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350 gpm
(b) If the pump reduces speed so that the water flow rate is 250 gpm at 60 percent valve
open, determine the pump discharge pressure
220.9 psig
2. A 2 L glass jar is half filled with water and half filled with air at a temperature of
293oK. After 92 mg (=10-3 mol, mw = 92) of liquid toluene is added, the jar is sealed. At
293oK, the Henrys law constant for toluene is KH,g = 0.15 [Matm-1]. Note: M= mol/L,
gas constant = 82.0510-3 Latm/molK
A ir
L iq u id w a t e r
Determine the equilibrium partial pressure (atm) of toluene in the gas phase and the
equilibrium concentration (M) of toluene in the water.
Solution
Pt = 5.2310-3 atm
Ct = 7.8610-4 M
3.2 We want to design a control valve for admitting cooling water to a cooling coil in an
exothermic chemical reactor. The normal flow rate is 60 gpm and the minimum flow rate is
25 gpm. To prevent reactor runaways, the valve must be able to provide three times the
design flow rate. The pressure drop through the cooling coil is 5 psi at the design flow rate of
60 gpm. The cooling water is pumped from an atmospheric tank. The water leaving the coil
run into a pipe in which the pressure is constant at 2 psig. Size the control valve and the
pump.
Solution
Cv = 26.12 gpm/psi0.5 and PT = 92.5 psig. The pump head is then PP = PT +2 = 94.5 psi.
4.2 A process for transferring oil from a storage tank to a separation tower is shown in Figure
P-5b. The tank is at atmospheric pressure, and the tower works at 12.7 psia. Nominal oil flow
is 1000 gpm, its specific gravity is 0.90, and its vapor pressure at the flowing temperature of
90oF is 14.85 psia. The pipe is 8-in. Schedule 40 commercial steel pipe, and the pump
efficiency is 80%. Size a valve to control the flow of oil if the frictional pressure drop in the
line is found to be 6 psi. Use a pressure drop of 10 psi across the valve and estimate the
annual cost if the electricity price is $0.20/kW-hr and the pump operates 8200 hr per year.
N o m in a l T r im s iz e
1 /4
3 /8
O r if ic e D ia . ( in . )
.2 5 0
.3 7 5
V a lv e s iz e
( in .)
.5 0 0
3 /4
.7 5 0
.8 1 2
R e d u c e d T r im
1 .7
3 .7
6 .4
11
1 .7
3 .7
6 .4
11
12
1
2
3
1 .7
1 .7
3 .8
3 .8
6 .6
6 .7
12
13
14
13
19
6
8
10
10
1 .2 5 0 1 .6 2 5 2 .6 2 5 3 .5 0 0 5 .0 0 0 6 .2 5 0 8 .0 0 0
F u ll C a p a c it y T r im
3 /4
1 .5
25
26
31
46
47
11 0
32
49
11 3
195
53
126
208
400
133
224
415
640
233
442
648
1000
S e p a r a t io n
to w e r
P = 1 2 .7 p s ia
C r u d e ta n k
P = 1 a tm
Pum p
6 4 ft
8 ft
4 ft
114.7
Qscfh = 836(195)(0.9) (35 / 29)(560) (0.512) = 331,400 scfh
The mass flow rate is determined from
35 520
19.7
Qscfh = 836(195)(0.9) (35 / 29)(560) (0.972) = 108,100 scfh
35 520
36.3 19.7
(
35
/
29
)(
560
)
Qscfh = 6650
(19.7) sin
59.64 10
rad
rad
= 105,800 scfh
= 9,761 lb/hr
6. A control valve is to regulate the flow of steam into a heat exchanger with a design heat
transfer rate of 10 million Btu/hr. The supply steam is saturated at 20 psig. Size the control
valve for a pressure drop of 10 psi and 100% overcapacity. Assume a Masoneilan valve with
Cf = 0.8.
Solution -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------From Figure 3.5-3, a 8-in. Masoneilan valve, with a coefficient of 640, is the smallest valve
that can provide the service.
7.The temperature of a CSTR is controlled by an electronic (4 to 20 mA) feedback control
system containing (1) a 100 to 260oF temperature transmitter, (2) a PI controller with integral
time set at 2 minutes and proportional band at 25, and (3) a control valve with linear trim, airto-open action, and Cv = 10 gpm/psi0.5through which cooling water flows. The pressure drop
across the valve is a constant 25 psi. If the steady state controller output is 12 mA, how much
cooling water is going through the valve? If a sudden disturbance increases reactor
temperature by 10oF, what will be the immediate effect on the controller output signal and the
water flow rate?
Solution -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(a) If the steady state controller output is 12 mA, how much cooling water is going through
the valve?
F = (10)(0.5)
25 = 25 gpm
(b)If a sudden disturbance increases reactor temperature by 10 oF, what will be the immediate
effect on the controller output signal and the water flow rate?
F = (10)(0.75)
25 = 37.5 gpm
8. Develop a dynamic model for the endothermic CSTR as shown in Figure 4-8.
These conditions represent the initial steady-state conditions. At time equal to 10 seconds, a
step change in the heat addition rate is made from 700,000 cal/s to 900,000 cal/s. Plot the
product stream temperature and concentration from 0 to 100 s using two separate graphs. Use
Matlab to plot and label the graph with your name using the Title command. Note: The
solution to this problem is in reference (4) and you should use ode23s (s for stiff) to solve the
ODEs since the ODES describing the reactor are stiff differential equations.
Solution
Material balance for the reactant gives:
dC A
Vr dt = Fv (CA0 CA) Vr k0 CA exp
RT
Since F = Fv
E
dC A
Vr dt = F(CA0 CA)/ Vr k0CA exp RT
Energy balance over the reactor gives:
E
dC A
CpVr dt = FCp(T0 T) Vr Hrxnk0CA exp RT + Q