Esfile

Experiment- 1
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Experiment- 1
Aim: To study the architecture, pin diagram, pipeline system of ARM 7 and ARM
9 processor.
Architecture
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Arm is acronym for Acron RISC Machine / Advanced RISC Machine

Family of ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) based on a RISC (reduced Instruction Set
Computer) developed by British company
Features:
16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64 package.

8 kB to 40 kB of on-chip static RAM and 32 kB to 512 kB of on-chip flash memory.
128-bit wide interface/accelerator enables high-speed 60 MHz operation.
In-System Programming/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip boot
loader software. Single flash sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and programming of
256 bytes in 1 ms.
Embedded ICE RT and Embedded Trace interfaces offer real-time debugging with the
on-chip Real Monitor software and high-speed tracing of instruction execution.
USB 2.0 Full-speed compliant device controller with 2 kB of endpoint RAM.
In addition, the LPC2146/48 provides 8 kB of on-chip RAM accessible to USB by DMA.
One or two 10-bit ADCs provide a total of 6/14 analog inputs, with conversion times as
low as 2.44 ms per channel.
Single 10-bit DAC provides variable analog output
Two 32-bit timers/external event counters (with four capture and four compare channels
each), PWM unit (six outputs) and watchdog.
Low power Real-Time Clock (RTC) with independent power and 32 kHz clock input.
Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two Fast I2C-bus (400 kbit/s),
SPI and SSP with buffering and variable data length capabilities.
Vectored Interrupt Controller (VIC) with configurable priorities and vector addresses.
Up to 45 of 5 V tolerant fast general purpose I/O pins in a tiny LQFP64 package.
Up to 21 external interrupt pins available.
60 MHz maximum CPU clock available from programmable on-chip PLL with settling
time of 100 ms.
On-chip integrated oscillator operates with an external crystal from 1 MHz to 25 MHz.
Power saving modes include Idle and Power-down.
Individual enable/disable of peripheral functions as well as peripheral clock scaling for
additional power optimization.
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Pin Description:
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Pin Description:
P0.0 to P0.31
Port 0 is a 32-bit I/O port with individual direction controls for each bit. Total of 31 pins of the
Port 0 can be used as a general purpose bidirectional digital I/Os while P0.31 is output only pin.
The operation of port 0 pins depends upon the pin function selected via the pin connect block.
Pins P0.24, P0.26 and P0.27 are not available.
P0.0/TXD0/ PWM1 (19 Pin)
P0.0 General purpose input/output digital pin (GPIO).
TXD0 Transmitter output for UART0.
PWM1 Pulse Width Modulator output 1.
P0.1/RXD0/ PWM3/EINT0 (21 Pin)
RXD0 Receiver input for UART0.
EINT0 External interrupt 0 input
P0.2/SCL0/ CAP0.0 (22 Pin)
SCL0 I2C0 clock input/output. Open-drain output (for I2C-bus compliance).
CAP0.0 Capture input for Timer 0, channel 0.
P0.3/SDA0/MAT0.0/EINT1 (26 Pin)
SDA0 I2C0 data input/output. Open-drain output (for I2C-bus compliance).
MAT0.0 Match output for Timer 0, channel 0.
EINT1 External interrupt 1 input.
P0.4/SCK0/CAP0.1/AD0.6 (27 Pin)
SCK0 Serial clock for SPI0. SPI clock output from master or input to slave.
AD0.6 ADC 0, input 6.
P0.5/MISO0/MAT0.1/AD0.7 (29 Pin)
P0.5 General purpose input/output digital pin (GPIO). I/O
MISO0 Master In Slave OUT for SPI0. Data input to SPI master or data
output from SPI slave.
P0.6/MOSI0/ CAP0.2/AD1.0 (30 Pin)
MOSI0 Master Out Slave In for SPI0. Data output from SPI master or data input to SPI slave.
AD1.0 ADC 1, input 0. Available in LPC2144/46/48 only.
P0.7/SSEL0/PWM2/EINT2 (31Pin)
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SSEL0 Slave Select for SPI0. Selects the SPI interface as a slave.
