CH 30

30
Inductance
J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14
Mutual Inductance
Self-Inductance and Inductors
Magnetic Field Energy
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
The R-L-C Series Circuit
30
Objective
1. Calculate mutually-induced emf given the mutual inductance

between two circuits
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
I
I and I are both constant.
Question:
What if instead of straight wires we have coils?

Also, there is a changing
current in one of the coils.
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Remember that:
If the coils are in vacuum:

M21 is a constant.
It depends on the geometry of both coils
(size, shape, number of turns, orientation
of each coil, separation between coils).
For our case, we assume that any magnetic
material present has constant Km so that M21 is
constant.
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
For any two coils (symmetric or not):
SI Unit of mutual inductance M:
1 H = 1 Wb/A
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Example:
Equation to be used:
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Example:
Equations to be used:
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Seatwork (0.5 pt):
The figure shows two insulated coils wrapped around each

other with mutual inductance M = 0.5 H. If the current in coil 2
varies as I(t) = 8t2 + 2t + 14, what will be the induced emf in
coil 1 after 1 s?
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Objective
1. Calculate self-induced emf given the self-inductance of the

circuit
10
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Any circuit that carries a varying current has an emf induced in it

by the variation in its own magnetic field.
Self-Induced emf
It can occur in any circuit.
The effect is greatly enhanced if circuit includes a coil with

N turns of wire.
11
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Self-Inductance/Inductance
Since current i in the circuit changes

with time t,
From Faradays Law:
12
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Potential difference between the terminals of the inductor
If the rate of change of current is zero:
13
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Potential difference between the terminals of the inductor
14
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
What is the physical significance of inductance L?

When L is large, the rate of change of current is small.
When L is small, the rate of change of current is large.
So, what is the use of an inductor in a circuit?
An inductor helps to prevent rapid changes in current.
15
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
16
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Example:
17
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Example:
18
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Seatwork (0.5 pt):
A current i flowing from a to b passes through an inductor of

inductance L, as shown in the figure. It is observed that the
potential at b is higher than at a.
Which of the following describes the current passing through

the inductor? increasing, decreasing or constant?
19
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Objective
1. Calculate the total magnetic energy stored in an inductor and

its magnetic energy density after current is increased from
zero to a final steady-state value
20
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Energy Stored in an Inductor
The total energy U supplied while the current increases from

zero to a final value I is
This is actually stored in the

magnetic field within the coil.
When the current decreases from I to zero, the inductor
acts as a source that supplies a total amount of energy U.
Note:
When a steady current flows through an inductor,

there is no energy
flow in or out. .
21
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Resistor vs. Inductor
A resistor is a device in which energy

is irrecoverably dissipated.
Energy stored in a current-carrying

inductor can be recovered when the
current decreases to zero.
22
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Magnetic Energy Density
Magnetic energy density in vacuum
Magnetic energy density in a material where = Kmo
23
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Example:
24
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Seatwork (0.5 pt):
How much current is required to store an energy of 7.2 kJ in

a coil with an inductance of 100 H?
Equation to be used:
25
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Objective
1. Describe the current variation in time for the current growth

and current decay in an R-L circuit
26
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
R-L Circuit
A circuit that includes both a resistor and an inductor, and possibly a

source of emf
Current growth
Current decay
27
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Current Growth in an R-L Circuit
Current in an R-L circuit with emf:
28
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Current Growth in an R-L Circuit
Current in an R-L circuit with emf:
Time constant of an R-L circuit:
At time , the current has risen to or about
63% of its final value /R.
29
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Example:
What is the current through the ideal battery after a very

long time the switch S is closed?
30
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Current Decay in an R-L Circuit
Current in an R-L circuit:
Io: initial current in the circuit
31
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Current Decay in an R-L Circuit
Current in an R-L circuit:
Io: initial current in the circuit

