Nama Kelompok:

Nurfauziyah (G11116316)
Ridahwati (G11116313)
Siti Raihanah (G11116311)
Musdalifa (G11116304)
Exercise 6
Surprising Sources of Disease
People who work in large office buildings get sick more often than normal. They may have
headaches, stomachaches, or sore, red skin. The reason for this lies in the buildings themselves. These
large buildings usually have windows that cannot be opened. The same air stays in the building for a long
time and becomes unhealthy. It may be full of chemicals that come from the furniture, the rugs, or the
photocopy machines. Or it may be full of cigarette smoke. This unhealthy air causes "sick building
syndrome," as doctors call this problem. In order to cure the people with this syndrome, it is necassary to
treat the building. The answer is simple: more fresh air.
Topic
: Sick building syndrome
Main Idea
: People who work in large office buildings get sick more often than normal.
Did you know that you could get sick from a pet reptile? In the 1960s, little turtles were very
popular as pets in the United States. Then doctors discovered that these turtles sometimes were sick with
an infection called salmonella. People who touched the turtles could catch this infection and become
seriously ill. In 1975, the U.S. government banned these turtles as pets. Now doctors think that people,
especially small children, can get the same infection from another kind of pet: the iguana. The iguana is a
reptile like a turtle and has recently become a favorite pet in many American homes. The government may
have to ban these animals, too. For now, doctors say that people should wash their hands very carefully
after touching an iguana.
Topic
: Get sick from a pet reptile
Main Idea
: Pet reptile may cause infection to human
Do you like your meat nicely browned, or even a little black on the outside? If you do, you should
perhaps change your tastes. Scientists have found that meat cooked this way can cause cancer. One
hamburger or one steak will not give you cancer, of course. But you should probably not eat browned
meat every day. This is especially true for children. Children who grow up on a regular diet of browned
hamburgers have a much higher risk of cancer. This risk can be prevented by cooking meat in another
way. Adding soybeans to the hamburger meat also removes the factors that cause cancer.
Topic
: The cause of cancer
Main Idea
: Meat nicely browned that can cause cancer.

Exercise 7
Peoples Ideas About World Geography
1.

What Happens when you ask someone to draw a map of the world? The results can be very
interesting. Few people, in fact, have a very accurate idea of what the world looks like. You
might expect some mistakes in the positions of the countries. After all, this is a task that
requires a certain skill with a pencil and a good memory. But many people do not even know
the relative size of the continents. They tend to enlarge them or make then smaller, according
to their point of view. For this reason, the home continent of South America, while a
Vietnamese enlarges Asia.

Topic : What the world looks like

Main Idea : Few people, in fact have a very accurate idea of what the world look like.
2.
Another common error is the tendency to make Europe too large and Africa too small.
People from all parts of the world tend to draw the world this way, including the Africans!
There are several factors that may be involved here. One factor may be the influence of old
maps made with the Mercator projection. This technique for drawing maps makes areas
nearer the North Pole, including Europe, seem extra large. Other area in the middle, such as
Africa, seem smaller than reality. However, the Mercator maps also enlarge Greenland and
Canada, and people usually do not make mistakes about their size. Thus, a better explanation
must lie peoples ideas about the relative importance in peoples minds. Similarly, Africa
becomes smaller because people feel it is unimportant.
Topic : Tendency of Europe and African
Main Idea : Another common eror is the tendency to make Europe too large anda Africa to
small.
3. Ignorance about the African continent has led to some enormous errors in map making. One
of the errors now seems quite incredible. In the late 18 th century, a European explorer reported
seeing mountains in southern Mali. From the report, a map maker drew in a long line of
mountains. These Kong Mountains, as he called them, appeared on almost all maps of
Africa in the 19th century. They seemed to be an important feature of the continental
geography. European politicians and traders made decisions based on their belief in the
existence of these mountains.Finally, in the late 1880s, a French explorer proved that there
were no mountains in that part of Africa. Only then did the Kong Mountains disappear
from maps of Africa.
Topic : Kong Mountains
Main Idea : An European explorer reported seeing mountains in southern Mali.

Exercise 8

The Exxon Valdez Oll Splll

1. On March 24,1989, an enormous ship called the Exxon Valdez was traveling along the coast of
Alaska. It was carryng about 50 million gallons of petroleum from the Alaskan oil fields. In
Prince William Sound, the captain ran the ship aground. Some of the ships tanks broke open and
about 10.8 million gallons of petroleum poured out into the sound. It took three years and over
10.000 workers to clean up the oil. In te court case about the accident, the judges decided that the
Exxon Company was responsible. The company had to pay $900 million for damages. Even that
large sum was not enough to pay for all the workers, equipment,and research that was necessary.
The total cost of the clean-up effort was about $ 2.5 billion.
Topic : Oil spill
Main Idea : the ship tanks who carryng petroleum was broke open and make the petroleum
poured out into the sound
2. A tourist passing through Prince William Sound today probably would see no sign of the 1989 oil
spill. The coast is once more a spectacular, wild place with clean water and beaches. However,to
a more experienced eye, the scenery is not quite the same as before. For one thing, the beaches
are too clean. The workers used hot water to clean oil off the rocks and sand. But in the process
they also killed many kinds of marine plants. Rockweed , for example, is a brown plant that
grows on rocks and in shallow water. Before the clean-up, it was very common along that coast,
but afterwards it almost completely disappeared. Another difference is the decrease in the bird
population. Over half million birds were especially unfortunate. Researchers guess that their
populations declined by up to 70-80 %.
Topic : Impact of oil spill
Main Idea : direct result of the oil spill make the coast more spectacular. But, also killed many
kind of marine and bird population
3. As scientists study the effect of the Valdez oil spill, they are discovering new problems. The oil
not only caused the immediate deaths of many animal. It also had longer term effect on many
other animals. The harbor seal (a marine mammal) is one example. At first, scientists hoped that
the seals would stay away from the areas where there was oil. But instead, the seal swam right
throught the oil and came out on oily beaches. Scientist noted that these seals seemed sick, and in
fact many disapeared. At an earlier counting in 1975, there wee about 13,000 harbor seals in
Prince William Sound. After the spill, they suffered some brain damage. This may have caused
the seal to become confused and drown. The oil also seems to have affected the ability of female
seals to have healty babies. In the year after the soil spill, there were many more deaths than usual
among baby seals
Topic : new problem of oil spill
Main Idea : The scientists study doscovering if the oil spill also had longer effect on many othe
animals