AutoCAD

UNIT I

LECTURE 1

Introduction to CAD
CAD Stands for Computer Aided Design
Uses the computer System to create, modify, analyze or optimize any design
Also Used to layout the physical representation of any new product
Replacing the paper drawing discipline or hand drawn discipline with no scope of error
Use of CAD in designing mechanical system is called Mechanical Design Automation
(MDA) or Computer Aided Drafting

Essential Requirement
CAD system requires the following hardware devices for designing the products:
High-quality graphics monitor.
Input devices such as mouse, keyboard, light pen, and digitizing tablet for drawing.
Output devices such as printers and plotters for printing designed models and
Any CAD software capable to design the desired object

Benefits Of CAD
Uses Commands to Draw geometrical lines, curves, circles, surfaces or solids
Provides different views to see the drawn object
No scope of error
Increase in the productivity of the designer
Improve the quality of the design
Better communications
Creating documentation of the designing
Creating the database for manufacturing
Saving of design data and drawings

Introduction to CAM
CAM Stands for Computer Aided Manufacturing
Uses the software to control machine tools and related ones in the manufacturing of workpieces
Assist in all operations of a manufacturing plant, including planning, management, transportation and
storageAlso Used to layout the physical representation of any new product
Provides step-by-step instructions that the machine tools will follow to complete the manufacturing of
the product
Output of CAM software is a simple text file of G-code/M-codes, that is then transferred to a machine
tool using a

direct numerical control

common USB Storage Device.

(DNC) program or in modern Controllers using a

Benefits Of CAM
Increase Programming Potential
Assist in Manufacturing of Critical object
Makes You More Accessible by Clients
Better Control Over Job Programming
Machining Wizards In CAM Software Remove All Guesswork

Difference Between CAD And CAM

CAD is the use of software to create two- or three-dimensional designs, while CAM is the
use of computer software and machinery to manufacture three-dimensional objects.
For CAD users the end product is a design or image. For CAM users the end product is an
object
CAD is mostly used by an engineer while CAM is used by a trained machinist.
CAD has many functions that dont necessarily coincide with the use of CAM, while CAM is
usually dependent on CAD.

LECTURE 2

Introduction to CAD/CAM
Integration of CAD and CAM is called as CAD/CAM
CAD/CAM is the technology concerned with the use of computers to perform product
designing and manufacturing operations.
Direct control over the production process, with the help of integrated design and
manufacturing processes (In form of Instruction).
Facilitate communication among those involved in design, manufacturing, and other
processes

Processes Involved In CAD/CAM Integration

Designing of the product

Making the drawings

Production planning and scheduling

Manufacturing the product

Benefits of CAD/CAM Software

Streamlining the CNC Programming Workflow
Programming 2D & 3D Parts Easier
Increasing CNC Partmaking Potential
Post Processing Done Easy
Virtual Simulation Function

Engineering Design
There are various branches of engineering like Mechanical, Automobile, Civil, Electrical, Chemical, Electronics,
Telecommunications, Computer, IT, Petroleum etc. At the heart of all the applications of various branches of
engineering is Engineering Design
Different branches of engineering have different applications
Applications of mechanical engineering are automobiles, refrigerators and air-conditioners, various types of
machines like milling, drilling, lathe etc,
Applications of electrical engineering are power supply systems in the big industries, domestic power supply
systems, transformers etc.
Applications of chemical engineering are various chemicals like caustic, HCL acid, fertilizers, etc.
Applications of electronics engineering are various appliances like television, lights, washing machines,
dishwashers etc.

Types Of Engineering Drawing

2D (Two Dimensional) Drawing: Objects are drawn over a two dimensional plane.
Such as a Square
3D (Three Dimensional) Drawing: Objects are drawn over a three dimensional
plane, gives more information that 2D drawings. Such as a cube
Isometric Drawing: Isometric is an easy method of drawing 3D images over a 2D
plane. Such as a cube on your notebook

The 2D CAD systems are used to create plans for large projects such as building,
ships and aircraft but it doesn t provide any way to check if the various individual
components when assembled together would fit or not
The 3D CAD systems allows various individual parts to be assembled together and
checked in 3D before technical drawing is released for manufacturing

However, The End Goal Of Any Way Of

Engineering Drawing Is To Convey All The
Required Information That Will Allow A
Manufacturer To Produce That Component Or
Product.

