Académique Documents
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ANCHOR
HANDLING
ANCHOR
HANDLING
By
Capt.Krets Mamondole
Master Mariner. MNI.DPO
Editor
Denny Rozali
Published by
Harapan Jaya
Preface
I believe that the core idea of offshore operation to make relatively simple for any
inexperience mariner to understand simple drawing sketch and steps to understand the
flow of operation safely.
Many have misunderstood and this easi ly overlooked and causes more hann in gelling
work done in safely instead .
In writing this textbook, my aim has been to try and fill a gap by providing up to date
guide for ordinary seamen, cadet, non offshore mariner to understand critical points and
risk exposes of various step taken.
Throughollt my experience onboard with nu merous Master of different national
colleagues, have makes me aware the important of simpl e drawing to explain all before
one assigned to do their work.
Many people have made this book poss ible. My thank to Capt. Roy Mundus Benhur,
Capt Wijayanto, Jendry Gandaria, Ricky lngkiriwang who have encourage me to write thi s
book and have provided great support whi le maintaining patience with effort to com plete
this work in a timely manner.
I would like to thank to numerous associates and assistants in volved in the development
of the text.
I rece ived a great deal of in tellectual and colleg ial support from my ex-ship colleague at
Gulf Marine, Osa Marine OIL , PRM, Emas Offshore, Thome offshore, DESS who helped to
make thi s book simple to read and understand for non offshore mariner.
Most importantly, will like thank my famil ies for their continued support and
encouragement, without which this book wou ld no t have been attempted, much less
finished.
Also the following companies for their help with advise and photograph.
Capt.Krets Mamondole
Master Mariner, MN I, OPO
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
TABLE OF CO NTENTS .
"
CHAPTER \. INTRODUCTION.
CHAPTER I\. EQUIPMENT LA YOUT AND FUNCTION
A. Types of anchor handling vesse ls
8. Standard deck layout
C. Equipment involved in anchor handling
O. Control station layout.
E. Wire rope, shackles, anchors, & gear
3
3
7
8
17
21
50
50
51
52
53
55
58
59
59
60
61
63
66
69
69
73
77
81
81
83
87
92
94
96
97
99
II
101
101
101
110
112
11 2
113
11 6
119
122
122
124
148
148
150
153 .
161
161
162
166
184
184
187
196
196
197
198
199
200
200
200
200
200
201
201
20 1
201
201
201
201
202
203
204
205
O. Bibliography
II I
133
157
172
175
187
190
CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTION
Anchor handl ing has long been a vocation that has called for a lot of interest and has
been a satisfying experience for those who have done it through experience taking
into consideration not just one aspect of the operation but worked on skills to develop
all round knowledge of its pitfalls and ri sks that can be minimized and or eliminated.
In being able to del iver the results in a effective and a effi cient and safe manner it is
necessary to know what [he drawbacks that could be present and need to be addressed
or ove rcome. These could be factors that arc within the ship or externally present.
Internall y: Master's capability and skills, the crews experience and their abil iti es
in relation to the operation, the ship maneuvering characteristics, winching
capabili ties, and availability of equipment on board.
Externally: Geographical conditions, the weather condi ti ons at the time of
operat io ns. Human factor at and surrounding th e workplace: Client, Agent other party
and or from the company itse lf. The equ ipment used by the client such as survey
equipment etc.
Anchor handling can be done with sati sfy ing results if all of the above is taken into
account and prepared for at the planning stage of the operation and all concerned
personnel informed, equipped and prepared accordingly.
Good co-ordination between the Master and the crew on deck and the Master with the
Rig mover is a must for the success ful completion of the operation. It is nOI
infrequent to have a misunderstanding between the communi cating parties which
leads to a development of a situation nOi conducive to the operation . This ean be
avoi ded by holding a tool box meeting which involves the Master, the ship 's crew
and the Rig mover to discuss the procedures, identify possible hazards and minimize
or elim inate them,
It follows that communication remains a very very important part in the operation.
Communication should at all times be to the point, clearly spoken and acknowledged
as having understood by repeating the o rder. This is 2 way communication and it
should be carried out at all times. Thi s avoids unsafe situations from arising out of
miscommunicat ion and keeps the crew safe. Crew on their part should not do
something that they have not clearly understood . Confirm and re confirm if need be
with the Captain, but DON 'T guess what the message is, understand it.
These days the crews on board the anchor handling vessels are from different
countries and backgrounds. In such situations the role of the Master is all the more
challenging as he has to enhance the positi ves of each crew and suppress their
negatives if any. The best way for the Master to achieve this is to lead by exampl e
which will automatically establi sh a safety culture on board and turns the ship into a
disciplined high perfonnance unit where all on board enjoy the benefits of a well run
unit
Having said all of the above. the technical skills and the personal experiences of each
of the crew bring to the ship a very big advantage, but if the crew be inexperienced
the anchor handling operations will indeed be a very difficult proposition to the vess~ l
and the rig.
Equipment onboard is also a very important feature of the operation. But it is not
enough to just have the equipment onboard. It needs to be kept in good working
order. The Master and Chief Officer shall ensure lhat the maintenance procedures and
the maintenance schedules are adhered to. It will be as per the companies planned
maintenance which enables equipment inventory, maintenance history and inspection
reports and related infonnation which will be kept updated by the Chief Officer.
Equipment certification is also equally important.
Delays caused due to equipment failure due to lack. of maintenance or inspection arc
unacceptable and reflects very poorly on the vessels perfonnance capabilities.
All crew at all levels must usc personal protective equipment and are equally
responsible for their own safety and related clothing and equi pment. We all have been
using these for a long time but they do need to be stressed on now and then. All crew
shou ld have been issued with most of this: Coverall , Safety shoes, helmets, leather
type hand glove, goggles, Bosun 's knife, work vest.
To re-emphasize the safety aspect, ALL personnel involved in the operation should
be made aware of the fact that each and anyone of them cou ld STOP the operation if
they see, or fe el that there is a situation that could be potentially hazardous to the
operation. This is called the STOP WORK POLlCY and thi s is a recognized policy
internationaliy by oil companies. When such a STOP JOB call is given. operation
shall not be resumed till the situation which has arisen be resolved effectively or the
hazard reduced to the most minimal.
C HAPTER 1\
EQUIPMENT LAYOUT AND FUNCTION
,.
..
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"
I1nll
,"IG.::'.
B. Standard deck layout for chain handling, shown also is a anchor ready to
deploy. This particular vessel has 2 sets of towing pins and 2 Karm forks.
Winch compartment shown from astern, the towing pins and thc Kann fo rk are
down, the tow li ne stop post on vicw on the Port and Stbd crash rai ls.
IS
Tugger winches are small winches whi ch can be used to haul objects on the
vessels decks, to transfer or even can be used to lash deck cargoes at times.
.~
;.
..
. ..
Tugger Winch
Capstan can serve the same purpose as the tuggers but one advantage is that they
can be used for mooring/unmooring as well.
Capstan
9
Roller lead sheave is often used to change the angle at which the wire leads or to
enab le the capstan or the tugger to pull at d.i fferent angles.
Spooling wi re guide is to enab le the drum to be spoo led properly so that there are
no wires criss crossing.
r
Spooling Wire Guide
Pelican hook stopper point, as the name suggests is used for sec uring the pelican
hook assembly, or chain stoppers as the case maybe.
Towing drum
I Spooling drum
I
kt
\=\~
Anchor Handling
drum
f::I
Tugger w,inch
!~
OO~k V
OXO
'"
pOSI
12
Towing pins
Capstan
Stem Roller
Shark Jaw
Shark Jaw shown holding the cha in .
13
350~500
t of tension
Kann Fork is also a hydrau lic stopper wh ich can hold 350 - 500 tons of tensiol1 .
Stern roller is to facilitate the heaving and slacking of wires and chains over the
stern end without any damage to the wires and chains and also to the ship.
Stem Roller
Stem gate is a means of reducing the swe ll wash ing on the deck , and preventing
the cargo from being washed over. This is also a safer working deck for the crew.
Stern Gate
15
Gypsy is used to pick up the chain from the deck and put in the chain locker and
vi ce versa. It can al so be used to tens ion the rig chain .
Gypsy
16
Aft Contro l
DP Consul
17
Fwd Control
18
Winch Controls
Steel Coro
Si7-<:
Appro,
Appro"
Nominal
Mass
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
16
Small sling.
Lashing wire
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
12
35
Suitcase wire.,
Heavy slrops
'lings
K"
Kg/100m
IOM CS
""
23. 1
29.2
36.1
43.7
52.0
3.81
4.82
5.95
7.21
8.57
37.4
47.3
58.4
70.7
84. 1
25.5
32.2
39.8
48.2
57.3
4.11
5.20
6.42
7.77
9.25
40.3
5 1.0
63.0
76.2
90.7
61.0
70.8
92.4
10. 1
11.6
15 .3
19.3
21.5
98.7
67.3
78.0
10.8
12.6
16.4
20.8
23.1
106
124
161
204
23.9
28.&
34. 3
40.3
46.1
234
25.7
31.1
37 .0
43.4
50.4
252
305
363
426
494
645
117
130
144
175
208
244
283
370
J8
40
578
61.0
73.0
77.2
85 .9
95.3
56
suspended
moormgs pennant
114
150
189
211
102
129
144
60
64
67
68
70
72
73
76
8J
89
96
103
21
227
336
395
159
193
229
269
458
Jl2
598
757
408
488
516
843
575
65 .7
78.7
83.3
92.8
935
673
103
817
910
1008
771
1076
1161
124$
124
148
174
187
201
1220
1452
1704
1837
1976
1433
1660
1830
1880
1990
231
262
288
297
314
2268
2570
2825
291 4
3080
28J
716
917
52
Hcav~
Minimum
Breaking
Force
tonnes
54
"eo",
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pennants.
