Task 2

2.1 Creating information for decision making by summarizing data using

representative values
The calculation of mean, median and mode along with a relationship graph between the two
variables is demonstrated below according to the data in the following table:
X
Y

40
47

28
22

30
36

29
27
39
25
32
40
33
29
Table 3, Name: Data table.

18
16

35
40

45
44

Graphing Relations

Graphing Relations
50
40
30
Achievement Grades (Y)

20
10
0
15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Satisfaction (X)

The

relationship

through graph represents the graphing of a number of ordered pairs. It usually represent the
relationship between two variables with a number of ordered pairs in one graph. The graphing
relations between satisfactions (X) and achievement grades (Y) from the above data table is
constructed using MS Excel on a scale of 50 for both the level of satisfaction and achievement
grades:
Figure 1, Name: Graphing Relations of Data Table, Source: Self-Creation.
The calculation of Mean, Median and Mode is done through use of SPSS software. The
calculations are demonstrated below theoretically:

Mean
Mean is the average value of the given items. It may also called the central value of the given
number of items. The mean for the achievement grades (Y) is calculated below:
We know,
Mean =

x
n

where summation of x is the sum of the values of the observant and n is the

number of the observant.

Here Mean is 33.90 for achievement grades (Y).
Mode
Mode usually represents the value that appears most frequently in a given set of data. It also
means that the value that can be used most likely for sampling. The mode for achievement grades
(Y) can is 40. Because from the data table in table 3, it can be seen that the value 40 appears two
times. Thus, 40 is the mode for achievement grades (Y).
Median
When a given set of value or given data set is shorted from low to high, thus in numerical order,
the middle of that shorted data set which separate the higher half of data set from the lower half.
The median for the achievement grades (Y) is 36.5. This can be found from the following
calculation:
The 5th Item is 40 and 6th Item is 33. So, the median is = (40 + 33) / 2 = 36.5.
The summary for the calculation for achievement grades (Y) suing SPSS is shown below:
Achievement Grades (Y)
N

Valid
Missing

10
0

Mean

33.9000

Median

36.5000

Mode

40.00

Table 4, Name: Summary using SPSS, Source: Self-Creation.

2.3 Analyze of data using measure of dispersion

Measure of dispersion in statistics consists of variance, range, standard deviation etc. which are
used for showing how much stretched a given set of distribution is. The measure of dispersion
for data table 3 is demonstrated below:
Standard Deviation
Standard deviation is the measure of dispersion in which the dispersion is calculated by showing
how much stretched a given set of distribution in terms of square root dispersion or variance.
We know,

Standard Deviation = =

( x)
2
n

where x is the value of the observant and is the mean

of the data set.

Here, the standard deviation for satisfaction (X) is 8.08565 and achievement grades (Y) is
9.67758.
Variance
Variance is the measure of dispersion in which the dispersion is calculated by showing how
much stretched a given set of distribution in terms of square dispersion.
We know,
2

Variance = =

)
(x
n

where x is the value of the observant and is the mean of the data

set.
Here, the variance for satisfaction (X) is 65.378 and achievement grades (Y) is 93.656.
The summary for the calculation of standard deviation and Variance for satisfaction (X) and
achievement grades (Y)
below:

X
N

Valid
Missing

Std. Deviation
Variance

suing SPSS is shown

Y
10
0

10
0

8.08565

9.67758

65.378

93.656

Table 5, Name: Summary using SPSS, Source: Self-Creation.

2.4 Explanation of quartiles, percentiles and the correlation coefficient

Quartile
Quartile is used for representing the middle of the quartiles provably between two quartiles of a
given data set. There are three types of quartile. The lower quartile is the middle quartile between
the first and second quarter of a given data set and the upper quartile is the middle quartile
between the third and fourth quarter of a given data set and the middle one is the inter-quartile
range which is the median.
Percentile
The percentile is the calculation of percentage which is based on the analysis or result of the
quartile. It makes the division of the sample or given set of data in such a way that each partition
contains the equal number of observations.
The quartiles and percentiles for the data table in table 3 is calculated below suing SPSS:
X
N

Valid
Missing

Percentiles

Y
10
0

10
0

25

26.5000

27.2500

50

29.5000

34.5000

75

39.2500

41.0000

Table 6, Name: Summary using SPSS, Source: Self-Creation

Here the lower quartile is 26.5, upper quartile is 39.25 and the inter-quartile range is 29.5 for
satisfaction (X) and the lower quartile is 27.25, upper quartile is 41.0 and the inter-quartile range
is 34.5 for achievement grades (Y). Quartile and percentile have an incredible deal of

explanatory power also a functional strategy for benchmarking purposes. These can utilized less
often in the administration division over to manufacturing. Service organization like Brit College
can use it to draw the factors that most influential over other factors. In this scenario, quartiles
and percentiles can help Brit College to identify the how achievement grades of the Alumni
satisfied them in their life or how satisfied they are with their achieved grades during academic
life.

Correlation Coefficient
Correlation coefficient is measure in which the movements of two variables are tracked along
with which variable is dependent over another variable. The correlation coefficient for
satisfaction (X) and achievement grades (Y) is shown below using SPSS:
Correlations
X
X

Pearson Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed)
N
Pearson Correlation

Sig. (2-tailed)
N
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Y
1

.783**

10
.783**

.007
10
1

.007
10

10

Table 7, Name: Correlation Co-efficient for Data Table 3. Source: Self-Creation.

From the above table, it can be seen that the correlation between the two variables named
satisfaction (X) and achievement grades (Y) is at significant level. Both are positively related
and both are highly related in terms of significance. This correlation demonstrates that Alumnis
satisfaction level is highly related with the grades they have achieved in their academic life in
Brit College.

