Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy,
UNS K94610 containing nominally 29 % nickel, 17 % cobalt,
and 53 % iron, in the forms of wire, rod, bar, strip, sheet, and
tubing, intended primarily for sealing to glass in electronic
applications.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test
method portion, Sections 13 and 14 of this specification. This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
the following information:
3.1.1 Size,
3.1.2 Temper (Section 6),
3.1.3 Surface finish (Section 10),
3.1.4 Marking and packaging (Section 17), and
3.1.5 Certification if required.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Chemical Requirements
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on
Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.03 on Metallic
Materials.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
approved in 1961 as F15 61T. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F15 04
(2009). DOI: 10.1520/F0015-04R13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F15 04 (2013)
150
150
F15 04 (2013)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Element
Composition, %
Iron, nominal
Nickel, nominal
Cobalt, nominal
Manganese, max
Silicon, max
Carbon, max
Aluminum, max
Magnesium, max
Zirconium, max
Titanium, max
Copper, max
Chromium, max
Molybdenum, max
53 A
29 A
17 A
0.50
0.20
0.04
0.10 B
0.10 B
0.10 B
0.10 B
0.20
0.20
0.20
A
The iron, nickel, and cobalt requirements listed are nominal. They shall be
adjusted by the manufacturer so that the alloy meets the requirements for
coefficient of thermal expansion given in Table 4.
B
The total of aluminum, magnesium, zirconium, and titanium shall not exceed
0.20 %.
Temper Name
annealed
hard
half hard
34 hard
hard
14
A
B
C
D
E
85 (585) max
85 to 105 (585 to 725)
95 to 115 (655 to 795)
105 to 125 (725 to 860)
125 (860) min
7. Grain Size
7.1 Strip and sheet for deep drawing shall have an average
grain size not larger than ASTM No. 5 (Note 1), and no more
than 10 % of the grains shall be larger than No. 5 when
measured in accordance with Test Methods E112.
8. Hardness
8.1 Deep-Drawing TemperFor deep drawing, the hardness
shall not exceed 82 HRB for material 0.100 in. (2.54 mm) and
less in thickness and 85 HRB for material over 0.100 in. in
thickness when determined in accordance with Test Methods
E18. See also Test Method E92 for Vickers Hardness and Table
3, E140 for the appropriate conversion between various hardness scales.
13. Transformation
13.1 The temperature of the gamma-to-alpha transformation
shall be below 78.5C when the material is tested in accordance with Section 14. However, for material whose smallest
TABLE 4 Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
Temperature Range, C
30 to 400
30 to 450
4.60 to 5.20
5.10 to 5.50
A
Typical thermal expansion data for the alloy covered by these specifications are
provided in Appendix X1.
9. Tensile Strength
9.1 Sheet and Strip:
3
F15 04 (2013)
dimension is over 78 in. (22.2 mm), some localized
transformation, acceptable to the purchaser, may be tolerated.
15.3 Cold-Drawn TubingCold-drawn tubing, available either as seamless or welded, shall conform to the permissible
variations prescribed in Table 9.
NOTE 1 Measurement shall be made at least 38 in. (9.5 mm) from the edge of strip over 1 in. (25.4 mm) wide.
Specified Thickness, in. (mm)
0.160 to 0.100 (4.06 to 2.54), incl
0.099 to 0.069 (2.51 to 1.75), incl
0.068 to 0.050 (1.73 to 1.27), incl
0.049 to 0.035 (1.24 to 0.89), incl
0.034 to 0.029 (0.86 to 0.74), incl
0.028 to 0.026 (0.71 to 0.66), incl
0.025 to 0.020 (0.64 to 0.51), incl
0.019 to 0.017 (0.48 to 0.43), incl
0.016 to 0.012 (0.41 to 0.31), incl
0.011 to 0.0101 (0.28 to 0.26), incl
0.010 to 0.0091 (0.25 to 0.23), incl
0.009 to 0.006 (0.23 to 0.15), incl
Under 0.006 (0.15)
0.002 (0.051)
0.002 (0.051)
0.002 (0.051)
0.002 (0.051)
0.0015 (0.038)
0.0015 (0.038)
0.001 (0.025)
0.001 (0.025)
0.001 (0.025)
0.001 (0.025)
0.001 (0.025)
0.00075 (0.019)
0.0005 (0.013)
0.003 (0.076)
0.003 (0.076)
0.003 (0.076)
0.0025 (0.064)
0.002 (0.051)
0.0015 (0.038)
0.0015 (0.038)
0.001 (0.025)
0.001 (0.025)
0.001 (0.025)
0.001 (0.025)
0.00075 (0.019)
0.0005 (0.013)
F15 04 (2013)
TABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Thickness Across Width of Strip
Maximum Variation in Thickness Across Width of Strip, Within Those Provided for in
Table 4 for Edge Measurements for Widths and Thicknesses Given, in. (mm)
Over 12 to 24 (300 to
5 (127) and Under
Over 5 to 12 (127 to 300)
600), incl
in.
mm
in.
mm
in.
mm
0.00075
0.0191
0.001
0.025
0.0015
0.038
0.001
0.025
0.0015
0.038
0.002
0.051
0.0015
0.038
0.002
0.051
0.0025
0.064
0.002
0.051
0.0025
0.064
0.003
0.076
Specified Thickness
in.
mm
0.17
0.03
0.06
0.16
to
to
to
to
0.03,
0.06,
0.16,
0.48,
incl
incl
incl
excl
Under 12 to 316
(12.7 to 4.8)
...