Minimum
Breal:.ing
Luad
KgJlOOm
44
4R
Mass
Lo~tI
442
468
521
36
Minimum
Breaking
Minimum
Breaking
Force
diameter
333
341
772
2100
2170
2340
2790
3210
442
508
3267
3345
3630
4336
4983
3740
4340
595
653
6405
370
5797
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Note: Purpose and illustration for use of the anchor handling Hook
A.
C~
' 11 <
::::.~@
.J
i"". , c
,,-c=oa-~
ilG8 :s ggg;g ~
:>
III .:::
35
iJ
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-:::::ooe::
This link is a means of connecting the tugger wire to the chain , which in tum on
the other end will be connected to the Safety hook.
Safety Hook which will connect to the end of the tugger wire.
Safety Hook
36
Pelican Hook is a manual stopper and comes in various sizes which can vary lhe
holdi ng strength from 10 - 110 tons
Closed
Open
Pelican Hook
37
Swivel is to reduce the twist on the wire, so as to keep the wire kink free and to
make the wire safer to handle whil st connecting and di sconn ecting.
Swivel Assembly
U
Hinge link
Hingelink
Socket
39
40
Wire Cutter
Co ld Chisel
41
I Kg Sledge Hammer
3 Kg Sledge Hammer
42
Pin Punch
Split Pins
43
Snatch Block
44
45
Pipe Wrench
Axe
46
Crow Bar
Pl iers
47
Ring Spanner
Marlin Spike
48
Wooden Spike
Diagram shows how lo use the bull dog grips to fonn an eye.
,
<;
II
III
..
'J
",".,
r'
- - 49
CHAPTER III
RIGGING FOR A C HaR HANDLI 'G
A. Introduction
The rigging for anchor handling has a lot of aspects to it. The crew needs to know
the various equipment which can be used and how to use it. The kind of
maintenance that needs to be carried out 10 keep the equipment in top working
condition. the capacities or capabilities of the equipment and above all the vessel
should hold valid certi fi cates for a ll eq uipment on board.
The type of equipment wi ll vary from vessel to vessel and at times to the
nOI
50
~ Tow;ng Drum
r~
Port Spooling
drum ~
.'"l}-----{J
Cutting tools
I ~==;;==t- Anchor
t-
,
Port Tugger _+-~
Stbd Spooling
drum
Handling
Drum
"\~~
';.j";
Stbd Tugger
Tow line stop
post
Boal hook
.,j-----,S;'bd Tugger
c apstan
Shark Jaw
,.
wire
/capstan
-----ill--'
1 '. '
51
Swivel
assembly
Towing Pin
b. Towing Drum
Function tested, Grease, Break adjusted
c. Guide Pin , Hydraulic Stoppers
Func tion tested, and checked for local remote operation, Hydraul ic power unit
checked
d. Deck Tugger winches/capstans
Function tested, brakes adjusted, wire properly spooled up end end tilting
(chain tail, safety hooks) checked
e. Portable tools
Checked, cleaned and assembled in a place, ready to use.
f.
Deck lighting
Tested, checked and defects made good
g. Communication
Deck to the bridge communication tested, loud hailer system tested
h. Gas cutting gear
Checked and ready
i.
Rigging gear
Shackles, canter link, bolt link, hinge link, chain stopper, anchor hook, snatch
block, lashing chain, chain binder, place and ready and use rack, checked and
greased, check soft line lashing ropes, wire sling, chain strops, ready for use.
A check should also be made that the contents of the deck gear locker are
stowed and placed to hand for examples, spi lt pin, lead shot, punches,
hacksaws, spanner, wire cutter, etc. are all in their correct place., bulldog
grips, shocked wrench set and all the other gear nonnally found in the deck
store should be checked in place.
j.
Pennant reel
Function tested, greased, break adjusted,
52
Item
Work wire
Shackles
Heavy duty
Swivel
J- Hook
Grapnel
Pennant Pelican
Hinge Link
Baldt type
Pear link
Bolt link
Canter link
Tugger wire
3
4
8
9
10
II
12
I (sDare)
13
Snatch Block
14
15
Wire Cutter
16
Wire rope
17
Polypropylene
Rope
Size
Qty
400-1500 M x 70-76 mm
200-300 M x 70-76 mm
110100s
85 tons
55 taus
35 tons
25 tons
12 tons
8 tons
6 tons
2
3
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
I
I
I
I
3
76 mm
76 nUll
76mm
2
2
2
20-24 mm
8- 10 SWL
64mm
68mm
70mm
72mm
76 mm
Manual hydrau lic type able
to cut at least 35 mm wire
22mm
24mm
30mm
35mm
15mm
25 mm
30mm
35mm
4
6
6
6
6
6
53
2
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Remarks
Sledge
Hammers with
5 kg
3 kg
I kg
0.5 k.
I kg
20
21
22
23
24
handle
Ball Pein
Hammer with
handle
Axes
Crow bars
Cold chisel
Pin punches
Pliers
3
3
3
2
Long handle
25
Pipe wrench
12 inches
24 inches
36 inches
26
Marlin spike
Heavy duty
2
6
6
5
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
8 inches
12 inches
Heavy duty
3
3
18
19
Heavy duty
Heavy duty
Heavy duty
Heavy duty_
12 inches
18 inches
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Hacksaws
Adjustable
spanners
Fi les metal
Ring spanner
Torches
One sel
Water proof
4
1
3
Grinder
Air driven/electric
Wooden Spike
Heavy duty
)-iydrauiic stopper insert set, for wire/ chain isze
Nails Various size 2 inch to 6 inches
Lead shot for joining link
Split pins for size of shackle
The oxyl acetylene cutting gear
Wire sling
I SWL 3,5,8 with 3 meters I
Chain stoppers I
Heavy duty
I
equipment continued ..
54
6
6
List
of
I
I
Note :
Shackles- Shackl es should be greased and color coded. The vessel should also
ensure that it has the certificates for the wires, chains and all anci ll ary equipment.
Having said that we still need (0 know the theory of the calculations so as to be
able to employ them if need be:
Example:
Anchor chain out ----...-. fairlead to anchor
3800 feet
Water depth
350 feet
700 feet
170 feet
55
~7002 _ 3502
606 feet
170 feet +
776 feet
3800 feet +
3. Anchor to fairlead
4. Radar distance
= 4576 feet
5. 4576/6080
56
0.75 miles
"
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57
Calculated example:
Data needed for the calculation:
I.
II.
Ill .
___ l ____
_______ ~ _____ J
Remaining pull
250 Ions
70 mm
150em
5
Max .pull x r
R
250 x 75
110
170 tons
58
R= D+ r
R = 5 x 70 + 75 em
R ~ 110
CHAPTER IV
SUITCASE BUOY
A. Introduction
The suitcase buoy consists of a hollow middle through its length so as to enable
the pennant wire to be passed through the buoy. Such buoys are nonnally used on
pipe lay or cable lay and small barges in shallow waters.
For a typical pipe lay barge, it could use 8 anchors or 10. Out of these 6 are
deployed in the bow and 4 on the stem area. Please refer diagram below.
Port Bow Anchor
10
2
3
Breast Anchor
B
A
R
Breast Anchor
~----
6
Stem Anchor
I
I
I
I
I
I
[ STINGER
Pipe being
laid out
59
~ Towing Drum
~: .... >,
I,
',
'.' -- - . . "
Cutting tools
H .'.
drum
.....
Spooling
"
-, .
~c::c::;;:c:::t~
,.... ,. '
Anchor
Hand l ing
Drum
Stbd Tugger
T ow Iinc stop
post
Boat hook
Stbd Tugger
wire
Capstan"
l
Shark Jaw
----It--~
capstan
,-1:'-:,'
60
Towing Pin
I. Anchor handling tug should come close to the buoy, the deck crew shou ld be
ready to pick up strop wire, also called Lazy Wire. To pick up strop wire we
have to use boat hook. See diagram no. I
I
I
Gambar No.1
Diagram No. I
10
U-J ,-------------'
-<-
,I
Diagram No.2
61
''
~ .~''
Diagram NO.3
4. heave pennant wire till the anchor reaches the bottom side of the buoy.
See diagram noA
"
DiagramNoA
62
..
b.
Using shark jaw, put the pennant in the shark jaw, disconnect work
wire from Pennant and release the shark jaw. See diagram No.5
Using tugger wire with open end hook. See diagram No.6
Diagram No.5
Diagram No.6
63
c. To release pennant, hold on to the tugger. pay oul work wire ti ll pennant wire
releases as the tugger wire tensions out. See diagram No.8 the following
diagram to get better understanding of the process
Diagram No .7
_.____~I.II~<==::::,~) ~::=-C~~,--,--
Diagram No.8
64
A.
"
B
.... - t..