Time constant of an R-L circuit:
At time , the current has decreased to or
about 37% of its initial value Io
32
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Example:
33
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Seatwork (0.25 x 6 pts):

For the circuit shown, find the currents I1, I2, and I3
(a) immediately after switch S is closed and
(b) a long time after switch S has been closed.
34
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Objective
1. Describe the charge and current variation in time in an L-C

circuit
35
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
L-C Circuit
A circuit that includes both an inductor and a capacitor

Both charge and current in an L-C circuit oscillate sinusoidally with time, with an
angular frequency of
Capacitor charge:
If at time t = 0:
Current in the circuit:
the left-hand capacitor plate has

its maximum charge Q and the
current i is zero, then
36
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
L-C Circuit
Capacitor charge:
Imax
Imax = Q
37
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Energy in an L-C Circuit
Total energy of the LC circuit:
The total energy in an

LC circuit is constant.
(inductor)
(capacitor)
Recall:
Capacitor charge:
Imax = Q
38
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Example:
39
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Seatwork (0.25 x 4 pts):
40
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Objective
1. Describe the charge, voltage and current variation in time for

underdamped, critically-damped, and overdamped L-R-C
circuits
41
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
L-R-C Series Circuit
An inductor with inductance L and a resistor of resistance R are

connected in series across the terminals of a charged capacitor.
3 cases:
1. Underdamped oscillation
2. Critically damped
3. Overdamped
42
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Underdamped CRITICALLY damped OVERdamped

(Small R)
(Large R)
(Very large R)
43
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Example:
An L-R-C series circuit includes a 2.0- resistor. At t = 0 the

capacitor charge is 2.0 C. For which of the following
values of inductance and capacitance will the charge on the
capacitor not oscillate?
A. L = 3.0 H, C = 6.0 F
B. L = 6.0 H, C = 3.0 F
C. L = 3.0 H, C = 3.0 F
Hint:
44
Mutual Inductance
The R-L Circuit
The L-C Circuit
30
Seatwork (0.5 pt):
Consider an R-L-C series circuit with resistance 1 . Which

values of inductance L and capacitance C will the charge on
the capacitor undergo a damped oscillation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
L = 1.0 H, C = 4.0 F
L = 3.0 H, C = 12.0 F
L = 3.0 H, C = 18.0 F
L = 3.0 H, C = 6.0 F
L = 1.0 H, C = 8.0 F
45

CH 30

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30

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

1. Calculate mutually-induced emf given the mutual inductance

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

I and I are both constant.

What if instead of straight wires we have coils?

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

If the coils are in vacuum:

For any two coils (symmetric or not):

SI Unit of mutual inductance M:

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

The figure shows two insulated coils wrapped around each

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

1. Calculate self-induced emf given the self-inductance of the

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

Any circuit that carries a varying current has an emf induced in it

The effect is greatly enhanced if circuit includes a coil with

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

Since current i in the circuit changes

From Faradays Law:

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

Potential difference between the terminals of the inductor

If the rate of change of current is zero:

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

Potential difference between the terminals of the inductor

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

What is the physical significance of inductance L?

So, what is the use of an inductor in a circuit?

An inductor helps to prevent rapid changes in current.

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

A current i flowing from a to b passes through an inductor of

Which of the following describes the current passing through

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

1. Calculate the total magnetic energy stored in an inductor and

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

The total energy U supplied while the current increases from

This is actually stored in the

When a steady current flows through an inductor,

A resistor is a device in which energy

Energy stored in a current-carrying

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

Magnetic energy density in a material where = Kmo

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

How much current is required to store an energy of 7.2 kJ in

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

1. Describe the current variation in time for the current growth

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

A circuit that includes both a resistor and an inductor, and possibly a

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

Current in an R-L circuit with emf:

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

Time constant of an R-L circuit:

At time , the current has risen to or about

63% of its final value /R.

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14

What is the current through the ideal battery after a very

J. Manuel Physics 72 2nd Sem AY 13-14