REFERENCE

Geotech. Report for

57km Escravos-Warri
Gas Pipeline Project,
Unitts Services Ltd.
Table 10, Pg. 21
Table 17, Reynolds
Table 3.2 & 3.3, BS
8110-1: 1997

Table 3.2 & 3.3, BS

8110-1: 1997

REFERENCE

Table 7,Reynolds
Table 2.1 of BS 8110-1:
1997

Steel designer's
Manual 6th ed
Pg 909

REFERENCE

REFERENCE

Clause 3.4.4.4 of BS 81101: 1997

REFERENCE

Clause 3.9.4.2 of BS 81101: 1997

Clause 3.9.3.8.1 of BS
8110-1: 1997

REFERENCE

REFERENCE

Table 2.1 of BS 8110-1:

1997

Table 3.14 of BS 8110-1:

1997

Table 3.14 of BS 8110-1:

1997

ESCRAVOS RIVER CROSSING PROJECT

DESIGN INFORMATION
Basis for Design
Concrete strength fcu =
Characteristic strength of reinforcement (high yield deformed
bar type 2) fy =
Density of concrete = Dc =
Density of steel = Ds =
Density of water = Dw =
Grade of steel plate cover = Py
Rolled SHS, Angles and H-beams: Grade 43 Py =
Material Data
Pipe diameter dp =
Pipe thickness tt =
Pit Depth (to top of base) =
Pit width (outside) =
Pit length (outside) =
Base slab width =
Base slab length =
Base slab thickness =
Base slab overhang (both spans) =
Wall height (from GL to top of base) =
Wall width (both spans) =
Wall thickness =
Column Plinth depth =
Column Plinth width =
Column Plinth length =
Soil Properties
Angle of internal friction =
Unit weight of soil = =
unit cohesion, C =
Soil bearing capacity, qa =
Surcharge, S =
Cover to main reinforcement- nominal cover for severe

condition of exposure =
CALCULATION
1.0 VALVE PIT PLATE COVER DESIGN

n = 0.00352kN/mm
3650mm

3650mm

Cover Plate Design

Dead load gk
self weight of plate, say 3mm plate = 3*0.0000771 =
Live load qk
pedestrians only = 2kN/m2=
ultimate load (udl) n = 1.4gk + 1.6qk =
Design Tank Cover Plate Using membrane Plate Theory

span length = L =
Breadth of plate B =
Top plate to be designed using Pounder's Equation
w = (2Pyt2)/{(kB)[(1+11/35(1-k)+79/141(1-k)]}
= [(m2-1)/m2](kwB4/32fEt3)[1+47/210(1-k)+200/517(1-k)2]
(Assume plate to be fixed at all supports)
Where: w = uniformly distributed load on plate (ultimate) N/mm2 =
1/m = Poisson's ratio (m= 3) =
L = length of plate (mm) (L > B) =
B = breadth of plate (mm) =
k = L4/(L4+B4) =
Py = yield stress of plate (N/mm2) =
E = Young's modulus = 205x103 (N/mm2) =
f = load factor =
t = thickness of plate =[{w*{(kB)[(1+11/35(1-k)+79/141(1-k)]}/2Py]
t (mm) =
Plate thickness provided =
Check Deflection
= [(m2-1)/m2](kwB4/32fEt3)[1+47/210(1-k)+200/517(1-k)2]
= maximum deflection (mm) occurring at serviceability =
Actual deflection with the resistance from the angle bracing, say 70% of calculated
value
Maximum Allowable deflection d = B/100
CALCULATION
Bracing SHS Beam
Assume yield line load distribution model
Load supported by SHS from top plate wp=q* 2*(0.5*b*h/2)/b
Where: b = brace length =
Panel width = h =
Plate loading q =
wp =
Add SHS self weight say ws=
Total load on SHS beam wt = wp + ws =
Span of beam L =

Max. beam moment M = wtL2/8 =

Assume plate provides torsional bracing on top of the beam
Section modulus required S= M/Py =
Provide 70x70x5.0mm Rolled SHS
Section modulus provided Zp =
Main Supporting H-Beam
Load supported by H-Beam from top plate wp=q* 2*(0.5*b)
Where: b = panel width =
wp =
Add Beam self weight and bracing weight, say ws=
Total load on main beam wt = wp + ws =
Span of beam L =
Max. beam moment M = wtL2/8 =
Assume plate provides torsional bracing on top of the beam
Section modulus required S= M/Py =
Provide HE 160A Beam
Section modulus provided Zp =
Holding Down Bolts
Vertical Reaction from the supporting beam V = wtL/2 =
There is no uplift force on the main beam
Assume pinned support
Nominal HD bolt will be adequate.
Provide 2Nos 16mm diameter holding down grade 4.6 bolts

