Cartesian

Vector
A = Axax + Ayay + Azaz
where:
Acomponent = Vector Component
acomponent = Unit Vector
Magnitude
Unit: Units
| A|= A 2x + A2y + A 2z

=tan

B - A = (x2- x1)ax + (y2- y1)ay + (z2- z1)az

AB = B - A
(Just multiply the components by -1 if
the directions is reverse.)
- Coordinates are just points. (Inside
the parenthesis).

Angle
1

Beatrice Amistoso Abesamis

A = x1ax + y1ay + z1az
B = x2ax + y2ay + z2az

Midpoint Formula
( x +x )
A x= 1 2
2

y
x

()

Unit Vector
Unit: In terms of ax, ay, and az
A=| A|a A

Dot/Scalar Product
Unit of A B: Units
A B=| A||B| cos AB

A
A
aA=

where is angle in between A and B

a A 1

unit

Addition
Unit: In terms of ax, ay, and az
A+B=B+A
A + (B+C) = (A+B) + C
k (A+B) = kA + KB
A+B=C
Subtraction
Unit: In terms of ax, ay, and az
A - B = A + (-B) = C
Position Vector (Radius Vector)
Unit: In terms of ax, ay, and az

A B= A x B x + A y B y + A z B z
- Multiply the same terms.
- Add x, y, and z.
- If A B is negative, just get the
absolute value and find the angle.
Then, 180-.
- a x ax = a y ay = a z az = 1
- ax ay = a x az = a y az = 0
(In short, if they are the same, the
value is 1. If not, 0.)
Note:
- Commutative and Distributive
-
If 90 - Perpendicular
If 0 or 180 - Parallel
- A A = A2 = |A|2
Scalar Projection
Unit: Units

(O is origin. Just plug in the given

points. Tadaa!)
Distance Vector (Separation Vector;
Two-Point Formula)

B
A B
ProjB A=A a B=
(Projection of A on B)

(Scalar component of A in the

direction of B)
Vector Projection
Unit: In terms of ax, ay, and az

Beatrice Amistoso Abesamis

- az x ax = a y
- ay x ax = -az
- az x ay = -ax
- ax x az = -ay

B 2 B
ProjB A=A B= A aB a B=

AB

(Projection of A on B in the direction

of B)
(Component of A along B)
(Vector component of A in the
direction of B)
(Vector component of A that is parallel
to B)
Cross/Vector Product
Unit of A x B: In terms of ax, ay, and az

- Angles of dot product and cross

product have the same value.

A x B=an| A||B|sin AB
A x B| A||B| sin AB

Area of Rectangle
Unit: Units

A = Axax + Ayay + Azaz

B = Bxax + Byay + Bzaz

AxB=

Cyclic Permutation
(In short, if they are the same, the
value is 0. If the two consecutive unit
vectors are multiplies, their cross
product is the remaining consecutive
unit vector. If the two unit vector
reverses position, the value is
negative. )

ax
Ax
Bx

a y az
A y Az
By Bz

- Given points A, B, and C, the vector

perpendicular to A and B/Given points
O, A, B, and C, the vector
perpendicular (outward) to the face
ABC:
A xB
- sin = 0 (Used to prove points lie on
a straight line)
-AxA=0
- A x B B x A (Not Commutative)
A x B = -B x A
- A x (B + C) = A x B + A x C
(Distributive)
- a x x ax = a y x ay = a z x az = 0
- a x x ay = a z
- ay x az = a x

Given points A, B, and C~

Get AB and BC.
Cross product~
Get the magnitude.

Area of Triangle
Unit: Units
- Divide the area of rectangle by 2.
Perimeter of Triangle
Unit: Units
- Given points A, B, and C:
| AB|+|BC|+ AC
Interior Angle
- Given points A, B, and C:
At A:
AB AC =| AB|| AC| cos
At B:

Beatrice Amistoso Abesamis

BA BC =|BA||BC|cos
At C:
CA CB=|CA||CB| cos
Scalar Triple Product
Unit: Units

Ax A y Az
A B x C= B x B y B z
C x C y Cz

(The absolute value of this is the

volume of parallelepiped with edges
A, B, C.)
- Base of parallelepiped is |B x C|
-ABxC=AxBC
(Do the Cross Product first.)
- A (B x C) = B (C x A) = C (A x B)
Others
- Relationship which the Cartesian
components of A and B must satisfy if
the vectors fields are parallel
everywhere:
Ax A y Az
= =
B x B y Bz
- Vector Triple Product
(A x B) x C = B(A C) - C (A B)
(A x B) x C A x (B x C)
- Vector component of A that is
perpendicular to B:
A pB= A AB
- Three Cartesian parallel to y-axis,
make x=0 when being added.
- (A B)2 + (A x B)2 = (AB)2

