haicixcbdpntqu
mccthnhndin.Bsmtthmbanmnahontonchpnhncichtcahvchpnhnrngbskhngbaogicnlnht
PhunhncaVitNamCnghana.Trongnhngngysauochnh,bNhudavostcginvphnntiptcsng.
Vongy5thngMiMt,bnngysauochnh,btchchpbotimtphngcchxasnhkhchsnBeverlyWilshire.BNhumangknh
en,mtchuingcngin,vchicodisngdu,mmusccancnhthLawrenceGoldsteinmtl"mucanhtrng".
GingbNhunhnghnlikhibcgngcmtbiphtbiuchunbsn."BtcaicngiMlngminhthkhngcnkthnona".B
cobucHoaKphinhntrchnhimvvochnhv,vcikhngiy,trntnharamtlidbokd:"Ticthnitrcvicc
bnrngcuchuynVitNamchmibtu".
Chab,ngTrnVnChng,ngikhnglcnochugpbtrongchuynidicthngcabnHoaK,leocuthanghulnphngsuite
khchsncabNhutngtm.Chavcongigplinhautrongkhungcnhringt,vsaungChngnivibochrngkhngc"nhu
cuphihagii"hxpquamtbnnhngkhcbitkhicngnhnvothmkch.BNhukchoClareBoothLucemtcuchuynhonton
khc,vngtinhnnhiu.Chabnthmb,bni,vngmuntrvVitNamthamgiachnhphmi,nhngrrngngkhngthlmiu
mkhngcscvcacongi.Khng,ngayckhingChngcthxoayxnivcchthcvtquaxcnganchnhtrloi.ng
khngthngingianhpvolclngcanhngngigitconrngmkhngcviligiithchhocsgipcabNhu.ngn
129/138
8/6/2016
khchsncabBeverlyWilshirehiliungcthnivicngchngrngngicongigachngcangthathchong.
NhngbNhukhnglmmtvicnhth.BskhngthathchongvbrichhithngTm,vbskhngthathchongv
khngtipbvLThythmnhng.Bskhngbaogi,khngbaogithathchonghocmbvkhintuithcab,acongi
thbbb,khnkhnvy.
ClbNhubitrngngChngvvnglmximnchnhphngDimtrongnhiunm,nhngcthbkhngbitttcchitit.Wesley
Fishel,nginguNhmCvnVitNamcaihcMichiganStatevsauchcntvnchochngDim,trthnhbnthncang
DimtrongnhngnmunhimkTngthngcang.Nhmcangkhuynbomiththnhchnhcngvnhnsnkinhthcvcc
quytnhthngmi,vnhiuxutcahnhhnhnncchiuhnhqucgiacangDim.NhngdngnhngDimkhngnig
nhiukhitrlilthchnthnhcaFishelnm1960,mtlicnhbov"nhngthamvng[rrng]munleolnvtrcaohn"cangChng.
Fishel bo ng Dim rng ng Chng "gn nh thnh cng trong vic ph hoi t chc nhng ngi bn ca ngi M" t giy pht ng ta n
Washingtonvitcchis. 1KhngaicthtrlitisaongDimgingChngli,nhngtnhtsauochnhbNhucthcmthyt
nhiuanikhibitrngchambskhngginhclichgtsphnbicah.Vochnhmchambgpphntnntngsbth
phisngcucsngluy.
BNhukhngthbitrngcucsngcahsktthcvbsthihaimibanmsau.Bkhngthbitrngacontraicngqumvnh
bribslngigith.NhngvkchShakespearemcingChngrtthchlngnghe,nhngchuynkvsinr,phntrc,bi
kchgianh,vboth,khinhnliulnhngchuynkbotrcnhmnhcang.
tnhinbNhuthymnhcnhnglolngthctnhtinbc.Phngkhchsncabtn98mtm.MtngigngivibNhutitl
vitNewYorkTimesrngbnHoaKvi5.000tinmtchomtchuynidkinbatun.NgicngththmrnggiaticabNam
VitNamcthiphngttctinbcuchyvoqucangchnhtrcachngb.Khngctintitkimvchcmttcphnnc
ngoi."Tinbcchcchnlmtmilo",ngithncnniringviNewYorkTimes.Trongkhilitknhngvicphilmsauochnh,bNhu
tiptcmcnvbkhngcnchnhphgihantnhtinv.AllenChase,nhkinhdoanhtichnhngcuiconngringdiquanh
cochyvotnnh,nghbtrphngkhchsnnlmkhchcang.ChasevvngbNhusdngphngngcahtrongkhih
diraphngkhch.
