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POLITEKNIK SULTAN HAJI AHMAD

SHAH
MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

NAME : MUHAMMAD NAZIRUL HAKIM BIN YUSOF..


CLASS : DAD2A..
REG. NO. : 02DAD11F1017..
LECTURE :
DATE :
DEPARTMENT : J.K.MEKANIKAL..

CONTENT

Introduction

...

History of ergonomics

...

OSHA 1994

...

Objective of ergonomics

...

Conclusion

...

INTRODUCTION
ASSALAMUALAIKUM, BISMILLAHIRROHMANIRRAHIM..

I MUHAMMAD NAZIRUL HAKIM BIN YUSOF from class


DAD2A. Firstly, want to thankful to Hadrat Ilahi. With the
permission of the work I managed to finish the report successfully.
Secondly, I want to special thanks to my lecture for guide me how
finish this assignment report with the correct ways. Next, thanks
also to my fellow friend because help me in giving some points and
information. I would like to thanks once again on all the people
involved and hopefully Allah S.W.T will repay you.

HISTORY OF ERGONOMICS
Ergonomics defined as "the science of adapting the job or the
equipment and the human to each other for optimal safety and
productivity." In other words, ergonomics aims to prevent injury to
employees by minimizing physical stressors in the workplace. For
example it help in avoid illness and injury risk, contact stress,
repetitive motion, increased satisfaction among the workforce.
Although the scope of ergonomics wide the term of ergonomics are
refers to those work-related factors that may pose a risk of
musculoskeletal disorders and recommendations to reduce them.
Common examples of ergonomic risk factors are found in jobs like
requiring repetitive, forceful, or long exertions of the hands. It
means frequent or heavy in lifting, pushing, pulling, or carrying of
heavy objects and awkward in handling machine. Vibration and
nervous may add risk to these work conditions. Jobs or working
conditions present multiple risk factors will have a higher probability
of causing a musculoskeletal problem. The level of risk depends on
the intensity, frequency, and duration of the exposure to these
conditions and the individuals' capacity to meet the force of other
job demands that might be involved.

Figure involved in ergonomics:

Frederick W. Taylor

Called Father of modern management.

Discuss the methods of increasing efficiency of workers.

Focus more on work productivity issues.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Developed the therbligs system to analyse movement


made during work tasks

Divided into two types of movements-efficient and non


efficient.

Ralph M. Barnes

Continue of the Gilbreth works with the philosophy of


economic movements to increase productivity and reduce over
exertion.

CORRECT ETHICS WORK

WHAT IS OSHA 1994 ?

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3.
4.

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3.
4.
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The objective OSHA 1994 :


For securing the safety, health and welfare of persons at work.
Protect persons at a place of work other than employees.
Promote a suitable environment for persons at work.
Enable previous legislation to be replaced by regulations and
approved industry codes of practice operating in combination with
the OSH Act 1994.
Duties of employers and self-employed persons to their
employees :
Ensure practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work of all
his employees.
The provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work to
ensure safety and without risks to health.
Make arrangements for safety and absence of risk to health in
the use of plant and substances.
Provide information, instructions, training and supervision to
ensure safety and health.
Maintenance of place of work and working environment to ensure
safety and without risk to health.

An employer must prepare a written safety policy, keep it


updated as and when required, and it to the notice of his
employees.

Duties of employers and self-employed persons to persons other


than their employees :
1. Conduct his activities, so far as is practicable, that others are
not exposed to risks of their safety and health.
2. Provide information on safety and health to those who may be
affected by his activities.

Penalty for contravening the provisions is a fine of RM1k and jail


term not exceeding 3 months or both.
Person who intentionally, recklessly or negligently interferes with
or misuses anything provided or done in the interest of safety,
health and welfare in pursuance of this Act shall be guilty of an
offence who can be fined RM20k and jail term not exceeding 2
years or both.
No employer shall levy on his employee any actions done in
pursuance of this Act or its regulations.
An employee cannot be penalised if he makes a compliant on a
matter he considers not safe, becomes a member of a safety and
health committee or exercises his functions as a member in the
committee.
The minister has the authority to make regulations requiring
medical surveillance for employees in certain industries.

Notification of accidents, dangerous occurrence, occupational


poisoning and occupational diseases:
1. An employer must notify the nearest DOSH office of any such
incidences or if such incidences are likely to occur.
2. A registered medical practitioner or medical officer who
attended to a patient whom he believes is suffering for a
occupational disease listed in the Third schedule of the Factories
and Machinery Act 1967 must report to the matter to the DG.

OBJECTIVE OF ERGONOMICS

Objective :
1. Decreasing the disability costs for workers.
2. Reduction of occupational injuries and illnesses
3. Increasing productivity.
4. Lowering absenteeism.
5. Improving the quality of work.
6. Decreasing the loss of raw material.
7. Applying existing rules.

Methods obtain objectives of ergonomics :


1. Analysis and appreciation of risks in the workplace.
2. Identification and quantification of risk conditions in the
workplace.

3. Recommendation of engineering and administrative controls to


reduce risk conditions that are identified.
4. Through providing education to supervisors and workers about the
hazardous conditions at workplace and providing workplace safety.

CONCLUSION
At the end of the lesson I have learned more deeply in safety in
workshop or as known as Occupational Safety And Health. After do
the report I feel more confidence in doing the task in the workshop
after knowing all the prevention from accident occur. I also gain
knowledge about ergonomics and OSHA 1994 more better. I want to
specially thanks to my lecturer because help and guide me how to
finish the report correctly and successfully .

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