PHYSICS

Forces, Momenta, and Impulses

Problem Solving
1-2 A crate, which has a mass of m = 45.0 kg, is being pulled up a
frictionless inclined plane, at an angle of 35 by a rope.
1. What will be the magnitude of the normal force (FN) acting on the crate? (361
N)
2. What will be the magnitude of the tension force (FT) in the rope? (252.9 N)
3-6 A 600-kg go-cart is moving on a level road at 30 m/s.
3. What is the acceleration of the go-cart if it is to be stopped at 70 meters? (6.42 m/s2)
4. What is the force required to stop it at the same distance? (-3852 N)
5. What is the normal force? (5880 N)
6. What is the minimum friction coefficient between the tire and the road?
(0.65)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. A 70-kg box is slid along the floor by a horizontal 400-N force. Find the
acceleration of the box if the value of the coefficient of friction between the
box and the floor is 0.50 (0.81 M/S2)
8. 70-kg box is pulled by a rope with a 400-N force at an angle of 30 to the
horizontal. Find the acceleration of the box if the coefficient of friction is 0.50
(1.47M/S2)
9. A force of 400 N pushes on a 25-kg box at an angle of 50 . Starting from
rest, the box achieves a velocity of 2.0 m/s in a time of 4.0 s. Find the
coefficient of friction between the box and the floor. (0.440)
10.
A 20-kg box sits on an incline that makes an angle of 30 with the
horizontal. Find the acceleration of the box down the incline if the coefficient
of friction is 0.30 (2.35 m/s2)
11.12 Two blocks m1 (300 g) and m2 (500 g), are pushed by a force F. If the
coefficient of friction 0.40.
11.
What must be the value of F if the blocks are to have an acceleration of
200 cm/s2 (4.7 N)
12.
How large a force does m1 then exert on m2? (2.96 N)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13.
An object mA = 25 kg rests on a tabletop. A rope attached to it passes
over a light frictionless pulley and is attached to a mass mB = 15 kg. If the
coefficient of friction is 0.20 between the table and block A, how far will block
B drop in the first 3.0 s after the system is released? (11m)
14.
A freight train has a mass of 1.5 3 107 kg. If the locomotive can exert a
constant pull of 7.5 3 105 N, how long does it take to increase the speed of
the train from rest to 80 km/h? (7.4 mins)

15.
A 75-kg man standing on a scale in an elevator notes that as the
elevator rises, the scale reads 825 N. What is the acceleration of the
elevator? (1.2 m/s2)
16.17 As a fish jumps vertically out of the water, assume that only two significant
forces act on it: an upward force F exerted by the tail fin and the downward
force due to gravity. A record Chinook salmon has a length of 1.50 m and a
mass of 61.0 kg. If this fish is moving upward at 3.00 m/s as its head first
breaks the surface and has an upward speed of 6.00 m/s after two-thirds of its
length has left the surface, assume constant acceleration and determine:
16.
The salmons acceleration (13.5 m/s)
17.
The magnitude of the force F during this interval. (1420 N)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18.
A dockworker loading crates on a ship finds that a 20-kg crate, initially
at rest on a horizontal surface, requires a 75-N horizontal force to set it in
motion. However, after the crate is in motion, a horizontal force of 60 N is
required to keep it moving with a constant speed. Find the coefficients of
static and kinetic friction between crate and floor. (static 0.38; kinetic 0.31)
19.20 A 1 000-N crate is being pushed across a level floor at a constant
speed by a force F of 300 N at an angle of 20.0 below the horizontal.
19.
What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the
floor? (0.256)
20.
If the 300-N force is instead pulling the block at an angle of 20.0
above the horizontal what will be the acceleration of the crate? Assume that
the coefficient of friction is the same. (0.509m/s2)
21.
Consider a large truck carrying a heavy load, such as steel beams. A
significant hazard for the driver is that the load may slide forward, crushing
the cab, if the truck stops suddenly in an accident or even in braking.
Assume, for example, a 10 000-kg load sits on the flatbed of a 20 000-kg
truck moving at 12.0 m/s. Assume the load is not tied down to the truck and
has a coefficient of static friction of 0.500 with the truck bed. Calculate the
minimum stopping distance for which the load will not slide forward relative
to the truck. (14.7 m)
22.23 A crate of mass 45.0 kg is being transported on the flatbed of a
pickup truck. The coefficient of static friction between the crate and
the trucks flatbed is 0.350, and the coefficient of kinetic friction is
0.320.
22.
The truck accelerates forward on level ground. What is the maximum
acceleration the truck can have so that the crate does not slide relative to the
trucks flatbed? (3.43m/s2)
23.
The truck barely exceeds this acceleration and then moves with
constant acceleration, with the crate sliding along its bed. What is the
acceleration of the crate relative to the ground? (3.14 m/s2)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24.
Objects with masses m1 5 10.0 kg and m2 5 5.00 kg are connected by
a light string that passes over a frictionless pulley. If, when the system starts

