Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Mike Resso
Signal Integrity
Applications Scientist
Keysight Technologies
Jeff Most
Engineer
Keysight Technologies
Agenda
VNA
Most
Accurate
Most
Simple
TDR
TDR Overview: What is it and how does it work?
Important TDR Instrument Considerations
TDR vs. VNA: Architectures, Advantages, Disadvantages
TDR uses and applications
TDR Calibration
Measurement Results: TDR vs. VNA
Agenda
VNA
Most
Accurate
Most
Simple
TDR
TDR Overview: What is it and how does it work?
Important TDR Instrument Considerations
TDR vs. VNA: Architectures, Advantages, Disadvantages
TDR uses and applications
TDR Calibration
Measurement Results: TDR vs. VNA
S21
Transmission
DUT
S11
S22
Reflection
S12
Magnitude
RF Source
Phase
LO
R1
A
Test port 1
R2
B
Test port 2
Low
Integration
High
Passive
RFICs
MMICs
T/R modules
Transceivers
Receivers
Tuners
Converters
Antennas
VCAs
Amplifiers
Switches
Multiplexers
Mixers
Samplers
Multipliers
VTFs
Modulators
VCAttens
Diodes
Transistors
Device type
Active
Incident
Reflected
Transmitted
Lightwave
DUT
RF
Transmitted
Reflected
A
TRANSMISSION
REFLECTION
Reflected
Incident
VSW
R
S-Parameters
S11, S22
Reflection
Coefficient
G, r
Transmitted
Incident
Return
Loss
Impedance,
Admittance
R+jX,
G+jB
B
R
Group
Delay
Gain / Loss
S-Parameters
S21, S12
Transmission
Coefficient
T,t
Insertion
Phase
l
l
l
l
l
a1
S 21
Incident
b2
S11
Reflected
b1
Transmitted
DUT
Port 1
Transmitted
Port 2
S12
S22
Reflected
a2
Incident
b1 = S11a1 + S12 a 2
b 2 = S21 a1 + S22 a 2
Agenda
VNA
Most
Accurate
Most
Simple
TDR
TDR Overview: What is it and how does it work?
Important TDR Instrument Considerations
TDR vs. VNA: Architectures, Advantages, Disadvantages
TDR uses and applications
TDR Calibration
Measurement Results: TDR vs. VNA
Copyrighted 2016
Keysight
Copyrighted 2016
Keysight
Copyrighted 2016
Keysight
Agenda
VNA
Most
Accurate
Most
Simple
TDR
TDR Overview: What is it and how does it work?
Important TDR Instrument Considerations
TDR vs. VNA: Architectures, Advantages, Disadvantages
TDR uses and applications
TDR Calibration
Measurement Results: TDR vs. VNA
2016 Copyright
Keysight
Today is AFR
SE Thru
Or
Diff Thru
Or
Open
2016 Copyright
Keysight
4 Bandpass AFR
AFR
Agenda
VNA
Most
Accurate
Most
Simple
TDR
TDR Overview: What is it and how does it work?
Important TDR Instrument Considerations
TDR vs. VNA: Architectures, Advantages, Disadvantages
TDR uses and applications
TDR Calibration
Measurement Results: TDR vs. VNA
Up to 32-ports
Up to 26.5GHz
PXI-based modular
SCPI automation
22
2016 Copyright
Keysight
2016 Copyright
Keysight
Agenda
VNA
Most
Accurate
Most
Simple
TDR
TDR Overview: What is it and how does it work?
Important TDR Instrument Considerations
TDR vs. VNA: Architectures, Advantages, Disadvantages
TDR uses and applications
TDR Calibration
Measurement Results: TDR vs. VNA
27
Agenda
VNA
Most
Accurate
Most
Simple
TDR
TDR Overview: What is it and how does it work?
Important TDR Instrument Considerations
TDR vs. VNA: Architectures, Advantages, Disadvantages
TDR uses and applications
TDR Calibration
Measurement Results: TDR vs. VNA
4
FFT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Reference Plane
Connector Launch
Uncoupled TX Line
Coupled Diff TX Line
Connector
Open Circuit
Example Measurements:
Step Response
Propagation/Time delay
Rise time degradation
FFT
30
Agenda
VNA
Most
Accurate
Most
Simple
TDR
TDR Overview: What is it and how does it work?
Important TDR Instrument Considerations
TDR vs. VNA: Architectures, Advantages, Disadvantages
TDR uses and applications
TDR Calibration
Measurement Results: TDR vs. VNA
Z0
+
VM
Vr
Signal incident to
DUT (VDI)
Error
Block
Signal reflected
from DUT(VDR)
VM
DUT
Error
Block
Vf
r
Vr
r
Impedance accuracy
Minimum Separation = (c * trise)/2 SQRT()
Discontinuity count
October 18, 2016
33
Agenda
VNA
Most
Accurate
Most
Simple
TDR
TDR Overview: What is it and how does it work?
