Physics 211

Clicker f AD

1D motion
Lec 2 Plan
1.Problem solving
2.Relating velocity and position
3.averages vs instantaneous
http://www.stack.com/a/sprinting-form

Office hours of Dr. Leblond

W 1:30-3:30 pm
R 10:00 - 11:50 am
in Osmond 215

Messages

Readings
C 2.1-2.3

Drop deadline is 08/27 and add is 08/28

PS 01 due 09/01
Attitude survey in Angel due on 09/02 (1% participation)
Look at Piazza, link on Angel

211 Instructional Team

Tongzhou Zhao

Recitation TA

Songyang Pu

Bailey Bedford

Jordan Rozum

Lab TA

Qingze Wang

Tae Ken Kim

Steven Consevage

Parul Maheshwari

Martinus Van Kuppeveld

Jonathan Guglielmon

Yifan Zhao

Wuqiong Chai

Fan Zhou

Building blocks
what the world is made of

space
Kinematics

Laws of physics
rules of the game

Inertial frames
Relative motion

time

Rigid bodies, inertia

center of mass
particles
waves

oscillations,

Dynamics
Laws of motion
Newton
why and how things move

work, power
energy

Conservation of Energy
and momentum

momentum
Linear, angular

Classical Mechanics

Review from first lecture

~v0
x

in 1D, position is

x = xf

xi

vavg,x
vx =

x
xf
=
t
tf

aavg,x
ax =

vx
vf x
=
t
tf

xi
ti
vix
ti

t = tf

ti

CQ: Difference between speed and

velocity
A. Velocity is represented by an exact number, while
speed is only approximate.
B. Speed can be positive or negative, while velocity is
always positive.
C. Speed is a scalar, which is the magnitude of the
velocity, which is a vector.
D. Velocity is a scalar and speed is a vector.
E. Speed and velocity mean the same thing.

CQ: Difference between speed and

velocity
A. Velocity is represented by an exact number, while
speed is only approximate.
B. Speed can be positive or negative, while velocity is
always positive.
C. Speed is a scalar, which is the magnitude of the
velocity, which is a vector.
D. Velocity is a scalar and speed is a vector.
E. Speed and velocity mean the same thing.
In science, it is very important to
use the correct words

CQ Ants
An ant zig-zags back and forth on a picnic table as shown.

The ants distance traveled and displacement are

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

50 cm and + 50 cm.
30 cm and + 50 cm.
50 cm and + 30 cm.
50 cm and 50 cm.
50 cm and 30 cm.

CQ Ants

x
xf
=
t
tf

vavg,x
vx =

xi
ti

An ant zig-zags back and forth on a picnic table as shown.

x = xf

xi

The ants distance traveled and displacement are

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

50 cm and + 50 cm.
30 cm and + 50 cm.
50 cm and + 30 cm.
50 cm and 50 cm.
50 cm and 30 cm.

If the motion lasted 3 seconds.

What is the average velocity?
magnitude of average velocity?
.average speed?

vavg,x
vavg

= (10 cm - 40 cm)/(3 s) = - 10 cm/s

= 10 cm/s

average speed = distance traveled/time = 50cm/3s = 17 cm/s

Terminology
speed: magnitude of velocity

scalar
Vector
v = 2 m/s

average speed: distance traveled

over total time
Velocity= displacement per unit of time

vx = +2 m/s

distance= full amount of meters traveled

during the motion

displacement: vector from start to end

position

~r

CQ: Average velocity

In each case, a sphere is moving from left to right next to a tape
marked in meters. A strobe (flash) photograph is taken every second,
and the location of the sphere is recorded. Rank the average velocity
over the first 3 seconds from slowest to fastest

I
I

II
III

A) I < II < III

B) I < II = III

C) III < I < II

CQ: Average velocity

I 0s
t=

t =3 s means 4 dots

t= 3 s

I
II
III
t=0 s

vavg,x
vx =

x
xf
=
t
tf

A) I < II < III

xi
ti

(I) vx = (2 m - 0 m)/3s = +0.66 m/s

(II) vx= (9 m - 0 m)/3s = +3m/s
(III)vx = (10 m -1 m)/3s = +3m/s

B) I < II = III

C) III < I < II

CQ- Velocity graph

Here is a motion diagram of a car moving along a straight road:

Which velocity-versus-time graph matches this motion diagram?

