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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

Checked by

Date

Retaining Wall Design : Ver W3.0.03 - 06 Apr 2016

Title : Cantilever wall example
C14

Input Data
Wall Dimensions

H1
H2
H3
Hw
Hr
B
D

(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)

3.53
.5
0.6
2.8
0.36
1.9
.1

C
F
xf
At
Ab
Cov wall
Cov base

Unfactored Live Loads

(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
mm
mm

0.25
0
0
.25
.25
50
50

W
P
xp
L
xl
Lh
x

General Parameters

()
Soil frict
Fill slope ()
Wall frict ()
Conc kN/m3
kN/m3
Soil
fck
(MPa)
0.00 fy
(MPa)

5
10
0.125
0
0.65

(kN/m)
(kN)
(m)
(kN/m)
(m)
(kN/m)
(m)

Design Parameters

27
0
20
25
18
19
450

SF Overt.
SF Slip
ULS DL Factor
ULS LL Factor
Pmax
(kPa)
Soil Poisson
DLFac Slide/Ovt

Seepage not allowed

Active pressure applied on back of shear key for sliding
Theory
: Coulomb
Wall type : Cantilever

SEISMIC ANALYSIS SETTINGS:

Seismic Analysis ON/OFF:OFF

Hor Accel.

(g) 0.02

Vert Accel.

(g) 0.01

Include LL's

VALUES OF PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS:

Active Pressure coefficient Ka :0.332
Passive Pressure coefficient Kp :5.136
Base frictional constant :0.510

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT SLS:

All forces/moments are per m
Description
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa
Triangular W-table press Pw
Hydrostatic pressure on bot
of base: uniform portion
Hydrostatic pressure on bot
of base: triangular portion
As a result of surcharge w

width
FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )
F Horizontal
Lever arm F Vertical
Lever arm
left (+)
down (+)
24.129
25.675

4.575

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp
-11.556
Weight of the wall + base
Weight of soil on the base
Hydrostatic pressure on top
of rear portion of base
Hydrostatic pressure on top
of front portion of base
Point load of 10.00 kN on wall
UDL of 5.0 kPa

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT SLS

All forces/moments are per m

width

0.977
0.933

1.465

8.782
0.000
0.000

2.150
2.150
1.125

0.000

1.500

1.665

2.150

34.562
10.872
2.502

1.659
1.217
2.200

0.000

0.950

2.833
0.500

2.025
2.200

0.167

2
2.0
1.35
1.5
50
0.5
0.9

Job Number

Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

Checked by

Date

1.Moment Equilibrium
Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.
For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:
Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
where l.a. = lever arm of each force.
Stabilizing moment Mr :
Destabilizing moment Mo :

84.83 kNm
31.77 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 2.670

2.Force Equilibrium at SLS
Sum of Vertical forces Pv
Frictional resistance Pfric
Passive Pressure on shear key
Passive pressure on base
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr

:
:
:
:
:

61.72
31.45
0.00
11.56
43.00

kN
kN
kN
kN
kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw :

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht :
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh :

54.38 kN
0.00 kN
54.38 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 0.791

*** SAFETY FACTOR IS LOWER THAN SPECIFIED MINIMUM OF

2.00 ***

FORCES ACTING ON THE WALL AT ULS:

All forces/moments are per m
Description
Destabilizing forces:
Total Active pressure Pa
Triangular W-table press Pw
Hydrostatic pressure on bot
of base: uniform portion
Hydrostatic pressure on bot
of base: triangular portion
As a result of surcharge w

width
FORCES (kN ) and their LEVER ARMS (m )
F Horizontal
Lever arm F Vertical
Lever arm
left (+)
down (+)
32.574
34.662

6.863

Stabilizing forces:
Passive pressure on base Pp
-10.400
Weight of the wall + base
Weight of soil on the base
Hydrostatic pressure on top
of rear portion of base
Hydrostatic pressure on top
of front portion of base
Point load of
9.00 kN on wall
UDL of 4.5 kPa

0.977
0.933

11.856
0.000
0.000

2.150
2.150
1.125

0.000

1.500

2.498

2.150

31.106
9.785
2.251

1.659
1.217
2.200

0.000

0.950

2.550
0.450

2.025
2.200

1.465
0.167

EQUILIBRIUM CALCULATIONS AT ULS

All forces/moments are per m

width

1.Moment Equilibrium
Point of rotation: bottom front corner of base.
For Overturning moment Mo calculate as follows:
Mo = Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) - Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)
For Stabilizing moment Mr calculate as follows:
Mr = -Sum(hor. forces x l.a.) + Sum(vert. forces x l.a.)

Job Number

Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

Checked by

Date

where l.a. = lever arm of each force.