JamesMcFadden,chtpchbothNationalReview,lmttrongstnginthmbNhu,vbochtngthutrngbthngthovi
ccnhxutbnvgiilmphim,dangLosAngeles,bnvvicbncuchuyncab.NhnggitrlnnhtcabNhucthcnhn
ranubliHoaKlugynhhngnnmbucspti.Trongmtcuctrchuynquainthoi,ClareBoothLucevRichardNixon
chiascmtngrngbNhuthcsckhnnggytnhichoTngthngKennedy.LuceniviNixonbtinchc"JackKennedymuncmt
nnhabnhquathngthuyt!"vmtkhingiMnhnranhngnhthtcang,mtVitNamCnghatrunglp,ngskhngcbu
li.BNhu,ngigaphangkhau,"vnlmtkhunmtbn".
NhngrtcucbNhukhngcchnlathcsno.Bkhngctin,vnhngngibnpheCnghacngkhngthgipbmi.Bli
mtnahan1.000chathanhtonkhchsnBeverlyWilshire,vbriHoaKnRomecontvibangiconcamnh.
Trckhii,bNhucbiphtbiutbitsnbay."GiuabnGisuily30ngtinvng.AnhemnhhNgbbnchvvi
la".
TrongkhibNhutrchnhimchoHoaKvvochnh,nhngngikhccngtichob.TngthngJohnF.Kennedykhngphilngi
duynhtlichobNhuvvochnhSiGn.VinchcSThngtinHoaKEverettBumgardenergibNhul"imvachm"giangi
130/138
8/6/2016
MvchhNg.Blpra"thmtinghltaihiivichnhquynngDimricuicngdnnssuyspcang". 2Sgiav
VitNamJosephButtingercngkhngnhnhnghntrongcngtrnhlchshaitpcangvChintranhVitNam:ngmtbNhunhhn
trngtrncngichtui.3
Nhngrtcuc,bNhungvnhiuchuynmbkhngbaoginhnclikhen.BngkhinirnghngtriulavoNamVitNam
gytnhicngnhiunhgipchtrongcucchinchngCngsn.S"Mha"VitNamCnghakhinnhiungiqucgiahngn
Cngsn,nhngngicnhborngchnghatbnchcheynhthcdncaM.BNhutngnirngngiMangmutnhchngli
chny,vthcvy,tvisSiGnnTngthngNhTrng,hanglmvy.VvicCngsn"uc"cctnPhtgioch,
bcnglingvchuyn.CcnguntinCngsnsauchintranhtitlrngcccvcahthcsxmnhpvoPhtgiovthcy
cucnidymahnm1963.BngcchloibngDim,ngiMhnhnhmcmuCngsn.
BNhucngbuctibochbCngsn"uc",vmtlnnabng.Sauchintranh,mtnginngVitNamtnlPhmXunn
c chnh quyn H Ni phong danh hiuAnh hng Lc lng V trang, tng thng bn hun chng qun cng, v thng cp ln thiu tng
QuniNhndnVitNam.ngntnglipvincaBcVit.ngtnglmvicchoReuters,Time,ChristianScienceMonitor,vNewYork
HeraldTribune.NhngnginhDavidHalberstamcaNewYorkTimes,CharlieMohrcatpchTime,RobertShaplencaNewYorkers,vngayc
StanleyKarnow,tcgicacunschnhiuthmquynVietnam:AHistory,tmnngnnhmtngunthngtinvnhphntchchnhtr.
Khngnghingg,ngngipnhngnhbonynhhnhquanimvVitNam,vnhngquanimcahnhhnhkincangiMv
thmchnhtrongtrnghpcangDimvvchngngNhunhhnhchnhschcachnhquvnM.
