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Topic
No.
1
Abnormalities
Answer
T
Question
Possible indications for advising referral to a genetics counsellor in the first half of
pregnancy include a known chromosome abnormality in the father of the pregnancy
Abnormalities
pregnancy include all pregnancies in women over thirty years of age at the time of
delivery
Abnormalities
pregnancy include couples at risk of detectable inborn errors of metabolism
Abnormalities
pregnancy include couples at risk of hepatitis C.
Abnormalities
pregnancy include where a couple have delivered a child with multiple malformations
Abortion
A complete abortion is characterised by a history of abdominal pain followed by vaginal

bleeding.
Abortion
A complete abortion is characterised by a history of vaginal bleeding followed by lower

abdominal pain
Abortion
A complete abortion is characterised by the passing of tissue and then the settling of
the pain
Abortion
A complete abortion is characterised by the settling of the bleeding once the tissue is
passed.
10
Abortion
A complete abortion occurs more often with pregnancies after the eighth week than
before the eighth week of pregnancy.
11
Abortion
A missed abortion is characterised by heavy vaginal bleeding
12
Abortion
A missed abortion is characterised by the lack of uterine growth
13
Abortion
A missed abortion is characterised by the loss of the symptoms of pregnancy
14
Abortion
A missed abortion is characterised by the opening of the cervical canal
15
Abortion
A threatened abortion is characterised by a history of abdominal pain followed by

vaginal bleeding.
16
Abortion
A threatened abortion is characterised by passing of products of conception
17
Abortion
A threatened abortion is characterised by the finding of a closed cervical os on

speculum examination.
18
Abortion
A threatened abortion is characterised by the mother reporting the loss of the

symptoms of pregnancy
19
Abortion
A threatened abortion is characterised by the passing of tissue and then the settling
of the pain.
20
Abortion
A threatened abortion is characterised by the uterine size being bigger than the period
of amenorrhoea suggests it should be
21
Abortion
A threatened abortion is characterised by vaginal bleeding
22
Abortion
A threatened abortion never causes rhesus iso-immunisation in a woman who is rhesus

negative.
23
Abortion
A threatened abortion: If an ultrasound scan shows a normal sized amniotic sac and a
fetus whose heart is beating the pregnancy will continue in more than 90% of such
cases.
24
Abortion
First trimester abortion may be due to chorion villus sampling
25
Abortion
First trimester abortion may be due to Down syndrome
26
Abortion
First trimester abortion may be due to incompetent cervix
27
Abortion
First trimester abortion may be due to poorly controlled diabetes
28
Abortion
First trimester abortion may be due to syphilis
29
Abortion
Following a missed abortion Anti-D is not required if the mother is Rhesus negative
30
Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis may be associated with external endometriosis
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31
Adenomyosis
In Adenomyosis, adenomyotic changes can be localised or diffusely spread throughout

the myometrium
32
Adenomyosis
In Adenomyosis, no endometrial stroma is found in the myometrium on histological

examination
33
Adenomyosis
In Adenomyosis, the uterus is often uniformly enlarged
34
Adenomyosis
In Adenomyosis, the uterus is usually tender on palpation
35
Adenomyosis
In women with symptomatic adenomyosis endometrium, endometrial stroma and

haemorrhage are found in the uterine serosa on histological examination.
36
Adenomyosis
Symptomatic adenomyosis responds readily to uterine curettage as a therapy.
37
Amniotic fluid
Oligohydramnios is associated with diabetes mellitus
38
Amniotic fluid
Oligohydramnios is associated with intrauterine growth restriction
39
Amniotic fluid
Oligohydramnios is associated with multiple pregnancy
40
Amniotic fluid
Oligohydramnios is associated with oesophageal atresia
41
Amniotic fluid
Oligohydramnios is associated with postmaturity
42
Amniotic fluid
Oligohydramnios is associated with renal agenesis
43
Amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios can be associated with a fetus with an imperforate anus
44
Amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios can be associated with fetal neural tube defect
45
Amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios can be associated with intrauterine growth restriction
46
Amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios can be associated with severe Rhesus iso-immunisation
47
Amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios increases the risk of cord prolapse
48
Amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios increases the risk of malpresentation of the fetus
49
Amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios increases the risk of placental abruption
50
Amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios increases the risk of post partum haemorrhage
51
Amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios is frequently associated with anencephaly
52
Amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios is frequently associated with well controlled maternal diabetes mellitus
53
Amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios may be associated with fetal renal agenesis
54
Amniotic fluid
Polyhydramnios may be associated with maternal diabetes mellitus.
55
Anaemia
Anaemia discovered during pregnancy may be due to haemo-concentration due to

normal pregnancy.
56
Anaemia
Anaemia discovered during pregnancy may be macrocytic and due to Thalassaemia.
57
Anaemia
Anaemia discovered during pregnancy may be macrocytic and due to Vitamin B 12

deficiency
58
Anaemia
Anaemia discovered during pregnancy may be microcytic and due to folate deficiency.
59
Anaemia
Anaemia discovered during pregnancy may be microcytic and due to iron deficiency.
60
Anatomy
Anatomy of the female genital tract: Healthy Bartholins glands are pea-sized and are
not palpable.
61
Anatomy
Anatomy of the female genital tract: Most of the lymphatic drainage of the vulva
passes to the superficial femoral lymph nodes.
62
Anatomy
Anatomy of the female genital tract: The ampulla is the longest segment of the
Fallopian tube
63
Anatomy
Anatomy of the female genital tract: The blood supply to the vulva includes the internal
pudendal arteries that are branches of the external iliac arteries
64
Anatomy
Anatomy of the female genital tract: The labia majora contain sebaceous and sweat
glands
65
Anatomy
Anatomy of the female genital tract: The labia minora are homologues of the scrotum
66
Anatomy
Anatomy of the female genital tract: The labia minora may contain sebaceous glands
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67
Anatomy
Anatomy of the female genital tract: The ovarian artery arises from the abdominal
aorta immediately below the renal artery
68
Anatomy
Anatomy of the female genital tract: The vagina is lined by stratified squamous
keratinised epithelium
69
Anatomy
Anatomy of the female genital tract: The vaginal blood supply is from the vaginal and
uterine branches of the internal iliac arteries
70
Anatomy
The following are supports for the uterus: The lateral (also known as the cardinal)
ligaments
71
Anatomy
The following are supports for the uterus: The levator ani muscles
72
Anatomy
The following are supports for the uterus: The Pouch of Douglas
73
Anatomy
The following are supports for the uterus: The round ligaments
74
Anatomy
The following are supports for the uterus: The utero-sacral ligaments
75
Antenatal care
Antenatal care in Australia: Shared care means that the general practitioner cares fo
the patient until 20 weeks gestation and then refers the antenatal patient to the
hospital obstetric unit for review.
76
Antenatal care
Antenatal care: In Australia socioeconomic circumstances are not important in

pregnancy
77
Antenatal care
Antenatal care: Routine antenatal care includes weekly BP checks from the beginning
of the third trimester
78
Antenatal care
Antenatal care: Shared care means that the general practitioner cares for the
antenatal patient until term
79
Antenatal care
Antenatal care: The main reason for undertaking antenatal care is to identify the at
risk pregnancy
80
Antenatal care
Antenatal care: The presence of glycosuria during pregnancy is a reliable predictor of

diabetes mellitus
81
Antenatal care
The following routine investigation should be performed at the antenatal booking visit:
Blood sugar level
82
Antenatal care
HCG estimation
83
Antenatal care
Hep B antigen status
84
Antenatal care
Syphilis serology
85
Antenatal care
Toxoplasmosis screening
86
Antenatal care
The following routine investigations should be performed at the first antenatal booking
visit: Atypical blood group antibodies.
87
Antenatal care
visit: Full blood count and reticulocyte count.
88
Antenatal care
visit: Urea & electrolytes.
89
APH
A patient at 39 weeks gestation who has an antepartum haemorrhage may need an

anti-D injection if her partner is Rhesus negative
90
APH
A patient at 39 weeks gestation who has an antepartum haemorrhage requires a blood

transfusion
91
APH
A patient at 39 weeks gestation who has an antepartum haemorrhage requires

admission to hospital
92
APH
A patient at 39 weeks gestation who has an antepartum haemorrhage requires placental

localisation
93
APH
A patient at 39 weeks gestation who has an antepartum haemorrhage should be

subjected to a digital vaginal examination
94
APH
Antepartum haemorrhage is a contraindication for a digital vaginal examination.
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95
APH
Antepartum haemorrhage is most commonly maternal blood
96
APH
Antepartum haemorrhage may be caused by an endocervical polyp.
97
APH
Antepartum haemorrhage may occur from the 18th week of pregnancy
98
APH
Antepartum haemorrhage may occur from the 20th week of pregnancy
99
APH
Antepartum haemorrhage may occur in the late first stage of labour
100
APH
Antepartum haemorrhage occurs in 1% of pregnancies
101
APH
Antepartum haemorrhage occurs in 5% of pregnancies
102
Breast
Breast development during pregnancy is characterised by a decrease in vascularity of

breast tissues
103
Breast
Breast development during pregnancy is characterised by an increase in vascularity of

the breasts
104
Breast
Breast development during pregnancy is characterised by increased duct development
105
Breast
Breast development during pregnancy is characterised by increased pigmentation of

the areola
106
Breast
Breast development during pregnancy is characterised by oedema in the fatty breast

tissue
107
Breast
Breast development during pregnancy is characterised by secretion of colostrum from

