3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

2/22/2016
3GPPLongTermEvolution(LTE):DefaultBearer,DedicatedBearer...Whatexactlyisbearer?
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

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3GPPreleasessummary
DefaultBearer,DedicatedBearer...Whatexactlyisbearer?
WhiletryingtogetabetterunderstandingofVoLTEandIMS,IcameacrossbearersstuffwhichIthoughtmightbeusefultoshare
withyouguys.Beforewetalkaboutwhatdefaultanddedicatedbeareris,let'sunderstandwhatbeareritselfis:
Bearerisjustavirtualconcept.ItdefineshowtheUEdataistreatedwhenittravelsacrossthenetwork.Networkmighttreatsome
datainaspecialwayandtreatothersnormally.Someflowofdatamightbeprovidedguaranteedbitratewhileothermayfacelow
transfer.Inshort,bearerisasetofnetworkparameterthatdefinesdataspecifictreatmente.g.PersonAwillalwaysgetat
least256KbpsdownloadspeedonhisLTEphonewhileforpersonBthereisnoguaranteedbitrateandmightfaceextremelybad
downloadspeedattimes
NowletmetalkbrieflyaboutDedicatedandDefaultbeareronebyone.
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DefaultBearerinLTE
WhenLTEUEattachestothenetworkforthefirsttime,itwillbeassigneddefaultbearerwhichremainsaslongasUEisattached.
Defaultbearerisbesteffortservice.EachdefaultbearercomeswithanIPaddress.UEcanhaveadditionaldefaultbearersaswell.
EachdefaultbearerwillhaveaseparateIPaddress.QCI5to9(NonGBR)canbeassignedtodefaultbearer.
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DedicatedBearer
Toputitsimple,dedicatedbearersprovidesdedicatedtunneltooneormorespecifictraffic(i.e.VoIP,videoetc).Dedicatedbearer
actsasanadditionalbearerontopofdefaultbearer.ItdoesnotrequireseparateIPaddressduetothefactthatonlyadditional
defaultbearerneedsanIPaddressandthereforededicatedbearerisalwayslinkedtooneofthedefaultbearerestablished
previously.DedicatedbearercanbeGBRornonGBR(whereasdefaultbearercanonlybenonGBR).ForserviceslikeVoLTEwe
needtoprovidebetteruserexperienceandthisiswhereDedicatedbearerwouldcomehandy.DedicatedbearerusesTrafficflow
templates(TFT)togivespecialtreatmenttospecificservices
Example
UsuallyLTEnetworkswithVoLTEimplementationshastwodefaultandonededicatedbearer
Pageviewslastmonth
Defaultbearer1:Usedforsignalingmessages(sipsignaling)relatedtoIMSnetwork.Itusesqci5
Dedicatedbearer:UsedforVoLTEVoIPtraffic.Itusesqci1andislinkedtodefaultbearer1
Defaultbearer2:Usedforallothersmartphonetraffic(video,chat,email,browseretc)
Whydontweusededicatedbearerforimssignalingaswell?
http://4glteworld.blogspot.kr/2012/05/defaultbearerdedicatedbearerwhat.html
1/8
2/22/2016
40,963
IMSnetworkisseparatenetworkfromnormalinternet.AnditcomeswithitsownAPN.Thereforeweneedseparatedefaultbearerfor
IMSnetwork.ThisalsohelpsinseparatingIMStrafficfromnormalinternettrafficaswell
Howitisdecidedtosendvoiptraffic(forexample)ondedicatedbearer?
BothUEandeNBhasTFTwhichhasrulesforcertainservices.Forexample,incaseofVoLTEvoiptraffic,therulearedefinedonthe
basisofprotocolnumber,destinationnetworkipnetworketc
LiveTrafficFeed
LiveTrafficFeed
AvisitorfromTbilisi,
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AvisitorfromNaperville,
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AvisitorfromMunich,
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DedicatedBearer...What
exactlyisbearer?"2hrs
AvisitorfromLondon,
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RealtimeviewGetFeedjit
Howisdedicatedbearerlinkedtodefaultbearer?