P0.8/TXD1/ PWM4/AD1.1 (33 Pin)
TXD1 Transmitter output for UART1.
P0.9/RXD1/ PWM6/EINT3 (34 Pin)
RXD1 Receiver input for UART1.
P0.10/RTS1/ CAP1.0/AD1.2 (35 Pin)
RTS1 Request to Send output for UART1. LPC2144/46/48 only.
P0.11/CTS1/ CAP1.1/SCL1 (37 Pin)
CTS1 Clear to Send input for UART1. Available in LPC2144/46/48 only.
SCL1 I2C1 clock input/output. Open-drain output (for I2C-bus compliance)
P0.12/DSR1/ MAT1.0/AD1.3 (38 Pin)
DSR1 Data Set Ready input for UART1. Available in LPC2144/46/48 only.
AD1.3 ADC input 3. Available in LPC2144/46/48 only.
P0.13/DTR1/MAT1.1/AD1.4 (39 Pin)
DTR1 Data Terminal Ready output for UART1. LPC2144/46/48 only.
AD1.4 ADC input 4. Available in LPC2144/46/48 only.
P0.14/DCD1/ EINT1/SDA1 (41 Pin)
P0.14 General purpose input/output digital pin (GPIO). DCD1 Data Carrier Detect input
for UART1. LPC2144/46/48 only.
SDA1 I2C1 data input/output. Open-drain output (for I2C-bus compliance)
P0.15/RI1/ EINT2/AD1.5 (45 Pin)
RI1 Ring Indicator input for UART1. Available in LPC2144/46/48 only.
P0.16/EINT0/ MAT0.2/CAP0.2 (46 Pin)
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P0.17/CAP1.2/ SCK1/MAT1.2 (47 Pin)
CAP1.2 Capture input for Timer 1, channel 2
SCK1 Serial Clock for SSP. Clock output from master or input to slave.
P0.18/CAP1.3/ MISO1/MAT1.3 (53 Pin)
MISO1 Master In Slave Out for SSP. Data input to SPI master or data
output from SSP slave.
P0.19/MAT1.2/ MOSI1/CAP1.2 (54 Pin)
MOSI1 Master Out Slave In for SSP. Data output from SSP master or data
input to SSP slave.
P0.20/MAT1.3/SSEL1/EINT3 (55 Pin)
SSEL1 Slave Select for SSP. Selects the SSP interface as a slave.
P0.21/PWM5/ AD1.6/CAP1.3 (1 Pin)
P0.22/AD1.7/ CAP0.0/MAT0.0 (2 Pin)
P0.23/VBUS (58 Pin)
VBUS Indicates the presence of USB bus power.
P0.25/AD0.4/ AOUT (9 Pin)
AOUT DAC output. Available in LPC2142/44/46/48 only.
P0.28/AD0.1/ CAP0.2/MAT0.2 (13 Pin)
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P0.29/AD0.2/ CAP0.3/MAT0.3 (14 Pin)
CAP0.3 Capture input for Timer 0, Channel 3.
P0.30/AD0.3/ EINT3/CAP0.0 (15 Pin)
P0.31/UP_LED/CONNECT 17
P0.31 General purpose output only digital pin (GPO).
UP_LED USB GoodLink LED indicator. It is LOW when device is
Configured. It is HIGH when the device is not configured or during global suspend.
CONNECT Signal used to switch an external 1.5 kW resistor under the software control.
Used with the SoftConnect USB feature.
P1.0 to P1.31 I/O
Port 1: Port 1 is a 32-bit bidirectional I/O port with individual direction controls for each bit. The
operation of port 1 pins depends upon the pin function selected via the pin connect block. Pins 0
through 15 of port 1 are not available.
P1.16/ TRACEPKT0 16
TRACEPKT0 Trace Packet, bit 0. Standard I/O port with internal pull-up.
P1.17/ TRACEPKT1 12
P1.18/ TRACEPKT2 8
P1.19/TRACEPKT3 4
P1.20/ TRACESYNC 48
TRACESYNC Trace Synchronization. Standard I/O port with internal pull-up.
P1.21/ PIPESTAT0 44
PIPESTAT0 Pipeline Status, bit 0. Standard I/O port with internal pull-up.
P1.22/ PIPESTAT1 40
P1.23/ PIPESTAT2 36
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P1.24/ TRACECLK 32
TRACECLK Trace Clock. Standard I/O port with internal pull-up.
P1.25/EXTIN0 28
EXTIN0 External Trigger Input. Standard I/O with internal pull-up.
P1.26/RTCK 24
RTCK Returned Test Clock output. Extra signal added to the JTAG port.
P1.27/TDO 64
TDO Test Data out for JTAG interface.
P1.28/TDI 60
TDI Test Data in for JTAG interface.
P1.29/TCK 56
TCK Test Clock for JTAG interface.
P1.30/TMS 52
TMS Test Mode Select for JTAG interface.
P1.31/TRST 20
TRST Test Reset for JTAG interface.
D+ 10
USB bidirectional D+ line.
D- 11
USB bidirectional D- line.
RESET 57
External reset input: A LOW on this pin resets the device, causing I/O ports
and peripherals to take on their default states, and processor execution to
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begin at address 0. TTL with hysteresis, 5 V tolerant.