Montgomerys tubercles
108
Breast
Mastitis is managed by ceasing feeding and ceasing expressing from the affected
breast
109
Breast
Mastitis is managed by giving adequate pain relief
110
Breast
Mastitis is managed by obtaining a full blood count from the baby
111
Breast
Mastitis is managed by using appropriate antibiotics
112
Breast
Mastitis may be due to breast engorgement
113
Breast
Mastitis may be due to Escherichia Coli
114
Breast
Mastitis may be due to nipple damage due to aggressive suckling by the baby
115
Breast
Mastitis may be due to nipple damage due to poor detachment of the baby
116
Breast
Mastitis may be due to poorly fitting brassieres
117
Breast-feeding
During lactation, ovulation is often delayed
118
Breast-feeding
During lactation, oxytocin causes the myoepithelial cells of the breast to contract
119
Breast-feeding
During lactation, oxytocin secretion is stimulated by suckling
120
Breast-feeding
During lactation, prolactin causes the myoepithelial cells of the breast to contract
121
Breast-feeding
During lactation, prolactin secretion is stimulated by suckling
122
Breast-feeding
During lactation, the use of progesterones as postpartum contraception inhibits

lactation
123
Breast-feeding
The benefits of breast-feeding include: Breast milk contains IgA & IgM
immunoglobulins which helps prevent Salmonella & Shigella infection
124
Breast-feeding
The benefits of breast-feeding include: Breast milk has the correct nutritional
composition for the baby except for a low calcium content
125
Breast-feeding
The benefits of breast-feeding include: Has some contraceptive effect
126
Breast-feeding
The benefits of breast-feeding include: It helps establish the lactobacillus in the infant
s gut which is important for the absorption of vitamins
127
Breast-feeding
The benefits of breast-feeding include: Promotes bonding between the mother and
baby
128
Caesarean
Most Obstetricians in Australia recommend delivery by Caesarean section for all women
who are in labour with an infant of 34 weeks gestation with a cephalic presentation.
129
Caesarean
who have a major degree of placenta praevia
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130
Caesarean
who have a persisting transverse lie of the fetus at 38 weeks gestation.
131
Caesarean
who have had one previous lower uterine segment caesarean section.
132
Cervix
Cervical incompetence is not a cause of recurrent pregnancy loss
133
Cervix
Cervical incompetence is painless
134
Cervix
Cervical incompetence may be as a result of a pinch biopsy of the cervix.
135
Cervix
Cervical incompetence may be detected early by pelvic ultrasound scanning
136
Cervix
Cervical incompetence may follow a cone biopsy of the cervix
137
Cervix
Cervical incompetence presents with vaginal bleeding
138
Cervix
Conditions of the uterine cervix: A cervical ectropion is an ulcer on the ectocervix
139
Cervix
Conditions of the uterine cervix: CIN 3 may present with post coital bleding because the
lesion is vascular
140
Cervix
Conditions of the uterine cervix: CIN 3/ moderate dysplasia/ carcinoma in situ are
different names for the same entity.
141
Cervix
Conditions of the uterine cervix: One of the uses for the Papanicolaou smear is as a
screening test for women with post coital bleeding
142
Cervix
Conditions of the uterine cervix: The cervical appearance described as the strawberry
cervix is due to trichomoniasis.
143
Contraception
A contraceptive vaginal diaphragm is as effective as coitus interruptus in preventing

pregnancy
144
Contraception
A contraceptive vaginal diaphragm is less effective than coitus interruptus in

preventing pregnancy
145
Contraception
A contraceptive vaginal diaphragm may not be effective as a contraceptive in the

presence of a second-degree cystocele.
146
Contraception
A contraceptive vaginal diaphragm must be inserted 6 hours before coitus to be

effective
147
Contraception
A contraceptive vaginal diaphragm protects against genital herpes
148
Contraception
A contraceptive vaginal diaphragm should be used in conjunction with spermicidal cream
149
Contraception
A contraceptive vaginal diaphragm should only be fitted by a gynaecologist
150
Contraception
Emergency contraception is 99% effective in preventing pregnancy
151
Contraception
Emergency contraception is contraception used after coitus
152
Contraception
Emergency contraception is recommended to be used just prior to coitus
153
Contraception
Emergency contraception must contain high levels of oestrogen to be effective
154
Contraception
Emergency contraception: To be effective it must be given before implantation
155
Contraception
Progesterone only pills alter the motility of the muscular wall in the Fallopian tubes
156
Contraception
Progesterone only pills are spermicidal
157
Contraception
Progesterone only pills induce a thickening of cervical mucus
158
Contraception
Progesterone only pills induce thinning (make more watery) of the cervical mucus
159
Contraception
Progesterone only pills produce a hypersecretory endometrium
160
Contraception
Progesterone only pills produce a proliferative endometrium
161
Contraception
Progesterone only pills suppress ovulation 100% of the time
162
Contraception
There is a risk of ectopic pregnancy when using emergency contraception
163
Cord prolapse
Cord prolapse is a risk of induction of labour by rupturing the membranes (ARM).
164
Cord prolapse
Cord prolapse is a risk of induction of labour using intravaginal prostaglandin
165
Cord prolapse
Cord prolapse is associated with cephalo pelvic disproportion
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166
Cord prolapse
Cord prolapse is associated with premature labour in twin pregnancies
167
Cord prolapse
Cord prolapse is common with a frank (extended legs) breech presentation
168
Cord prolapse
Cord prolapse is commonly associated with fetal malpresentation
169
Cord prolapse
Cord prolapse is frequently associated with oligohydramnios
170
Cord prolapse
Cord prolapse is more common with a frank (extended legs) breech presentation than
with a footling breech presentation
171
Dysmenorrhoea
Dysmenorrhoea: Primary dysmenorrhoea is colicky in nature and occurs just before the
onset of the menses.
172
Dysmenorrhoea
Dysmenorrhoea: Primary dysmenorrhoea may be managed by suppressing ovulation with

non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
173
Dysmenorrhoea
Dysmenorrhoea: Secondary dysmenorrhoea may be associated with Adenomyosis.
174
Dysmenorrhoea
Dysmenorrhoea: Secondary dysmenorrhoea may result from cervical incompetence

following a cone biopsy.
175
Dysmenorrhoea
Dysmenorrhoea: Some congenital malformations of the uterus can cause

dysmenorrhoea.
176
Dyspareunia
Superficial dyspareunia may be caused by candidiasis
177
Dyspareunia
Superficial dyspareunia may be caused by cervical cone biopsy
178
Dyspareunia
Superficial dyspareunia may be caused by Human Papilloma Viral infection of vulva
179
Dyspareunia
Superficial dyspareunia may be caused by introital lichen sclerosus
180
Dyspareunia
Superficial dyspareunia may be caused by lactational amenorrhoea
181
Ectopic
Ectopic pregnancy: A negative urinary HCG rules out the possibility of an ectopic
pregnancy.
182
Ectopic
Ectopic pregnancy: A vaginal examination will detect adnexal tenderness in more than
70% of cases of ectopic pregnancy.
183
Ectopic
Ectopic pregnancy: The majority of ectopic pregnancies are located in the medial half
of the fallopian tube.
184
Ectopic
Ectopic pregnancy: With the presentation of an ectopic pregnancy vaginal bleeding

occurs before the onset of pain.
185
Ectopic
The following factors increase a womans chances of having an ectopic pregnancy: A

previous ectopic pregnancy
186
Ectopic
The following factors increase a womans chances of having an ectopic pregnancy:

Peritonitis associated with a ruptured appendix.
187
Ectopic
The following factors increase a womans chances of having an ectopic pregnancy: Post
abortal endometritis
188
Ectopic

Previous puerperal endometritis
189
Ectopic

Suppurative appendicitis
190
Ectopic

Surgery to the fallopian tubes
191
Ectopic

Vaginal candidiasis
192
Endometriosis
Endometriosis affects more women in the lower socio-economic groups
193
Endometriosis
Endometriosis can occur in 12-14 year-olds
194
Endometriosis
Endometriosis can occur in laparotomy incisions
195
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is treated by testosterone dermal patches
196
Endometriosis
Endometriosis may cause dysmenorrhoea
197
Endometriosis
Endometriosis may cause haematuria in some cases
198
Endometriosis
Endometriosis may cause heavy periods
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199
Endometriosis
Endometriosis may cause painful defaecation when present in the recto-vaginal septum
200
Endometriosis
Endometriosis may undergo sarcomatous change in later life
201
Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs outside the true pelvis in at least 50% of cases
202
Fetal lie
An abnormal lie of the fetus is more common with the presence of a post-term fetus.
203
Fetal lie
An abnormal lie of the fetus may be anticipated if the placenta is situated in the lower
segment of the uterus.
204
Fetal lie
An abnormal lie of the fetus may be anticipated with some cases of multiple
pregnancies.
205
Fetal lie
An abnormal lie of the fetus may occur when the biparietal diameter of the fetal head
will not pass through the pelvic inlet
206
Hormones
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG): At any given time during pregnancy HCG levels
are higher in multiple pregnancies as compared with singleton pregnancies.
207
Hormones
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG): Blood levels peak at 20 weeks of pregnancy.
208
Hormones
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG): HCG has an anti Insulin effect during
pregnancy.
209
Hormones
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG): HCG is synthesised by the placenta.
210
Hormones
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG): The initial function of HCG is to maintain the
corpus luteum.
211
Hormones
Human chorionic gonadotrophin is a steroid hormone
212
Hormones
Human chorionic gonadotrophin is mainly produced by the corpus luteum
213
Hormones
Human chorionic gonadotrophin is produced by the pre-implantation blastocyst
214
Hormones
Human chorionic gonadotrophin maintains the corpus luteum in early pregnancy
215
Hormones
Human chorionic gonadotrophin reaches a maximum concentration at 36 week gestation

thereby inhibiting the onset of labour
216
Hormones
Prolactin is responsible for milk ejection
217
Hormones
Prolactin plasma concentrations increase in pregnancy
218
Hormones
Prolactin release is stimulated by oestradiol
219
Hormones
Prolactin release is stimulated by thyrotropin releasing hormone
220
Hormones
Prolactin secretion is promoted by Dopamine
221
Incontinence
Detrusor instability once diagnosed by urodynamic studies may be managed by anterior

colporrhaphy
222
Incontinence
Detrusor instability once diagnosed by urodynamic studies may be managed by

anticholinergic medication, e.g. oxybutynin
223
Incontinence
Detrusor instability once diagnosed by urodynamic studies may be managed by bladder

drill
224
Incontinence
Detrusor instability once diagnosed by urodynamic studies may be managed by long

term, low dose antibiotics
225
Incontinence
Detrusor instability once diagnosed by urodynamic studies may be managed by

retropubic urethropexy.
226
Incontinence
Possible causes of urinary incontinence include a post hysterectomy uretero-vaginal

fistula
227
Incontinence
Possible causes of urinary incontinence include a urinary tract infection.
228
Incontinence
Possible causes of urinary incontinence include diabetes mellitus
229
Incontinence
Possible causes of urinary incontinence include Irritable Bowel Syndrome
230
Incontinence
Possible causes of urinary incontinence include Multiple Sclerosis.
231
Incontinence
Possible causes of urinary incontinence include the use of diuretics for a heart
condition.
232
Incontinence
Women with urinary incontinence may have a urinary tract infection
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233
Incontinence
Women with urinary incontinence may have diabetes mellitus
234
Incontinence
Irritable Bowel Syndrome may cause urinary incontinence
235
Infection
Bacterial vaginitis in pregnancy can be treated with local antibiotics for example
Clindomycin
236
Infection
Bacterial vaginitis in pregnancy can cause endometritis after delivery
237
Infection
Bacterial vaginitis in pregnancy does not cause chorion-amnionitis
238
Infection
Bacterial vaginitis in pregnancy may cause an increased vaginal discharge
239
Infection
Bacterial vaginitis in pregnancy may cause preterm labour
240
Infection
Bacterial Vaginitis may be associated with candidiasis in 30% of cases
241
Infection
Bacterial Vaginitis: Clue cells seen on microscopy are epithelial cells covered with
bacteria.
242
Infection
Bacterial Vaginitis: The discharge produced by bacterial vaginitis liberates fishy

smelling amines when mixed with a potassium hydroxide solution.
243
Infection
Bacterial Vaginosis can lead to salpingitis
244
Infection
Bacterial Vaginosis is usually asymptomatic
245
Infection
Bacterial Vaginosis may be associated with trichomoniasis
246
Infection
Bacterial Vaginosis produces a thin white-grey vaginal discharge
247
Infection
Bacterial Vaginosis requires treatment of the patient and her partners
248
Infection
Gonorrhoea can cause a vaginal discharge
249
Infection
Gonorrhoea is caused by a Gram positive, intracellular diplococcus
250
Infection
Gonorrhoea is more common than pelvic inflammatory disease due to Chlamydia
251
Infection
Gonorrhoea is more often symptomatic in sexually active females
252
Infection
Gonorrhoea is often asymptomatic in sexually active females
253
Infection
Gonorrhoea is often asymptomatic in sexually active males
254
Infection
Infection in Bartholins gland duct is asymptomatic in most cases
255
Infection
Infection in Bartholins gland duct is most appropriately treated with Flucloxacillin
256
Infection
Infection in Bartholins gland duct is usually bilateral
257
Infection
Infection in Bartholins gland duct may be caused by trichomoniasis
258
Infection
Infection in Bartholins gland duct requires treatment by marsupialisation of both

glands
259
Infection
Syphilis is considered to have two phases in its untreated course
260
Infection
Syphilis is diagnosed in the female by taking endocervical swabs for culture
261
Infection
Syphilis is extremely rare in Queensland
262
Infection
Syphilis is teratogenic during the first trimester of pregnancy
263
Infection
Syphilis is usually symptomatic in its primary stage
264
Infection
Syphilis may cause hearing loss in the child with congenital syphilis.
265
Infection
The following predispose a woman to genital tract Candidiasis: Diabetes mellitus
266
Infection
The following predispose a woman to genital tract Candidiasis: Hypothyroidism
267
Infection
The following predispose a woman to genital tract Candidiasis: Pregnancy
268
Infection
The following predispose a woman to genital tract Candidiasis: Taking the combined oral
contraceptive pill
269
Infection
The following predispose a woman to genital tract Candidiasis: The use of steroid
inhalers for asthma
270
Infection
Vaginal trichomoniasis is caused by a flagellated protozoan
271
Infection
Vaginal trichomoniasis is not sexually transmissible
Page 8 of 22
272
Infection
Vaginal trichomoniasis is treated with metronidazole
273
Infection
Vaginal trichomoniasis is treated with Penicillin
274
Infection
Vaginal trichomoniasis may cause cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
275
Infection
Vaginal trichomoniasis produces a green odourless discharge
276
Infertility
A normal semen sample should have a cream colour
277
Infertility
A normal semen sample should have a pH of 7.5-8.5
278
Infertility
A normal semen sample should have a sperm count of >20,000,000/mL
279
Infertility
A normal semen sample should have a volume of >4mL
280
Infertility
A normal semen sample should liquify within 30 minutes of ejaculation
281
Infertility
A normal semen sample should liquify within 5 minutes of ejaculation
282
Infertility
Azoospermic males who have not undergone vasectomy do not ejaculate.
283
Infertility
Azoospermic males who have not undergone vasectomy do not require a chromosome
analysis.
284
Infertility
Azoospermic males who have not undergone vasectomy should have a FSH level
performed
285
Infertility
Azoospermic males who have not undergone vasectomy should have a repeat semen
analysis after 3 months
286
Infertility
Azoospermic males who have not undergone vasectomy should have a testicular biopsy
performed
287
Infertility
Secondary infertility is frequently due to a chromosome defect in the woman
288
Infertility
Secondary infertility is frequently due to anovulation
289
Infertility
Secondary infertility is frequently due to reversible conditions
290
Infertility
Secondary infertility is frequently due to tubal problems
291
Infertility
Secondary infertility is infrequently due to anovulation
292
Infertility
Secondary infertility may be due to adenomyosis
293
Infertility
Secondary infertility may be due to endometriosis
294
Infertility
Women with anovulatory infertility have a low day 21 progesterone level
295
Infertility
Women with anovulatory infertility have a low LH level
296
Infertility
Women with anovulatory infertility have a raised FSH level
297
Infertility
Women with anovulatory infertility have blocked fallopian tubes
298
Infertility
Women with anovulatory infertility usually have oligomenorrhoea
299
IUGR
Aetiological factors that may cause intra uterine growth restriction include fetal
malformations
300
IUGR
Aetiological factors that may cause intra uterine growth restriction include maternal
hypertension
301
IUGR
Aetiological factors that may cause intra uterine growth restriction include severe
maternal anaemia
302
IUGR
Aetiological factors that may cause intra uterine growth restriction include
transplacental fetal infections
303
IUGR
Aetiological factors that may cause intra uterine growth restriction include twin
pregnancy.
304
IUGR
Intra uterine growth restriction is suspected when fetal activity is reduced at term
305
IUGR
lntra uterine growth restriction is suspected when fetal activity is significantly

