Calculus

Unit 1

Conic Sections

Conic Sections - Circles

Circles with Center at
Origin:

Circles with Center at

(h,k):

Equation:

Equation:

x 2+ y 2 =r 2

( xh )2 + ( yk )2=r 2

Where:
The center is at (0, 0).
The number r is the radius of
the circle.

Where:
The point (h, k) is the center of
the circle.
The number r is the radius of the
circle.

Features of a circle equation:

The coefficients of the

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Both the x and y terms are squared.

Both the

x 2 and
and

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y 2 terms are the same.

terms are positive.

Calculus

Unit 1

Conic Sections

Conic Sections - Ellipses

Ellipse with Center at
Origin and Major Axis
Along x-axis.

Ellipse with Center at

(h,k) and Major Axis
Along x-axis:

Equation:

Equation:

x2 y2
+ =1
a2 b2

( xh )2 ( yk )2
+
=1
a2
b2

Where:
Foci = (-c, 0) and (c, 0)
o

and

c =a b

Where:
Foci = (h - c, k) and (h + c, k)

Vertices = (-a, 0) and (a, 0)

Co-Vertices = (0, -b) and (0, b)
Length of Major Axis = 2a
Length of Minor Axis = 2b

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and

c =a b

Vertices = (h - a, k) and (h + a, k)
Co-Vertices = (h, k - b) and (h, k
+ b)
Length of Major Axis = 2a
Length of Minor Axis = 2b

Calculus

Unit 1

Conic Sections

Features of an ellipse equation:

Both the x and y terms are squared.

The coefficients of the

Both the

x 2 and
and

y 2 terms are not the same.

terms are positive.

Conic Sections - Ellipses

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Calculus

Unit 1

Conic Sections

Ellipse with Center at

Origin and Major Axis
Along y-axis.

Ellipse with Center at

(h,k) and Major Axis
Along y-axis.

Equation:

Equation:

x2 y2
+ 2 =1
2
b a

( xh )2 ( yk )2
+
=1
b2
a2

Where:
Foci = (0, -c) and (0, c)
o

and

c =a b

Where:
Foci = (h, k - c) and (h, k + c)

Vertices = (0, -a) and (0, a)

Co-Vertices = (-b, 0) and (b, 0)
Length of Major Axis = 2a
Length of Minor Axis = 2b

and

c =a b

Vertices = (h, k - a) and (h, k

+ a)
Co-Vertices = (h - b, k) and (h
+ b, k)
Length of Major Axis = 2a
Length of Minor Axis = 2b

Features of an ellipse equation:

The coefficients of the

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Both the x and y terms are squared.

Both the

x 2 and

x 2 and

y2

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y 2 terms are not the same.

terms are positive.

Calculus

Unit 1

Conic Sections

Conic Sections - Hyperbolas

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Calculus

Unit 1

Hyperbolas with the

Center at Origin and
Transverse Axis Along
x-axis.

Hyperbolas with the

Center at (h,k) and
Transverse Axis Along xaxis:
Equation:

Equation:
2

( xh )2 ( y k )2

=1
a2
b2

x
y
2 =1
2
a b

Where:
Foci = (h - c, k) and (h + c, k)

Where:
Foci = (-c, 0) and (c, 0)
o

Conic Sections

and

c =a + b

Vertices = (-a, 0) and (a, 0)

Central Box Height = (0, -b)
to (0, b)
Central Box Width = (-a, 0) to
(a, 0)
Length of Transverse Axis =
2a
Orientation of Transverse
Axis = Horizontal
Length of Conjugate Axis =
2b
Orientation of Conjugate
Axis = Vertical
Asymptotes:
o
o

( ba ) x
b
y 2=( ) x
a
y 1=

and

c 2=a 2+ b2

Vertices = = (h - a, k) and (h + a,
k)
Central Box Height = (h, k b)
to (h, k + b)
Central Box Width = (h - a, k) to
(h + a, k)
Length of Transverse Axis = 2a
Orientation of Transverse Axis
= Horizontal
Length of Conjugate Axis = 2b
Orientation of Conjugate Axis
= Vertical
Asymptotes:
o
o

( ba ) x
b
y 2=( )
a
y 1=

Features of a
transverse xaxis hyperbola
equation:

Both the x and

y terms are
squared.
The
coefficients of

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Calculus

Unit 1

the

y2

Conic Sections

x 2 and
terms

are not the

same.