: ~ ~-=CPi
I~"@ """""CJC"
<
C:
:) ,
IIII
Diagram NO .9
Remarks
E. Tugger wire
F. Open end Hook
Diagram No. J 0
65
., ::::::woo=:
Diagram NO.1 I
c. Suitcase wi re should be connected to work wire, after which the tugger wire is
disconnected. Sec diagram no.1 2
\
\
\
-Diagram NO.12
66
4. At times the anchor may have to be put to be on dec k in which case, anyone
of the tugger wire needs to be connected in order to heave the buoy over the
stem roll er and onto Ihe deek. See diagram no.13
,
,
,
,,
,
,
Diagram No.13
5. Once the buoy is on deck, the work wire is then heaved on to get the anchor
over the stem roller and onto the ship 's deck, this is in case of a special
requiremen! of the riglbarge. See diagram no. 14
,
,
,
,
,
,
,,
,,
Diagram No. 14
67
':"
Diagram No.15
Diagram No.16
68
CHAPTER V
PENNANT , BUOYED SYSTEM
A. Running anchor
1. Anc hor handling tug should come close to pi ck pennant wire. See diagram
No. 1
2. Pennant wire is connected to the work wire. See diagram No .2
Diagram No.1
Diagram No.2
69
3. Work wire is then heaved slowly and the rig pays out on its wire till the
anchor reaches the stem roller. See diagram No.3 and 4
Diagram No .3
Diagram No.4
70
4. AHT moves ahead towards the target given by the surveyor if the AHT
provided with survey equipment. See diagram no. 5
IS
Diagram No.5
5. As the vessel approaches the target area the work wire is then lowered to
a depth that keeps the anchor about 5m off the seabed as illustrated below.
Sea bed
Diagram No.6
71
6. Once the target position is reached then the anchor is slowly lowered to the
seabed, and once it is on the seabed then the vessel should be maintained in
that position, so as to not drag the anchor on the bottom and keep it within the
bull's eye. As the anchor is bottomed the rig should be informed.
Diagram No .7
7. When the anchor is in the holding position the rig shall inform the vessel. The
vessel can then disconnect the work wire from the pennant and connect the
buoy. release from the shark jaw and move the boat ahead to flush the buoy.
~J
-"'-
-"
Diagram No.8
72
Diagram No.9
2. Once the buoy is on deck the pennant wire is disconnected and the buoy is
secured to avo id it from shifting around.
3. Pennannt wire is then connected to the work wire and the barge then infonned
that the anchor is ready to be picked up. Do not pi ck up the anc hor till the
barge gives the go ahead 10 do so.
Diagram No. 10
73
4. Once pennissJOn is given, heave the anchor to the stem roller. During this
operation it is critical to maintain the vesse l's position.
00000
Diagram No. 11
5. After the anchor is on the stem roller, the barge is informed after whicb they
can start to heave in the anchor wire.
Diagram No.12
74
6. When the barge starts heaving up the anchor, the boat has to keep the wire
under tension and keep the vessel on the Run line given to it by the surveyor.
7. Diagram no 13 illustrates the boat close to the barge with the anchor still
hanging on the stem roller.
Diagram No.13
8. The work wire is paid out slowly as the barge heaves on to the anchor to gel it
onto the anchor rack. See diagram no. 14
9. Diagram no. 15 shows the anchor on the anchor rack.
../
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Diagram No.14
75
.(
10. After the anchor is on the rack the work wire is further slacked to get the
pennant socket up to the shark jaw.
II. Disconnect pennant from the work wire.
"
"
"
"
Diagram No .IS
12. Disconnect the work wire from the pennant and hook up the pennant to the
barge crane. See diagram no. 16
-~
V-
-I
-"
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..
Diagram No.16
76
24 mm 0 wire strop
4 ~5
meters lo ng
Hinge link
Hinge link
1.5-2 m 13/ 15 mm 0
open link chain
Diagram No.17
I. Both ends of the lasso are connected to the tugger wire and arranged on the
stem as shown in diagram no . 18.
--
Diagram No.IS
77
2. In order to lasso the cross on the buoy 2 people are needed to swing the lasso
over the cross.
Diagram No. 19
2. To make the operation safer, the lasso could be done as shown in the diagram,
which is to go over the buoy and under the body of the buoy.
Diagram No.20
78
3. The tugger is then used to get the buoy over the stem roller and onto the deck,
at limes the usc of a single tugger may not be enough to gCI the operat ion
done. in thai case both the tuggers can be connected simu haneously and
hca\ cd on together
Diagram No.21
4. Buoy is heaved over the stem roller and the socket, which is behind the buoy
is brought past the shark jaw.
Diagram No.22
79
5. Socket goes into the shark jaw as depicted in the diagram below.
Diagram No.23
6. Buoy is then disconnected and the work wire is connected. The anchor is now
ready to be pi cked up.
Diagram No.24
80
CHAPTER VI
PERMANENT CHA IN CHASER
A. Introduction
ppe is a system that uses a heavy duty stee l ring whi ch is connected to the 76mm
wire with a minimum 30mtrs length
Photo shows a Anchor handling vessel working with a semi submers ible rig
which uses the pee system.
AHT ruooing
B. Running An chor
1. Below in diagram 1, the rig is ready to band over the pee to the AHT which
will, after receiving it connect it to tbe tugger, the tugger wi ll then heave the
pee into the shark jaw.
2.
Di agram No. 1
3. The AHT moves ahead and the work wire is heaved up at the same time, so as
to keep the vessel from getting too close to the rig. As the work wire is heaved
on by the vessel the rig pays out enough to maintain the tension on the system.
The ring chaser is kept on the anchor See Diagram No .2
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~
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~ ......... ...
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-1,1
Diagram No.2
83
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4. Once the anchor is hung on the stern roller, the vessel then proceeds to the
target as given by the surveyor, the vessel is maintained on the Run line.
5. As the vessel approaches the target, IOOmtrs off from the target, the rig is
infonned and they will put the brakes on, the boat still keeps moving ahead to
stretch out the chain.
" "
............
..........................
"
"
..
./~
Diagram No.3
6. After the vessel reaches the target, the anchor is lowered onto the bull's eye, at
which time the vessel has to maintain the position to enable the anchor to be
in the bull ' s eye.
.....
.... '" ... ................... ... . ...... .
Diagram No.4
84
7. Rig shall infonn the vessel that the anchor is holding in position, then the
vessel can run back to the rig with the chaser to be handed over to the rig.
There are 2 steps to this procedure
~~
...
.........
.... ..
....... 7
....
'-
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Diagram No.S
.....
.. ....
. .....
Diagram No.6
85
~.' ....
.............
- -. _
_ __
_ __
._..... -CC..""'
_ _ _
_ _
_
........ ........
~
............
Diagram No.7
pee is then
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....
.....~
..................
......... .... .
Diagram No .8
86
...... .........
......
"
C. Retrieving Anchor
a. Vessel backs to the rig. See Diagram No.9
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.....
J
.>--......
......
.. ......................... .
..-........
.. ........
..-........... ..
Diagram No.9
b. Rig passes the PCC , the vessel then moves ahead, and pays out a length of 1.5
times the water depth on the work wire
c.
Vessel then moves ahead to the anchor position at a speed of no more than 5
kts.
t.
'-----:S;.
- ..
.... _- - - ,.;;f
'-'"
..... ---.
.. .........
..-.......... .. ......
.. .......
Diagram No.1 0
87
".
.. ..- ....
....... ~
d. On closing on to the target the speed is further reduced and the pee is slipped
on to the anchor, as the ring slips on the anchor the vessel may drop speed.
Once the ring is slipped in the vessel has to increase pitch to move ahead and
get the anchor of the bottom. See Diagram no. I I
"
......
...... .............
................ ...................
Diagram No.11
e. When the anchor is off the bottom the RPM is again reduced and the work
wire is the heaved on. See Diagram no 12, 13 and 14
~
..
........... ......................
.....
Diagram No. 12
88
......
.. "
Diagram No. 13
,---",-
.....
".
.....
.......
Diagram No. 14
f.
Once the anchor is on the stem roller the rig wi ll heave on the chain and the
vessel moves ahead, so as to keep the anchor on the ring chaser which is now
at the stem roller.
89
pee is paid out on as the rig heaves in, but the vessel keeps moving ahead
to mainta in the tension ti ll the anchor is on the rack . See Diagram No. 15
and 16
Diagram No. 15
2.
pee is disconnect and returned back to the rig. See Diagram No. 16,
Diagram No .1 6
90
17
3.
Diagram No.1?
The vessel could be requested by the installation to deck the anchor so as to avoid
any damages to the sub sea structures or constmclion for ego Well head, ri sers,
pipelines or cables etc. in the area in which the anchor is going to be nm
The anchor should be decked with the due care that when it is being brought up
the flukes of the anchor should not damage the stem of the vessel. In order 10
achieve this the flukes of the anchor should be outboard of the stem and not
pointing inwards See Diagram no 18
i' ".
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Diagram No.IS
91
Wrong
Correct
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. ... . . -
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.... ". .
'
.. .....
.......
....... .................. ..............
.......
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I Correct I
Diagram No.19
Invariably when heaving the anchor on the deck the fluke s wil! 110nnaily point
Diagram No.20
92
b. To so lve the situation, the anchor is lowered and the propeller are churned for
a few seconds to rotate the anchor See diagram No.21
.....
:; .
Tum
Diagram No 21
c. Once the fluke s are in the outward direction then the anchor can be brought
over the stem roller. See diagram No.22 and No.23
V 1\\
.. . ..