reduced at 34 weeks gestation
306
IUGR
lntra uterine growth restriction is suspected when fetal heart variability increases
307
IUGR
lntra uterine growth restriction is suspected when maternal weight decreases
Page 9 of 22
308
IUGR
lntra uterine growth restriction is suspected when polyhydramnios is present
309
IUGR
lntra uterine growth restriction is suspected when the uterus is small for dates
310
Labour
Contraindications to the use of epidural anaesthesia in labour include an OP position of

the fetal head.
311
Labour
Contraindications to the use of epidural anaesthesia in labour include maternal

coagulation defects.
312
Labour
Contraindications to the use of epidural anaesthesia in labour include pregnancy

induced hypertension
313
Labour
Contraindications to the use of epidural anaesthesia in labour include skin infection

near the site of placement of the epidural catheter.
314
Labour
Contraindications to the use of epidural anaesthesia in labour include vaginal breech

delivery.
315
Labour
Delay in the progress of labour may be associated with elderly grand multiparous
women
316
Labour
Delay in the progress of labour may be associated with engagement of the head in the
transverse position
317
Labour
Delay in the progress of labour may be associated with incoordinate uterine

contractions
318
Labour
Delay in the progress of labour may be associated with occipito-posterior position of

the fetal head
319
Labour
In a normal multigravid labour the duration of labour is usually between 8-12 hours
320
Labour
In a normal multigravid labour the fetal head always fully engages in the first stage of
labour
321
Labour
In a normal multigravid labour the latent phase of labour is longer than that of a
primigravid labour
322
Labour
In a normal multigravid labour the maximum rate of cervical dilatation is 1.5cm per hour
323
Labour
In a normal multigravid labour the rate of cervical dilatation is constant
324
Labour
In a singleton pregnancy the fetal head flexes at the neck when it passes over the
perineum
325
Labour
In a singleton pregnancy the normal second stage of labour begins when the head
crowns
326
Labour
In a singleton pregnancy the normal second stage of labour ends when the fetal head is
delivered
327
Labour
In a singleton pregnancy the normal second stage of labour involves a fresh show of
blood as a sign of entering the second stage
328
Labour
In labour, fetal heart rate patterns that may indicate fetal compromise include a
baseline variability of 5-10 bpm
329
Labour
baseline variability of more than 10 bpm
330
Labour
persistent rate of 100 bpm
331
Labour
persistent rate of 175 bpm
332
Labour
In labour, fetal heart rate patterns that may indicate fetal compromise include
accelerations with fetal movements
333
Labour
In labour, fetal heart rate patterns that may indicate fetal compromise include early
decelerations (type I dips)
334
Labour
In labour, uterine contractions are stronger in the latent phase of labour
335
Labour
In labour, uterine contractions are stronger in the lower rather than the upper uterine
segment
336
Labour
In labour, uterine contractions are under voluntary control
Page 10 of 22
337
Labour
In labour, uterine contractions lead to temporary ischaemia in the myometrium
338
Labour
In labour, uterine contractions originate in the lower uterine segment
339
Labour
In the third stage of labour, Syntocinon doses above 100 International Units can cause
water retention
340
Labour
In the third stage of labour, Syntocinon if given orally may cause vomiting
341
Labour
In the third stage of labour, Syntocinon in standard doses causes a sustained

contraction of the uterus.
342
Labour
In the third stage of labour, Syntocinon may be given in combination with Ergometrine
343
Labour
In the third stage of labour, Syntocinon may cause hypertension
344
Labour
Pethidine can be used for analgesia in labour, but it causes neonatal respiratory
depression if given within one hour of delivery
345
Labour
Pethidine can be used for analgesia in labour, but it causes vomiting
346
Labour
Pethidine can be used for analgesia in labour, but it depresses myometrial activity
347
Labour
Pethidine can be used for analgesia in labour, but it is not adequate in one third of
cases
348
Labour
Pethidine can be used for analgesia in labour, but it is not adequate in the majority of
cases
349
Labour
Pethidine can be used for analgesia in labour, but it must be given intramuscularly
350
Labour
Progress in labour depends on the adequacy of the womans bony pelvis
351
Labour
Progress in labour depends on the length of the umbilical cord
352
Labour
Progress in labour depends on the pliability of the pelvic muscles
353
Labour
Progress in labour depends on the position of the fetal head
354
Labour
Progress in labour depends on the strength and frequency of uterine contractions
355
Labour
Progress in labour is assessed clinically by descent of the presenting part
356
Labour
Progress in labour is assessed clinically by dilatation of the cervix
357
Labour
Progress in labour is assessed clinically by effacement of the cervix
358
Labour
Progress in labour is assessed clinically by the force of the uterine contractions
359
Labour
Progress in labour is assessed clinically by the frequency of the uterine contractions.
360
Labour
Progress in labour is assessed clinically by the length of time since spontaneous rupture
of the membranes
361
Labour
The Bishop score is a measure of cervical favourability for induction of labour. It

includes scoring the consistency of the cervix
362
Labour

includes scoring the dilatation of the cervix
363
Labour

includes scoring the length of the cervix
364
Labour

includes scoring the parity score
365
Labour

includes scoring the position of the cervix in the axial plane
366
Labour

includes scoring the station of the presenting part above the ischial spines
367
Labour

includes scoring the station of the presenting part above the pelvic brim
368
Labour
The normal second stage of labour in a singleton pregnancy begins when the mother
experiences the urge to push
369
Labour
The normal second stage of labour in a singleton pregnancy ends when the placenta is
delivered.
Page 11 of 22
370
Labour
The normal second stage of labour in a singleton pregnancy is accompanied by the

strongest and most painful uterine contractions in the whole labour.
371
Labour
The normal second stage of labour in a singleton pregnancy takes a longer time to
complete if the fetal head remains in the occipito-posterior position.
372
Labour
The normal second stage of labour in a singleton pregnancy: The fetal head extends at
the neck when it passes over the perineum
373
Labour
The third stage of labour commences with the complete delivery of the fetus
374
Labour
The third stage of labour is accompanied by a fresh show of blood originating from the
fetus
375
Labour
The third stage of labour is heralded by lengthening of the umbilical cord
376
Labour
The third stage of labour is the most likely time to cause Rhesus Iso immunisation in the
Rhesus negative woman
377
Labour
The third stage of labour takes longer in the primigravid woman
378
Labour
The third stage of labour: Placental separation is heralded by lengthening of the

umbilical cord
379
Labour
When used in the third stage of labour, Ergometrine causes rhythmical contractions of
the uterus
380
Labour
When used in the third stage of labour, Ergometrine if given intravenously may cause
vomiting
381
Labour
When used in the third stage of labour, Ergometrine is often given in combination with
Syntocinon
382
Labour
When used in the third stage of labour, Ergometrine may be administered