XTAL1 62
Input to the oscillator circuit and internal clock generator circuits.
XTAL2 61
Output from the oscillator amplifier.
RTXC1 3
Input to the RTC oscillator circuit.
RTXC2 5
Output from the RTC oscillator circuit.
VSS 6, 18, 25, 42,50
Ground: 0 V reference.
VSSA 59
Analog ground: 0 V reference. This should nominally be the same voltage
as VSS, but should be isolated to minimize noise and error.
VDD 23, 43, 51
3.3 V power supply: This is the power supply voltage for the core and I/O
ports.
VDDA 7
Analog 3.3 V power supply: This should be nominally the same voltage as
VDD but should be isolated to minimize noise and error. This voltage is only
used to power the on-chip ADC(s) and DAC.
VREF 63
A/D converter reference voltage: This should be nominally less than or
equal to the VDD voltage but should be isolated to minimize noise and error.
Level on this pin is used as a reference for ADC(s) and DAC.
VBAT 49
RTC power supply voltage: 3.3 V on this pin supplies the power to the RTC.
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3 Stage Pipeline Systems:
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3 Stage Pipeline Systems:

3 stage pipeline system is classical fetch, execute and decode pipeline system. It reads an
instruction from memory and increments the value in instruction set register. The value is also
stored in program counter. Then the system decodes the instructions and prepares control signals
which are required for execution of these instructions.
The third stage does all the work:
1) Reading operands from register file
2) Performing ALU operations by fetching
3) And finally writing back the modified register file.
The result from ALU is directly written into the register bank. Thus completing the execution
stage of an instruction in one cycle. The results of load/store type of instructions are computed
by ALU and then placed on address bus and incremental will finally increments the other values
for next instruction.
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Experiment- 2
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Experiment- 2
Aim: Write ARM Processor program to Flash LED
#include LPC214x.h
void delay(unsigned long int h)
{
unsigned long int i, j;
for(j=0; j<h; j++)
for(i=0; i<5000; i++);
}
int main()
{
IODIR0 = 0xFFFFFFFF;
IODIR1=0xFFFFFFFF;
while(1)
{
IOCLR0=0xFFFFFFFF;
IOCLR1=0xFFFFFFFF;
delay(1000);
IOSET0=0xFFFFFFFF;
IOSET1=0xFFFFFFFF;
delay(2000);
}
}
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Experiment- 3
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Experiment- 3
Aim: Program to display string on LCD.
Procedure:
1) Connect data of LCD with pins P0.0 P0.7
2) Connect control of LCD with P0.8 - P0.15
3) Press the reset button and execute the program.
Program:
#include<lpc214x.h>
#define rs(1<<8)
#define e (1<<9)
void delay(unsigned log int h)
{
for(j=0; j<h ;j++)
for(i=0; i<5000; i++);
void cmd_lcd(unsigned long int dat)
}
IOCLR0 = 0x00000FFF;
IOSET0 = dat;
IOSET0 = e;
delay(2);
IOCLR0 = e;
delay(2);
}
void string_lcd(char * str)
{
while(*str != \0)
{
data_lcd(*str++)
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}}
void init_lcd()
{
cmd_lcd(0x38);
cmd_lcd(0x01);
cmd_lcd (0x06);
cmd_lcd (0x0c);
cmd_lcd (0x80);
}
int main()
{
int i;
init_lcd();
while(1)
{
cmd_lcd(0x80);
string_lcd(Embedded System);
cmd_lcd(0xc0);
string_lcd(ECE 2011)
for(i=0; i<=6; i++)
{
cmd_lcd(0x1c);
delay(1000);
}
for(i=0; i<=6; i++)
{
cmd_lcd(0x18);
dealy(1000);
}}}
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Experiment- 4
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Experiment- 4
Aim: Interface relays and write a program to control
#include LPC214x.h
void delay(unsigned long int h)
{
for(j=0; j<h; j++)
for(i=0; i<5000; i++);
}
int main()
{
unsigned char i,a;
IOCLR0 = 0xFFFFFFFF;
while(1)
{
a = 0x01;
IOSET0 = a<<16;
delay(1000);
for(i = 0; i<8; i++)
{
a = a<<1;
IOSET0 = a<<16;
delay(1000);
}}
}
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Experiment- 5
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Experiment- 5
Aim: Interfacing of DC Motor wit ARM Processor.
Procedure: This is the programming code for dc motor control, in which the LPC daughter
card is interfaced with DC motor, LCD and Relay.
Output:
1) Press switch 1 for moving the motor anticlockwise.
2) Press switch 2 for clockwise motion.
3) Press switch 3 for stopping the motor.
Connections:
1)
2)
3)
4)
LCD data lines P1 (16 -23)