Diagram No 22
93
Diagram No. 23
Decking anchor is specially requ ested by the rig operator or some special job
to replace the anchor or the rig has just come to the new location after a dry
dock, or to avoid damage to sub sea installation etc. See diagram nO.24
Diagram No.24
94
~~
...
...
..
/r~
..
Diagram 0.25
c. To put Ihe anchor over the stem roller, the rig has to give vessel the
permission to do so. Once vessel has the permission, the vessel moves ahead
slowly to tension thc chain. while thc work wire is slowly paid out to allow
thc anchor to move to the stem roller. See diagram no. 26
95
,,
.....
......
'
Diagram No.26
Before the anchor is deployed on the seabed, it is on the stern roller at which time
it has to be made certain that the triangular plate of the anchor is sitting firmly on
the roller. This ensures that the anchor remains stable in that position.
F. Racking Anchor
a. As the rig heaves the chain the vessel pays out on the pee with the tension
being maintained at all times, the ring chaser has to be on the anchor
h. The flukes of the anchor should be pointing towards the rig as shown in the
diagram 00.27
c. In the diagram no. 28 the illustration is of an ring chaser not on the anchor
which allows the anchor to hang and it is not a desirable situation since il
makes it more difficult and operation to rack.
"'::--
,.,.
_--------=?'
~-
L -::. - ---
:::"'''
Keep Teosion
Diagram No.2?
96
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Diagram No.28
G. Picking up Ihe
pee from
the rig.
a. Rig shall lower the pee with the means of a pig tail wire (A), of which there
is another one which is to be connected to Ihe ships tugger (B) once on the
deck.
Diagram No.29
97
b. Pig tail wire (8) after being connected to the tugger, the socket is heaved on to
get it into the shark jaw. See diagram no 30 & 31.
Diagram No.30
Diagram NO .3!
98
a.
pee is disconnected from the work wire and once the crane is ready the pig
tail wire is booked onto it. It is desirabl e that the wire is behind the socket
wh ich makes it easier for the rig to han g it. See Diagram No.32
Diagram No .3 2
b. After the pig tail wire is hooked on to the crane, the towing pin is opened and
the shark jaw released to let the wire be picked up by the crane. See Diagram
No. 33 dan 34
Diagram No. 33
99
Diagram No.34
100
CHAPTER VU
SUPPORT MOORING OPERATION
A. Introduction
At times when running anchors, there is a necessity to keep the anchor wire clear
of the sub sea installation to avoid damage to the same and keep the anchor wires
from fouling in it. To this end the support mooring system is used.
The above objectives can be achieved in the systems listed hereafter. There are 3
____- - --1
OBSTRUCT !ON
---~
Diagram No .1
Note: A - Anchor
B
BargefRig
C - Buoy
101
b. Procedure
I. Buoy and Anchor along with the delta plate to be ready on the deck .
2. Pennant should be coiled on to the anchor handling drum
3. Extension of the anchor wire should be coiled around the anchor handling
drum after the pennant has been taken on.
4. Surface pennant shal l be connected to the buoy and laid out on the deck,
but not connected to the delta plate yet. ( Shallow water)
Vessel backs up to the rig and picks up the anchor wire .
Crane lowers the anchor wire, the ship's crew shall be ready to connect the tugger
and bring it into the shark jaw. See Diagram no.1 & 2
Once the anchor wire is in the shark jaw the boat moves ahead to keep a safe
distance from the rig. The wire is then connected to the delta plate, the extension
wire is also connected to the delta plate at this time.
Diagram No.1
102
Anchor wire heaved by the tugger wire and brought into the shark jaw.
Diagram No.2
Once the anchor wire is in the shark jaw the boat moves ahead to keep a safe
distance from the rig. The wire is then connected to the delta plate, the extension
wire from the sh ip 's anchor handling drum is also connected to the delta plate at
this time. The laid out surface support pennant is connected to the third end of the
plate. Refer diagram no. 3 for a better understanding
Diagram No.3
103
To deploy the surface suppon buoy, the vessel moves ahead slowly and the
extension wire is paid out till the surface support buoy is over the stem roller and
into the water. See Diagram No .4 & 5
Diagram No.4
Diagram No .5
104
Extens ion anchor wire is then paid out ti ll the soc ket is in the shark jaw and then
disconnected and connected to the anchor. The pennant wire is connected to the
anchor. See Diagram no.6
~.-...... ~
-":'~;;::>-----:
"'----....
~
Diagram No.6
To deploy the anchor on the stem roller, See C hapter V Diagram 110.5, 6, 7 and 8
pg 70-71
c. Anchor line is a chain.
/ - - - 1 D.~.f'!.w'F ..hPI...
ii
:
:
1
:
OBSTRUCTIon
"-----
Diagram No .7
105
./'
---------
If instead of anchor wire, a chain is used the procedure is very similar to that of
the wire.
The crane will lower the anchor chain, the ship 's crew will be ready to connect it
to the tugger and heave till it is into the shark jaw. Once the chain is in the shark
jaw the boat will move ahead to keep clear from the rig.
In diagram no 7 it shows two wires connected to the delta plate, one is connected
to the chain from the rig and one to the anchor.
Two wires are to be on the anchor handling drum after the pennant.
Anchor chain is stowed in the chain locker, anchor and the surface support buoy
as well as the surface support pennant are on the vessel's deck.
Anchor wire on the anchor handling drum is connected to the chain on the shark
jaw. See Diagram no.8
D
Diagram No.8
106
Aftcr connecting, ensure that there is tension on the wire then shark jaw is
released, and the anchor wire is paid out till the socket is on the shark jaw. See
Diagram no.9
Anchor wire 2
Anciwire 1
D
Diagram No .9
Anchor wire no. I is disconnected and then the delta plate is connected to the
anchor wire no 1 and 2 as shown in the diagram no.1 O. Please note that the surface
pennant has already been connected to the delta plate.
Diagram No. 10
107
After the above procedure the anchor wire no. I is paid out till the socket is in the
shark jaw as shown in the diagram no. II
nn
Diagram No. 11
Pennant is now disconnected from the anchor wire no. I and then anchor chain
from the chain locker is connected to the anchor wire no. l . Refer diagram no. 12
Diagram No.12
108
In order to connect the chain, it is easier if there is a length of abou t 5 mtrs left on
the deck forward of the shark jaw. See diagram no.13
- _-- -"""m
Diagram No .1 3
The anchor after being con nected to the chain is the connected to the pennant on
the anchor handling drum as shown in the diagram no. 14. The anchor is now
ready to be deployed.
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/~_
"._._
_ __
_8
Diagram No.14
C. Yokohama
a.
Yokohama fenders can also be used as a support system to keep the anchor
wire clear from the underwater cables! pipes, wellheads etc.
The Yokohama fendcrs are nonnally installed by the barge, but it can al so be
done by the vessel. This systcm does not use a pennant, but instead uses a
wire strop and clamps to achieve the objective of connecting the anchor wire
and kceping it dear of the sub sea structure. See diagram No.IS
Usually this kind of support system is predominantly used for pipe/ cable
lay barges.
YOKAHAMA SUPORT
J--J\ _ I
CLAMP
Diagram No.IS
b. The barge is responsible to calculate the distance from the obstructions and
the length of wire that is to be paid out, and the position of the anchor in
relation to the barge as well as the obstructions.
Barge will instal l the Yokohama as per their calculations.
Anchor handling tug will run the anchor and the barge will payout till the
Yokohama fender is on top of the obstructions.
In the process of running the anchor, it is made certain that therc is sufficient
tcnsion on the system so as to keep the wire clear of the obstruction at all times. It
would follow that the barge cannot payout too fast, or the boat cannot move too
slow. This is called a Static Run.
110
Diagram No.16
Yoko hama
Otlstruction
Diagram No .17
III
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Diagram No.IS
D. Multiple Point Support Mooring ~ Arrangement pre laid awaiting Ba rge
a. Introduction
It is a system wh ich uses two or more surface support buoys wh ich are pre laid,
prior to the arri val of the barge.
This system like the other surface support system is to keep the wire from
damaging sub sea install ation but in thi s case there may be 2 or more sub sea
areas that need to be passed over to lay the anchor.
Amho< Clwn 10
Diagram No .1 9
112
An<l,~,
To carry out this system, additional equipment is needed as shown in the diagram
no. 20. A temporary buoy and a temporary anchor
T'<4-<>"'Y Booy
Diagram No .20
b. Deploy anchor and buoy
1. Anchor on the deck is connected with the anchor chain from the chain locker
and then put on the stem roller. The vessel proceeds to the target.
2. On reachi ng the target the anchor is deployed on the sea bed, the vessel then
moves in the direct ion of the rig ( not in position yel) . The chain is put on the
shark jaw and disconnected from the pig tail chain. See Diagram no 21
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On
S econd O bstructi o n
n
F,rst
Ob",ru~t1o"
Diagram No.2 1
113
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3. Wire rope section 1 is connected to the chain and paid out till the socket is in
the shark jaw and disconnected from the wire rope section no 2.
4. Delta plate is now connected to the WRS I and WRS 2, the support pennant is
al so connected to the delta plate.
5. The wire rope section 2 is paid out till the buoy is deployed and the socket is
in the shark jaw. See Diagram no 22
----~
Diagram No.22
6. Now the socket of the Wire rope section 2 in the shark jaw is now AGAIN
connected to a delta plate, which will also be connected to the wire rope
section 3 and the support pennant for the Second buoy.
