By

Eric M. de Guzman

Teacher I, E. Rondon High School

August 25. 2015

REMAINDER
THEOREM
Find out how much God has given you and from it take what you need; the remainder is needed by others.

THE REMAINDER THEOREM

(First Part)

I.

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of a 60-minute period, the students are expected to:
1. recall synthetic division
2. state the remainder theorem
3. apply the remainder theorem to find the remainder when a
polynomial P(x) is divided by x - c.

II.

SUBJECT MATTER: The Remainder Theorem

Reference: Callanta, Melvin et al. (2015)Mathematics for Grade 10
Learners
Module. Pasig City: Rex Bookstore, Inc. pp. 72-74 and 7677.
Materials:

III.

Projector, manila paper, activity sheets, chalk and marker.

TEACHING STRATEGIES
A. Daily routine
B. Motivation (5 minutes)
4 PICS 1 WORD
Each slide has 4 pictures, the students will connect all these pictures to
form the word. The student who guess it right first, is consider the winner
for that particular slide.
Guide questions:
1. What do you feel while playing the game?
2. Can you connect all the words together to reveal the magic
word? Do you have any idea what is our topic for today?
C. Review
Before we start the lesson, I just want to make sure that you already
master your previous lesson in division, especially synthetic
division.
Divide the following using synthetic division.
1. x3 + 3x2 + 4x 28
2. 2x3 x + 24
x2
x+3

D. Lesson Proper
Allow the students to read the story on the screen.
Matthew, your close friend is a grade 10 student of San Francisco
High School. He was absent for several days. As part of remediation
his teacher gave him exercises to answer. Unfortunately he is
struggling with these last 2 questions:
1. What is the remainder when x100 5 is divided by x -1?
2. Find the remainder when 3x51 6x20 + 4 is divided by
x+1?
Are you willing to help Matthew?
Activity

Distribute
group
of
to answer
show their
board. Let
answers.
(This
for
the students are

(5 minutes)
Give the quotient and the
remainder of the following
numbers and then check.
1. 13 3
8
2. 15 4
6
3. 10 3

4.

15

5.

27

Activity 1 to each
students. Ask them
the
activity
and
solutions
on
the
them discuss their

activity is intended
beginner students, if
good enough skip this and proceed to Activity 2.)
6.

32

Scaffolding
If students are struggling, choose to replace the polynomials with easier polynomial functions.
Examples:
g(x) =
Find g(-1)b. Divide g(x) by x+1

h(x) =
Find h(3)b. Divide g(x) by x - 3

Activity 2 ( 5 minutes)
Assign different groups of students one of the three problems from
this exercise. Have them complete their assigned problem and then
have a student from each group put their solution on the board.

1. Consider the polynomial function

P(x)=
a.

3 x +8byx4,
Divide P(x)
x2

b. Find P(2)

2. Consider the polynomial function

P(x)=

3
2
a. Divide P(x) by x + 1

x 3 x +6 x+8,

b. Find P(-1)

3. Consider the polynomial function

P(x)=
a.

x +10byx4,
Divide P(x)
x+2

b. Find P(-2)

Discussion (10 minutes)

What is the remainder in item number 1? In item number 2? In item

number 3?
The remainder is 24.The remainder is -2. The remainder is -32

What is P(2)? P(-1)? P(-2)?

Looking at the results of the quotient, what pattern do we see?

The remainder is the value of the function.

Stating this in more general terms, what can we say about the
connection between dividing a polynomial P(x) by x c and the
value of P(c)?

The remainder found after dividing P(x) by (x c) will be the same

value as P(c).

Why would this be? Think about the quotient

write this as

13
3

, we could

13 = 43 + 1, where 4 is the quotient, 3 is the divisor and 1 is the

remainder.

Apply this same principle to Polynomial represented by P(x)

divided by x c, we come up with:
P(x) = Q(x) (x c) + R

Quotient
divisor
which is true is true for all .

What is P(c)?

remainder

(Division Algorithm)

P(c) = Q(c) (c c) + R
Moreover,
Hence,
Finally,

P(c) = Q(c) (0) + R

P(c) = 0 + R
P(c) = R

This is what we call REMAINDER THEOREM.

E. APPLICATION (5 minutes)
Determine the remainder when a polynomial function P(x) is divided by x c.
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
1.
2.
3.

2x 7 x+1
3x 4 3
2
x +3 x
100
x 1

DIVISOR
x-2

REMAINDER

x- 3
x+1

F. GENERALIZATION
Ask the students what have they learn today.
When P(x) is divided by x-c, the remainder is obtained by getting
P(c).
When the remainder obtained is 0, it means x c is a factor of
P(x).

IV.

EVALUATION (5 minutes)
Going back to the problem of Matthew, can you now help him in

REMAINDER THEOREM- when a polynomial P(x) is divided by x-c, the remainder is obtained by getting P(c).

solving the problem he is struggling with?

1. What is the remainder when x100 5 is divided by x -1?
2. Find the remainder when 3x51 6x20 + 4 is divided by x+1?
V.

AGREEMENT
Answer the following problems
1. Use the Remainder Theorem to find the remainder R in each of the
following.

a. X4 16x3 + 18x2 128 x + 2

b. 3x2 + 5x3 8 x 4
c. X4 x3 + 2 2x + 5
1. Find the value of k so that when x3 2x2 + kx 1 is divided by x 2,
the remainder is 5.
2. When divided by x 2, the polynomial P(x) = x4 + rx3 - 3x2 + x -30
leaves a 0 remainder. Find the value of r.
Prepared by:
ERIC M. DE GUZMAN
Teacher I, Mathematics
Ernesto Rondon HS
Checked by:
ROSALIA A. VICENTE
MT I, Mathematics
Ernesto Rondon HS
Noted by:
JANET J. DELIGERO
HT III, Mathematics
Ernesto Rondon HS

Activity 1 (Optional)
Give the quotient and the remainder of the following numbers
and then check.
1.
2.
3.

13 3
15 4
10 3

4. 15 8
5. 27 6
6. 32 9

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Activity 2
1. Consider the polynomial function
P(x)=
a.

3 x +8byx4,
Divide P(x)
x2

b. Find P(2)

2. Consider the polynomial function

P(x)=
a.

x 3byx +6
x+8,
Divide P(x)
x+
1

b. Find P(-1)

3. Consider the polynomial function

P(x)=

3
Divide P(x) by x + 2
b. Find P(-2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

x +10 x4,

Quiz
Use the Remainder Theorem to find the remainder R in each of the
following:
What is the remainder when x100 5 is divided by x -1?
Find the remainder when 3x51 6x20 + 4 is divided by x+1?

.
.