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Lecture 191
Lecture 192
Key questions
Lecture 193
1. Amplier fundamentals
Goal of ampliers: signal amplication.
vOUT
+V
output
signal
vIN
RL
vOUT
-
vIN
-V
input signal
Features of amplier:
Output signal is faithful replica of input signal but
amplied in magnitude.
Active device is at the heart of amplier.
Need linear transfer characteristics for distortion
not to be introduced.
Lecture 194
vs
voltage
amplifier
is
transconductance
amplifier
RS
transresistance
amplifier
RL
RL
iout
is
+
vout
iout
RS
vs
RL
RS
current
amplifier
RL
+
vout
Lecture 195
output
signal
vIN
input signal
Lecture 196
2. CommonSource Amplier
Consider the following circuit:
V+=VDD
RD
iR
signal source
RS
iD
+
vOUT
vs
VGG
signal
load
RL
V-=VSS
Lecture 197
IR=ID
VDD-VSS
VGG-VSS=VDD-VSS
RD
VGG-VSS
VGG-VSS=VT
0
VSS
VDD
VOUT
VSS
VT
VDD-VSS VGG-VSS
Want:
Bias point calculation;
smallsignal gain;
limits to signal swing
frequency response [in a few days]
Lecture 198
W
nCox (VGG VSS VT )2
2L
VDD VOU T
IR =
RD
If we select VOU T = 0:
W
VDD
2
ID = IR =
nCox (VGG VSS VT ) =
2L
RD
Then:
VGG =
2VDD
+ VSS + VT
W
RD L nCox
Lecture 199
RD
+
vin
vgs
gmvgs
ro
vout
-
- S
vin
gmvin
ro//RD
vout
-
vout = gm vin(ro//RD )
Then unloaded voltage gain:
Avo =
vout
= gm (ro//RD )
vin
Lecture 1910
Signal swing:
VDD
RD
signal source
+
RS
vOUT
vs
VGG
VSS
Lecture 1911
RD
iR
iL
signal source
iD
RS
+
vOUT
vs
VGG
RL
VSS
Lecture 1912
RS
Rout
+
vs
vin
Rin
input
loading
Avovin
RL
vout
-
unloaded circuit
output
loading
s
vin = Rin Rinv+R
S
vin
vout = RL RAoutvo+R
L
Lecture 1913
vt
-
vgs
gmvgs
ro//RD
vt
it = 0 Rin = =
it
No eect of loading at input.
RL
Lecture 1914
RS
vgs
gmvgs
ro//RD
Rout
vt
= = ro//RD
it
vt
Lecture 1915
Rout
+
vs
vin
input
loading
Rin
Avovin
unloaded circuit
RL
vout
-
output
loading
vout
vs
RL
Rin
RL
=
Avo
= gm(ro //RD )
Rin + RS
RL + Rout
RL + ro //RD
Av =
Or:
Av = gm (ro //RD //RL )
Lecture 1916
W
VDD
VDD
L
ID
ID
Then, to get high |Avo |
:
VDD
ID
VDD
ID
Consequences of high RD :
large RD consumes a lot of Si real state
large RD eventually compromises frequency response
Also, it would be nice not to use any resistors at all!
Lecture 1917
iSUP
signal source
iD
RS
signal
load
RL
vOUT
vs
VGG
VSS
Loadline view:
load line
iSUP=ID
VGG-VSS=VDD-VSS
ISUP
VGG-VSS
VGG-VSS=VT
0
VSS
VDD
VOUT
Lecture 1918
VB
iSUP
signal source
iD
RS
+
vOUT
vs
VGG
VSS
Lecture 1919
gm = 2
W
nCox ID
L
1
L
ro
nID ID
Then:
Circuit Parameters
Device
|Avo |
Rin Rout
Parameters gm (ro//roc ) ro//roc
ISU P
nCox
Lecture 1920
Key conclusions
Figures of merit of an amplier:
gain
signal swing
power consumption
frequency response
robustness to process and temperature variations
Commonsource amplier with resistive supply: trade
o between gain and cost and frequency response.
Tradeo resolved by using commonsource amplier
with current source supply.
Twoport network computation of voltage gain, input
resistance and output resistance of amplier.