CLASSIFICATION OF ADTH

BASED ON
ACCEPTANCE & REJECTION

ADTH MAQBL
Literally = ( )acceptance X rejection, refutation
Definition

That which the truthfulness and reliability of its
narrators have been confirmed

ADTH MAQBL
ADTH
MAQBL

ADTH
MUTAWTIR

ADTH
D

A
LI DHTIHI

A
LI GHAYRIHI

ASAN

ASAN
LI DHTIHI

ASAN
LI GHAYRIHI

ADTH A
Literally = ( )health, validity X disease
Definition =


That which has a continuous chain, transmitted by
the upright who possess retentive memory from
another who has the same qualities, free from
isolation and defects

ADTH A
Criteria
1. Continuation of the chain of transmission
2. Uprightness and reliability of its transmitters
3. Retentive memory of the transmitters
4. Free from isolation
5. Free from obvious and hidden defects

ADTH A
Continuation of the chain of transmission
each transmitter received the adth
explicitly/directly ( )or implicitly ()
direct transmission = heard/witnessed directly;
expressions used include: I heard ()/it was related
to me (/)/I saw ()
implicit transmission = transmitted from an authority
who was a contemporary; expressions used include:
said ()/from ()/did ()

ADTH A
Indication of continuation
1.

2.

Knowledge of the date of birth and death of the

transmitters to verify that it was possible for a transmitter
to transmit from the other
Statement of a transmitter or a adth scholar that a
transmitter met/heard/saw the other

ADTH A
Uprightness and reliability ( )of transmitters

He who is consistent in his religion, exhibit good
conduct, free from indulging in sins ( )and
matters which could affect ones dignity
Indication of uprightness
1. Statement of scholars of the science of al-jar wa
ta'dl
2. Prominent personalities such as the four Imms of
the Madhhib

ADTH A
Retentive memory ( )of the transmitters
The transmitter must have exceptional memory
( = ) possess good memory since he
received a adth until the time he transmits it or the
ability to narrate adth from memory anytime
required
( = ) documentation of adth preserved
from the time it was written (i.e. no addition, changes
etc were made)

ADTH A
Identification of retentive memory ()
Compare transmission with other transmissions by
upright and reliable transmitters and analyse any
discrepancies

ADTH A
Free from isolation ()
Isolation = that which contradicts transmissions of
other authorities who were more in number or an
authority who has higher reputation
Free from defects ()
Free from unapparent defects

ADTH A
Position
Muaddithn and Fuqah' unanimously agree that
adth a is an authoritative source, and no one is
permitted to abandon it

ADTH A
Ranking of adth a
1. Recorded by both al-Bukhr and Muslim
2. Recorded by al-Bukhr only
3. Recorded by Muslim only
4. Fulfilled the conditions of acceptance set by both al-Bukhr
and Muslim
5. Fulfilled the conditions of acceptance set by al-Bukhr
6. Fulfilled the conditions of acceptance set by Muslim
7. Deemed authentic by other Muaddithn

Terminologies
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

( = ) this is an authentic adth; it fulfills the 5

characteristics of adth a
( = ) this adth is inauthentic; it does not fulfill the
criteria of adth a
( = ) the chain of transmitters of this adth is
authentic; its sanad is sound while the matn is not necessarily
authentic
( = ) the most authentic chain of transmission; there are
various levels of authenticity of the sanad based on the different
levels of retentive memory (ab) of the transmitters
( = ) this is the most authentic on this (particular)
matter; the most reliable adth on a particular matter which does
not necessitate its authenticity
( = ) conforming to the conditions set by al-Bukhr
and Muslim; transmitted through their chains of transmitters
( = ) authenticity confirmed by al-Bukhr and Muslim

ADTH A
Compilations
1. a al-Bukhr
2. a Muslim
3. a Ibn Khuzaymah
4. a Ibn ibbn
5. Mustadrak 'al al-aayn by al-kim

ADTH ASAN
Literally = ( )beautiful, nice, good, agreeable
Definition =

That which has a continuous chain, transmitted by
upright transmitters who possess a lesser degree of
retentive memory (compared to transmitters of
authentic adth), free from isolation and defects
Differ with adth a in terms of the degree of
retentive memory of the transmitters

ADTH ASAN
Criteria
1. Continuation of the chain of transmission
2. Uprightness and reliability of its transmitters
3. Retentive memory of the transmitters lesser than
the transmitters of adth a
4. Free from isolation
5. Free from obvious and hidden defects

ADTH ASAN
Position
Fuqah consider it as evidence and the majority
consider it as binding proof. Some scholars who are
lenient categorise adth asan as authentic though
they acknowledge that its position is lower than
adth a
Compilations
No exclusive collection but can be found recorded in:
1. Jmi' al-Tirmidh
2. Sunan Ab Dwud
3. Sunan Druqutn

ADTH ASAN
Terminologies

( = ) the chain of transmitters of this adth is

good/agreeable; the sanad is good/agreeable but the matn is

not necessarily sound
( = ) this adth is good/agreeable and authentic; it
could mean one of the following:
1.
2.
3.

the adth has two or more chain of transmitters, some are

good/agreeable, and some are authentic
some scholars consider the adth to be authentic, while some
consider it to be good/agreeable
it is asan li dhtihi or a li ghayrihi

ADTH A/ASAN LI GHAYRIHI

adth a li ghayrihi = it is in fact a adth which is
good/agreeable, but elevated to the position of authentic
due to the presence of chains of transmitters which are
similar in strength or stronger
adth asan li ghayrihi = it is in fact a weak adth, but
elevated to the position of good/agreeable due to:
1.
2.

the presence of chain of transmitters which are similar in strength

or stronger
the cause of its weakness is not due to the transmitter being a fsiq
or liar, but due to either weak memory of its transmitters,
discontinuity of its isnd or the narrators are unknown (majhl)