7. Wire rope section 3 is paid out till the buoy is deployed and the socket of the
wire is in the shark jaw. See Diagram no.23
Ancb..-C'hoLO. to Ambo,
/
S..,>d ObmuctlQn
Diagram No .23
11 4
"'"
...
'
",,": ,:b,.. 10 An<bo,
Diagram No.24
Note:
At all time.\' throughout the operation of deploying the hllOYl' the lystem mllst
be kept under adeqllate tension so as to keep the wires clear of th e
obstru ction
Every end of the delta plate has a pig tail chain which makes it easier to
COllllect and disconnect. The length of the pig tail elra;n is 1.5-2 mtrs X
3inch
"
11 5
---_.__.-
"
Diagram No.25
........"l;!ji!!!!!!
Diagram No .26
11 6
"
2. Vessel picks up the temporary buoy and puts it on the deck, the pennant
soc ket is put in the shark jaw. The buoy is then disconnected. The work wire
is connected to the pennant wire. See Diagram No.2?
.......
Diagram No.27
3. Pennant wire is heaved up ti ll the anchor is on deck, keep heaving till the
socket of the wire rope section 3 is in the shark jaw.
Diagram No.28
117
4. Disconnect the ground chain from the WRS no. 3, disconnect the pennant wire
from the anchor. Anchor and buoy are now lashed to one side
5. Anchor chain is then connected to the WRS 3.
6. Both the shark jaws are then opened and the wire section 3 and the chain will
be deployed. See diagram no. 29
Diagram No.29
Photo shows the Delta plate with pig tail chain being used to conn ect the anchor
wire and the pennant.
118
..... .
Anchor Chsirl 10
...... ......... /
.......
ltis
....
.-.--~
Fin;1 ob$trucbon
Diagram No.30
2.
Second support buoy is picked up and put on deck, the buoy disconnected
and pennant wire is then connected to the work wire and heaved up. See
Diagram no.31
......
:~"h"L"h.mtorug
........ /
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..............
"'-.
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,WRS2
......
--
Second obstruction
Diagram No.31
119
/'
____
,WRS I
""
n '-''-(
First obstruction
3. Work wire is heaved up till the delta plate connecting the WRS 3 and WRS2
comes on the deck, it is tben put in the shark jaw.
4. Wire rope section 3 is then disconnected from the delta plate and then wire
section no 2 is paid out till the socket of the pennant is in the shark jaw.
?
'\_------z ~~s, A
yz
- '"
.... _____ /
'\.WRS 1
........
nil
Second obsbuction
, ,~
First obs\nlctiou
Diagram No.32
5. Th e buoy is the reconnected to the pennant and re deployed in the water. See
diagram no. 33
First
S~port
Buoy
WRS3
Second obstruction
Diagram No.33
120
First obstruction
6. Vessel backs up to the rig to return the anchor chain which comes with a
30mtr X 3" wire sect ion (Like a messenger). This wire is the one which will
be used to hand over the chain to the rig. The WRS 3 is put on the anchor
handling drum and then disconnected from the chain, the chain is then
reconnected to the messenger wire. Then the WRS 3 is reconnected and the
messenger is then tensioned on the drum, it is then slowly paid out till the
socket of the messenger is in the shark jaw. See Diagram no.34
"
...............
First
obstruction
Second
obstruction
Diagram NO .34
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On
Second
obstmction
Diagram No .35
12 1
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First
ob/;Inlclioll
~9
CHAPTER V III
PRE LAID SYSTEM
A. Introduction
Pre-laid system is, as the name suggests, a system in which the anchor is laid
before the rig arrives the location.
In this system, there used to be a method of using a permanent buoy, as shown in
the diagram below. These days a "Stopper plate" is used with a temporary buoy,
which can later be done away with. This type of system is shown in the diagram
no 2.
SUiface Buoy
--.-.
---__
Anchor wire
---
-------- -._--------\.
D~IJI
Ground chain
'- ~-
plale
"
-'"
-----------"9
Diagram No . 1
At/Ire to
Rig
-........,...... . /
--------.
/ ' ""
S toppa- plate
AJlchorWir~
''-.,
~'''''''~~
Diagram No.2
122
Or oUlld chrrin
--
.... ...
",
.... " ,
-" ,
In water depths of 1000 meters and more a polyester rope is used, in part and the
rest is wires on either side of the rope as shown in the Diagram no.3 . The anchor
used in this kind of a lay is predominantly as Bruce Dcnnla anchor.
Anciooo- Wire 10
~~
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S I"PI'''- 1'1., ..
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Diagram No.3
,I
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: 1NIoII_
C In,ooIIod fT ....od1 0 : ........,
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8714
Bruce Dennla
123
",.""
I. Vessel has to ensure that all the equipment that is gomg to be used in the
operation in at readiness. The anchor, the ground chain, temporary buoy,
chasing collar to be on dec k. Pennants on the drum.
2. Vessel moves in direction of the target, put the anchor to the stem roller. On
arrival at the target area, the anchor is lowered to the seabed.
3. After deploying the anchor the vessel moves in the direction of the rig' s
position and pays out on the wire until the wire socket is in the shark jaw.
4. Once the wi re socket is in the shark jaw, the shark jaw is released and the boat
tensions the system to check the anchor is holding.
Diagram No.4
\0
minimum
6. Once on min power the vessel pays oul the pennant of the temporary buoy
which has been connected to the anchor wire at the time of pre operations
preparation. See Diagram nO .5
7. Once the pennant socket is in the shark jaw, the temporary buoy is connected,
the shark jaw lowered and the buoy deployed.
124
A
'-r"
-----.. -._---------
b.
Hook up
Diagram NO.5
I. Vessel backs up to the rig, picks up the anchor w ire from the rig, moves ahead
to c lear the rig.
2. Wire socket from the rig is put in the shark j aw and then connected to the
work wire for the lime being. The vessel thell proceeds to the temporary buoy
See Di agram 00.6
--.
Diagram No.6
125
3. Once at the buoy, tbe vessel picks it up and puts it on the deck to disconnect.
Tbe pennant socket is put in the shark jaw, buoy is taken off. The work wire
which is previously connected ( temporarily) to the anchor wire socket is now
connec ted to the pennant and the pennant picked up , till the anchor wire
comes to the shark jaw.
4. Pennant w ire is disconnected. It is now ensured that the stopper plate
assembly is slipped in to the chasing co llar, and then connected to the wire
from the rig, the wire to the anchor and the pennant on the drum. Refer
diagram no. 7 & 8
Shark Jaw
Wire Rig
Chasing collar
Wire to Anchor
Stopper Plate
Shark Jaw
Diagram No.7
- ---- -------=;>
Diagram NO.8
126
5. After connecting the anchor wire, rig wire and the pennant as explained
above, the pennant is heaved in to tension the system, after which the shark
jaw is opened.
6. Pennant is lhen lowered. This peMan! is going to act as a pennant chaser. See
diagram nO.9 and 10
Diagram No .9
Diagram No.1 0
127
7. After the anchor is tensioned by the rig, the tension on the vesse l's pennant
will be lost, after which the vessel backs up to the rig and returns the chaser.
See diagram No.11
...
Diagram No.1 1
8. Pennant back on the rig. See Diagram no.12
Diagram No.12
128
Diagram No .1 3
2. Pennant is put in the shark jaw and the work wire connected
3. Shark jaw is opened, the work wire is then paid out till it is 1.5 times the depth
at wh ich the stopper plate is. See diagram no.14
Diagram No .14
129
4. As the pennant chaser comes on the stopper plate, the rig is infonned to slack
on the rig wire. As the rig pays out on the rig wire, the vessel heaves in it 's
work wire. See diagram no.IS and no 16
Diagram No .IS
.~
.~
---~
.~
-------
Diagram No.16
130
- -
5. Continue heaving the work wire 0 11 the vessel till the stopper plate is on the
deck, mainta in adequate tension as the vessel moves in the direction of the
anchor. See diagram no. 17
6. Both the sockets, one fro m the rig wire & one from the anchor wire are put
See
no. 18
into the shark'
Diagram No. I 7
Shark Jaw
Woi R9
Chasing collar
/
Pennant wire to drum
\
Wire to Anchor
Stopper Plate
Shark Jaw
Diagram No .1 8
13 1
7. Both these are disconnected from the stopper assembly, the pennant is also
taken off from the chasing collar and connected to the anchor wire. The
pennant is paid out till the socket is in the shark jaw, the work wire
disconnected and connected to the temporary buoy and the buoy deployed in
the water. See diagram no.19
Diagram No. 19
8. Once the buoy is in the water, the rig is infonned. The rig then heaves in the
wire and the vessel backs up to the ri g maintaining the tension on the system.
Diagram No.20
9.
- --------- '"9
Note:
Diagram No.2l
To carry out an operation of the kind above, the vessel needs to have 2 shark jaws,
or if it only has one, then it needs a minimum of 2 stopper wires to be avai lable.
C. Pre Laid System, (Permanent Buoy)
133
Diagram No.22
6. The pennant is paid out till the pennant soc ket is put Ln the sha rk jaw, the
surface buoy is connected and deployed in the water.
See diagram no.23
,.1.
S mt'ace Buoy
......