from rest, m2 falls 1.00 m in 1.20 s, determine the coefficient of kinetic

friction between m1 and the table. (0.288)
25.
A boy coasts down a hill on a sled, reaching a level surface at the
bottom with a speed of 7.0 m/s. If the coefficient of friction between the
sleds runners and the snow is 0.050 and the boy and sled together weigh
600 N, how far does the sled travel on the level surface before coming to
rest? (50 m)
26.
A club hit a golf ball. The club was in contact with a ball, initially at
rest, for about 0.002 0 s. If the ball has a mass of 55 g and leaves the head of
the club with a speed of 2.0 3 102 ft/s, find the average force exerted on the
ball by the club. (1.7 kN)
27.
A pitcher claims he can throw a 0.145-kg baseball with as much
momentum as a 3.00-g bullet moving with a speed of 1.50 3 103 m/s. What
must the baseballs speed be if the pitchers claim is valid? (31 m/s)
28.
Drops of rain fall perpendicular to the roof of a parked car during a
rainstorm. The drops strike the roof with a speed of 12 m/s, and the mass of
rain per second striking the roof is 0.035 kg/s. Find the average force exerted
by the rain on the roof. (-4.2 N)
29.
High-speed stroboscopic photographs show that the head of a 200-g
golf club is traveling at 55 m/s just before it strikes a 46-g golf ball at rest on
a tee. After the collision, the club head travels (in the same direction) at 40
m/s. Find the speed of the golf ball just after impact. (65 m/s)
30.31 A rifle with a weight of 30 N fires a 5.0-g bullet with a speed of 300
m/s.
30.
Find the recoil speed of the rifle. (0.49 m/s)
31.
If a 700-N man holds the rifle firmly against his shoulder, find the recoil
speed of the man and rifle. (0.02 m/s)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32.
A man of mass m1= 70.0 kg is skating at v1= 8.00 m/s behind his wife
of mass m2= 50.0 kg, who is skating at v2= 4.00 m/s. Instead of passing her,
he inadvertently collides with her. He grabs her around the waist, and they
maintain their balance. Find their speed after collision. (6.33 m/s)
33.
An archer shoots an arrow toward a 300-g target that is sliding in her
direction at a speed of 2.50 m/s on a smooth, slippery surface. The 22.5-g
arrow is shot with a speed of 35.0 m/s and passes through the target, which
is stopped by the impact. What is the speed of the arrow after passing
through the target? (1.67 m/s)
34.
Gayle runs at a speed of 4.00 m/s and dives on a sled, initially at rest
on the top of a frictionless, snow- covered hill. After she has descended a
vertical distance of 5.00 m, her brother, who is initially at rest, hops on her
back, and they continue down the hill together. What is their speed at the
bottom of the hill if the total vertical drop is 15.0 m? Gayles mass is 50.0 kg,
the sled has a mass of 5.00 kg, and her brother has a mass of 30.0 kg. (15.6
m/s)
35.
75.0-kg ice skater moving at 10.0 m/s crashes into a stationary skater
of equal mass. After the collision, the two skaters move as a unit at 5.00 m/s.

Suppose the average force a skater can experience without breaking a bone
is 4 500 N. If the impact time is 0.100 s, does a bone break? (no, f is equal
to 3 750 N)
36.
A railroad car of mass 2.00 3 104 kg moving at 3.00 m/s collides and
couples with two coupled railroad cars, each of the same mass as the single
car and moving in the same direction at 1.20 m/s. Find the speed after
collision. (1.80 m/s)
37.
1 200-kg car traveling initially with a speed of 25.0 m/s in an easterly
direction crashes into the rear end of a 9 000-kg truck moving in the same
direction at 20.0 m/s. The velocity of the car right after the collision is 18.0
m/s to the east. What is the velocity of the truck right after the collision?
38.
A 0.30-kg puck, initially at rest on a frictionless horizontal surface, is
struck by a 0.20-kg puck that is initially moving along the x-axis with a
velocity of 2.0 m/s. After the collision, the 0.20-kg puck has a speed of 1.0
m/s at an angle of 53 to the positive x-axis. Determine the velocity of the
0.30-kg puck after the collision. (1.1 m/s 30 degrees)
39.
A 20.0-kg toboggan with 70.0-kg driver is sliding down a frictionless
chute directed 30.0 below the horizontal at 8.00 m/s when a 55.0-kg woman
drops from a tree limb straight down behind the driver. If she drops through a
vertical displacement of 2.00 m, what is the subsequent velocity of the
toboggan immediately after impact? (6.15 m/s)
40.
A car traveling due east strikes a car traveling due north at an
intersection, and the two move together as a unit. Let the eastward-moving
car have a mass of 1 300 kg and a speed of 30.0 km/h and the northwardmoving car a mass of 1 100 kg and a speed of 20.0 km/h. Find the velocity
after the collision. (18.7 km/h 29.4 degrees north of east)
True or False
41.
An object can move even when no force acts on it.
42.
If an object isnt moving, no external forces act on it.
43.
If a single force acts on an object, the object accelerates.
44.
If an object accelerates a force is acting on it.
45.
If an object isnt accelerating, no external force is acting on it.
46.
If the net force acting on an object is in the positive x-direction, the
object moves only in the positive x-direction.
47.
If a substance is denser than water, the Baume hydrometer would float
more, hence the distance between the surface and the base of the
hydrometer will increase.
48.
The Vernier caliper is more accurate than the micrometer.
49.
Phase is affected by heat transfer.
50.
The vector sum of all resultant forces is equal to the vector of all
equilibrant forces.

Answers to True or False

41.
True If the resultant force on an object is zero (either because no
forces are present or the vector sum of the forces present is zero), the object
can still move with constant velocity.
42.
False An object that remains at rest has zero acceleration. However,
any number of external forces could be acting on it, provided that the vector
sum of these forces is zero.
43.
True When a single force acts, the resultant force cannot be zero and
the object must accelerate.
44.
True When an object accelerates, a set containing one or more
forces with a non-zero resultant must be acting on it.
45.
False Many external forces could be acting on an object with zero
acceleration, provided that the vector sum of these forces is zero.
46.
False If the net force is in the positive x-direction, the acceleration
will be in the positive x-direction. However, the velocity of an object does not
have to be in the same direction as its acceleration (consider the motion of a
projectile).