Subject : Instructional Media

Name : Annisa
Nim : 15220087
Class : B1/ Karyawan 2015
Lecturer : Rissa San Rizqiya

SUMMARY
VISUAL

Definition : Is a way of learning in which information is associated with images.

Role : to help students understand the lesson through pictures

Advantage :

Effective for illiterate receiver

Helps in oral communication

Easy explanation

Simple presentation

Reduce teacher talking time

Makes the class more dynamic and fun

Disadvantage :

Lack of students ability to speak

Students tend to be less active

Costly

Complex presentation

Incomplete method

Wastage of time

Example : Types of visual media include digital and printed images, photography,
graphic design, fashion, videos, architectural structures and fine arts. Visual media
is seen on billboards, smartphones, newspapers, screen projectors, posters,
televisions, computers and various other mediums and devices.

AUDIO

Definition : Is learning style in which a person learns trough listening

Role :

To teach listening skill

To teach pronounciation and intonation

Characteristics :

Sound clarity

Relevant to the topic

Clear pitch of the audio

Appropriate length

Appropriate language

Unbiased context

Advantage :

Usefull to add maintain and stimulate interest

Can be use as a set induction strategy

Can clarity problem and ambiguity

Can eid memory

Can be use in stimulating emotion

Useful in distant learning

Helpful in stimulating creative thinking increase imagination

Helpful in learning language

Disadvantage :

Acsessing or selecting topics

Consume time

Can not learn read

Controling device is hard

Need more monitoring

Example :

Analog : Radio and tapes

Digital : CD, MP3, WAV

AUDIO-VISUAL

Definition :

Role :

Audio-visual methods in teaching strengthen an instructors verbal presentation

Convey information mainly via sound and image instead of by text

Student often benefit from the visual/sound appeal of audio-visual methods in teaching

Characteristics :

Selective

Preparation

Physical control

Proper presentation

Response

Advantage :

Easy to understand the material because they are not only listen but also see the
presentation.

The student are fluent in speaking.

Audio-visual method enchance student learning and craete a more inviting atmosphere.

Diadvantages :

Basic method of teaching is repitition.

Mechanical drill of early audio-visual approach is boring mindless and counter

productive.

Audio-visual materials were open to same sort of misuse.

Audio-visual method does not develope writing and reading skill.

New materials necessitated extansive use of equipment with all associated problems of
black out, extantion leads, carrying tape-recorders from classroom to classroom.

Example : Television, Online video , DVD, Video tape

COMPUTER BASED

Definition : computer-based learning is a term that can be used to describe virtually any
kind of learning program using computers as a central staple.

Characteristics :

Utilize the power of the computer

Utilizing multimedia technology

Utilizing electronic technologies

Using the media independent

Utilizing data exchange

Role :

Cognitive objectives : computers can teach the concepts of rules, principles, measure,
processes, and complex calculation.

The purpose of affective : when a program is design appropriately to give a piece of clip
sound or video whose contents arouse feelings, learning attitude / affective can be done
using computer media.

Psychomotor objectives : with this form of learning that is packaged in a very nice games
and simulation are used to create the conditions of the working world.

Advantages :

Privide opportunities for students to solve problems individually

Provide compelling presentation with animation

Provide learning content choices are many and varied

Capable of motivating student to learn

Capable of activating and stimulating methods of teaching well

Promoting the development of student understanding of the material presented easily

understood by student

Students had an experience that is concrete, increased student retention

Give direct feedback

Can accommodate students who are slow because it can create an effective learning
climate with a much more personal way

Can stimulate students to do the exercise because of the availability of animated graphics,
color and music

The handle is on the student so that the learning speed can be adjusted to the level of
ability

Disadvantages :

Learners with low motivation or bad study habits may fall behind

Without the routine structures of a traditional class, student may get lost or confused
about course activities and deadlines

Student may feel isolated from the intructor and classmates

Intrsuctor may not always be available when students are studying or need help

Slow internet connections or older computers may make accessing course materials
frustrating

Example :

Training and practice : in this computer-based learning students are given questions or
problems to be solved and then the computer will give a response to the answers given
student.

Tutorial : this learning model provides a lesson plan that is complex contains learning
materials, exercises and feedback.

Simulations : this learning model presents a system of learning by a process of imitation

by a process of imitation of the real thing in the form of animation.

REALIA

Definition : realia is objects from real life used in classroom instruction by educators to
improve students understanding of other cultures and real life situations.

Role : realia in the classroom is all about the use of real life objects that students can
touch, feel, and even smell to effectively teach ESL components.

Advantages :

Engages various learners

Teaches vocabulary

Facilitates language acquisition and production

Allows students to experience with sense

Promote cultural understanding

Can serve as an introduction or support dor a lesson

Disadvantages:

Not always available

Not always practical for classroom use

Can pose potential safety hazards

Cost

Storage

Can be a source of distraction

Example : Brochures, Maps, and Documents