NhnglinitbitcabNhutibuihpboBeverlyWilshire"TicthnitrcviccbnrngcuchuynVitNamchmibtu"
cngtrthnhstht.TngthngHoaKJohnF.KennedymunrtrakhiVitNam.Nhiutliuchothyngcnhhybnhngcamkt
qunscaMiviVitNamCngha.CchcginghrngKennedycthxctincucochnhchngngDimvngNhutrongnlc
sai lm mun thc y s rt lui , nhng d nhin h ch c th suy on khi Kennedy b m st ba tun sau hai anh em h Ng. V cht sm,
KennedythotctrchnhimtihuvVitNam.
Ngy24thngMiMt,1963,bNhugithchiabuntRomenJacquelineKennedy,byt"nimcmthngsuscnbvccconnh
cab".Nhngbkhngthkhngthmvomtlinhcnhnhcbutvnhngthngkhmbnthnbangchung."Nhngvtthng
trnngiTngthngKennedyginghtnhngvtthngcaTngthngNgnhDim,vcachngti,vchng[n]chhaimingysau
thmkchVitNam".BNhumunnirng,cchnobthymnhmnhmhnhayctrangbtthnimtvithmkchsovib
Kennedykhibvit,"Ticngthngcmhnnavtihiurngththchnyivibcvnhkhngthchunivbquensngmtcuc
sngcchcheanlnh".Nicchkhc,githbthynnhthnori.
NgaysaukhituynthnhmchctrnchicmybayphnlcAirForceOnevothngMiMt,1963,tnTngthngM,LyndonJohnson,xem
xtvicleothangchintranhVitNam.ngni,ngskhngl"vTngthngnhnthyngNamitheoconngTrungHoai"ng
cngskhngHoaKthtbitrcBcVit,"mtqucgiatiuiu,xxc".Trongnmtipsau,Johnsonbtnxanhchocccuctkch
BcVit,tngshindincaquniMt12.000n75.000qun,vsdngcccuctncngcnghebocolivomttuMVnh
BcbbinminhchovicgychincaTngthng.Mischctitthmt.CcnvchinucaHoaKctrinkhaivonm
1965,vchintranhVitNamchuynthnhcucchintranhgiaHoaKvpheCngTrungHoavLinXcngbtugivintrgipBc
Vit.ntrcnm1969,chn500.000qunnhnHoaKntrVitNam,nhnghvnkhngthcuqucgianythotkhitayCngsn.
Hoa K rt qun nm 1973, v ngy 30 thngT, 1975, nhng chic xe tng Cng sn tin vo Si Gn. Vit Nam cui cng c thng nht,
nhngphitrginhnmngqut.Cn2triudnthngVitNam,1,1triuqunBcVitvqunCngsnNamVitNam,cnggn
250.000qunnhnVitNamCnghathitmngnm1982BiatngnimCuchinbinhVitNamWashington,D.C,khctnhn58.200thnh
131/138
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IraqvAfghanistan.
KhichintranhVitNamnravthgiitptrungvoVnhBcb,riTtMuThnvMLai,nhngtrnnmbomHNimaGingsinh,b
Nhulidnvohucnh.Cucsngcabngycngllngvbunthm.Bctng,taigiutnsauochnh,mtcnhchungc
Paris.BNhukhngthcmcvmnqusuychocng,bchorngngiMnbnhiuhnmtcnh,ngoirabcnqubnrntrongvic
chnglinhngnlcidnb.ChnhquynmiNamVitNamangkinnghchnhphPhptunthhipnhvcngctphp1954
chophpdnnhngngibcholtiphm,vHinglnhoqunnhnphtlnhbtgiamb.HmunbNhuratrctaSiGnv
"hyhoinnkinhtqucgia"v"viphmccquinhvngoihi".NungiPhpgibvliNamVitNam,bcthddngbitciug
sxyrasau.Emrcab,NgnhCn,vncnVitNamsauochnh.ngCntmnhchynlnhsqunMtiHuvihyvngs
cbov.NhngngiMgiaonpngCnchoHingqunnhn,hktnngiuhnhcchotngcangDimHu.ngCnb
giamtrongkhmChHatiSiGnmythngtrckhibkolrasn,ngtrcihnhquyt.ngCnbbnhtiungmkhngc
iutrnnngitaphitmcchdngnglnnglnhn.