intra-vaginally
383
Labour
When used in the third stage of labour, Ergometrine may cause maternal hypertension
384
Leukorrhoea
Leukorrhoea can be associated with a cervical ectropion
385
Leukorrhoea
Leukorrhoea can be associated with pregnancy
386
Leukorrhoea
Leukorrhoea can be associated with the use of an intra uterine contraceptive device
387
Leukorrhoea
Leukorrhoea is associated with high oestrogen levels
388
Leukorrhoea
Leukorrhoea is free of pathogens
389
Leukorrhoea
Leukorrhoea produces a discharge that causes a brown or yellow staining on a womans

underwear
390
Malignancy
Cervical cancer is treated by removing the regional lymph nodes, the uterus and both
ovaries in women of reproductive age.
391
Malignancy
Cervical cancer may present with post coital bleeding
392
Malignancy
Cervical cancer occurs in both pre and post menopausal women
393
Malignancy
Cervical cancer occurs only in pre menopausal women
394
Malignancy
Cervical cancer occurs only in women of reproductive age
395
Malignancy
Cervical cancer: Advanced stage cervical cancer is treated by radiotherapy or in some

centres by chemotherapy.
396
Malignancy
Cervical cancer: Post treatment follow-up includes measuring tumour markers.
397
Malignancy
Cervical cancer: The incidence has been reduced by the Pap smear screening program
for asymptomatic women
398
Malignancy
Cervical cancer: The incidence has been reduced by the Pap smear screening program
for symptomatic women
399
Malignancy
Cervical cancer: The incidence of endocervical cancer of the cervix is decreasing
400
Malignancy
Cervical cancer: The incidence of endocervical cancer of the cervix is increasing
401
Malignancy
Endometrial cancer is found more commonly in post menopausal women
402
Malignancy
Endometrial cancer is found more commonly in women who have had anovulatory
menstruation
Page 12 of 22
403
Malignancy
Endometrial cancer is found more commonly in women who have had ovulatory
menstruation
404
Malignancy
Endometrial cancer is more common in forty year old women than in sixty year old
women
405
Malignancy
Endometrial cancer is more common in multiparous women
406
Malignancy
Endometrial cancer is more common in obese women
407
Malignancy
Endometrial cancer is more common in women who have been on the combined oral
contraceptive pill
408
Malignancy
Endometrial cancer is more common in women who have been previously diagnosed with
endometrial hyperplasia
409
Menopause
A premature menopause is associated with a late onset of osteoporosis.
410
Menopause
A premature menopause is associated with a lowered FSH level
411
Menopause
A premature menopause is associated with an early onset of osteoporosis.
412
Menopause
A premature menopause is associated with genital herpes.
413
Menopause
A premature menopause is associated with secondary amenorrhoea
414
Menopause
A premature menopause may be associated with a history of an early onset menarche
415
Menopause
A premature menopause may be associated with chemotherapy
416
Menopause
A premature menopause may be associated with maternal chromosomal abnormalities
417
Menopause
A premature menopause may be associated with mumps
418
Menopause
A premature menopause may be associated with smoking
419
Menopause
Changes in the genital tract after the menopause include thinning of the vaginal
epithelium due to intermediate cells replacing superficial cells within the epithelium.
420
Menopause
Changes in the genital tract after the menopause include thinning of the vaginal
epithelium due to superficial cells replacing intermediate cells within the epithelium.
421
Menopause
Changes in the genital tract after the menopause include: The body of the uterus
becomes smaller than the cervix
422
Menopause
Changes in the genital tract after the menopause include: The labia majora may lose
their fat revealing the labia minora.
423
Menopause
Changes in the genital tract after the menopause include: The urethral mucosa thickens
due to a relative increase in testosterone.
424
Menopause
Changes in the genital tract after the menopause include: Vaginal acidity diminishes
allowing pathogenic organisms to grow more easily.
425
Menstrual cycle
Features of the premenstrual syndrome include failure to ovulate
426
Menstrual cycle
Features of the premenstrual syndrome include premenstrual depression.
427
Menstrual cycle
Features of the premenstrual syndrome include premenstrual irritability
428
Menstrual cycle
Features of the premenstrual syndrome include tender breasts
429
Menstrual cycle
Features of the premenstrual syndrome include weight loss
430
Menstrual cycle
Menstruation: Menstrual disorders occur most commonly between 30-35 yrs of age.
431
Menstrual cycle
Menstruation: Menstrual loss consists of fragments of endometrium, myometrium,

blood and tissue fluid.
432
Menstrual cycle
Menstruation: Primary amenorrhoea may be due to vaginal agenesis.
433
Menstrual cycle
Menstruation: The duration of menstrual bleeding is normally less than seven days
434
Menstrual cycle
Menstruation: The normal volume of blood lost during menstruation is less than 80mls
435
Menstrual cycle
Presumptive ovulation is suggested in a 28-day menstrual cycle by a high day 14 serum

progesterone
436
Menstrual cycle
Presumptive ovulation is suggested in a 28-day menstrual cycle by a high day 21 serum

progesterone
437
Menstrual cycle
Presumptive ovulation is suggested in a 28-day menstrual cycle by a raised day 21
Page 13 of 22
serum Prolactin
438
Menstrual cycle
Presumptive ovulation is suggested in a 28-day menstrual cycle by endometrial

proliferation found on histology from an endometrial biopsy.
439
Menstrual cycle
Presumptive ovulation is suggested in a 28-day menstrual cycle by observing a rise in

basal body temperature in the second half of the menstrual cycle.
440
Menstrual cycle
Presumptive ovulation is suggested in a 28-day menstrual cycle by watery cervical

mucus on day 21.
441
Menstrual cycle
The endometrium contains large quantities of glycogen during the secretory phase
442
Menstrual cycle
The endometrium contains very few mitoses during the follicular phase.
443
Menstrual cycle
The endometrium has short straight glands during the secretory phase
444
Menstrual cycle
The endometrium is completely shed dunng menstruation.
445
Menstrual cycle
The endometrium is supplied with blood by the spiral ovarian arteries
446
Mortality
Maternal mortality in Australia: Direct maternal deaths result from complications of

the pregnant state e.g. post partum haemorrhage, amniotic fluid embolism.
447
Mortality
Maternal mortality in Australia: Incidental maternal deaths are due to conditions

occurring during pregnancy where the pregnancy is unlikely to have contributed
significantly to the death e.g. MVAs and malignancies.
448
Mortality
Maternal mortality in Australia: Indirect maternal deaths are due to conditions

occurring during pregnancy where the pregnancy is likely to have contributed
significantly to the death e.g. congenital heart defects, asthma.
449
Mortality
Maternal mortality in Australia: Indirect maternal deaths are due to conditions

occurring during pregnancy where the pregnancy is unlikely to have contributed
significantly to the death e.g. MVAs and malignancies.
450
Mortality
Maternal mortality in Australia: Maternal mortality figures are confined to the death
of women during childbirth and the puerperium.
451
Mortality
Maternal mortality in Australia: Maternal mortality rate in Australia in recent years is

between 10-15 per 10,000 confinements.
452
Mortality
Maternal mortality in Australia: Maternal mortality rate in Australia in recent years is

between 10-15 per 100,000 confinements.
453
Mortality
Perinatal mortality in Australia by definition combines both stillbirths and neonatal

deaths
454
Mortality
Perinatal mortality in Australia: Major fetal anomalies are not in the top four causes of
perinatal mortality.
455
Mortality
Perinatal mortality in Australia: Preterm birth occurs in 8% of all births but comprises
>70% of perinatal deaths.
456
Mortality
Perinatal mortality in Australia: The non-indigenous perinatal mortality rate is about