CALCULATION
2.0 WALL DESIGN

H = height of wall from ground level =

hw = thickness of wall =
Ka = coefficient of active earth pressure
Coeff. of Earth Pressure,Ka=tan(45-/2) =
Horizontal pressure on wall
ps = surcharge pressure = KaS
pa = active earth pressure = KaH
Horizontal Force on wall
Ps = surcharge force = psH
Pa = active earth force = 1/2paH
Total horizontal load per m length of wall (ULS)
= 1.4(Pa + Ps) =
Bending Reinforcements
Taking moments about the base centre line
M = 1.4xPax(0.1+1/3x2) + 1.4xPsx(0.1+1/2x2)
h=
Assume =
d =h-cover- /2
K= M/bd2fcu
la = 0.5 + (0.25 - K/0.9) =
z = lad =
z = 0.95d =
As req = M/ 0.95fyz =
As min= 0.13bh/100 =
Provide Y12 @ 250mm c/c (As prov = 452mm2/m) N. F. and
nominal reinforcement Y10 @ 250mm c/c as Distribution bars

(As prov = 314mm2/m)

For Far Face (F.F.) of wall, assume pit to be completely filled with water
pressure due to water, pw = Dw*Hw
where, Hw = height of water =
pw =
Horizontal force on wall due to water Pw =0.5*pw*Hw
Taking moments about the base centre line
M = 1.4*Pw*(0.1+1/3x2 )
CALCULATION
Assume =
d =h-cover- /2
K= M/bd2fcu
la = 0.5 + (0.25 - K/0.9) =
z = lad =
z = 0.95d =
As req = M/ 0.95fyz =
Provide Y12 @ 200mm c/c (As prov = 565mm2/m) F. F.&
nominal reinforcement Y10 @ 250mm c/c as Distribution bars
(As prov = 314mm2/m)

Check for deflection

hw = thickness of wall =
lo = clear height of wall between lateral supports =
le = effective height of wall = 2lo =
le/hw =
le/hw < 30, no check for deflection required

3.0 COLUMN PLINTH DESIGN

Design column plinth as a slab
width of column, b =
length of column, l =
depth of column, h =
Nominal Reinforcement

As min= 0.13%bh =
Provide Y10 bars @ 200mm c/c (As prov = 392mm2) top & distribution bars

4.0 BASE SLAB DESIGN

CALCULATION
Loadings
(i) Cover plate structure load
thickness of plate = hc
length, lc =
width, wc =
density of steel = Ds =
Bracing Angle beams, 50x50x5mm Angle length =
Weight of Bracing angle Wa=
Support Bearing Angle beams, 75x75x6mm Angle length =

Weight of Bearing angle Wb=

Framing pipe 70x70x5mm SHS, length =
Weight of Framing pipe 70x70x5mm SHS, Wf=
Supporting Beam HE 160A, length =
Weight of HE 160A Supporting Beam Ws=
Cover plate self weight Pc = hc*lc*wc*Ds
Total Dead Load of Cover Structure = Wa+ Wb + Wf + Ws+ Pc =
Imposed load and Surcharge Load = 5*lc*wc
(ii) Wall load
thickness of wall = hw
height of wall (total) = H =
Density of concrete = Dc =
length one side of wall = l =
weight of one side of wall W= l*H*hw*Dc
total wall load (both sides) = 2*W
(iii) Pipe/Valve load
Pipe Diameter = dp =
Pipe Thickness = tt =
Free length of pipe = lp =
Weight of pipe = W =
Total weight of pipe = lp*W =
Add Valve self weight, say
Total pipe/valve load =
(iv) Water load in pipe
density of water = Dw =
Pipe capacity: free length = 3.4m ; Volume, V =
weight of water in pipe segment = Dw*V =
(v) Column plinth (supporting Valve) load
width of column = b =
length of column = l =
depth of column = h =
self weight of column = b*d*h*Dc =
(vi) Base slab load (self weight)
length = lb =
width = wb =

assumed thickness = hb =
self weight of base slab = hb*lb*wb*Dc
(vii) Pit Filled With Water
weight of water in pit =
CALCULATION
Total Dead Load Gk =
Total Live Load Qk =
Upward Earth Pressure = (Total load at ULS) /(Area Provided)
Total load at ULS = 1.4*Gk + 1.6*Qk =
Area Provided = Area of Base = Ab prov = lb*wb =
Assuming a uniform distribution of loads
Upward Earth Pressure = 822.99/Ab prov
Base Area required to safely transfer load
Ab req = ( Total load at ULS) / ( Soil Bearing Capacity)
= (822.99 ) / f*qa
f = load factor =
Ab prov = 18.06m > Ab req =2.41m
Bending Reinforcement
long span = ly
short span = lx
ly/lx =
design base slab as two-way spanning (four edges discontinuous)
Design load n = upward earth pressure
Short span
Assume partial fixing at support walls
sx=
msx = sxnlx2 =
K= M/bd2fcu
M = msx =
Assume =
d =hb-cover- /2
K=
la = 0.5 + (0.25 - K/0.9) =
z = lad =
z =0.95d =