Chothucnhbnphngmitoanh,nhsngtrnngpvhngrathpEiffel,lthunhptimnngduynhtcabNhuvnsgipbra
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NamVitNam.Nnglngmunrai,bNhuchpnhnmcgithunhutin,thphnnhiumc3.000francsmbhyvngnhngcng
trangtrinhngchiphthityu.BchuynnmtmnhtkhcnngoiRome,mingtmchngbtuvihyvngngynos
xydngmtnindtCnggiochocccngchctrongchnhquynNgnhDim.
NgianhccahNg,TngGimmcThc,gipbNhuccquynlnhcanhtrnmnhtRometrckhingchuynsangcngvictu
hnhmicangxominNamncPhp.Nm1981,ngtrthnhmtngikcc.ngtchkhiGiohiCnggiochnhthngvbt
uphongchcgimmcmkhngcsphchuncaVatican.ngThcdnhlunmtmmuchnccgimmcvomthing
Mexico,sauhschngiohongmiltgiohongVatican.Khiphinilngthikhngcgiohichunthun.ngThc
chtnm1984,khngmtngxudnhtivtngihaybit,thtmmibytuitimttuvinCarthage,Missouri.
Mi chuyn cng khng d dng g cho b Nhu. Vo ngy 12 thng T, 1967, a con gi yu ca b, L Thy, cht v tai nn xe hi ngoi
Longjumeau,Php.Cchmihmhaitui.BNhuluntinrngcongibbsthi.LThyanghclybngcnhnlut.Tmhnnhiu
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nhinbNhunghvcichtcaconginhmttnhtitnatrongmtbikchtrinhthmtnphcucib.
Maythay,theobNhu,baaconcnlicabkhngquantmnvictringhimlilchs.Trc,Qunh,vLQuynangcgngttocho
mnhhnhnhmicanhngcngdnchuu.Hvohccctrngdanhgi,vhaingicviclmtrongcctchcquct:Qunhlmcho
mttponsnxutlncaMBrussels,cnLQuynlmchotchccutrCaritascavccvnngitnnvditr.Cvnhsau
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thphmnm1986,baatrhNgcthvtquacdisnkhngkhipcah.Nhngvongy16thngT,2012,acongitcab
Nhu,LQuyn,btnntrnmtxalRomekhichicxeVespacacnguvimtxebut.KnhthngtinRomaUnocaalnYoutube
mtonbngvideoquayhintrngtainn,muvnrratngdngquatmvitrngtritrnng.Trongmythngsautainnc50.000
132/138
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ltngixemonbngny.TikhngthkhngsosnhviLinguynKennedykhtting:TinghngianhKenndey,mtdanhgiavngtc
duynhtkhcmccthnhvincandngnhphignhchunhngsphnbithmkhngtngxng.
BNhutrnhcnithngkhphichnctthmmtacon.Bthtmmisutuivrainhnhng,contraibtrnanti,tanivi
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mumttcnhngtngsomncklidylnm.TruynthngbochnnnvitnhcchrngcignnhchgiucabNhu
khongmttunmtchungcuckhhuyhongchomtngisngtrongbngtibnminmqua.NhngstridycabNhukhngth
kodi.CuctkchngonmcvsaulcichtcaOsamabinLadenchuynschtnhnggxyraVitNamnm1963trlivi
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tchigptivbbitrnglmvysphvmtphnbnvsbnskhintitrlivib.Mtkhibbclttc,bskhngcnlm
chtnhhnhna.Vbskhngbaogilmvytnhtlkhng,vichch.Chonkhibkhngcngiccibmungi.
Titrntrkhngbitphilmgy.BNhutintnggiaochotihikvnhngtmnhcab,vsaukhibquai,tinhnthyrhn
trchnhim.Tikhngthcthchonhnglinisaucngbniviringtibmbithigiansuychocng,btngniiniliviti
rngbmuncmtchicuicngclngnghe.Tuyvy,tronghikcamnh,bchmunkodiphinbncaringbvhuynthoi
RngCi.Bvitnhthbxarihontonvihinthc.Chnghn,tronghikcamnh,bNhutchomnhltrungtmvtphngi
mnhkhivit,"Doiviti,chnhvstmcnhnmunphibycucidingngcamnhmticgngnhli,tngchtmt,
chngngcativitcchlaconnhbtinnhcaChacha...Tinghtiscthngcmnhiuhn,vcthgipngikhctrn
hnhtrnhcah,bngcchnhlihnhtrnhcamnh".BcngttinnghrngmnhhontoncthnhnghalikhinimngiphnVit
Namhini:"Tikhngbaogingngimisuyngh,datrnnhngquilutcacihini,vcicgilcucimtngiphn".