The

x 2 and

y 2 terms are

subtracted.
b>a

a2

is under

y2

is under

x2

Conic Sections - Hyperbolas

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Calculus

Unit 1

Hyperbolas with the

Center at Origin and
Transverse Axis Along
y-axis.

( y k )2 ( xh )2

=1
a2
b2

y
x
2 =1
2
a b
Where:
Foci = (0, -c) and (0, c)
o

Hyperbolas with the

Center at (h,k) and
Transverse Axis Along yaxis:
Equation:

Equation:
2

Conic Sections

and

c 2=a 2+ b2

Vertices = (0, -a) and (0, a)

Central Box Height = (0, -a)
to (0, a)
Central Box Width = (-b, 0)
to (b, 0)
Length of Transverse Axis =
2a
Orientation of Transverse
Axis = Vertical
Length of Conjugate Axis =
2b
Orientation of Conjugate
Axis = Horizontal
Asymptotes:
o
o

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Where:
Foci = (h - c, k) and (h + c, k)
o

a
y 1=
x
b

()
a
y 2=( ) x
b

c =a + b

Vertices = = (h - a, k) and (h + a,
k)
Central Box Height = (h, k a)
and (h, k + a)
Central Box Width = (h, k b) to
(h, k +b)
Length of Transverse Axis = 2a
Orientation of Transverse Axis
= Horizontal
Length of Conjugate Axis = 2b
Orientation of Conjugate Axis
= Vertical
Asymptotes:
o
o

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and

( ab ) x
a
y 2=( )
b
y 1=

Calculus

Unit 1

Conic Sections

Features of a
transverse y-axis
hyperbola
equation:

Both the x and y

terms are squared.
The coefficients of
the

x 2 and

y2

terms are not the

same.

The

y 2 is

positive and the

x 2 term is

negative.
(subtracted)
b>a

a2

is under

y2

b2

is under

x2

Conic Sections - Parabolas

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Calculus

Unit 1

Conic Sections

Parabolas with the

Center at the Origin
and Symmetric Around
the y-axis:

Parabolas with the

Center at (h,k) and
Symmetric Around the
y-axis:

Equation:

Equation:

x =Ay

( xh )2= A ( yk)

Where:
Vertex = (0, 0)
Focus = At point (0, P), inside
the parabola.
o

Where,

4 P= A

Where:
Vertex = (h, k)
Focus = A distance of P from (h,
k), inside the parabola.
o

Directrix = The line y = P,

outside the parabola.

Where,

4 P= A

Directrix = The line y = k P,

outside the parabola.

Features of a Parabola
Equation with Symmetry
Around the y-axis:

x is squared and y is not

squared.

If

is positive, then the

parabola opens up.

If

parabola opens down.

The graph is a function.

is negative, then the

Conic Sections - Parabolas

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Calculus

Unit 1

Conic Sections

Parabolas with their

Center at the Origin
and Symmetric Around
the x-axis:

Parabolas with their

Center at (h,k) and
Symmetric Around the
x-axis:

Equation:

Equation:

y =A x

( yk )2= A( xh)

Where:
Vertex = (0, 0)
Focus = At point (P, 0)), inside
the parabola.
o

Where,

4 P= A

Where:
Vertex = (h, k)
Focus = At point (h P, k), inside
the parabola.
o

Directrix = The line x = P, on

the outside of the parabola.

Where,

4 P= A

Directrix = The line x = h P,

outside the parabola.

Features of a Parabola
Equation with Symmetry
Around the x-axis:

y is squared and x is not

squared.

If

is positive, then the

parabola opens to the right.

If

parabola opens to the left.

The graph is not a function.

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is negative, then the

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