LCD control lines P1 (24 31)
Switch Connections P0 (16 23)
DC motor module P0 ( 8-15)
Program:
#include<LPC214x.h>
#define PCLK 30000000 UL
#include delay.h
#include lcd.h
int main()
{
PINSEL0 = 0x00000000;
PINSEL1 = 0x00000000;
IODIR0 = 0x00FFFF;
IOPIN = 0;
lcd-init();
lcd_sting_xy(DC Motor,1,1);
while(1)
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{
If(IO0PIN & (1<<16))
{
IOSET= 1<<9;
IOCLR= 1<<8;
lcd_sting_xy(anticlockwise,2,1)
}
if`(IO0PIN & (1<<17))
{
IO0SET= 1<<9;
IO0CLR= 1<<8;
lcd_string_xy(clockwise,2,1);
}
if(IO0PIN & (1<<18))
{
IO0CLR = (1<<8) | (1<<9);
lcd_string_xy(stop,2,1))
}}}
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Experiment- 6
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Experiment- 6
Aim: Interfacing of Stepper Motor wit ARM Processor.
Procedure:
1) connect Stepper Motor with P0.16 P0.23
2) Press the reset button to execute the program
Program:
{
for(j=0; j<h ;j++)
for(i=0; i<5000; i++);
}
int main()
{
while(1)
{
IOSET0 =0x10000;
delay(1000);
IOSET0 =0x40000;
delay(1000);
IOSET0 =0x20000;
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delay(1000);
IOSET0 =0x80000;
delay(1000);
delay(1000); delay(1000);
}}
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Experiment- 7
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Experiment- 7
Aim: Interfacing of DAC.
Program:
This code is for external DAC. In this code LPC2148/38 daughter card and DAC module. Output
of the code is a triangular wave.
Conncections:
connect DAC module with P0( 0 7) and provide +12V . +5V supply to the module.
Program:
#include<LPC214x.h>
#define PCLK 30000000 UL
int main()
{
unsigned char I;
unsigned char j;
IO0DIR = 0xFF;
IO0SET=0x00;
while(1)
{
for(i=0; i<255; i++)
{
IOPIN0 = i;
for(j=0; j<6000; j++);
}
for(i=255; i>0; i--)
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{
IOPIN0 = I;
for(j=0; j<600; j++);
}}
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Experiment- 8
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Experiment- 8
Aim: Interfacing of ADC.
Procedure:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
connect p0.0-P0.7 with LCD DATa

connect P0.8-P0.15 with LCD control
connect P0.16-P0.23 with ADC control
connect P1.16-P1.23 with ADC DATa
Press reset buton to execute the program
Program
#include<lpc214x.h>
#define ALE(1<<18)
#define SOC(1<<17)
#define OE (1<<16)
#define EOC (1<<19)
#define SET0 (1<<20)
#defineSET1 (1<<21)
#define SET2(1<<22)
#define CLOCK(1<<23)
#define rs (1<<8)
#define e(1<<9)
{
for(j=0; j<h ;j++)
for(i=0; i<5000; i++);
}
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void clock()
{
int b;
for(b=0l b<=250; b++)
{
IOsET0 = CLOCK;
dealy(5);
IOCLR0= CLOCK;
delay(5);
}}
char adc()
{
char val;
IOCLR0 = EOC;
IOCLR0 = SET0|SET1|SET2;
delay(1);
IOSET0 = ALE; dealy(1);
IOSET0 = Soc; delay(1);
clock();
IOCLR0 = SOC; dealy(1);
IOCLR0 = AlE; dealy(1);
clock();
while(!(IOPIN0 & EOC));
IOSET0 = OE;
val = (IOPIN1 >>16);
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return(val);
}
void cmd_lcd(unsigned long int dat)
{ IOSET0 = 3;
delay(2);
IOCLR0 = e;
delay(2);
}
void string_lcd(char *str)
{
while(*str != 0)
{
data_lcd(*str++);
}
}
void init_lcd()
{
cmd_lcd(0x38);
cmd_lcd(0x01);
cmd_lcd (0x06);
cmd_lcd (0x0c);
cmd_lcd (0x80);
}
void number_lcd(int num)
{
data_lcd(num/100)+0x30);
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data_lcd(num/10)%10+0x30);
data_lcd((num%0) +0x30);
}
int main()
{
char dis;
IODIR0 = 0x00f7ffff;
IODIR1= 0x00000000;
IOCLR0 = 0xFFFFFFF;
init_lcd();
string_lcd(Digital output);
IOCLR0 = SOC | OE| ALE;
IOSET0 = EOc;
dealy(1000);
while(1)
{
dis = adc();
cmd_lcd(0x04);
number_lcd(dis);
delay(1000);
}}
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Experiment- 9
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Experiment- 9
Aim: Interfacing of XBEE.
Output:
In this demo code, data send via Pc is directly to 2 Xbee send wirelessly to 1 xbee and on a board
this data is show on led module.
Connection
1st Xbee Module
converter module, first box header of converter module with ARM daughter card P0(8-15) and
second box header of converter module with first xbee module
2nd Xbee module
LED module P1(16-23)
Xbee setting
Set xbee for point to point communication mode