BNhultnghabnthnvlchsgianhbtrongnhngtranghikcamnh,chabaogitcuhivmttinmsaunhngnhtt
cagianh.Lilmduynhtmbgnnhthanhnvitithbchnithmquainthoi:"Lratinnkhimtnhnmtchtkhinivs
caoccagianhti".
Nhngtrongbicnhquanhcachngti,iumtisgiltnhbn,tithybNhulnginbphctpvnhycmhncnhnggb
tnguynthhinquanhngtrangvitbgichoti.Titmracchtntrngbvskinnhcabmkhngbqualixtcab,v
giyticmthynhmnhctraochinhthcmtnichnxaxi,llmtronglchsmbtnghindin.
133/138
8/6/2016
TinmmthybNhukhnglusaukhibquai.TitrongmtbitthRome,ngtrcmtmingitrnggingmtthgctrong
cunschchLatinhnmlptmcati.TticdntimtcighdibcnhungbncnhcgiduyndngmticholLThy,a
conchttlucabNhu.Cghlnhviti,vtichtlossphinghenhnglimngnhictbNhu.Tibucphingch,chmi,
chonkhimtbgitcbcgynhomhinraningngca.Ticmthymtthithcklmunitivngtaymb,nhngbphytaybo
tivlichngi.Bkhngbaogiivophng,nhngticthnghertingbnhthbangnivotaiti:"Ginytibnlm,khngtipc
c".Ringinbginuaqungvaicgi,haingiikhut.Hanggnnhbinmtvomtngchticatinsnhthnginb
nhthquaylimmcithttnhinviti.Tithybvuiv.Dnhintibitrttcnhngtrtinhquimvthccthbyra,nhngti
thcdyvistinchchtscklrngbNhuanngh.Bkhngcnquantmnhnggtinihaylmna.
SaucichtcabNhu,khicunnhtkcabxuthinBronx,titmthytrongnhngtrangvitsxcnhnmttnhcchhpdn,ymu
thunmtibitnquainthoi.Tichcrngbkhngmuncunnhtkckhaithc.Tisao,bhnsmngm,mingiliquan
tmnnhngcuccicvtvnhcamtcuchnnhnkhngmay?Aicnmunnghenhngchuynccnhnhtnykhihbrmrtrc
bngmallngycnglntkhngkhchnhtrChintranhLnhvcucchinchngCngsn.Bkhngththyrngcuchuyncckringt
vnhngbthnhtronghnnhncablcnhcamrathgiitmlcamtngiphncthamvngrncbnsccnhnvttc
nhnghlymbgyra.
Ngayonucunnhtk,vitngy28thngMt,1959,bNhu,bamibntui,vncntrtrungvchabmckttrongnhngthtvng
camtchchusphnbit,duvybvnthi,chngphingaysaukhicratilthiimttnhtchthaysao?Sphinmun
suxacabtringchontonvihnhnhttinmblunthhinmtcchrtcnthntrcmingi.Vingysau,bvitrngbi
nmtquytnhkhkhn.Bdtkhotrngbskhngbaogilthgkhcngoichnhbnthnb.Nhngdngmtvquytnhnykh
mh,"tbnhnggicmhngti",cthhiulchmdtnhnghyvngvmtngtrcon,nhngonkhhiumangtnhdtkhotr
rng."Tikhngthcghnna,tiskhngcnghnna".
Trongnhtk,bNhutralmtphnlcnocnglonghncuchnnhncamnh.BvitrngngNhuliisn.ngNhukhchuvang
cgngbhtthuc.ngNhulchuynbayvnhvibctnh,bnibnggi.Chcmtlnbnhlinglmbngcnhinkhitran
cnvibmuachobmtchmntreothytinhnhnknimngycicah.ChodngNhucthvnnhnbmmhoctbntay
lnlndamtlnhcab,bNhuvnthanthntrchphn:"Anhykhngcntrlmghn".Khingtrabitnmbtchi,nglikhng
bitlmchuynnhthnovlcnonhbmun.BNhucayngvinghrngngNhuxihtthitrtrungtheomnh,chongino
ngthch,vtuibamibn,bbktvichttcnlicang.Khngkhonbmung.BNhuvitrngbphitmnhiucch"lm
dungnladcvng".
