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Nama : Hamza Agung Sedayu

NPM : 1506810364
Summary
1. Political Relationships, global financing, and corporate transparency : Evidence from
Indonesia (Christian Leuz and Felix Oberholzer-Gee).
Christian Leuz and Felix Oberholzer-Gee had a hypothesis that political connections
is one of companies financing strategies and make a good impact in their long-run
performance but in the other hand, benefit of global financing will reduce because of
companies with strong political connections are less likely to have publicly traded
foreign securities.
Christian Leuz and Felix Oberholzer-Gee believed that foreign capital has become
an increasingly important source of finance for firms in emerging markets, but yet there
are so many companies that still using domestic financing from political connections.
The writers were using Indonesian data as their research since Indonesias crony
capitalism under former President Suharto provides a particularly suitable setting for
examining the role of connections for firms foreign financing choices. There is ample
evidence that political connections were particularly valuable under the Suharto regime
and often involved access to finance.
The result to their finding are First, well-connected firms have access to preferential
financing at home and therefore do not need to access foreign capital markets. Second,
firms with political ties dislike the transparency and scrutiny that come with publicly
traded securities. Third, foreign securities make it more difficult for insiders to extract
private control benefits.
This concludes that while there are so other matters that would affecting companies
long-run performance, the result shows that having a political connections does showing
impact on how companies treating global financing as their strategies and their
transparencies.
2. Accounting, Budgeting and Control Systems in Their Organizational Context:
Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives (Eric G. Flamholtz).
Eric G. Flamholtz examined the relationship between accounting, budgeting and
control in its actual organizational context, both theoretical and empirical perspective.
The writer have a theory that the process of exercising control in an organization is
significantly more complex than conventional managerial accounting theory suggests.
The writer also have a theory that budgeting and accounting system must be viewed as
part of a carefully designed total system of organizational control. If the linkages
between budgeting or and accounting measurement system and the other essential
prerequisites of a control system are not adequeate, then the system may not fulfill its
intended functions.
Eric tested these theories by examined the context of the control systems by
performing study of accounting and budgetary systems in companies organizational
environment and observe the crucial role not only the formal core control system but also
of and organizations culture as a mechanism of control.
The result indicated the need for a different orientation of the role that accounting
and budgeting play in the control process as well as a broader concept of control itself.

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