0.010 (0.25)
0.008 (0.20)
0.005 (0.13)
to 6 (12.7 to
152)
12
0.016
0.010
0.008
0.005
(0.41)
(0.25)
(0.20)
(0.13)
Over 6 to 9 (152
to 229)
0.020
0.016
0.010
0.005
(0.51)
(0.41)
(0.25)
(0.13)
Over 9 to 12 (229
to 305)
0.020
0.016
0.010
0.010
(0.51)
(0.41)
(0.25)
(0.25)
Over 12 to 20
(305 to 508)
0.031
0.020
0.016
0.016
(0.79)
(0.51)
(0.41)
(0.41)
Over 20 to 231516
(508 to 608)
0.031
0.020
0.020
0.020
(0.79)
(0.51)
(0.51)
(0.51)
0.002
0.0044
0.008
0.015
0.020
0.031
0.041
0.061
0.081
0.126
0.157
0.030
0.055
0.125
0.500
1.000
1.626
1.750
2.000
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
0.0043
0.0079
0.0149
0.0199
0.0309
0.0409
0.0609
0.0809
0.1259
0.1569
0.250
(0.05
(0.111
(0.20
(0.38
(0.51
(0.79
(1.04
(1.55
(2.06
(3.20
(4.00
0.0549
0.1249
0.499
0.999
1.625
1.749
1.999
4.000
0.0002
0.00025
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0007
0.0008
0.001
0.0015
0.002
(0.005)
(0.006)
(0.008)
(0.010)
(0.013)
(0.015)
(0.018)
(0.020)
(0.025)
(0.038)
(0.051)
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002
0.0025
0.003
0.004
0.005
(0.013)
(0.035)
(0.038)
(0.051)
(0.064)
(0.08)
(0.10)
(0.13)
Permissible Variations A
Outside Diameter, in. (mm)
+ 0.002
0.000
+ 0.003
0.000
+ 0.004
0.000
+ 0.005
0.000
(0.05)
(0.08)
(0.10)
(0.13)
Wall Thickness, %
10
10
10
10
F15 04 (2013)
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. Detailed Thermal Expansion Data; Annealing Conditions and Grain Growth in Piece Parts and Components
TABLE X1.2 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion to Both Elevated
and Cryogenic Temperatures (On-Cooling Data)
Temperature Range, C
30 to268
30 to196
30 to163
30 to100
30 to78
100 to 30
200 to 30
300 to 30
400 to 30
450 to 30
500 to 30
600 to 30
700 to 30
800 to 30
900 to 30
1000 to 30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
Frequency of Occurrence
0.045
0.100
0.175
0.230
0.180
0.270
Standard Deviation
0.13
0.12
Frequency of Occurrence
0.225
0.190
0.330
0.255
This data was obtained from Bertolotti R. L., Thermal Expansions of Kovar and
Ceramvar and Seals of These Materials to Alumina, SAND 74-8003, Sandia
National Laboratories, September 1974. Data presented by Bertolotti have been
obtained on heating using a special dilatometer, which could operate from 180C
up to 1000C.
F15 04 (2013)
TABLE X1.6 Effect of Isothermal Annealing Cycles on Grain Growth and Microhardness of F15 Alloy Lead WireA
Material Condition
Starting Condition
900C, 1 h, Wet Hydrogen
Atmosphere
1000C, 1 h, Wet Hydrogen
Atmosphere
1100C, 1 h, Wet Hydrogen
Atmosphere
A
Hardness data represent the average of 10 indentations. The range of grain size numbers represents the intercept lengths in the range between the 10 and 90
percentiles, respectively, based on the log-normal distribution.
TABLE X1.7 Effect of Isothermal Annealing Cycle (Argon Atmosphere) on Grain Growth and Microhardness of 0.018 in. diameter F15
Alloy Lead Wire
Starting Condition
4-8
4-6
1-5
162 9.2
159 9.2
155 5.0
Material Condition
X1.4.3 The data shown in both Table X1.6 and Table X1.7
indicate that annealing process cycles in excess of 1000C, 1 h,
will lead to significant grain growth in lead wire. The 1100C,
1 h, anneal produces coarser grain sizes that should be avoided,
if possible. It should be noted that there are some applications
(for example, when brazing with OFHC Copper) that necessitate 1100C process cycles. In these cases, it is important to
minimize the total time spent in excess of 1050C in order to
avoid excessive grain coarsening.
4
Further details on this study can be found in the proceedings paper: Stephens,
J. J., Greulich, F. A., and Beavis, L. C., , High Temperature Grain Growth and
Oxidation of Fe-29Ni-17Co (Kovar) Alloy Leads, published as pages 79112 in
the book Low Thermal Expansion Alloys and Composites, Stephens, J. J., and Frear,
D. R., eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1994.
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/
COPYRIGHT/).