Dbmuntrnhnbngmicch,cunnhtkvnchothyrnhngnhucutnhcmcabNhukhngcthamnchonkhibtm
thymtchngtrongchnhtrng.Tikhngthkhngcmthngvinginbtthlmnhquanhngtrangvitringt.Bthtvngbi
thigian,bikhnggian,vnhngtruynthngxungquanhb.Bbbpnghttttrongcuchnnhnkhngammvbbaovybinhngk
thiutinhthnvkhtvng.Tnglaihnlcnkhngkhip.
"Mnhngycngbtyuanhy",baukhvitchochnhmnhc.Song,nhtngthhintrcytrongnhngphtgiythtvng,bNhu
smnhmtrli.Bstmthychngchochnhmnhbncnhchng,lcchduynhtbcthlm,bngcchihibphictha
nhn.Nhskingancaloist,bNhuilimtmnhHoaKsuttrongthigianochnh.BkhngspkhianhemhNgngxung
bkhngbaogibcuckhinhngngichungquanhothot,vbsngluhnttcbnh:Nhngngtngphnbi,nhngquanchcM
lmtltri,vngaycnhngkmmugitrangnnptrongbngti.
134/138
8/6/2016
Thmchdngnhbnmmivtnhyutnhiuquavicucngoitnh.Trongnhtkbvitvbanginngchbngtnvitttcah:
L,K,vH.Lilmhtiphithibclnnothcslmtheothithccamnhkhng:"Thtsungsnglchagpaicttcnhng
ci","nhngci"lkthpmongmuncasngaytht,ngngm,vtnsngnhngphmchtxngvinhngphmchtcabnthn
b.NhngHcvlgnginht,vinhnggbmtnhlnglcvcchvevnkhcthng,mcdbkhngcungcpchititnokhcm
chninglmtDonJuanththit.BrtrhiH,"Anhlcnocngnhvyviphn?"vcutrlicanglmbvuisngkhngdt:"Em
cthcsnghmiphnugingemkhng?Anhphivtquacidngmitmraem".
NginngHndanhhiubNhu.Tiphnnothngcmvingta,mcdtikhngbit,ngsauchvittt,nglai.ngyuL
Xun,bNhu,bivconngicab:pnsngs,kiuhnh,ngangngnh,mtnginbskhngbnhtvomtchmnhngngi
nngchungquanhbngnrachob.Btranhuviccch,nhngkcp,vccthlccalchstrckhiibhontt.Bsng
giacuchuyn,ltrungtmcathinsthimbcnmvo,vskhngaicthquncb.Quthc,bxngngvtquai
dngtmkim,vtivuisngvmnhlmiu.
LICMT
Lngtrinsuscnhtcatixingi,ttnhin,nbNhu,vsngcucilthngnhvyvchiasviticuchuynib.Nhng
quynschnyskhngthccnukhngcsgipcanhiungikhc.
B Nhu t hn s cn xa l vi chng ta bit my nu khng nh s hiu khch ca ng John Phm v tm lng ho hip ca i y James Vn
Thch,nhngngimtimunginlicmnchnthnh.
Tihctpvinhiugiosvnhgiolilctrongnhiunmqua.GiosJackHarrisihcHobartandWilliamSmithdndttitrong
chuynthmVitNamlnutin,vgiosHTiHuTmtiihcHarvardnibtvisuynbclilccabvlchsVitNam.NgNh
Bnh, ngi hng dn ting Vit ca ti ti Harvard, l ngi thy tn tm nht ti c may mn c hc. Xin cm n gio s Edward Miller ti
Dartmouthchotinhnglikhuynsngsutvhcthutcang,mcdkhngphilmtgiostrctiphngdnti.
Tichnglichtolntschnthtvrnglngcanhngngimtiphngvn.Nhiungitrongshsngquamtcuc
chinmtichcthvitvn,vtithymnhkmcisovishiubitcah.CmnngiisJimRosenthal,bMauterstock,PhmNgc
Lan, Lan Dai Do, b Bourdillion, v Dominique Matthieu. Xin gi li tri n v cng n nhiu nh vn v k gi vit v chin tranh Vit Nam v
nhngngiquaikhitiangvitquynschny,baogmStanleyKarnowvMalcolmBrowne.Lmtlnhmi,tithymnhmaymnc
coilthnhvincamtnhmmnhdanhl"OldHacks".Cmnccbnchophptithamgiavonhngcuctrchuyncaccbn.