LECTURE 3

Important Steps For Engineering Design

Making the written statement
Consider the possible mechanisms
Transmitted forces
Material selection
Find allowable stress
Dimensions of the machine elements
Consider the past experience
Make drawings

Applications Of CAD
Aerospace: manufactures everything from space vehicles to satellites, aircraft to missiles
Architecture: about planning, designing and constructing buildings and other physical
structures
Interior Design: allows interior designers to bring their vision to life through detailed digital
designs.
Landscaping: conceptualize stunning outdoor creations and determine the best placement
of various landscaping components such as trees, fences, gardens, patios and more
Automotive: Automotive or mechanical engineers design, analyse and help manufacture
mechanical tools, engines, and machines

 Structural: designing structures such as buildings, bridges, and tunnels

Building Design: concerned with the residential design, both single and multi-family,
agricultural buildings, and decorative facades for larger buildings, and commercial structures
Electrical Engineering: design electrical equipment and electronic products - from
microchips & computers to electric power networks - and any other products that process
information and transmit energy.
Fashion: used by clothing manufacturers to determine the most efficient cut of fabrics and to
adjust the scale of the pattern for different sizes. Using virtual models, the software can even
be used to show how the clothing will fit and move.

Disadvantages of CAD
Most popular CAD software like AutoCad, ProgeCAD, Microstation are high priced
for individuals.
Every new release of the CAD software, operator has to update their skills.
Improper use of blocks and layers make updating and modification of the drawings
a cumbersome task for another person.

Why We Should Use CAD Rather Than Manual Drafting

Three Dimensional Modeling
Easy to Modify
Easy to Reproduce
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM):
Computer Aided Engineering (CAE)
Simulation of the Mechanisms
Database Creation
Logical
Environment Friendly
Access Control

Modelling Styles In CAD

Modelling
Style

Surface
Modelling

Solid
Modelling

Areas Of Surface Modeling

The important areas of surface modeling are:
Automobiles body panels,
Vehicles in marine,
Consumers products,
Structural members of aircrafts, and more.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Surface Modeling

Advantages of Surface Modelling:
It is less ambiguous.
Complex surfaces can be easily identified.
It removes hidden line and adds realism.
Disadvantages of Surface Modelling:
Difficult to construct.
Difficult to calculate mass property.
More time is required for creation.
Requires high storage space.
Also requires more time for manipulation.

Solid Modeling
Solid modeling is the representation of the solid parts of the object on your
computer.
Providing surface representation to the three dimensional wireframe views of
geometric models makes the object appear solid on the computer screen and this is
what is called as solid modeling.
Process of Making the Solid Models
First make the wire frame model of the object and convert it into 3D view.
surfaces are added to the 3D wire model to convert it into 3D solid model

Applications Of Solid Modeling

Engineering: The engineering design professionals use solid modeling to see how
the designed product will actually look like. The architects and civil engineers use it
to use the layout of the designed building.
Entertainment industry: The animation industry has been using solid modeling to
create various characters and the movies out of them.
Medical industry: Modern imaging scanners are being used to create the solid
models of the internal parts of the body. This helps the doctors to visualize specific
tissues of the body, designing various medical devices etc.