Task 3
3.1 Producing graph using Spreadsheet
Using spreadsheet, line and bar charts will be produced using MS Excel based on the data table
on task 2.1. These are shown below:
50
4540
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
51
0
1

45
39
28

30

29

27

35
25
18

10

10

Satisfaction (X)
60 40
45
39
35
28 30 29 27
40
25 18
9 10
8
7
6
5
20
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
X
Moving average (X)

The bar char & Line Graph for the

satisfaction of the Alumni is given below:
Figure 2, Name: Bar Chart & Line Graph for Satisfaction, Source: Self-Creation.
From the above figures, it can be visible that the 10th Alumni has the highest grade where the 1st
Alumni has the second highest grade. The lowest grade is considered to be 18 which is the
satisfaction of 8th Alumni.

Achievement Grades (Y)

60
50

40
30
20

3
2

47

22

10
0

5047
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
51
0
1

36

36

5
4
32
4

40

6
33

7
29

40

44

10

16
8

40

40
33

32

10

44

29

22
16

10

10

The bar char for the achievement grades

(Y) of the Alumni is given below:
Figure 3, Name: Bar Chart & line graph for Achievement Grades, Source: Self-Creation.
From the above figures, it can be visible that although the 10th Alumni has the highest grade but
he or she has the 2nd highest achievement grades where the 1st Alumni has the second highest
grade although his or her satisfaction grade was 2 nd. The lowest grade is considered to be 18
which is the achievement grades of 8th Alumni.

3.2 Creation of Trend line in spreadsheet graphs

Trend Line

Achievement Grades (Y)

50
40
30
20
10
0
15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

The trend line is an

important analysis tool where two or more variables connected for the identification of trend as a
line of support. The trend line for forecasting achievement grades of Alumni is given below:
Figure 4, Name: Trend Line Achievement Grades, Source: Self-Creation.
From the trend line in the above figure, it can be seen that the achievement grades for the Alumni
gradually increased as the grading increased I Brit College. Although there were some Alumni
whos achievement grades and satisfaction level is not linear, but except them all other Alumnis
satisfaction and their achievement grades is in linear relationship and the trend line is in upward
curve as both satisfaction and achievement grades increases simultaneously.

3.3 Preparation of a business presentation using suitable software

The presentation to disseminate the above tasks information is attached along with the main copy
of the assignment.

4.2 Preparation of a project plan and determination of critical path

Project planning means how each tasks and their activities can be organized in such a way so that
the whole project can be completed within the predefined time limitation. Usually almost every
projects are large and complex, thus it is difficult for the managers of the project to maintain the
sequence between project schedule and progress. Thats why project plan is necessary. Here, Brit
College wants to launch a project regarding opening some additional classrooms so that it can
welcome the new students for this academic year. The project plan for this project is shown
below along with a network model from the following table:
Task

Activity

Predecessor

Time (Days)

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I

Foundation
4
Framing
A
10
Plumbing
B
9
Electrical
B
6
Wall Board
C, D
8
Siding
B
16
Paint Interior
E
5
Paint Exterior
F
9
Fixtures
G, I
6
Table, Name: Activity table for Brit Colleges new project, Source: Self-Creation.

The Network Model of Brit Colleges new project is demonstrated below

Plumbing

Wall Board

C
Foundation

Framing

Paint Interior

Electrical

Fixtures

I
Siding

Paint Exterior

Figure, Name: Network Diagram for New Project, Source: Self-Creation.

Critical Path
A path is usually a line of sequence of nodes or tasks that are connected with each other from
start to finish of a project. And a critical path is considered to be the longest path of activities
where delay in the activities will lead to delay in project. For identifying the projects estimated
competition time, we need to identify the critical path. The critical path for the Brit Colleges
new project consists of the following tasks:
Task: Start- A- B- F- H- I- Finish. Or

Start- Foundation (4 Days) + Framing (10 Days) + Siding (16 Days) + Paint Exterior (9 Days) +
Fixtures (6 Days) - Finish.
The total completion time for the critical path is 45 days. Thus, the completion time for the
whole project is 45 days.

4.3 Use of financial tools for decision making using NPV & IRR
As Brit College wants to open a project to develop some additional classrooms, the cost for the
completion of the project is estimated to be 550, 000 where the cost of capital is 12%. The
report on the financial viability for this project is given below along with NPV & IRR
calculations:
Years
Cash Flows
-550,000
2016

90,000
2017
110,000
2018
180,000
2019
205,000
2020

250,000
Table, Name: Cash Flows for Brit Colleges new project.
NPV:
NPV stands for Net Present Value. It is usually the differences between the cash inflows and cash
outflows. Both cash inflows and cash outflows is presented and calculated in present value of
money. The use of NPV is mostly on determining the profitability of the investments or projects.

IRR:
IRR stands for Internal Rate of Return. It is one of the most important tool in financial decision
making. It is usually a metric that is used for measuring the profitability of investments that are
potential in capital budgeting.
The calculation of NPV & IRR for Brit Colleges new project is shown below by considering
cost of capital is 12%:

NPV = - 550000 +

1+ .12

1+ .12

1+ .12

90000 110000 180000

+
+
1+.12 (1+.12)2

= 18,306.83
IRR = 13.1230%
Table, Name: Calculation of IRR and NPV.
From the above table, we can see that the NPV is positive and IRR is at satisfactory level. From
these, it can be said that Brit College can make investment on the new project as it is somewhat
beneficial in terms of NPV and IRR.

Conclusion
To any level of organization, benefits of the business decision making assumes essential part.
Devices like statistical tools could make supportive to deciding the varieties in guidelines what's
more gatherings that give information around those scattering. Beside this, graphs and charts are
also important to represent the findings and making the interpretation accurately. The use of MIS
in an organization can reduce the time used for doing all of these and it can increase the
efficiency of the business.