Thevalueof"LinkedEPSbeareridentity"definedinsetupinfoofdedicatedbearerisusedtolinkdedicatedbearertodefaultbearer
PleasealsovisitQualityofService(QoS)inLTEtogetmorebetterunderstandingonbearersandQoS
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48comments:
ManuMamm October10,2012at4:09AM
Thiscommenthasbeenremovedbyablogadministrator.
Reply
Replies
AdnanBasir
October15,2012at12:26AM
Hi ManuMamm, Thanks for your comments. I understand what you mean but actually its upto how you define
Qualityofservice.Iwilltrytomodifysothereisnoconfusionthen
Reply
WaitingForSilentDeath October30,2012at4:56AM
BlogArchive
2016(2)
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Replies
2014(1)
AdnanBasir
2013(5)
2012(20)
December
(1)
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(1)
October(4)
July(1)
October30,2012at8:49PM
Hi,
Itsnotpossible.SincebearersareassociatedwithTrafficflowtemplates(TFT).TFTisapacketfilteranditdecides
whichpacketsshouldbesentonparticularbearer.ForVoIPtraffic,allpacketswillfollowsamesource/destination
ipaddressesorportnumbers,sotheycanbesentononlysinglebearer
Br,
Adnan
Reply
June(7)
May(6)
Automatic
Neighbor
Relation
(ANR)in
LTE
Default
Bearer,
Dedicate
d
Bearer...
What
exactly
i...
SteveBenn January26,2013at4:15AM
Aspermyunderstandingwecanhavetotally11bearersandoutofwhichonly3Defaultbearersw.r.tto24.301TS
Reply
Replies
manaspadegaonkar November11,2013at1:09AM
We can have a maximum of 11 Bearers or a combination of Default & Dedicated bearer where total number of
bearersshouldnotexceed11.
Reply
TTI
Bundling
Voice
solutions
inLTE
Battery
consump
tion
NiranjanVarma March22,2013at1:31AM
Howisradiobearermappedtodefault/dedicatedbearer?
willtherebeaseparateradiobearerforeachdefault/dedicatedbearer?
Reply
2/8
2/22/2016
issues
and
Connecte
dMode
DRX...
Signaling
loadin
LTEas
compare
dto3G
networks
Replies
AdnanBasir
March23,2013at8:25PM
Yes there will be separate radio bearer for each default / dedicated bearer. DRBs are mapped via LCID (Logical
channelid)atMAClayer.EachLCIDdefinesaradiotunneltoprovideQoStouseratradiolevel.
Reply
NiranjanVarma March22,2013at1:36AM
IftherearemultiplePDNconnections,willtherebemultipleRadiobearerswithonetoonemapping?
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Replies
AdnanBasir
March23,2013at8:28PM
Multiple PDN connections means multiple default bearers. Multiple default bearers means multiple radio bearers.
Socorrect,thereisseparateradiotunnelidentifiedbyLCIDvalueforeachdefaultbearer
NiranjanVarma March24,2013at11:04PM
ThankYouVerymuch:)
Unknown October20,2015at2:33PM
Doesitmeanthesameradiochannelisdividedintomultiplelogicalchannels?
Reply
vikas April24,2013at1:42AM
What will be the difference if operator decides to use dedicated bearer with QCI5 for SIP signalling or default bearer with
QCI5.WhyisitthatdefaultbearerisalwaysprefferedforSIPsignalling?Istrafficseparationistheonlyreason,Imeanwhy
cantweusededicatedGBRbearerbearerforthismoreoften?
Reply
Replies
AdnanBasir
April25,2013at12:59AM
Well separate default bearer is preferred for SIP signalling because in addition to separating IMS traffic we also
wanttogiveSIPsignallingpriorityoverothertrafficandyouknowQCI5hasthehighestprioritychecktheQCItable
herehttp://4glteworld.blogspot.jp/2013/01/qualityofserviceqosinlte.htmlHopefullyyougetmoreidea
Reply
SagarPaliwal April25,2013at1:34AM
Hi,wecanusededicatedbearerwithQCI5forSIPsignallingisuppose,incasewehavesameAPNforIMSaswellasfor
internettraffic.Whatyousuggest
Reply
AdnanBasir
April25,2013at1:41AM
HiSagar,
Yesinthatcaseyoucanuse,thereisnorestrictionbutagainthatwouldn'tbethestandardway
Reply
RusdiantoMahmud May3,2013at3:51PM
Reply
xaris May30,2013at10:12AM
Hi,
3/8
2/22/2016
Since there are up to 9 qci standardized values that a bearer can have, and 10255 are qci values that an operator can
define,howandatwhichpoint/networkelementwillthebearerhaveqciwithsuchoperatordefinedvalues?