----
G rOlUld cilaiu
_--,...............
-------------
Diagram No .23
134
b. Hooking up.
1. Vessel back to the rig and picks up tbe rig wire. See diagram no.24
Diagram No.24
2. The rig wire socket is put in the shark jaw, the work wire is then cormected to
the rig wire. The vessel then moves in the direction of the buoy. See diagram
no.25
Anchor wire
Diagram No.25
135
-..........
............
--'"
Diagram No.26
4. Buoy is lassoed and brought on to the deck, the buoy is the disconnected from
the pennant and the work wire, which is connected to the rig wire is
disconnected and then connected to the pennant. See diagram 110.27
Anchor wire
Diagram NO.27
136
5. Work wire is heaved on till socket o r the anchor wire is in the shark jaw. Sec
diagram no.28 & 29
AlJchor wire
Diagram No.28
Wire to rig
Wire to anchor
Diagram No.29
137
Wife
Wire to rig
~anChO'
Diagram No.30
7. The pennant is paid oul till the delta plate is in the water and the soc ket of the
pennant is in the shark jaw. See diagram no .31
Anchor wire
Diagram No.3 l
138
8. Buoy is then connected to the pennant and deployed in the water. See diagram
no.32
Qrol.Uld chain
Diagram No .32
c. Retrieving Rig Wire
1. Vessel back to the buoy, lassoes it and the buoy is brought on to the deck .
Diagram No.33
139
2. Pennant wire is put into the shark jaw, buoy disconnectcd, work wi rc
connected to the pennant and then heaved on till the delta plate is on deck and
the anchor wire socket is in the shark jaw. See diagram nO.34
,
ItJ
---------- ",
~.~
..I.
"
""......' .
- _._ .. __..
Diagram No.34
3. Disconnect the rig wire from the delta plate. See diagram no. 35 & 36
Anchorwir~
Diagram No.35
140
Pennant wire
-----Ir-~O~~-"@--"=~-~----Anchor wire
Diagram No .36
4. Pennant wire is paid out, till the socket of the pennant is in the shark jaw.
Anchor wire
Diagram No.37
141
Diagram No .38
6. Once the buoy is deployed, the rig is informed. The rig then heaves on the rig
wire, the vesse l moves slowly to the rig and maintains adequate tension on the
wire. See diagram no. 39
Diagram No.39
142
Anchor wire
Diagram NoAO
d. Retrieving Anchor
I. Vessel backs to the buoy, the buoy is lassoed and brought on deck, the
pennant is then connected to the work wire and the work wire is heaved on,
till the delta plate is on the deck.
2. Anchor wire socket is put in the sbarkj aw, the delta plate is then disconnected
and now the pennant is connected to the anchor wire. See diagram noA2
Surface Buoy
Ground chain
------------~
-"-------
Diagram No.4 l
143
----
-----~
Diagram No.42
3. The anchor wire is then heaved till the angle of the wire is close to vertical ,
the vesse l's heading is then changed by 180 degrees to ensure that the anchor
flips over and is easier it retrieve thence. Thi s shall also avoid and damage to
the anchor. See diagram no.43
Diagram No.43
144
4. Anchor wire is heaved up slowly while the vessel moves ahead slowly. See
diagram no. 44
-"'-
-,
Diagram No.44
3. As the wire leads slowly astern, the vessel is then slowed down . The pennant
wire length should then be about 1.25 times the water depth. At thi s point the
winch is stopped and brakes are on . The vessel the moves slowly ahead lill the
tension builds, once the system is tensioned the boat can increase power to get
the anchor clear of the bottom. See diagram 00.45 & 46
This procedure is to avoid any damage to the flukes of the anchor and al so it is
easier to retrieve the anchor from the bottom.
I
I
I
I
I
I
-=;;
Diagram No.45
145
....
Diagram No .46
5. Continue heaving on deck (ill the anchor is on deck. See diagram no.47
Diagram No .47
146
6. Before hanging the anchor on the stem ro ll er ensure that the flukes of the
anchor are pointing outwards and away from the vesse l's stem. See diagram
no.4 8
Diagram No.48
Deck crew shown connecting the chain.
\47
CHAPTER IX
PIGGY BACK ANCHOR
A. Introduction
Piggy back system of anchors is a system which uses 2 or more ancho rs on the
same wirelchain which enhances the holding power of the system. See diagram
no. I, 2, 3 and 4
1. The illustration be low depicts the use of two Stevpris anchors, the pennant of
the piggy back is connected on to the pad eye of the main anchor whi ch is j ust
behind the anchor.
Thi s kind of a system (the one shown below) is used without a pcnnanent
buoy and is hence used in FPSO ' s, SBM's and al so the pre laid system .
Diagram No.1
2. The piggy back system shown below is used with a pennanent blloy and is
used typically on tender barges.
~
I'----
-'& ~
Diagram No.2
148
~ - --~ ~
3. Piggy back system that is shown below, is a system that is used on rigs, the rig
pec is used as a wire to connect the piggy back anchor. Also thi s system does
use a surface buoy, but in this case, the pennant of the surface buoy is
connected to the pad eye on the Piggy back anchor and not on the main
anchor. There are times when the rig may need more length on the wire of the
piggy back anchor, in which case there is a extens ion wire that is then
connected to the PCe. See diagram no.3
/) ~
"
'1)
v
Diagram No.3
4. System shown below combines a Stevpris anchor and a Flipper delta anchor.
See diagram no.4
() ~
J/
Diagram No.4
149
.#'~
Prior to the ops, the piggy back, the main anchor and the surface buoy should
be on deck. The piggy back pennant and the surface buoy pennant should be
on the drum.
2. Vessel backs to the rig and picks up the anchor wire. See diagram nO.5
Diagram No.5
150
Diagram No.6
8. Once the socket of the piggy back pennant is in the shark jaw, it is
disconnected from the buoy pennant. The Piggy back anchor is the connected
to the anchor wire. The pennant of the buoy is connected to the pad eye
located behind the piggy back.
9.
Once. thcse connections are done, the pennant is the paid out on. See diagram
no.7
Diagram NO.7
151
10. The pennant is slacked on till the piggy back is on the sea bed. See diagram
no .8
,
,~~
;t'
.'!
.. ,
.~'
Diagram NO .8
11 . Once the piggy back is on the seabed, the pennant is paid out till the socket of
the pennant is in the shark jaw. Disconnect the pennant from the work wire.
13. Surface buoy is then connected. See diagram no.9
Diagram No.9
152
14. Buoy is thcn dep loyed to the water. . See diagram 110.10
Diagram No.1 0
C. Deploying a piggy back anchor without a permanent buoy.
This system is used on FPSO's and SSM 's . It uses a temporary buoy as shown in
the diagram. Thi s is a procedure which is carried out prior to the FPSO's arri val.
Diagram no. I I is dcpicting a pre lay with the anchor chain still connected to the
tcmporary buoy.
I Tcmporary buoy I
-tJ
Pennant wire
I
I
.---------------~
~:.:::::.:~:=.. ...t
-----..-----_._.\
/
-. ~~.~~.-
h
!:::'::,
f PSO
~~
~.
~----<- _..
Diagram No.12
a.
1. The vessel moves towards the target where the piggy back is to be deployed,
white paying out on the chain/wire. See diagram 13
Diagram No. 13
154
2. Piggy back anchor is deployed on the sea bed. Sec diagram no.14.
The anchor chain of the piggy back is then connected to the pad eye of the
main anchor.
... . .
Diagram No. 14
3. The main anchor is then put on the stem roller and is then paid out on the sea
bed. See Diagram nO . 15
.J.
. ....
,,-J>,,
\,
~\ ,
\
'-"
'"
'-."
Diagram No. I S
155
",
....
4. Vessel then moves ahead and keeps paying out on the chain till the pig tail
chain from the chain locker is on deck. At this time, it is put in the shark jaw.
See Diagram no.16
Diagram No.16
5. Pig tail chain is di sconnected from the anchor chain , the pennant from the
anchor handling drum is then connected to the anchor chain. The pennam is
then paid out till the socket is in the shark jaw.
6. Temporary buoy is connected to the pennant and deployed in the water. See
diagram nO . 17
Diagram NO.17
156
,,
I
i
Diagram No.1?
Diagram No.I S
157
3. Pennant wire is then heaved on till the piggy back is off the bottom. See
diagram no.19
,t
~ ,'
,'
>~,
Diagram No .19
4. Piggy back anchor comes over the stem roller and onto the deck. See diagram
no.20
Diagram No.20
158
5. Once the piggy back anchor is on deck, the socket of the piggy back anchor
wire is put in the shark jaw and the piggy back anchor is disconnected as well
as the buoy pennant
6. Pi ggy back anchor is put to the side and secured. The pennant wire
IS
connected to the piggy back anchor wire and heaved on. Sec diagram no.2t
1-------------------------------
-.I /
Diagram No.21
7. Once the main anchor is on deck , it is disconnected from the anchor wire as
well as the pelmant wire. Vessel then backs to the rig to return thc wire. Sce
diagram no.22
Diagram No.22
159
Diagram No .23
160
C HA PT ER X
FI S HING AN D GRA PPLING OPERA n ON
A. Introduction
Fishing and grapp ling operation are essentiall y done when the normal methods of
anchor handling cannot be employed. Th e fo llowing are the some of the
possibilities in wh ich the above operation wi ll need to be carried out.