Important TDR Instrument Considerations
TDR vs. VNA: Architectures, Advantages, Disadvantages
TDR uses and applications
TDR Calibration
Measurement Results: TDR vs. VNA
VNA
35
The TDR has more noise but uses averaging to reduce the effect of the noise:
36
Agenda
VNA
Most
Accurate
Most
Simple
TDR
TDR Overview: What is it and how does it work?
Important TDR Instrument Considerations
TDR vs. VNA: Architectures, Advantages, Disadvantages
TDR uses and applications
TDR Calibration
Measurement Results: TDR vs. VNA
TDR Applications:
Trouble-shooting: No TDR calibration
required, just connect and measure, find
opens, shorts and large impedance
discontinuities AND where they are with
fast, live updates. The TDR is very intuitive
Characterization: Characterize a device to
evaluate performance. Characterize a
channel and save the touchstone file. Use
the channel characterization data for deembedding the channel from transmitter
measurements, etc., made later.
Scope Measurements: Turn off the step
generators and use the TDR channels as
Equivalent Time Oscilloscope channels for
standard scope measurements, eye diagram
analysis and jitter analysis.
38
Agenda
VNA
Most
Accurate
Most
Simple
TDR
TDR Overview: What is it and how does it work?
Important TDR Instrument Considerations
TDR vs. VNA: Architectures, Advantages, Disadvantages
TDR uses and applications
TDR Calibration
Measurement Results: TDR vs. VNA
Advanced:
Advanced: De-embedding
Agenda
VNA
Most
Accurate
Most
Simple
TDR
TDR Overview: What is it and how does it work?
Important TDR Instrument Considerations
TDR vs. VNA: Architectures, Advantages, Disadvantages
TDR uses and applications
TDR Calibration
Measurement Results: TDR vs. VNA
Si goes here
42
TDR or
VNA
Probe Tips
Goal: Characterize the channel WITHOUT including effects of nonideal instrument performance, cables and probes!
Three Measurement Approaches Evaluated to address the probes:
1. Calibrate at the probe tips using a Calibration Substrate.
2. Calibrate at the connection to the probe and De-embed the probes.
3. Do not use the probes and characterize the DUT using One-Port AFR.
43
VNA
or TDR
Calibrate at
Probe Tips
Reference Planes
3. Measure the DUT:
1
VNA or
TDR
Probing
Station
2
3
44
VNA
or TDR
2
3
1
VNA or
TDR
Probing
Station
2
3
Reference Planes
45
VNA
or TDR
Probing
Station
2
3
Shorted
1
VNA or
TDR
Reference Plane
46
TDR in blue
VNA in red
to 25GHz
Summary:
Challenged getting a good cal beyond 25 GHz
on both instruments.
Very good correlation of TDR and VNA results.
1
VNA or
TDR
Probing
Station
2
3
47
Summary:
Very good correlation of TDR and VNA results.
Freq to 50GHz
3 dB/div
1
VNA or
TDR
Probing
Station
2
3
48
1
VNA or TDR
PNA in blue
TDR in red
Short
Freq to 43 GHz
2 dB/div
49
Raw
Tx Only
Eye Height
43 GHz AFR
50 GHz De-Embed
Summary:
Significant improvement in EYE opening with deembedding, as expected (10% width, >100% height).
Eye Width correlation across instruments and methods
within 2.5% of Tx only.
Eye Height for probe at cal tips method low.
Eye Height for AFR and Probe De-embed within 2.5% of
Tx only.
50 GHz de-embed
43 GHz AFR
25 GHz cal at tips
Tx ONLY
Raw at channel end
50 GHz de-embed
43 GHz AFR
25 GHz cal at tips
Tx ONLY
50
Agenda
VNA
Most
Accurate
Most
Simple
TDR
TDR Overview: What is it and how does it work?
Important TDR Instrument Considerations
TDR vs. VNA: Architectures, Advantages, Disadvantages
TDR uses and applications
TDR Calibration
Measurement Results: TDR vs. VNA
Summary
Both VNAs and TDRs can provide time domain and frequency domain
measurement results and in many cases results are comparable.
Keysight designs and manufactures BOTH high performance VNAs and
high performance TDRs. If you dont know which instrument is best for
your application, contact your Keysight Field Engineer for an honest
discussion on the benefits of each.
Automatic Fixture removal (AFR) is an easy and accurate way to
characterize your fixtures and probes and works well with both VNAs
and TDRs
RF Source
LO
R1
A
Test
port 1
R2
B
Test
port 2
Have a plan for managing data when testing high port-count devices.
Keysight PLTS can help!
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53
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QUESTIONS??
55