Reply
Replies
AdnanBasir
July9,2013at6:09AM
Hi,
Ithinktherangeisfrom128254
OperatorspecificQCIwillBEappliedonradiobearer,s1bearerands5/s8bearer
LoicGaraix August7,2013at4:02PM
WheredoyoufindthereferenceinformationforOperatorSpecificQCIinthe3GPPdocumentation?
regards
Reply
ImranBaig June22,2013at4:38AM
Verygoodexplanation!!ThanksBasir
Reply
arashasadi July8,2013at3:20AM
Reply
Arash July8,2013at3:22AM
Hello,
Can you tell me how does the UE know whether it is scheduled on the dedicated bearer or the defaults one? Is there any
indicationofitinDCI?FrommyundertandingitcannotbetheTFTbecausethereisoneTFTsforeachdedicatedbearer.
Reply
Replies
AdnanBasir
July9,2013at5:48AM
Letsconsideroneexample.
ThereissomeUplinkdatainUEbufferrelatedtoVoIP(VoLTErtptraffic).Sonowassumingthededicatedbearer
(DRB)isalreadyestablishedpreviouslyandthereisTFTdefinedinUE.SoUEcheckstheipdataandfindsthatthis
datashouldflowononespecificDRBdefined.DRBmappingatMAClayerisdonethroughLCIDtoprovideunique
QoStospecificbearer
Sorryifitisstillnotclear..
AdnanBasir
July9,2013at6:06AM
SonowitsmaclayerresponsibilityhowtoschedulethistoobtainrequiredQoS
Reply
Mathew July28,2013at1:39PM
hiAdnan
couldyoutellmeinwhich3GPPTSIcanfindthesourceofthisinformationabouttheVoLTEhavetohave2defaultandone
dedicatedbearerplease
Reply
Replies
AdnanBasir
September13,2013at3:18PM
Sorryforlatereply
http://www.gsma.com/newsroom/wpcontent/uploads/2013/04/IR.92v7.0.pdf
Reply
4/8
2/22/2016
Tauqeer August25,2013at5:21AM
WhatisthevalueofGBRincaseofdedicatebearer?
Reply
Replies
NicolasEncinaCuellar September11,2013at11:16AM
TheGBRorMBRcanbeconfiguredonthePCRFperPCCRule.YoucanrefertoTS29.212.
Reply
AshwaniAgarwal November15,2013at1:42AM
Establishment of dedicated bearer or the default bearer is the reservation of some capacity in the core and the radio
network??
ifitisthereservationofthecapacitythenhowmuchitisfordefaultbearer?
anddon'tyouthinkthedefaultbeareristhewastageofthecapacity?
pleasereplyme..Thanksinadvance
Regards
Ashwani
Reply
Replies
AdnanBasir
November25,2013at11:42AM
Hi,itsquitehardtoexplaindefaultbearerintermsofhowmuchresourcesitwillutilize..
I think its important to have one default bearer available to UE all the time since our smartphones are always
connectedandtheysend/receivelotofdatainthebackground..
Reply
AshwaniAgarwal November15,2013at1:50AM
If we look at the QCI table then for QCI 8 and QCI 9 packet delay and packet loss is same, then what is the difference
betweenthem?
Reply
Replies
AdnanBasir
QCI8hashigherprioritythanQCI9
Reply
Happy78 November18,2013at5:39AM
isthereanyrelationshipb/wdedicatedbearerandsecondaryPDP?
Reply
Replies
AdnanBasir
IamnotsureifthereisanyrelationshipduringPShandoverscenario..willtrytocheckit..
Reply
krishantripathi February20,2014at6:57AM
Reply
krishantripathi February20,2014at6:58AM
Aswayofcomparison,theLTEAttach/DefaultEPSBearerwillbeequivalenttotheUMTSAttachandthendoingaPrimary
5/8
2/22/2016
PDPContextestablishmentprocedure.TheSecondaryPDPContextActivationissimilartotheDedicatedEPSBearerSetup
procedure.So,thereisavariationofathemehere,butnotasignificantdifference.