I.
2. pee parts.
3. Pennant wire is inadvcrtcnl ly released from the shark jaw and slips over the
stem roller.
The equipment used for fi shing and grappling is of3 types, as listed below
,-
'0'
, '
,, ''
"
J-Hook
Chasing Block
Grapnel
J-hook - This is useful when the ancho r line being used is a chain/wire.
Chasin g Block - The chasing bl ock is used for the purpose of retrieving w ires
only.
161
diagram no. J.
2. J- hook is put on the stem roller and then paid out as required.
3. The vessel then proceeds in a direction perpendi cular to the lay of the chaser
wire.
Diagram No. 1
4. The vessel lowers enough length on the work wire, so that it is below the
depth of the anchor wire at that point. See Diagram no.2
~---~--Diagram No.2
162
5. Once the work wire has made contact with the anchor wire, it is heaved on.
6. When the J hook has hooked onto the anchor wire, the vessel then moves
towards the anchor, maintaining adequate tension but slacking on the work
wire as well to compensate for the increasing depth. The total amount of work
wire paid out shou ld be approx. 1.5 times the depth in which the anchor lies.
See diagram no.3 & 4
Diagram NO.3
./
...
"
/
Diagram No.4
163
7. As the J hook reaches the anchor, the vessel increases power in order to
dislodge the anchor from its holding position. See diagram no.S
Diagram No.5
8. As the anchor dislodges from the bottom, the engine power is then redu ced,
the work wire is heaved on while still moving ahead. See diagram !lo.6
Diagram NO .6
164
9. As the anchor comes of the bottom, the vessel keeps moving ahead to keep the
anchor securely in the J-hook as well as to maintain the tension on the anchor
wire. See diagram no.7
Diagram No.7
10. As the anchor comes close to the stern roller while being picked up, it has to
be ensured that the fluke s are pointing outwards and away from the stern so as
to get the anc hor on the deck with ease (Stevpris, Bruce anchor). See diagram
no.8
Diagram No.8
165
, . _. ,
.-
lS
110
.,'
,
I,
"
!
B>' " I)
,
:>.
Diagram No .9
2. Barge heaves on the chasing block assembly to create a bit of slack. the vessel
then backs to the barge, the pig tai l cha in of the chasing block is handed over
to the vessel which wil l connect it to the tugger. See diagram no.\O
"
. . -.
,-
I
1
1
"
:to
,,'~. -J~~!
.
Diagram No .10
166
3. The tugger is then heaved on to get the pig tail chain of the chasing block in
the shark jaw, once there the tugger is disconnected and the work wire
connected. See diagram no II
Diagram No. II
4. The shark jaw is then released and the work wire is paid out as the vessel
moves ahead in direction of the anchor target. See diagram no.12
Diagram No.12
167
5. VesseI"keeps moving ahead and paying out on the work wire till the paid out
length is approx. equal to 1.5 times the depth in which the anchor is laid. See
diagram no.I3
Diagram No.! 3
6. Once the chasing block reaches the anchor, the vessel's engine power
increased just to dislodge the anchor f.rom the bottom. See Diagram no.! 4
reb!
r
Diagram NO.14
168
IS
7. Once the anchor is picked up the engine power is reduced and the work wire
is heaved on till the anchor is on the stem roller. See diagram no.15
Diagram No. 15
8. There are 2 methods in which the anchor ca n be ha nded back to the rig:
a. It can be done by the means of the chasing block assembly.
b. Alternatively the anchor & the chasi ng block is disconnected and only the
anchor wire is returned
Diagram No. 16
169
10. It is necessary to maintain the tension in order to prevent the ancho. from
falling off the stem roller. See di agram no.17 .
Diagram No.17
11. Once the vessel has backed sufficiently close to the rig, the rig is informed to
stop heaving on the anchor wire in order to let the crew on the vessel to
disconnect the pig tail chain of the chasing block from the work wire and then
the chasing block can the be handed over to the rig. See Diagram no.18
Diagram No.I8
170
Diagram No.1 9
In case the rig wants the anchor and the chasing block to be disconnected the
following is the procedure for the same:
Once the anchor wire socket is in the shark jaw, then the anchor is disconnected,
the chasing block is disconnected and so is the work wire.
The vessel then backs to the rig as the ri g heaves on the wire, the vessel keeps the
tension on the wi re to ensure better spoo ling on the rig side drum.
Note:
These days this system is not used as freq uently. Normally the AHTS 's are
provided only with a J-Hook which is far easier to handle and since the J hook is
far more versati le in its usc .
This method has been inc luded io this book so as to enable the reader to be aware
of the system.
171
Diagram No.20
I. The grapnel which is connected with the stud link chain is connected to the
work wire on the cnd of the stud link chain. The grapnel is thcn put on the
stcm roller and the vessel proceeds to the position.
2. Once the vesse l is close to the position, it pays out 2.5 to 3 times the depth on
its work wire, and then proceeds slowly to cross the anchor chain at a ncar
perpendicular. See diagram no.21
Diagram No 2 1
172
3. Once the grapnel picks up the anchor chain , the vessel is stopped in the water
The work wire is the heaved on till the grapnel is on the vessel's deck. See
diagram no.22 and 23
---_"'1:'"
Diagram No.22
4. The r.rocedure of picking up the chain on the grapnel may not be successful
on the first try, that would need the vessel to tum around and do one more
crossing but at a slower speed than the first one so as to ensure that the
sleeping chain is on the bottom.
Diagram No .23
173
5. After the grapnel is decked the chain leading to the anchor should be put in
the shark jaw. See diagram no.24
It may not always be possible to easily make out which of the two parts of
th e chain actually goes to the anchor. There is a easy way of findin g out.
T he vessel moves slowly ahead as the chain tens ion out the chain leadin g
to th e anchor will have visibly more lension while th e other does not.
Diagram No .24
5.
The chain which does not lead to the anchor, is picked up on the deck. it 's
end is connected to the pig tail chain from the chain locker and the chain is
then lead into the chain locker. See diagram no.25
']1
~
/'1. J
./(t~-fl}
J~I
,'- ,y
,~
Diagram No.25
174
.)
work wire on the end of the stud link chain. The grapnel is then put on the
stem roller and the vessel proceeds to the position
2. Once the vessel is close to the posi tion, it pays out 2.5 to 3 times the depth on
its work wire, and then proceeds slow ly to cross the anchor wire at a near
perpendicular. See diagram no. 25
,
Diagram No.25
175
4. Once the vessel picks up tbe wire the vessel is stopped in the water, and the
work wire is heaved on till the grapnel is decked. See diagram no.26
Diagram No . 26
5. While picking up the work wire along with the grapnel , the vessel needs to
keep some amount of tension on the system so that the wire does not slip out
of the grapnel, but the tension should be JUS! adequate. See diagram no.27
Diagram No. 27
176
6. After decking the grapnel, the wires should ideally be put into the towing pin,
aI least the one which leads to the anchor. See diagram no.28
Ib
Diagram No.28
7. Once the wire leading to the anchor is put into the shark jaw, the work wire is
then paid out till the grapnel is against the shark jaw. The tugger wire is then
connected to the wire which is NOT leading to the anchor behind the socket
by means of a small chain bight or a shackle. Sec diagram no.29
.......
\.
-------.....
~-'-----------~,-----j
Diagram No .29
177
8. In order to disengage the wire from the grapnel the second tugger is connected
to the grapnel as show in the diagram no. 30. Once the second tugger is
connected then the tugger connected to the free end of the anchor wire is then
heaved on
Diagram NO.3D
9. Both the tuggers can now be heaved on simultaneously so that the wire will
disengage from the grapnel at the same time the grapnel will move to one
side. See diagram no. 3 [
Diagram No.31
178
10. Tugger wire connected to the anchor wire is slacked to avoid unnecessary
tension on the tugger wire, till the socket is in the shark jaw. See diagram
no.32
'il
./'"'1
//
Kt
h n nJj
8
--\:'3
~
'C
Diagram No.32
I I. Since the illustrations show a vessel which has only one set of towing pin and
one karm fork, we will show the method in which a Pelican Hook can be used
to disconnect the socket. This system is not preferred by some companies
these days and can be forbidden from use. The use of Pelican hooks is a high
risk operation and there need to be extra precautions taken to reduce the risk s
involved.
Pelican hook is a manual stopper which comes in vari ous sizes, it can be used
to take from 10 t uplO 110 t.
Closed
,,""'=
Pelican Hook
179
12. lo order to disconnect the sockets, the Pelican hook is put on the wire outside
the towing pin (th is is the wire which does not lead to the anchor). The tugger
is then connected behind the socket on the same wi re. See diagram no.34
Diagram No.34
13. After disconnecting the sockets the tugger is then paid out till the socket
comes fast on the Pelican hook. Once in the Pelican hook, the work wire is
'"
Diagram No.35
180
14. Work wire is then heaved on till the tension on the Pelican is hook is taken off
the heaving on the work wire is now paused. Once the Pelican hook is free of
any tension it can be opened and the tugger wire can also be disconnected.
After this the work wire is heaved on to spool the wire into the handling drum.
See Diagram no.36
Diagram No.36
15.ln the diagram no.37, the vessel is shown to have 2 sets of towing pins and 2
Karm forks, this makes the above operation safer and the use of Pelican hook
unnecessary.