LECTURE 3

UNIT II

CAD Software
CAD software enables engineers and architects to design, inspect and manage
engineering projects within an integrated graphical user interface (GUI) on
a personal computer system
Based on market statistics, commercial software from Autodesk, Dassault Systems,
Siemens PLM Software and PTC dominate the CAD industry

Comparative Study Of Different CAD Software

2D CAD software
AutoCAD: This is one of the first CAD software which popularize the use of CAD
software because it does not require strong graphic configurations. It is capable to draw
2D, 3D as well as isometric design
Microstation: This software is famous for use in civil, architectural and plant layout
related drawings, though it is having strong rendering features. It is capable to draw 2D
and 3D design

 3D CAD software
Catia (Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application): This is high end cad
software, developed and marketed by desault-IBM. Though it is having all the modules like
part, assembly, surface etc. but it is known for its very advanced surface modeling
capabilities.
Pro-Engineer (pro/e): ): It is developed by PTC. It is having many modules which include
solid modeling, surface Modeling, sheet metal, Pro mechanica (FEA), machining, cabling etc.
It is known for its strong parametric and logical relations
Solid Edge: It is developed by UGS. It is known for its very advanced solid modeling
capabilities.

AutoCAD

What Is AutoCAD
AutoCAD is manufactured by Autodesk Inc.
AutoCAD is a commercial software application used to draft 2 dimensional and 3
dimensional models with the aid of a computer
AutoCAD was derived from a program begun in 1977 and released in
1979 called Interact CAD,
Also referred to in early Autodesk documents as MicroCAD, which was written prior
to Autodesk's (then Marinchip Software Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder
Mike Riddle

AutoCAD File Formats And Versions

The native file format of AutoCAD is .dwg.
Its interchange file format is DXF, have become de facto, if proprietary, standards
for CAD data interoperability, particularly for 2D drawing exchange.
AutoCAD has included support for .dwf, a format developed and promoted by
Autodesk, for publishing CAD data.
The first version by Autodesk was demonstrated at the 1982
The 2016 release marked the 30th major release of AutoCAD for Windows.
The 2014 release marked the fourth consecutive year of AutoCAD for Mac.

Features Of AutoCAD
User Can Give command to draw any geometrical figure in three ways:
By Selecting Particular Tool
By Using Keyboard shortcuts e.g. c is a shortcut to draw a circle
By Writing Full Name of Any Command e.g. circle can be written to draw a circle

Facilitates user to draw both 2D & 3D Images as well as isometric images

How To Feed Command

In AutoCAD user can give instruction in one of the three ways to draw an object
By using shortcut command
By using Command name
By selecting Command from the toolbar

LECTURE 4

Double Click to open the AutoCAD

Things To Know
There are following things that you should know before learning any command:
Object Snap
Mouse Shortcuts
Ortho Mode
Setting the right units
Keyboard shortcuts
Dynamic Inputs
Polar tracking
Command Window

Object Snap
Used to configure
Midpoint
Quadrant
Tangent

Midpoint
In order to draw a line starting from the midpoint of a line, you need to
activate Midpoint

Quadrant
Allows you to start you next object from the 0, 90, 180, 270-degree edge of a circle

Tangent
Allows you to draw a tangent over two object

Mouse Shortcuts
Pan
it allows you to move the views planar to the screen.

Zoom
This allows you to zoom in and out

Ortho Mode
When this is activated, it pushes AutoCAD to draw only vertical or horizontal lines.
With this, you are sure to be moving on a line, according to the direction you want to go.
it is not only important while drawing lines, it is also important for other manipulations like,
copying an object, moving an object from one position to the other, among others.

Setting The Right Units

write UNITS using your keyboard and
press ENTER.
A window will be pops up and allows you to
specify and configure the drawing units.

Keyboard Shortcut
ESC and ENTER keys
These two keys help you to end a command in most cases.
Lets say, you have just drawn a line but the command is still activated allowing you
to draw a new line starting from the end of the previous one.
Press the ESC or ENTER key to quit the command if you do not want to draw the
new line.

DELETE key
The DELETE key helps you delete an object
To use it you need to select the object to be deleted before pressing the DELETE key.

Dynamic Input
When this is activated it helps you have information about the position of the cursor
in the drawing interface.
This also gives you more information, such as angle and length of object

Polar Tracking
It help you to draw with a specific angle.
This does not require the command
windows.
Right click on Polar Tracking (shown on
the image above) and specify angles you
would like to work with.

