Running Head: Discrimination and Education for Prisoners

Discrimination and Education for Prisoners

California Baptist University
Miku Karalfa
ENG 123
Prof. Fisher
Fall 2016

Discrimination and Education for Prisoners

2 annotations
References
Clint, Smith. (2016). The Power of Pell Grants for Prisoners. New York. Retrieved from
http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-power-of-pell-grants-for-prisoners
This article tells about the benefits of prison education: The Grand Corporation found thirteen
percent obtain a job who was taking classes in the prison-education program. This program success
lowers recidivism rates and increasing post-release employment. Mr. Smith, author of The Power of
Pell Grants for Prisoners, was working with a program that accredited college courses to the incarcerated
for more than forty years. Boston University is the only school that continued serving incarcerated
people in Massachusetts. Also, Mr. Smith introduced the Obama Administrations programs which is
restoring the Education and Learning Act. The program supports prisoners education and fosters better
opportunities for the incarcerated, which consequently lowers criminal activity.
Obama Administrations program is essential that Pell grants provide resources that assist
colleges in building their capacity in prisons, by covering the school supplies and fees. Jackson, who is
in the prison for nine years, is receiving college education while he is in the prison. He feels pride and
the education motivates him to be a better member of society. The article states the incarcerated does not
mean being lacking of the capacity to learn, grow, and think. Its important that prisons provide
schooling where learning can be both educated and encouraged.

Lagemann, Ellen Condliffe (2011). What Can College Mean? Lessons from the Bard Prison Initiative.
Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 43(6), 14-19. Doi:10.1080/00091383.2011.618078.
Ellen Condliffe Lagement is a research professor at Bard College. She also teaches classes and
advises students on education benefits. She introduced her students to prisoners receiving their college

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educational benefits. This article is telling us about Brad Prison Initiative (BPI) systems and how the
prisoners succeed in their life and how the admissions process thrives. The BPI gives prisoners an idea
how to achieve their goal through the advantage. This article also provides an idea for enrolling and how
to apply for BPI. It also mentioned about how BPIs graduation rates are inspiring. Community college
conclusion rates are thirty percent and four year college rates are sixty percent by the time this article
was distributed.

Lanskey, C. (2013). Emma Hughes, Education in Prison: Studying Through Distance Learning.
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 46(2), 311-313. Doi:
10.1177/0004865813487845
This author, Lanskey, was introduced to education that gives prisoners a bright future and
positive aspects of the benefits. Especially, the criminal conviction is the students interest and expand
the job opportunities through the criminal conviction, but then there are multi-dimensional viewpoints to
motivate students education. This article explains that education has the power to contribute people to
become successful in their life. Learning careers and Educational life histories has increasingly been
a future of research on education in the community.

Mollory, Jason L. (2015). Denying Pell Grant to Prisoners: Race, Class, and the Philosophy of Mass
Incarceration.
This Article discusses about Pell Grants that were denied for the prisoners. Its also talking about
race, class and mass incarceration. In the past century, the black men in prison are rapidly increasing.
According to the article, it says that all prisoners who should have the right to Pell Grants is no more
punishing than other standard deprivations prisoners suffer for the duration of their sentences. These

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punishments, so far, are motivated by retributivist principles, are necessary to respect the free-will and
agency of offenders. There are three reasons why this retributivist in not considerable: First, prisonerstudents have the opportunity to improve themselves educationally. Avoiding them from having a
reliable means to fight the emotionally causes harmful effects of incarceration and forces prisoner
students to succeed in the face of high recidivism rates. All promote future crime and following
persecution. Secondly, the discriminatory policy regarding Pell Grants is a significance of custody as it
now exists, but in no obvious way, is essential to ensure retributivist justice. Third, is broken down
within two arguments: According to Murphy, much criminality is motivated by greed, selfishness, and
indifference to ones fellow prisoners; but not for the whole capitalist society, as it encourages and
motives greed and selfishness. It does not have the competitive nature of the society to alienate men
from each other and thereby encourage indifferenceeven, perhaps, what psychiatrists call
psychopathy. For the psychological trait you have conditioned him to have, like greed, is not one that
invites fine moral and legal distinctions. There is something awkward in applying ideologies that
presuppose a sense of community in a society which is structured to destroy genuine community.
The majority of the U.S prison population, historically, is lacking of class and race. Another
perspective recognizes the egoistic tendencies of the present economic system are very strong. Because
of these tendencies, the social instinct of man is not greatly developed; they have weakened the moral
force in man which combats the inclination towards egoistic acts, and hence towards the crimes which
are the one form of these acts. In a society in which, as in ours, the economic interests of all are in
eternal conflict among themselves, compassion for the misfortune of others inevitably becomes blunted,
and a great part of morality consequently disappears.
The only way to apply retributivist principles is to guarantee substantial situations satisfy
the empirical prerequisites that make retributivism a fascinating system of punishment.