Tinnnhiuvqunthth,chuynvinlutrvnth,vnhngnhnvinlmchocucnghincucatitrnnhuchhnticccs
sau:ThvinTngthngJohnF.KennedyvthvinTngthngDwightD.Eisenhower,HcvinHoover,ihcVirginia,ihcSyracuse,ihc
TiubangMichigan,ThvinQuchi,vVnkhQucgiatiCollegeParkMaryland.XinginhnglicmncbitnSteveDenneyetii
hcCalifornia,Berkeley,chpvgirtnhiutmhnhvMargaretHarmantiThvinTngthngLBJnhvnhngbcnhchpdahca
bNhu.CmnccchuynvinlutrvnthPhpTrungtmVnkhHingoicaPhpAixvVnkhSHATVincennes.
Xin c bit cm n MalgorzataLabno v Jessica Martino v o su cuc nghin cu v nhng bi vit. V cm n ngi bn ti nng ca ti
135/138
8/6/2016
JessicaTampaschptmhnhtcgichoti.ViAbbyLewisvLauraPhmLewis,cmnccbnbinthgiitrthnhmtnidngnh
nhbhn.XingilicmkchbaolanSuzanneSantos,MarjorieElliott,vSueKellyvcbnthoklngvTedMoorevcchdint
phhp.
CmnKatherineSanfordvsongthncac,PetervSusanOsnos,nhngngikhuynkhchtitrongnhngnlcutin.Tivcngmay
mngpcidinLindsayEdgcombeLevineGreenbergLiteraryAssociates.ChatinvimtingtuytvitiPublicAffairs,v
tichnthnhcmnmingirascchoquynschny,nhtlRachelKingvJenKelland.BintpvincativlchbtcaPublic
Affairs,ClivePriddle,xngngvilicmtsuscnhtcativivicchmchttuncuiqutrnhvcithintngtrangvit.
Cngvicnhiunmnghincuvvitlchcatiskhngbaogihonthnhnukhngcsgipcabnbvgianhti.Xintrinmi
ngi, c bit l cha m: m ti, Marie Catherine, v chng b, Richard cha ti, Gary, v v ng, Suzann v b m chng ti, Carol vTom.Ti
mangnh,cngviccemti,TallyvTama,vgianhh,vlngkinnhnvtnhyudnhchotixuynsutdnny.Timcnmtli
cmncbitnimttinhtngcamcmnmdnhthigian.Trnht,ticmntnhyuvssngtocaccconti,Tommyv
CC,vngichngtuytvicati,Tomcmnnhngngiluntintngvtruyncmhngchoti.
TMLCCCBINCLCHS
1802:HongGiaLongthngnhtmtnhmlnhthgnktlnglovinhauthnhmtqucgiavitngiVitNamvchnHulmkinh.
18591880:PhpchimVitNam,Campuchia,vLonhngqucgialcbygicgilngDnglmthuca.
1910:NgnhNhuchoingoithnhphHu.
1924:TrnLXunsinhraHNi.
1940:ChnhquynVichyralnhchochnhquynthcdnngDngcngtcvingiNht.
1943:TrnLXunkthnviNgnhNhuvtrthnhbNhu.
1945:Nhtuhng,vThchinthhaiktthc.HChMinhtuynbVitNamlmtqucgiaclpnhngngaylptcgpphiskhngc
caPhpangcnhtichimthucacah.
19461954:ChintranhngDnglnthnht,mtcucchinginhclpcaVitMinh,ctmchinlcquantrngtrongsutChintranh
TriuTinvphnchiasnghqucttheoccbntrongChintranhLnhTrungHoavLinXnghVitMinh,HoaKnghPhp.
1954:PhpbitrntiinBinPh.HipnhGenvechiaVitNamthnhhaiqucgiadctheovtuynmiby.ThcaminBcCngsn
HNithcaminNam,VitNamCngha,SiGn.