10 per 1000 total births.
457
Mortality
Perinatal mortality in Australia: There are more stillbirths than neonatal deaths.
458
Pain
Common causes of chronic pelvic pain include endometriosis
459
Pain
Common causes of chronic pelvic pain include endometritis
460
Pain
Common causes of chronic pelvic pain include irritable bowel syndrome
461
Pain
Common causes of chronic pelvic pain include ovarian dermoid cysts
462
Pain
Common causes of chronic pelvic pain include pelvic inflammatory disease
463
Pain
Common causes of chronic pelvic pain include uterine retroversion
464
Pain
Pelvic pain: Acute pain reflects fresh tissue damage and resolves with healing.
465
Pain
Pelvic pain: Chronic pain does not persist long after the original tissue injury.
466
Pain
Pelvic pain: The causes of chronic pelvic pain are well understood.
467
Pain
Pelvic pain: Visceral pain is sharp and well localised.
468
Pain
Pelvic pain: Visceral pain may be induced by distension, spasm and hypoxia.
Page 14 of 22
469
PID
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease in Australia is more often due to Chlamydia than
gonorrhoeal infection
470
PID
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease in Australia may give rise to a mucoid bowel
discharge due to peritonitis
471
PID
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease is best diagnosed by pelvic ultrasound
472
PID
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease is frequently due to Chlamydia infection
473
PID
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease leads to subsequent infertility in 40% of cases
474
PID
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease may give rise to the Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome of
pain in the Pouch of Douglas
475
PID
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease may give rise to urinary frequency due to peritonitis
476
PID
Acute pelvic inflammatory disease may lead to subsequent infertility
477
PID
The clinical presentation of acute pelvic inflammatory disease may include anterior
abdominal muscle spasm
478
PID
The clinical presentation of acute pelvic inflammatory disease may include bilateral
lower abdominal pain
479
PID
The clinical presentation of acute pelvic inflammatory disease may include fever over
38 C
480
PID
The clinical presentation of acute pelvic inflammatory disease may include loose bowel
motions/diarrhoea
481
PID
The clinical presentation of acute pelvic inflammatory disease may include urinary
frequency
482
PIH
Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH): In addition to the signs of severe PIH if a

patient complains of epigastric pain and a severe headache eclampsia may be imminent
483
PIH
Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH): Magnesium sulphate cures PIH and allows
prolongation of the pregnancy.
484
PIH
Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH): Oedema is associated with all grades of PIH but
is only of diagnostic significance if it has a generalised distribution
485
PIH
Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH): The incidence of PIH is more common in patients
with chronic renal disease
486
PIH
Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH): The presence of more than 300mg/day of

urinary protein is the additional criterion for the diagnosis of severe PIH.
487
Placenta
Checking of the placenta, membranes and umbilical cord following birth: Careful
examination of the fetal surface of the placenta will detect missing cotyledons.
488
Placenta
Checking of the placenta, membranes and umbilical cord following birth: Fetal blood
vessels running to the edge of the membranes raise the possibility of a retained
succenturiate lobe.
489
Placenta
Checking of the placenta, membranes and umbilical cord following birth: If the
membranes are ragged the possibility of retained membranes inside the uterus must be
considered.
490
Placenta
Checking of the placenta, membranes and umbilical cord following birth: The presence
of a true knot in the umbilical cord always results in fetal death.
491
Placenta
Checking of the placenta, membranes and umbilical cord following birth: There are
usually three vessels in the umbilical cord, two arteries and one vein.
492
Placenta
Checking of the placenta, membranes and umbilical cord following birth: There are
usually three vessels in the umbilical cord, two veins and one artery.
493
Placenta
Manual removal of the placenta contra indicates breast feeding
494
Placenta
Manual removal of the placenta has been superseded by the use of the suction curette
495
Placenta
Manual removal of the placenta is an indication for giving prophylactic antibiotics
496
Placenta
Manual removal of the placenta is performed using a paracervical block as analgesia.
497
Placenta
Manual removal of the placenta is performed using a pudendal block as analgesia
498
Placenta
Manual removal of the placenta should be performed if the membranes are ragged
Page 15 of 22
499
Placenta
The following clinical features would support a diagnosis of placenta praevia: A high
presenting fetal part
500
Placenta
The following clinical features would support a diagnosis of placenta praevia: A small
uterus for gestational age.
501
Placenta
The following clinical features would support a diagnosis of placenta praevia: A tender
uterus.
502
Placenta
The following clinical features would support a diagnosis of placenta praevia: Painful
vaginal bleeding.
503
Placenta
The following clinical features would support a diagnosis of placenta praevia: Recurrent
fetal heart rate decelerations noted when using a handheld Doppler machine.
504
Placental abruption
A woman experiencing a significant degree of placental abruption does not predispose

to post partum haemorrhage
505
Placental abruption
A woman experiencing a significant degree of placental abruption may not present with
vaginal bleeding
506
Placental abruption
Complications of placental abruption include afibrinogenaemia
507
Placental abruption
Complications of placental abruption include fetal renal cortical necrosis
508
Placental abruption
Complications of placental abruption include intra uterine growth restriction
509
Placental abruption
Complications of placental abruption include maternal disseminated intravascular

coagulation
510
Placental abruption
Complications of placental abruption include polyhydramnios.
511
Placental abruption
Complications of placental abruption include preterm labour
512
Placental abruption
Complications of placental abruption include the subsequent development of fetal

macrosomia.
513
Placental abruption
Complications of placental abruption may include maternal renal cortical necrosis.
514
Placental abruption
Complications of placental abruption may include placenta accreta.
515
Placental abruption
Complications of placental abruption may include prolonged gestation and post date
delivery.
516
Placental abruption
Complications of placental abruption may include shoulder dystocia subsequent to the

development of fetal macrosomia.
517
Placental abruption
In placental abruption after 36 weeks of pregnancy the fetal lie will be abnormal
518
Placental abruption
In placental abruption the fetus is often anaemic at birth
519
Placental abruption
In placental abruption the mother may develop disseminated intravascular coagulation
520
Placental abruption
In placental abruption the placenta is characteristically situated in the lower segment
521
Placental abruption
In placental abruption, the uterine size is usually smaller than the expected size
522
Placental abruption
In placental abruption: Placental abruption is associated with multiparity and cigarette

smoking
523
Placental abruption
Placental abruption always presents with vaginal bleeding.
524
Placental abruption
Placental abruption in the majority of cases is not associated with abdominal pain
525
Placental abruption
Placental abruption is associated with an increased incidence of post partum

haemorrhage.
526
Placental abruption
Placental abruption may adversely affect fetal wellbeing
527
Postmature birth
Post maturity is an indication for induction of labour
528
Postmature birth
Post maturity is associated with a higher incidence of meconium in labour
529
Postmature birth
Post maturity is associated with bigger babies than those born at 40 weeks
530
Postmature birth
Post maturity is defined as a pregnancy extended beyond 41 completed weeks of

pregnancy
531
Postmature birth
Post maturity is defined as a pregnancy extended beyond 42 completed weeks of

pregnancy
Page 16 of 22
532
Postmature birth
Post maturity: There is a higher perinatal mortality rate than infants born at 40 weeks
533
PPH
Primary postpartum haemorrhage is associated with multiple pregnancy
534
PPH
Primary postpartum haemorrhage is associated with not using an oxytocic and increases
the incidence of PPH significantly
535
PPH
Primary postpartum haemorrhage is associated with oligohydramnios
536
PPH
Primary postpartum haemorrhage is associated with polyhydramnios
537
PPH
Primary postpartum haemorrhage is associated with precipitate labour
538
PPH
Primary postpartum haemorrhage is associated with previous antepartum haemorrhage
539
PPH
Primary postpartum haemorrhage is associated with previous post partum haemorrhage
540
PPH
Primary postpartum haemorrhage is associated with prolonged labour
541
PPH
Secondary post partum haemorrhage is often due to retained products of conception
542
PPH
Secondary post partum haemorrhage may be associated with endometritis
543
PPH
Secondary post partum haemorrhage may be caused by subserosal uterine fibroids
544
PPH
Secondary post partum haemorrhage may cause maternal megaloblastic anaemia
545
PPH
Secondary post partum haemorrhage occurs in the first eight weeks following childbirth
546
PPH
Secondary post partum haemorrhage occurs in the first six weeks following childbirth
547
PPH
Secondary post partum haemorrhage requires the loss of 500mls of blood to meet the
definition
548
Pre-conception
Preconception advice in Australia involves checking the family history for birth defects
549
Pre-conception
Preconception advice in Australia involves checking the family history for diabetes and
hypertension
550
Pre-conception
Preconception advice in Australia involves checking the womans blood group
551
Pre-conception
Preconception advice in Australia involves checking the womans past obstetric history
552
Pre-conception
Preconception advice in Australia involves providing information about reducing the risk
of neural tube defects
553
Pre-conception
Preconceptual counselling should be reserved for high risk patients
554
Pre-conception
Preconceptual counselling should include a check on Rubella and Hepatitis B status
555
Pre-conception
Preconceptual counselling should include a pelvic examination & Pap smear
556
Pre-conception
Preconceptual counselling should include advice about smoking
557
Pre-conception
Preconceptual counselling should include information regarding the use of folic acid
558
Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia affects about 1% of primigravida.
559
Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia is a disorder confined to the cardiovascular and/or the renal systems