Command Window
The Command window helps you communicate with AutoCAD.
Each time you use a command, either after a click on its icon or by typing it in
This area help you know the next step to take and offers you options along the way.
If you are a beginner, you need to learn how to use this window.

LECTURE 5

How To Set Up AutoCAD For 2D Drawings

If youre new to the AutoCAD 2D, you need to do a couple of things before you can
start a new 2D model in AutoCAD: You have to change the workspace, so that you
can use all the 2D command at your desktop. The following steps explain how:
Open the Workspaces drop-down list on the Quick Access toolbar or Click the
Workspace Switching button on the status bar and then
Choose Drafting and Annotation.

For 2D
Drawing

For 3D
Drawing

For Older Version

AutoCAD Environment

AutoCAD Workspace

Pull Down Menus

Modeling Style

UCS Tool

Toolbar
Cursor
Drawing Area

Co-Ordinate Display (X,Y,Z)

Command Status Window

Command Line

Navigation Tool

Line: Used to draw A line from coordinate (x1,y1) to (x2,y2)

To Draw a line of any dimension
To Draw a line of fixed dimension
To Draw a line of fixed dimension & known angle
To Draw an orthogonal line

 To use this command:

Select Line command
Define the direction and distance and press enter
If needs more line then give direction and dimension otherwise press ESC key

Rectangle: Used to Create A rectangle Of polyline

To Draw a rectangle of any dimension
Select RECTANGLE > Left Click to specify 1st corner point > Left Click to specify other
corner point
Or, Type REC > Enter > Left Click to specify 1st corner point > Left Click to specify other
corner point

To Draw a rectangle of fixed dimension

Select RECTANGLE > Left Click to specify 1st corner point > Type D > Enter > Give
Length Value > Give width Value > Left Click
Or, Type REC > Enter > Left Click to specify 1st corner point > Type D > Enter > Give
Length Value > Give width Value > Left Click

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Select line command

left click & draw line with dimension 40
move cursor upward & give dimension 10
move cursor right side & give value 60
move cursor upward & give value 10
move cursor right side & give value 30
move cursor upward & give value 20
move cursor left side & give value 30
move cursor upward & give value 20
move cursor right side & give value 30
move cursor upward & give value 20
move cursor left side & give value 30
move cursor upward & give dimension 10
move cursor left side & give value 60
move cursor upward & give value 10
move cursor left & give value 40 & press Enter.

! Select line command

! left click & draw line with dimension 100
! move cursor upward & give dimension 20
! move cursor left & give value 20
! move cursor upward & give value 20
! move cursor left & give value 30
! move cursor upward & give value 50
! move cursor right side & give value 30
! move cursor upward & give value 20
! move cursor upward & give value 20
! move cursor left side & give value 100
! move cursor downward & give value 25
! move cursor right side & give value 30
! move cursor downward & give value 80
! move cursor left side & give value 30
! move cursor downward & give value 25 & press Enter

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Select line command & give co-ordinate value 9,6

Enter
move cursor left & give value 8
move cursor downward & give value 5
give value 4 &press tab & give angle value 80
move cursor right& give value 5
move cursor downward & give value 2
move cursor left & give value 1
move cursor downward & give value 0.5
move cursor left & give value 3
give value 2 & press tab & give angle value 45
move cursor right & give value 4
move cursor upward & give value 3
press c
Enter.

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Select line command & give co-ordinate value 2,2

Enter
move cursor left & give value 3
press enter
Select line command & give co-ordinate value 1,1 & meet 1,1 & 2,2 press
Enter
Select line command
move cursor downward & give value 1
move cursor right & give value 2
give value 2 & press tab & give angle value 45
move cursor upward & give value 3
move cursor left & give value 1
move cursor upward & give value 1
move cursor left & give value 3
move cursor downward & give value 1.4
move cursor left & give value 2.6
touch line with coordinate 1,1 & press Enter.