19541963:NgnhDimnguchnhquynVitNamCnghamithnhlp.Emdung,bNhu,cbanchoavvquynlcca
nhtPhunhnVitNamCngha.
1960:ChnhquynCngsnHNithnhlpMttrnGiiphngDntc,mtlclngqunsdukchchngngDim,chngMNamVit
Nam,mvsaungiMgilVitCng.
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8/6/2016
1963:TngthngVitNamCnghaNgnhDimvemtraiNgnhNhubsthitrongmtcucochnhdoMbtnxanh.BNhubt
ucuciluvong.
1964:BincVnhBcbxyra.QuchiMtraochoTngthngHoaKLyndonJohnsonquynkhaichin,vscandcaquniMVit
Namchnhthcbtu.
1973:HoaKrtqunkhiVitNam.
1975:SiGnthtthvotayngiCngsn,vqucgiaVitNamctithngnht.
1995:QuanhngoigiaogiaHoaKvVitNamcbnhthngha,vlnhcmvncaHoaKiviVitNamcdb.
2011:BNhuquaitrongmtbnhvinRome,.
LIBT
caPeterOsnos,NhsnglpvBintpvinclp
ChuyniutincaMoniqueBrinsonDemerynVitNamnm1997nhmtphncachngtrnhduhccahaiihcHobartvWilliam
Smith.CnhnchcbngVASIcaBGiodcHoaKtheohctingVittiHNi,vnm2003,cnhnbngThcsvnghc
caihcHarvard.NhngcucphngvnkhithycaDemeryvibNhunm2005llnutincunhtPhunhnVitNamCngha
dnhchomtngiphngTytronggnhaiminm.DemerysngChicago.
PublicAffairslmtnhxutbncthnhlpnm1997.Nlhinthncanhngchunmc,gitr,vstinhtcabaconngiphngs
nhnhngvcvnthngthicavskgi,nhvn,bintpvin,vttcmingitronggiischv,trongcti.
I.RStone,chshuI.EStonesWeekly,kthpstntmviTuchnhnthnhtvlngnhitthnhdoanhnhnvknngtngthut.ngtr
thnhmttrongnhngkgitdovitronglchsHoaK.tuitmmi,IzzychoramttcphmTheTrialofSocrates,vnlmtquynsch
bestsellertonquc.ngvitquynschsaukhithctingHyLpc.
BenjaminC.BradleetronggnbaminmltngbintpyuytncaTheWashingtonPost.ChnhBenlngimanglichoPostmttm
vcvscanmtheouinhngvnlchsnhWatergate.ngnghccphngvincamnhviskinnhkhinhdnthnmt
cchkhngshivchngphingunhinmrtnhiungitrongshtrthnhtcginhngquynschbestsellerythanhth.
RobertL.Bernstein,gimciuhnhcaRandomHousetronggnmtphntthk,dndtmttrongnhngnhxutbnhnguquc
gia.BnthnBobccngchorainhiuquynschbtngquanimvtranhlunchnhtrthchnhngchnhthbongctrnton
cu.ngcnglnhsnglpvchtchluicaHumanRightsWatch,mttrongnhngtchcbnhvcnhnquyncknhtrngnhttrn
thgii.
Trongnmminm,ngnccaPublicAffairsPresscgingcaobichnhnMorrisB.Schnapper,ngixutbnGandhi,Nasser,
Toynbee,Truman,vkhong1.500tcgikhc.Nm1983,SchnappercTheWashingtonPostmnhdanhl"mtkchmchcnggm".Di
sncangscntntitrongnhngquynschspramt.
PeterOsnos,NhsnglpvBintpvinclp
137/138
8/6/2016
1 "ThgiosWesleyR.FishelcaMSUgiTngthngVitNamCngha,(Dim",FRUS,19581960,1:426433.Xemthmvtnhcchng
ChngtrongHammer,ADeathinNovember,303.
2 "PhngvnEverettBumgardener[2],1982",24thng8nm1982,WGBHMediaLibrary&Archives.
3 Buttinger,ADragonEmbattled,2:956957.
138/138

Madam Nhu Trần Lệ Xuân Quyền Lực Bà Rồng - Monique Brinson Demery

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Madam Nhu Trần Lệ Xuân Quyền Lực Bà Rồng - Monique Brinson Demery

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8/6/2016

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