during pregnancy.
560
Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia: In women with pre-eclampsia presenting before 34 weeks of pregnancy

a careful search for an underlying medical disorder such as renal disease should be
made.
561
Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia: Pre-eclampsia can be superimposed on chronic hypertension.
562
Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia: Pre-eclampsia is a disorder confined to the cardiovascular system

during pregnancy.
563
Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia: The hypertension of pre-eclampsia returns to normal within 3 months of

delivery.
564
Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia: There is evidence that pre-eclampsia has a genetic basis because of the
increased incidence of the condition between mothers and their daughters.
565
Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia: With pre-eclampsia hypertension precedes the onset of proteinuria.
566
Preterm birth
Preterm birth by definition occurs before the end of the 36th completed week of
pregnancy
567
Preterm birth
Preterm birth includes all babies born weighing less than 2500g
Page 17 of 22
568
Preterm birth
Preterm birth is associated with low maternal age
569
Preterm birth
Preterm birth is associated with mothers from lower socioeconomic groups
570
Preterm birth
Preterm birth is not associated with bacterial vaginosis
571
Prolapse
An enterocele can be treated with faradic stimulation by physiotherapists.
572
Prolapse
An enterocele is lined by peritoneum.
573
Prolapse
An enterocele is usually diagnosed by urodynamic studies
574
Prolapse
An enterocele may be a long term complication of vaginal hysterectomy
575
Prolapse
An enterocele usually contains rectum
576
Prolapse
First-degree bladder prolapse is also known as a Procidentia
577
Prolapse
First-degree bladder prolapse is always treated by anterior wall colporrhaphy
578
Prolapse
First-degree bladder prolapse is present when the bladder prolapse reaches above the
introitus
579
Prolapse
First-degree bladder prolapse may affect coital function
580
Prolapse
First-degree bladder prolapse may predispose the woman to urinary tract infections
581
Prolapse
Second degree bladder prolapse is also known as a Procidentia
582
Prolapse
Second degree bladder prolapse is present when the bladder reaches the introitus
583
Prolapse
Second degree bladder prolapse may affect bowel function
584
Prolapse
Second degree bladder prolapse may be caused by birth trauma.
585
Prolapse
Second degree bladder prolapse may predispose the woman to urinary tract infections
586
Prolapse
Second degree posterior vaginal wall prolapse frequently predisposes the woman to
hydronephrosis.
587
Prolapse
Second degree posterior vaginal wall prolapse is also known as a Procidentia
588
Prolapse
Second degree posterior vaginal wall prolapse is present when the rectocele reaches the
introitus
589
Prolapse
Second degree posterior vaginal wall prolapse may be caused by birth trauma.
590
Prolapse
Second degree posterior vaginal wall prolapse may cause difficulties with defaecation
591
Prolapse
Second degree uterine prolapse is also known as a Procidentia
592
Prolapse
Second degree uterine prolapse is present when the uterine cervix reaches the introitus
593
Prolapse
Second degree uterine prolapse is treated by anterior wall colporrhaphy
594
Prolapse
Second degree uterine prolapse may affect urinary bladder function
595
Prolapse
Second degree uterine prolapse may cause sacral back ache
596
PROM
Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) may lead to the onset of preterm labour
597
PROM
Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) will be confirmed by detecting fetal

squames in the fluid from the posterior vaginal fornix
598
PROM
Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) will be confirmed by observing fluid

coming out of the cervical canal
599
PROM
Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM): Mothers with PROM between 24-34
weeks of pregnancy should be given steroids to stimulate oxytocin production in the
fetal lungs
600
PROM
Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM): Mothers with PROM between 24-34
weeks of pregnancy should be given steroids to stimulate surfactant production in the
fetal lungs
601
PROM
Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM): The use of prophylactic antibiotics

reduces the incidence of neonatal infection.
602
Puberty
Changes that occur in the vagina at puberty include an increase in the pH in the vagina
603
Puberty
Changes that occur in the vagina at puberty include colonisation by Escherichia coli
Page 18 of 22
604
Puberty
Changes that occur in the vagina at puberty include exfoliation of superficial cells with
pyknotic nuclei
605
Puberty
Changes that occur in the vagina at puberty include glycogenation of the epithelium
606
Puberty
Changes that occur in the vagina at puberty include the appearance of glands in the
epithelium
607
Puerperium
In the puerperium: At six weeks the uterine size has returned to normal
608
Puerperium
In the puerperium: In non-breast feeding women menstruation commences six weeks

after delivery
609
Puerperium
In the puerperium: Lochia consists of red blood cells and decidua
610
Puerperium
In the puerperium: Lochia is red for the first 8-10 days postpartum
611
Puerperium
In the puerperium: The uterine fundus is usually palpable suprapubically 10 days after
delivery
612
Puerperium
Predisposing factors in the development of puerperal infection include episiotomy
613
Puerperium
Predisposing factors in the development of puerperal infection include fetal congenital

heart conditions.
614
Puerperium
Predisposing factors in the development of puerperal infection include forcep delivery
615
Puerperium
Predisposing factors in the development of puerperal infection include haemorrhage
616
Puerperium
Predisposing factors in the development of puerperal infection include manual removal

of a retained placenta.
617
Puerperium
Predisposing factors in the development of puerperal infection include maternal

anaemia
618
Puerperium
Predisposing factors in the development of puerperal infection include prolonged

labour
619
Puerperium

operating time during an emergency caesarean section
620
Puerperium

premature rupture of the membranes
621
Puerperium
Predisposing factors in the development of puerperal infection include retained

placenta
622
Puerperium
Prior to discharge from hospital the doctor should check the date and status of the last
Pap smear to determine if follow up is required
623
Puerperium
Prior to discharge from hospital the doctor should check the Rhesus status of the
mother to determine if the baby requires immunoglobulin
624
Puerperium
Prior to discharge from hospital the doctor should check the Rubella status of the
mother to determine if the baby requires immunization
625
Puerperium
Prior to discharge from hospital the doctor should check the Syphilis status of the
mother to determine if the baby requires treatment
626
Puerperium
Puerperal psychosis is best managed in a mother and baby unit in a Psychiatric Hospital
627
Puerperium
Puerperal psychosis is usually a manic affective disorder
628
Puerperium
Puerperal psychosis occurs in about 0.1% of women
629
Puerperium
Puerperal psychosis occurs in about 5% of women
630
Puerperium
Puerperal psychosis usually occurs 6 weeks after delivery
631
Puerperium
Puerperal psychosis: 30% of such mothers go on to develop psychotic conditions

unrelated to pregnancy
632
Puerperium
Puerperal pyrexia is a temperature of 38C on any occasion during the first six weeks
after delivery
633
Puerperium
Puerperal pyrexia is commonly due to an infected episiotomy site
634
Puerperium
Puerperal pyrexia is often due to deep venous thrombosis
635
Puerperium
Puerperal pyrexia may be caused by a respiratory infection
Page 19 of 22
636
Puerperium
Puerperal pyrexia may be due to pyelonephritis
637
Rhesus
Rhesus disease in the fetus can be prevented by the use of antenatal anti-D when a
Rhesus positive mother bleeds vaginally during pregnancy.
638
Rhesus
Rhesus disease in the fetus is due to the development of fetal anti-D inimunoglobulin.
639
Rhesus
Rhesus disease in the fetus is due to the development of maternal anti-D

inimunoglobulin.
640
Rhesus
Rhesus disease in the fetus is treated by amniocentesis.
641
Rhesus
Rhesus disease in the fetus occurs commonly in the first pregnancy of Rhesus negative
mothers.
642
Rhesus
Rhesus disease in the fetus occurs in Rhesus negative offspring of Rhesus positive
mothers.
643
Rhesus
The following women require anti-D: A woman who is Rhesus negative and who has a
incomplete abortion
644
Rhesus
The following women require anti-D: A woman who is Rhesus negative whose partner is
Rhesus negative having a chorion villus sampling on genetic grounds
645
Rhesus
The following women require anti-D: A woman who is Rhesus positive and has an ectopic
pregnancy
646
Rhesus
The following women require anti-D: A woman who is Rhesus positive who has a first
trimester abortion on genetic grounds
647
Rhesus
The following women require anti-D: A woman who is Rhesus positive who has a missed
abortion
648
Surgery
Complications of a diagnostic hysteroscopy may include Ashermans syndrome.
649
Surgery
Complications of a diagnostic hysteroscopy may include cervical incompetence.
650
Surgery
Complications of a diagnostic hysteroscopy may include cervical lacerations
651
Surgery
Complications of a diagnostic hysteroscopy may include endometritis
652
Surgery
Complications of a diagnostic hysteroscopy may include uterine perforation.
653
Surgery
Complications of laparoscopy include carbon dioxide embolism
654
Surgery
Complications of laparoscopy include damage to the femoral artery
655
Surgery
Complications of laparoscopy include endosalpingitis
656
Surgery
Complications of laparoscopy include hypoxia
657
Surgery
Complications of laparoscopy include injury to the urinary tract
658
Surgery
Complications of laparoscopy include oxygen embolism
659
Surgery
Complications of laparoscopy may include the development of an umbilical hernia.
660
Surgery
Complications of the gynaecological operation of dilatation and curettage include