Asreq = M/ 0.95fyz =
Provide Y12 bars @ 200mm c/c Top (As prov = 565mm2/m)
Long span
Assume partial fixing at support walls
sy=
msy = synlx2 =
K= M/bd2fcu
M = msy =
Assume =
d =hb-cover- /2
K=
la = 0.5 + (0.25 - K/0.9) =
z = lad =
z =0.95d =
Asreq = M/ 0.95fyz =
Provide Y12 bars @ 200mm c/c (As prov = 565mm2/m) as distribution
bars
Nominal Reinforcement
As min= 0.13%bh =
Provide Y10 bars @ 250mm c/c Bottom (As prov = 314mm2/m) as distribution
bars both ways

JECT
OUTPUT
30 N/mm
460 N/mm
24 kN/m
77.1 kN/m
9.81 kN/m
275 N/mm
275 N/mm
406.4 mm
12.7 mm
2300 mm
3850 mm
3850 mm
4250 mm
4250 mm
200 mm
200 mm
2000 mm
3850 mm
200 mm
300 mm
600 mm
600 mm
30
18 kN/m
0 kN/m
220 kN/m
5 kN/m

40 mm
OUTPUT

0.000231 N/mm
0.002 N/mm
0.003524 N/mm

1285 mm
1214 mm

0.003524 N/mm
0.33
1285 mm
1214 mm
0.557
275 N/mm
205000 N/mm
1.55
2.563 mm
3 mm
Provide 3mm Plate Cover

16.211 mm
11.348 mm

Deflection OK

12.14 mm
OUTPUT

1.185 m
1.218 m
3.524 kN/m
2.15 kN/m
0.25 kN/m
2.4 kN/m
1.185 m

0.42 kNm
1.53cm
25.3cm

Provide 70x70x5.0mm
SHS

1.28 m
4.51 kN/m
0.84 kN/m
5.35 kN/m
3.65 m
8.91 kNm
32.4cm
220 cm

Provide HE 160A Beam

9.76 kN

Provide 2Nos 16mm Dia.

HD Grade 4.6 Bolts

OUTPUT

2m
0.2 m
0.333 Ka =0.333
1.67 kN/m
12. kN/m
3.33 kN/m
12. kN/m
21.47 kN/m

18.013 kNm/m
200 mm
12 mm
154 mm
0.025 K =0.025
0.97
149.54 mm
146.3 mm
281.75 mm/m As req =281.75mm/m
260 mm/m Y12 @ 250mmc/c
As prov =452mm/m
Y10 @ 250mm

Distribution bars
As prov=314mm/m
2.3 m
22.56 kN/m
25.95 kN/m
27.85 kNm/m
OUTPUT
12 mm
154 mm
0.039 Ka = 0.039
0.95
146.98 mm
146.3 mm
435.62 mm/m As req =435.62mm
Y12 @ 200mm
As prov=565mm2
Y10 @ 250mm
Distribution bars
As prov=314mm2
0.2 m
2.3 m
4.6 m
23
le/hw=23 < 30, no check
for deflection required

600 mm
600 mm
300 mm

234.000 m As min = 234mm

Y10 bars @ 200mmc/c
As prov = 392mm2

OUTPUT

0.003 m
3.65 m
3.65 m
77.1 kN/m
31 m
1.15 kN
15.4 m

1.78 kN
30.8 m
3.02 kN
7.8 m
2.33 kN
3.08 kN
11.36 kN
66.61 kN
0.2 m
2.3 m
24 kN/m
3.85 m
42.5 kN
85.01 kN
406.4 mm
12.7 mm
3.4 m
123.3 kg/m
419.22 kg
5000 kg
53.16 kN
9.81 kN/m
0.39m
3.8 kN
0.6 m
0.6 m
0.3 m
2.59 kN
4.25 m
4.25 m

0.2 m
86.7 kN
268.56 kN
OUTPUT
507.37 kN
70.42 kN
822.99 kN
18.06 m
45.56 kN/m

2.41 m Ab req =2.41m

1.55 Ab prov =18.06m
As prov >> As req OK
3650 mm
3650 mm
1.00
45.56 kN/m

0.044
26.709 kNm/m
26.709 kNm/m
12 mm
154 mm
0.038
0.96
147.28 mm
146.3 mm

K = 0.038

417.76 mm/m As req= 417.76mm/m

Y12 @ 200mm c/c Top
Asprov= 565mm2/m

0.045
27.194 kNm/m
27.194 kNm/m
12 mm
154 mm
0.038

K = 0.038

0.96
147.16 mm
146.3 mm
425.36 mm/m As req= 425.36mm/m
Y12 @ 200mm Top as
distribution bars
Asprov= 565mm2/m
260 mm/m As min= 260mm/m
Y10 @ 250mm Bottom
as distribution bars
Asprov= 314mm2/m