CQ- Velocity graph

Here is a motion diagram of a car moving along a straight road:

Which velocity-versus-time graph matches this motion diagram?

velocity is negative (pointing left)

small then big

position

Position time graph

time

Constant velocity - uniform motion

vavg,s vs =

sf

si
t
s is a generic axis (x or y say)

sf = si + vs t
s
sf
si

ti

vs =

s
t

tf

Velocity is the slope of the s-t graph

Constant velocity - v-t graph is a straight line

vavg,s vs =

sf

si

s is a generic axis (x or y say)

t
vs

sf = si + vs t
0

s = vs t

ti

tf

Displacement is the area under the curve to the t axis

Let me do a physics problem

This course is also about thinking scientifically

and developing problem solving skills

Here is two very different statements, which do you think is

Growth Mindset
closer to the truth?
You have a certain amount of intelligence, and you really
cant do much to change it.
You can always greatly change how intelligent you are.

Deliberate practice.
Do it again and again, and work on the
thing you struggle

I fear not the man who has practiced 10,000

kicks once, but I fear the man who practiced
one kick 10,000 times.
Bruce Lee

Problem solving who wins the race?

Assess
10 m/s would have won in 10 s so number are realistic
0.3 s difference means 3 m difference at finish line!

in real life
100 m sprint is not uniform motion

http://www.brianmac.co.uk/sprints/

Generalize to non-uniform motion using

derivative and integrals
Position x [m]

Instantaneous velocity at t0
slope of graph

ds
vs =
dt
t0

velocity v [m/s]

Time t [s]

tf

ti

tt0i t1 t2

ttNf

Time t [s]

Displacement between ti and tf is

area under the curve

s = sf

si =

tf

vs dt
ti

CQ: Same velocity

When do objects 1 and 2
have the same velocity?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

At some instant before time t0.

At time t0.
At some instant after time t0.
Both A and B.
Never.

CQ: Same velocity

When do objects 1 and 2
have the same velocity?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

At some instant before time t0.

At time t0.
At some instant after time t0.
Both A and B.
Never.

Same slope at this time

they have the same position at t0

Displacement
What is the displacement between 0 and 4 seconds?
v (m/s)
t (s)

0
1

-6

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

+12 m
- 48 m
+ 24 m
- 12 m
- 36 m

-12

Displacement
What is the displacement between 0 and 4 seconds?
v (m/s)
t (s)

0
1

-6

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

+12 m
- 48 m
+ 24 m
- 12 m
- 36 m

-12

orange or green?
its the area to the axis

Displacement from area

What is the displacement between 0 and 4 seconds?
vs (m/s)
t (s)

0
1

-6

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

+12 m
- 48 m
+ 24 m
- 12 m
- 36 m

-12

triangle area -6 m/s*4s/2 = -12m

rectangle area = -6m/s*4s = -24m
total = -36m
minus sign because under the t axis
velocity is negative and
decreasing,moving left so final
position is less than final position
s = sf-si <0

Slope and area

Derivative and integral
ds
vs =
dt

We will practice derivative

and integral later
for now focus on slope
and area

Slope

vs
area

s = sf

si =

tf

vs dt
ti

Fan Cart
You push a fan cart away from you on a flat, straight track. The cart slows
down and eventually turns around. Consider the motion from the time it
leaves your hand to the time just before you stop it.
0

3 4
same point same time

5 4

Which is closest to the carts acceleration vector at the turning point?

A)

B)

C)

~0

Fan Cart
You push a fan cart away from you on a flat, straight track. The cart slows
down and eventually turns around. Consider the motion from the time it
leaves your hand to the time just before you stop it.
0

~v3

~v0

3 4
same point same time

~v7

~v4

Which is closest to the carts acceleration vector at the turning point?

A)

~a4 /

B)

C)

~0

~v = ~v4

v~3

This is constant acceleration back and forth

8

~v0

3 4
same point same time

~v7

4
x

vx

ax

turning point

free fall, motion on inclined plane

x

4
same point same time

Fan cart
4

8
y

v
0

Free fall
up and down
(no drag)

a
0

Up and down
an inclined plane
(no friction)

Next M lecture
Readings for next time
Finish Chap 2

To do list

register clicker
register on MyLab & Mastering. PS 01 due Thursday Sept 1