Cylindrical - Cartesian
Vector
A = Aa + Aa + Azaz
x=cos
y=sin

z=z
= x 2 + y 2
=tan1

( xy )

Cartesi
an
Cylindr
ical
ax

az

cos

- sin

ay

sin

cos

az

Acart a = i axa + j aya

= i cos + j sin
= a's constant = A
Acart a = i axa + j aya
= -i sin + j cos
= a's constant = A
Acart az = k = Az
Acyl = Aa + Aa + Azaz

Beatrice Amistoso Abesamis

Acyl ax = i apax + j aax
= ax's constant = Ax
Acyl ay = i apay + j aay
= ay's constant = Ay
Acyl az = k = Az
Acart = Axax + Ayay + Azaz

Spherical - Cartesian
Vector
A = Arar + Aa + Aa
x=rsincos
y=rsinsin

Volume
z2 2 2

z=

Volume= dd dz

rcos

z1 1 1

r= x 2 + y 2+ z2
Angle must be in RADIANS.

r0
1

=cos

Surface Area
2

=tan

z2 2

z2 2

z2 2

x2+ y2
z

d d + 1 d dz + 2 d dz +2 d dz
1

z1 1

z1 1

z
2

x + y +z

0 180

z1 1

=tan

Surface Area=2

y
x

()

Length of Twelve Edges

Length=4 +4 z+2

x 2 x 1 +
x 2 x 2
360
360

Distance Formula

Notes to Remember:
- Use the terminal point's angle if it's
toward something.

sin =

cos =

z
r

sin =

cos =

Cartesi
an
Spheri
cal
ax
ay
az
Volume

ar

sincos

sinsin

coscos

cossin

sin

cos

-sin

cos
0

Beatrice Amistoso Abesamis

z
cos = 2 2
+z

2 2 r 2
2

Volume= r sin dr d d
1 1 r 1

Angle must be in RADIANS.

Surface Area
2

r2 2
2
1

2 r 2

2
2

( r + r ) sin d d+ r ( sin 1 +sin 2 ) dr d +2 r dr d

1

r1 1

1 r 1

Surface Area=
1

Length of Twelve Edges

r
( r 2 sin 2+ r 2 sin 1 +r 1 sin 2 +r 1 sin 1) d
2

( 2+r 1 )d+
1

r2

Length=4 dr +2
r1

Cylindrical - Spherical
Cylindri
cal
Spheric
al
a

ar

sin

cos

az

cos

-sin

r= 2 + z 2
=tan 1
sin =

( z )

+ z2
2

Beatrice Amistoso Abesamis

Vector Calculus
Differential Length
dl=d a + d a + dz a z
dL=dr ar +rd a +rsind a
Differential Area
dS=dy dz a x , dx dz a y , dx dy az
dS= d dz a , d dz a , d d a z
2

dS=r sin d d a r ,r sin dr d a , r dr d a

Differential Volume
dV =dx dy dz
dS= d d dz

dS=r 2 sin dr d d
Del Operator

=
a x+
a y + a z
x
y
z
=

a +
a + az

1
1
a r +
a +
a
r
r
rsin

Gradient of a Scalar
Unit: In terms of ax, ay, and az
V
V
V
V =
a +
a +
a
x x y y z z
V =

V
1 V
V
a+
a +
a

z z

V =

V
1 V
1 V
ar +
a +
a
r
r
rsin

Divergence
Ax + A y + A z
A=
x y z
1 ( A )+ 1 A + A z
A=

z

1 A
1 (r 2 A r)+ 1
A=
( A sin)+
2
rsin
rsin
r r
Divergence Theorem

A dS= A dV
Curl
Unit: In terms of ax, ay, and az

] [

] [

Az A y
Ax Az
A y Ax

x A=

ax +

a y +

a
y
z
z
x
x
y z

A
( ) A

A Az
1 Az A
1

x A=

a+

a +

z
z

] [

rA
( ) A r

(
A
sin
)

A
1
1 1 Ar ( r A )
1

x A=
ar +

a +
rsin

r sin
r
r

] [

Laplacian of a Scalar
2

V=

2 V 2 V 2 V
+
+
x2 y2 z2
2

1
V
1 V V

+ 2
+
2 z2

( )
1
V
1

V
1
V
V=
r
+
sin
+
(
)
(
)
r r sin
r sin
r r
2 V =
2