Discrimination and Education for Prisoners

Clint, Smith (2016) Racism, Stress, and Black Death. New York. Retrieved from
http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/racism-stress-and-black-death
This article expresses the current state of affairs: there is much tragic news because of a lot of
racism. This article introduced about the violence and discrimination against black people. It is also
talking about self-preservation. Sometimes, we want to avoid news, social media, it because of selfpreservation and most people are refusing or not to share these discrimination problems. There is some
research from American Psychology Association, more than three in four black adults report
experiencing day to day discrimination and nearly two in five black men say that police have unfairly
stopped, searched and/or abused them. From that article, it expresses our modern society and shows a
lot of difficult discrimination problems we face today. There are lots of population in the states and it
means there are lots of different opinions or have perspective ways. There are big diversity in the United
States which means that there are many cultures mix in here. Discrimination problems are still appear
even today.

Gilbert, Paul A. Zamora, Sarah E. (2016). Discrimination and drinking: A systematic review of the
Evidence. Gilbert, P.A. and Zamore, S.E. (2016). Discrimination and drinking: A systematic
Review of the evidence. Social science and Medicine, 161, 178-194.
This article illuminates five discriminations varieties: racial ethnic discrimination, sexual
orientation discrimination, gender discrimination, generalized discrimination and other type of
discrimination. According this article, Discrimination and alcohol amuses are associated with directly
and indirectly harmful effects. There are big different perspective between English language papers and
other language papers about discrimination among African American but they are based on search in the
United States. The racial ethnic discrimination problem exist still today. Many people are afraid of to

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live or applying a job because of their skin color. Sexual orientation discrimination is someone get
treated by their sex and according to the article http://ilr.sagepub.com/content/48/4/726.short says, they
gay or bisexual male workers earned from 11 percent to 27 percent less than normal male workers. It is
also that same as woman side, lesbian and bisexual woman earned less than normal woman workers.
Next is gender discrimination, the gender discrimination is a major problems in workplace. Sexual
harassment is one of the gender discrimination. Gender discrimination is based on a persons gender or
sex. Gender discrimination is more effects girls and woman. It just because that woman and man dont
have a same education or political influence. Generally all the discrimination is illegal.
Nolan, Caitlin R. (2016): Bending without breaking: A narrative review of trauma-sensitive
yoga for women with PTSD. Nolan, C, R. (2016). Bending without breaking: A narrative review of
trauma-sensitive yoga for woman with PTSD. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 24, 32-40.
Doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.05.006.
P.T.S.D is cause from Trauma is a serious problem in the United States. Trauma cause from
these: sexual and domestic violence, accidental injury, natural disasters, and military combat. Natural
disasters and accidental injury are so closed to us that we live in this world. According to the National
Center for PTSD, 60 percent of men and 50 percent of woman will experience trauma in his or her
lifetime. In this article introduced about IPV which means intimate partner violence. According to the
World Health Organization; 35 percent of woman worldwide have experienced some form of violence.
Approximately 30 percent of woman who have been in a relationship report experiencing physical and
or sexual violence by partner. Sometimes, people dont have a brave to step up or shy to talk about these
situation especially comes to violence from the partner. People take a different way to think when they
fall in a love with a partner or they dont noticed when they get an abuse till escalated. In this article,
introduced Yoga. Yoga is relax, meditation and control breathing. It is also reducing stress. Many

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people do Yoga and Yoga reduced the people stress. The stress sometimes causes of the life threat. PTSD
has include a stress. The stress is hard to recognized symptom because we cannot see or feel the pain.
Most of people age from 19 years old to 60 years, they have PTSD.
Making a Great Man, Moses: Sustenance and Augmentation of the Self through God as Self object.
Son, Angella. (2015).
In this article introduced Heinz kohuts self-psychology illustration: According to his states:
The tragic hero who is the protagonist of the great tragedies, which must be counted as among the most
precious cultural possessions of mankind, is a man who, despite the breakdown of his physical and
mental powers (e.g., Oedipus) and even despite his biological death (e.g., Hamlet), is triumphant
because his nuclear self-achieved an ascendancy which never will, indeed which never can, be undone
(p. 37).
Jesuss life is a good example of self-preservation. There are two man who name is Hamlet and Jesus.
They both are tragic heroes. Jesus did not negotiated and the point of being killed on the cross. Another
self-psychology according to in his illustration: This structure is the basis for our sense of being an
independent center of initiative and perception, integrated with our most central ambitions and ideals
and with our experience that our body and mind form a unit in space and a continuum in time. This
cohesive and enduring psychic configuration, in connection with a correlated set of talents and skills
that it attracts to itself or that develops in response to the demands of the ambitions and ideals of the
nuclear self, forms the central sector of the personality (pp. 177178).
We can keep Self-preservation through experience of abiding sameness and have a space and time. Selfpreservation is a conduct that confirms of an creature.

Discrimination and Education for Prisoners