Diagram No.37
181
Photograph shows a vessel with 2 sets of towing pins and 2 Karm forks.
KARM FORK
Photograph shows a vessel with only one sct of towing pins and one Kaml fork .
KARM FORK
182
Photograph s shows the vessel with 2 sets of lowing pins and 2 Shark jaws, one of
the shark jaws in open position and the other is closed.
SHARK JAW
183
CHAPTER XI
HANDLING CHAIN
A. Introduction
The operation of handling anchors and chain is one that involves a 101 or hard
work; it can be exhausting and exhilarating all at the same time. Done
professionally, it can be a very rewarding experience.
For these operations in volving chains, vessel's with high power ratings aTC used.
as well the vessel shall have a heavy duty winch as nannalty the chains used are
of 3 inches and above.
These chains arc normally used by semi submersi bl es, FPSQ's and drilling ships.
or at times by barges.
In order to be efficient in the operation and to derive a satisfactory result, we need
to follow the 3 methods li sted below
I. Understand the scope of the job.
2. The vessel's crew needs to explained the plan and procedure expected from
them.
3. The equipment involved in the operation has to be in a good condition and
ready to use,
A small AHT shown taking the chain into it 's chain locker.
184
Deck crew is shown putting tack welds as additional locking on the shack le.
There are times when the cha in maybe laid out on the deck . Following maybe
some of the reasons why there would be a need to do so :
I. The size of the gypsy is incompatible with that of the chain.
2. Chain locker cannot contain the full length of the chain within.
185
Anchor handling vessel in the process of hooking up the FPSQ. The pig \ail chain
is about to be connected to the anchor chain.
186
- d
Cornmon link
i Co,mmo n l lilk
Diagram No .1
187
2. Diagram no.2 shows the chain ranged on deck bc ing put into the chain locker,
by means of a pig tail chain.
Pig tail chain is a chain that serves the purpose of a messenger to carry the
chain from the deck, spool over the gypsy and into the chain locker and vice
versa.
RHkj;
M
\=\
1=1
lin
DO
....
--Diagram No.2
188
3. The pig tail chain is connected to the chain which is to be pUl into the chain
locker. See diagram no. 3
~H kt
M
r't=t
\=\
...
vO
0
~
Diagram No.3
189
---
Pig tail
chain
3. The pig tail chain is connected to the chain which is to be put into the chain
locker. See diagram no.3
R H kj
'1
'"/::I
\.,
pO
'"
Diagram No.3
189
V ----
Pig tail
chain
D. To lead the chain from the rig into the chain locker.
I. Anchor chain connected to the pennant is put into the shark jaw. See diagram
no.4
Diagram No.4
190
2. After discon necting the pennant, a small rope of 25 mtrs length and about Yz
inch dia is connected to the pennant and the pennant is the coiled onto the
drum. The rope serves as a way of securing the socket on the drum . Thi s may
need to be done, if the gypsy and the anchor handlin g drum cannot be
di sengaged from each other.
This ensures that at the time of putting the chain into the chain locker, the wire
and the socket do not move around or slack on their own. See diagram no.5
Diagram No.5
19 1
3. Pig tail wire is connected 10 the tugger wire which is lead arollnd the towing
pin and then the tugger is heaved as the gypsy slacks to lead the pig tail chain
to the chain at the shark jaw. See d iagram 00.6
Diagram No .6
192
4. Pig tail chain being brought out should ideally come out with a small lateral
separation to the chain at the shark jaw, to faci litate an easy connect. See
diagram no .7
Di agram No. 7
193
5. Pig tail chain is connected to the chain, the shark jaw is opened and the gypsy
heaves to stan picking up the chain into the chain locker. See Diagram no. 8
~HMI::j
~
""1=1
"
)0
---
Diagram No.8
194
----
Photo is a close up of the delta plate shown of the double chain above.
195
CHAPTER XII
USEFUL TABLE, FORMULA AND DATA .
A. Mooring line calculation - Formula abbreviation
T
Of
catenary (
points of suspension
d
Catenary depth distance of lowest point of mooring line below sea surface
when suspended between barge and work boat
Not on unit
Imperial units
Note
I kip
9.81kn
1000 Ibs
~
101.94 kg
196
~==~+---+c~~----------------------------------------- Seasu~ace
d - Distance from
suspension
point to seabed
---'--------,,------------------------------""0-:,----------Seabed
'~
.'
Horizontal
component of
line tension
197
, ~ -/.~_""
a. Suspended length
T
I,
1,
1 '
,1
T.,CO'"' [; ]
s -
Iw .,
d. Vertical tension
c. Horizontal tension
V
T
T
--------------~+-~H
i
V
j
r.
c. Catennary depth
J,.[ w,],
~~.
TS
198
D. Calculated Example:
A. A semi submers ible has 1400mtrs of chain on each mooring line chain
size 76mm diameter ORQ-3. [fit is to be moored in [80 meters of
water, what will be the suspended length and the touchdown point of
the mooring lines when the barge experiences survival stann
(approximately Y:z breaking strain) .
Draft mooring line fairleads are 8 meters below [he surface .
"
.....,
,
,, '
,,
rl 172
lROm
"-- -
Touchdown
T
D~ _
- d CosH -1 W-
-d
W
s=
236000
2x 172x
-17z2
D~
118
S ~688000 - 29584
s~
658416
s = 811.4
meter
236000
11 8
D = 1828 CosH-l
Gooo]
~828
D ~ 1828 x 0.43
199
D = 786.0 mete r
CHAPTERxm
SAFETY PROCEDURES
A. Introduction
The Anchor handling operations have always carried a certain amount of risks.
which lead to near misses, accidents and at times fatalities. The operation needs to
be carri ed out only after the risk analysis has been done, the hazard level lowered
to an acceptable level. It is of Paramount importance that the " Safety First" motto
be taken extremely seriously.
Towards this end it is important and it cannot be stressed enough that the vessel is
properly equipped, there is clarity on the kind of operation to be carried out, the
crew has the professional knowledge and the safety awareness to do the same.
This chapter outlines the safety procedures which are not all encompassing but the
salient points that need to be looked at.
OD
I. Anchor patterns to be discussed, the procedure and order in which the anchors
have to be run or retri eved
2. Method of com munication and the frequencies to be used.
3. Whilst the rig is under tow, contingency plans to need to be drawn to take care
of possible emergenci es .
4. Survey equipment that is to be used should be insta lled pri or commencing the
operations .
5. Inspection of the equipment that is involved should be carried o ut.
200
G. Lighting.
Good ligh ting is difficult to achieve on the stem end of a anchor handler for close
up work, despite the modem ships having large arrays of floodlights.
Temporary power leads could be rigged on each side of the deck between
bulwarks and crash rail and a water proof portable Halogen floodli ght witb 10-15
mtrs of cable could be used. Water proof sockets are used on the ends of the
power leads. Thi s lamp cou ld be directed to the shark jaws. It is important to
ensure that the vesse l has enough spares.
are effective in
professional but
be designated to
Master.
20 1
Exampl e:
Time
Re[rieyin~
anchor (PCC)
Description
Arrival al bar.2;e
chase permant connected
Start chase out
Anchor off the bottom
Anchor at roller
Anchor racked
Pennant handed back
Remarks
Description
Pennanl pee connected
Anchor at roller
Start run out
Anchor on bottom
Chaser stripped off
Pennant handed back
Remarks
Anchor No.
Description
Buoy on deck
Anchor off the bottom
Anchor at roller
Anchor racked
Pennant handed back
Remarks
Anchor No.
Remarks
Anchor No.
M. Check List
I Vessel:
No
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
I Location:
I Date:
Items Check
Meeting Held on Board, discussions include:
Pennant Lengths
Links
Sequence of Anchor handling
Tow Routes
Navigation warni ~ _
Stand otT posi tion
BA Charts updated and Charter Charts
available
VHF working Channel agreed CH:
Alternative Channel agreed CH:
Deck Space C lear
Towing, work and tugger wires in good
condition
Towing, workin g and tugger winches
operational
Towing pins tested and operational
Shark Jaws/Karm forks operational
Stem roller in good working order
Sufficient Spare Shackles, sp lit pins and wires
Engines and Thruster in good working order
Navigational equipment in good working order
Light and day signal s available/working
Job Hazard Analysis with crew carried out
Designated person to direct lifting operations
with rig, Banks man jacket available
Towing stretcher ready, inspected, good
condition
Hand-over of low between tug and tow master
discussed
Routine and emergency communications
agreed upon telephone numbers exchanged
Master Name: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Master 's Signature: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
203
N. Hand Signal
HAND SIGNAL FOR C RAN OPERA TOR
~ .
b;1T:'
~J
c.:o ley-
,.
\,)
STOP
\'~~r
\ , ,,I
,
~_
EMERGENCY STOP
fA
~I\-
HOIST
(~~-!>
LOWER
q.:::), -"~
~[!
15
!~~
JIB UP
DERRICK ING JIB
~~
~':_;';'
(
~,:
lti
/<~[;
"
JIB DOWN
"..
q\~
RETRA~ JIB
EXTEND JIB
TELESCOPING JIB
-"
p~~
- -
~~'r
~
OPERATIONS CEASE
204
BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. Mic hael Hancox Oil Field Seamanship anchor bandling Volume 4
2. OLFINSA Safe anchor handling and lowing.
3. Guidelines for the safe management of offshore suppl y and anchor
hand lin g operation
205