Set one xbee as coordinator and other as router for this set the Pan Id = 1234 same in both
xbee
Set the source address on one xbee be the destination address of other xbee. This setting
is for second xbee terminal
Xtal used is 12MHz
Program
#include<LPC214x.h>
#defien PCLK 30000000UL
#includedelay.h
void uart1_init(unsigned int);
void uart1_ send(unsigned char value);
unsigned uart1-rce();
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int main()
{
unsigned int a;
PINSEL0 = 0x00000000;
PINSEL1 = 0x00000000;
IO1DIR = 0xFFFFFF;
IO1CLR=0xFFFFFF;
delay_ms(100);
uart1_init(9600);
while(1)
{
a = uart_rec();
}}
void uart1_init(unsigned int Baud_Rate)
{
PINSEL0 |= (1<<16) | (1<<18);
U1LCR = 0x83;
U1DKM = 0x00;
U1DLL = PCLK
U1LCR = 0x03;
}
void uart1_send(unsigned char value)
{while(!(U1LST & 0x20));
U1THR =value;
}
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unsigned char uart1_rec()

{
while(!(U1LST & 0x01));
return(U1RBR);
}
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Experiment- 10
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Experiment- 10
Aim: Interfacing of RFID.
Output:
in this demo code two RFId card are used to control two device 1 and 2 connected with relay if
you swap card one time device is on and on the second time device is off.
Connection
LCD data lines P1(16-23)
LCD control lines P1(25-31)
RFId P0(8-15)
Relay P0(16-23)
External clock is 12MHz
Program
#include<LPC214x.h>
#define PCLK 30000000UL
#include delay.h
#include lcd.h
unsigned char buff[2];
void RFID_rec();
void uart1_init(unsigned int);
unsigned char uart1_rec();
int main()
{
unsigned char I, SI =1; S2= 1;
PINSEL0 = 0x00000000;
PINSEL1 = 0x00000000;
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IO0DIR = 0xFFFFFF;
IO0PIN = 0;
delay_ms(100);
lcd_init()l
uart1-init(9600);
lcd_string_xy(RFID READER,1,1)
while(!)
{
RFID_rec();
if(strcmp(buff, 72004DF5F63C)==0)
{
if(S1==1)
{
lcd_string_xy(Device 1 ON,2,1);
IO0SET = 1<<17;
S1=2;
}
else if(S1==2)
{
lcd_string_xy(Device 1 is off,2,1);
IO0CLR= 1<<18;
S2=1;
}}
void RFID-rec()
{
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unsigned char i;
for(i=0; i<12; i++)
buff[i] = uart1_rec();
buff[i] = 0;
}
void uart1_init(unsigned int Baud_Rate)
{
PINSEL0 |=(1<<16)|(1<<18);
U1LCR = 0x83;
U1DLM = 0x00;
U1DLL = PCLk/(16*Baud_Rate);
U1LCR = 0x03;
}
unsigned char uart1_rec()
{
while(!(U1LSR & 0x01));
return(U1RBR);
}
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Experiment- 1

Arm is acronym for Acron RISC Machine / Advanced RISC Machine

16-bit/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64 package.

P0.16 General purpose input/output digital pin (GPIO).

AD0.1 ADC 0, input 1.

begin at address 0. TTL with hysteresis, 5 V tolerant.

3 Stage Pipeline Systems:

3 Stage Pipeline Systems:

LCD data lines P1 (16 -23)

connect p0.0-P0.7 with LCD DATa

Set xbee for point to point communication mode

unsigned char uart1_rec()

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