Ashermans syndrome
661
Surgery

cervical incompetence
662
Surgery

endometritis
663
Surgery

haemorrhage from cervical lacerations
664
Surgery

uterine perforation
665
Surgery
Complications of uterine curettage include damage to the cervix
666
Surgery
Complications of uterine curettage include damage to the femoral artery
667
Surgery
Complications of uterine curettage include ectosalpingitis
668
Surgery
Complications of uterine curettage include formation of a false passage into the broad
ligament
Page 20 of 22
669
Surgery
Complications of uterine curettage include injury to the urinary bladder
670
Surgery
Post-operative complications arising during the first 24 hours following an abdominal

hysterectomy may include acute urinary retention
671
Surgery

hysterectomy may include pelvic vein thrombosis.
672
Surgery

hysterectomy may include rectus sheath haematoma.
673
Surgery

hysterectomy may include respiratory tract infection due to sputum retention
674
Surgery

hysterectomy may include vaginal vault haemorrhage.
675
Twins
Twin pregnancies predispose to acute pyelonephritis
676
Twins
Twin pregnancies predispose to diabetes mellitus
677
Twins
Twin pregnancies predispose to iron deficiency anaemia
678
Twins
Twin pregnancies predispose to placenta praevia
679
Twins
Twin pregnancies predispose to placental insufficiency
680
Vomiting
Vomiting in early pregnancy decreases with gestational trophoblastic disease
681
Vomiting
Vomiting in early pregnancy increases with gravidity
682
Vomiting
Vomiting in early pregnancy increases with maternal age
683
Vomiting
Vomiting in early pregnancy increases with multiple pregnancy
684
Vomiting
Vomiting in early pregnancy is more common in primigravidas
685
Vomiting
Vomiting in early pregnancy usually settles by the end of the 10th week of pregnancy
686
Vulva
Conditions of the vulva: One of the uses for the cytological smear of the vulva is as a
screening test for women with post menopausal bleeding
687
Vulva
Conditions of the vulva: Psychosomatic conditions may cause vulval irritation.
688
Vulva
Conditions of the vulva: The most common systemic (general) disease causing pruritus
vulvae is renal function impairment.
689
Vulva
Conditions of the vulva: VIN 3 may present with post coital bleeding because this lesion
is vascular
690
Vulva
Conditions of the vulva: VIN 3/ moderate dysplasia/ carcinoma in situ, are different
names for the same entity.
691
Vulva
Condyloma accuminata are caused by Syphilis
692
Vulva
Condyloma accuminata can be present on the ectocervix
693
Vulva
Condyloma accuminata can be transmitted by sexual activity
694
Vulva
Condyloma accuminata may be associated with cervical intra epithelial neoplasia
695
Vulva
Condyloma accuminata may be present on the fingers of the patient
696
Vulva
Vulval ulceration may be due to carcinoma of the vulva
697
Vulva
Vulval ulceration may be due to Herpes Simplex Virus
698
Vulva
Vulval ulceration may be due to Pagets disease of the vulva
699
Vulva
Vulval ulceration may be due to syphilis
700
Vulva
Vulval ulceration may be due to trauma due to the scratching of itchy skin
701
Vulva
Vulval ulceration may be due to vulval intraepithelial neoplasia
702
Vulva
Vulval ulceration may be due to vulval lichen sclerosus
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A complete abortion is characterised by a history of abdominal pain followed by vaginal

A complete abortion is characterised by a history of vaginal bleeding followed by lower

A missed abortion is characterised by heavy vaginal bleeding

A missed abortion is characterised by the lack of uterine growth

A missed abortion is characterised by the loss of the symptoms of pregnancy

A missed abortion is characterised by the opening of the cervical canal

A threatened abortion is characterised by a history of abdominal pain followed by

A threatened abortion is characterised by passing of products of conception

A threatened abortion is characterised by the finding of a closed cervical os on

A threatened abortion is characterised by the mother reporting the loss of the

A threatened abortion is characterised by vaginal bleeding

A threatened abortion never causes rhesus iso-immunisation in a woman who is rhesus

First trimester abortion may be due to chorion villus sampling

First trimester abortion may be due to Down syndrome

First trimester abortion may be due to incompetent cervix

First trimester abortion may be due to poorly controlled diabetes

First trimester abortion may be due to syphilis

Adenomyosis may be associated with external endometriosis

In Adenomyosis, adenomyotic changes can be localised or diffusely spread throughout

In Adenomyosis, no endometrial stroma is found in the myometrium on histological

In Adenomyosis, the uterus is often uniformly enlarged

In Adenomyosis, the uterus is usually tender on palpation

In women with symptomatic adenomyosis endometrium, endometrial stroma and

Symptomatic adenomyosis responds readily to uterine curettage as a therapy.

Oligohydramnios is associated with diabetes mellitus

Oligohydramnios is associated with intrauterine growth restriction

Oligohydramnios is associated with multiple pregnancy

Oligohydramnios is associated with oesophageal atresia

Oligohydramnios is associated with postmaturity

Oligohydramnios is associated with renal agenesis

Polyhydramnios can be associated with a fetus with an imperforate anus

Polyhydramnios can be associated with fetal neural tube defect

Polyhydramnios can be associated with intrauterine growth restriction

Polyhydramnios can be associated with severe Rhesus iso-immunisation

Polyhydramnios increases the risk of cord prolapse

Polyhydramnios increases the risk of malpresentation of the fetus

Polyhydramnios increases the risk of placental abruption

Polyhydramnios increases the risk of post partum haemorrhage

Polyhydramnios is frequently associated with anencephaly

Polyhydramnios is frequently associated with well controlled maternal diabetes mellitus

Polyhydramnios may be associated with fetal renal agenesis

Polyhydramnios may be associated with maternal diabetes mellitus.

Anaemia discovered during pregnancy may be due to haemo-concentration due to

Anaemia discovered during pregnancy may be macrocytic and due to Thalassaemia.

Anaemia discovered during pregnancy may be macrocytic and due to Vitamin B 12

Antenatal care: In Australia socioeconomic circumstances are not important in

Antenatal care: The presence of glycosuria during pregnancy is a reliable predictor of

A patient at 39 weeks gestation who has an antepartum haemorrhage may need an

A patient at 39 weeks gestation who has an antepartum haemorrhage requires a blood

A patient at 39 weeks gestation who has an antepartum haemorrhage requires

A patient at 39 weeks gestation who has an antepartum haemorrhage requires placental

A patient at 39 weeks gestation who has an antepartum haemorrhage should be

Antepartum haemorrhage is a contraindication for a digital vaginal examination.

Antepartum haemorrhage is most commonly maternal blood

Antepartum haemorrhage may be caused by an endocervical polyp.

Antepartum haemorrhage may occur from the 18th week of pregnancy

Antepartum haemorrhage may occur from the 20th week of pregnancy

Antepartum haemorrhage may occur in the late first stage of labour

Antepartum haemorrhage occurs in 1% of pregnancies

Antepartum haemorrhage occurs in 5% of pregnancies

Breast development during pregnancy is characterised by a decrease in vascularity of

Breast development during pregnancy is characterised by an increase in vascularity of