Reply
Replies
AdnanBasir
April15,2014at4:31PM
ThanksKrishan
Reply
JatinValecha May31,2014at1:10AM
HiAdnan,
PleasesendmesomelinkwhereIcanhaveunderstandingofEPSattach,defaultanddedicatedbearer.
Reply
DjordjeHirsch July30,2014at4:12AM
Reply
DjHi July30,2014at4:16AM
HiAdnan,
GreatBlog!
I'm interested what is the trigger for Dedicated Bearer activation? Lets say we have UE, which is attached, and it has a
DefaultBearer.NowwestartusingVoIPapplication,andwehavetwoadditionaltraffictypes,thefirstSIPsignalling,andthe
second RTP voice. Will the UE recognize QoS requirements from VoIP application, map them to QCI and send request to
MME/SGW/PGWfornewbearers,orcorenetworkwillrecognizenewtypeoftraffic,andsendrequesttoUE?
InwhichcaseUEcaninitiatebearermodification?
Thankyouinadvance!
Reply
zeynab August2,2014at7:28AM
HiAdnan
Is it possible to have 2 default bearers towards the same PDN( PGW)? One for say IMS signalling and the other for other
signallingsthatrequiredifferentQCI.
Thanks
Reply
RajeshSingh June19,2015at12:41AM
Hi,
As evident,if i understood correctly, an user(UE) can have maximum of 11 Bearers(default+dedicated) and Each default
bearerwillhaveaseparateIPaddress.Itwouldbegreatifanyonecanclarifywithsomerealtimeexample.
Iambitconfusedhere,doestheabovefactsmeansanusercanaccessonly11websitesatatime.(obviousluwhichshould
notbethere).
ThanksinAdvance.
Regards,
Rajesh
Reply
VipinChaudhary August21,2015at2:24AM
Verygoodpointswithexemples..
thanks,
Vipin
Reply
6/8
2/22/2016
RajibSamui September24,2015at7:08PM
HI...newtothisgroup...cananytellthatifIneedtohaveonly3dedicatedbearersperUE,4thdedicatedbearerwillnot
happen,wherewillIsetthispolicy/ruleforUEs
Reply
DhananjayDubey November14,2015at8:22AM
supposeIhave3APNs(MMS,Internet,VOLTE)configuredinphone,Sotherewillbe3PDNsandhence3defaultbearers?
Isthatcorrectno.ofPDNsconfiguredaresameasno.ofdefaultbearers?
Reply
TelecomCmoi November20,2015at2:07AM
Hi
HowMMSwotkin4G?
aspermyunderstanding,
IntheHSSyouhavethedefaultAPNforlet'ssayInternet,youhaveaswelldefinedtheMMSAPN.
WhenyouareattachedtotheLTE,youwillbeprovidedtheAPNInternet,soyouwillhaveadefaultbearerlinkedtotheAPN
Internet.
ThenIfyouwanttodoMMS,YouwillhavetogothroughtheAPNInternet((Ithink)becauseitisnotpossibletouseMMS
APN,unlessyourMMSAPNisdefinedasdefaultsomewhereelseinanotherHSS,inanotherdomain(likeIMS)butIdon't
thinkitisthecase.
Youcanonlyhaveonedefaultbearer,becauseyouarenotabletohavetodefaultbeareratthesametime,unlessusingan
othernetworksoaanotherHSSforexampletheoneinIMSnetworkforVoLTE
AnothercaseisthatyoucanImaginethatthedefaultAPNInternetintheHSSisreplacedbytheAPNMMSwhentheservice
MSSisasked,butthisactionsupposedtodetachedfromLTEanreattachwiththisAPNMMS,sonotsureitiswhatwehave
In 2G/3G it is different, because once you are attached, you are not supposed to have APN connexion, so you have the
choice.aslongastheseAPNsaredefinedinHLR.
In4GyouareblockedwiththedefaultdefineintheHSSwhichisnormallynottheMMSone,
soHowMMSisworkingin4G?
Reply
SumitSharma December15,2015at11:24AM
WhatwillhappentoQCIvaluesincasetrafficfromLTEisoffloadedtoWifi?
Reply
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) - Default Bearer, Dedicated Bearer..

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