Stabilizing moment Mr :
Destabilizing moment Mo :

76.35 kNm
43.36 kNm

Safety factor against overturning = Mr/Mo = 1.761

2.Force Equilibrium at ULS
Sum of Vertical forces Pv
Frictional resistance Pfric
Passive Pressure on shear key
Passive pressure on base
=> Total Horiz. resistance Fr

:
:
:
:
:

55.54
28.30
0.00
10.40
38.70

kN
kN
kN
kN
kN

Horizontal sliding force on wall Fhw :

Horizontal sliding force on shear key Fht :
=> Total Horizontal sliding force Fh :

74.10 kN
0.00 kN
74.10 kN

Safety factor against overall sliding = Fr/Fh = 0.522

*** SAFETY FACTOR (ULS) IS LOWER THAN 1.00 ***

SOIL PRESSURES UNDER BASE AT SLS
Maximum pressure : 46.83 kPa
Minimum pressure : 8.03 kPa
Maximum pressure occurs at left hand side of base

WALL MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO Eurocode 2 - 2004

Position from
base top (m )
0.00
0.07
0.13
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.39
0.46
0.52
0.59
0.66
0.72
0.79
0.85
0.92
0.98
1.05
1.12
1.18
1.25
1.31
1.38
1.44
1.51
1.57
1.64
1.71
1.77
1.84
1.90
1.97
2.03
2.10
2.16
2.23

Moment
(kNm )
55.47
51.77
48.16
44.66
41.31
38.13
35.12
32.27
29.58
27.05
24.66
22.42
20.32
18.35
16.51
14.81
13.22
11.75
10.40
9.15
8.01
6.96
6.02
5.16
4.39
3.69
3.08
2.54
2.06
1.65
1.30
1.00
0.75
0.55
0.39

Front Reinforcing Back Reinforcing Minimum

(mm/m )
(mm/m )
(mm/m )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

797.87
740.98
686.00
633.32
583.34
536.30
492.09
450.59
411.68
375.23
341.14
309.30
279.60
251.96
226.29
202.48
180.46
160.15
141.46
124.32
108.65
94.39
81.45
69.76
59.27
49.89
41.57
34.24
27.83
22.28
17.52
13.50
10.15
7.41
5.21

247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00

Job Number

Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

2.30
2.36
2.43
2.49
2.56
2.62
2.69
2.76
2.82
2.89
2.95
3.02
3.08
3.15
3.21
3.28

Client
Calcs by

0.26
0.16
0.09
0.05
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Checked by

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

3.49
2.20
1.27
0.64
0.25
0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Date

247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00

BASE MOMENTS (ULS) AND REINFORCEMENT TO Eurocode 2 - 2004

Position from
left (m )
0.00
0.04
0.09
0.13
0.17
0.22
0.26
0.30
0.35
0.39
0.43
0.48
0.52
0.56
0.61
0.65
0.69
0.74
0.78
0.82
0.87
0.91
0.95
1.00
1.04
1.08
1.12
1.17
1.21
1.25
1.30
1.34
1.38
1.43
1.47
1.51
1.56
1.60
1.64
1.69
1.73
1.77
1.82
1.86
1.90
1.95
1.99

Moment
(kNm )
0.00
-0.03
-0.13
-0.29
-0.52
-0.81
-1.17
-1.60
-2.09
-2.64
-3.26
-3.94
-4.69
-5.51
-6.39
-7.33
-8.34
-9.42
-10.56
-11.76
-13.04
-14.37
-15.77
-17.24
-18.77
-20.37
-22.03
-23.76
-25.55
-27.41
-29.33
-31.32
-33.37
-35.49
-37.67
-39.92
-42.24
-44.61
-47.06
-49.57
-52.14
-54.78
-57.49
-60.26
-63.09
-65.99
-68.66

Top Reinforcing
(mm/m )
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Bot Reinforcing
(mm/m )
0.00
0.44
1.75
3.95
7.02
10.97
15.80
21.52
28.12
35.61
43.99
53.27
63.45
74.53
86.52
99.43
113.25
128.01
143.70
160.33
177.90
196.44
215.94
236.42
257.88
280.34
303.81
328.30
353.83
380.40
408.03
436.74
466.54
497.46
529.50
562.69
597.05
632.61
669.37
707.38
746.65
787.21
829.09
872.33
916.96
0.00
0.00

Minimum
(mm/m )
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00

Job Number

Sheet

Job Title
Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

2.03
2.08
2.12
2.16
2.21
2.25

Client
Calcs by

1.17
0.72
0.40
0.18
0.04
0.00

Checked by

0.00
0.00
5.43
2.41
0.60
0.00

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Date

247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00
247.00

SHEAR CHECK AT WALL-BASE JUNCTION TO Eurocode 2 - 2004

Shear force at bottom of wall V = 66.6 kN
Shear stress at bottom of wall v = 0.35 MPa OK
Allowable shear stress vc = 0.47 MPa (based on Wall tensile reinf.)

Sketch of Wall

Design code: Eurocode 2 - 2004

10.00kN

0.60

0.12
0.25
5.00

20.00
0.25

0.50

2.80

3.53

0.00

1.90

0.25
0.10

8.0kPa
46.8kPa
Wall type: Cantilever
Theory: Coulomb

27.00

SFslip = 0.79
SFslip (ULS) = 0.52
SFovt = 2.67
SFovt (ULS) = 1.76

Ka=0.33
Kp=5.14
=0.51
V= 66.6kN
v= 0.35MPa
vc= 0.47MPa

Job Number

Sheet

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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com

Client
Calcs by

Checked by

Date

Wall Bending Moments

Moment max = 55.47kNm @ -.250m

Wall Moments
3.20
3.00
2.80
2.60
2.40
2.20

Height (m)

2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
.800
.600

50.0

40.0

30.0

10.0

.200

20.0

.400

Bending moment (kNm)

Base Bending Moments

Moment max = -68.66kNm @ 2.02m

.100
.200
.300
.400
.500
.600
.700
.800
.900
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.10
2.20

Base Moments

Bending moment (kNm)

-10.0
-20.0
-30.0
-40.0
-50.0
-60.0
-70.0
Position (m)