Académique Documents
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HOST ORGANIZATION
VSS CO-ORDINATOR
UDYOGINI
REPORTING OFFICER
FACULTY GUIDE
MBA-RM Coordinator
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost we are thankful to Prof. (Dr.) L. K. Vaswani, DIRECTOR, KIIT School of
Rural Management for placing the Village Study Segment (VSS) fieldwork Component as a part
of our course curricula. We would like to express our gratitude to Professor (Dr.) Jyotirmayee
Acharya, Coordinator, VSS to facilitate throughout by playing different roles as mentor,
coordinator and supervisor and for inputs and moral support for designing and completion of the
report. We are thankful to the faculty guide Prof H. S. Ganesha for his guidance and assessment
of this report.
We have immense pleasure in expressing our deep sense of gratitude, indebtedness and sincere
thanks to our esteemed Reporting Officer Ms. Ketaki Narkar, Enterprise Promotion Manager and
team member Mr. Kumar Padmanabh of Udyogini who facilitated our accommodation and made
us to learn all the VSS components by doing and interacting with the villagers. We are thankful
for their feedback and insight to our theme paper and support for the RAC and to share with us
useful experiences during the village study. We are also thankful to Mr. Prashanto Mandal,
EPM; Ms. Yojana Lama, EPE and Ms. Punam Rai, EPE of Udyogini who helped us immensely
in our project and ensured that our visit turns more meaningful.
In order to complete fieldwork successfully, I would like to present special thanks to all the
research participants and villagers who provided their valuable time and made our stay
meaningful and study valuable. We are extremely happy to reveal our special thanks to our
classmates for their inspiration.
Page 2
ABSTRACT
Author: Kumar Nishant and Sunil Kumar
Host Organization: UDYOGINI, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
Village Report: A report of the Samaiya village of Niwas Block, Mandla district was developed
by conducting household survey through a structured schedule.
Rural Action Components: The action component aimed to provide Grass roots management
training to the Women Entrepreneur Group (WEG) formed by Udyogini, conduction of a rally on
Womens day to promote enterprise and entrepreneurship among womens and a skit on
advantages of enterprise and entrepreneurship.
National Service Scheme: The main objective of NSS activities carried out is to create
awareness about of common diseases and prevention. To discuss among the villagers about the
State Govt. health schemes for women also we focused our NSS on children to increase their
awareness level and motivate them to come to school.
Theme paper: Assessment of willingness to pay of the community for the services and products
identified for being offered through Village Level Service Centers
Organization profile of the host organization was documented. The major objective was study of
existing supply chain established by Udyam Jagaran Sansthan (UJAS), to check for the
willingness of the community to pay for the identified products and services in the project areas
of Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh. A study in both financial and operational aspects of
different opportunities was carried out to understand the various perspectives for the initiatives
undertaken by Udyogini
Research Design: The main endeavor in the study was to check the willingness of the products
and services for Tribal community people that can be incorporated into the existing supply chain
of the UJAS. For this Semi Structured questionnaire is develop to collect the primary data.
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Focused Group Discussion (FGD) and Mass Meetings are
organized to conduct NSS and Rural Action Component activities, 32 Household surveys was
carried out and a schedule is designed to collect information from the individual on their
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar
Page 3
Study Findings:
During our stay in the village we found that giving right information can help people to make
right decision. We observed that the people of the villages have the potential and skill to come up
from poverty and misery but the most important thing they lack is information and knowledge
about what is happening around the World. We saw that mere distribution of money by
government and NGOs has degraded the communities value and generated a feeling of
dependency. We learnt the importance of life skills & functional literacy which will help them to
operate & manage their enterprise. The households have very small amount of savings which is
not enough for their risk mitigation. The rate of interest charged is 5-10 percent per month and
repayment period remain longer with number of self consumption loans being more taken by the
households. We also learnt that social rural marketing can bring an economic empowerment
with the help of WEG formation as this inculcates saving habits among the rural women.
Page 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1: VILLAGE REPORT
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 11
2 OBJECTIVES: ......................................................................................................................... 11
3 METHODOLOGY: ................................................................................................................. 12
3.1 SOURCE OF DATA: ............................................................................................................................. 12
3.2 SAMPLE DESIGN: ............................................................................................................................... 12
3.3 DATA ANALYSIS: ................................................................................................................................ 12
3.4 LIMITATIONS OF DATA COLLECTION:................................................................................................ 12
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7 INFRASTRUCTURE .............................................................................................................. 21
7.1 Roads:................................................................................................................................................ 21
7.2 Electricity:.......................................................................................................................................... 21
7.3 Drainage: ........................................................................................................................................... 21
7.4 Communication: ................................................................................................................................ 21
7.5 Social infrastructure .......................................................................................................................... 21
7.5.1 Educational infrastructure ......................................................................................................... 21
7.5.2 Anganwadi: ................................................................................................................................ 22
7.5.3 Infrastructure Related to Health ................................................................................................ 22
7.5.4 Defecation .................................................................................................................................. 22
7.5.5 Infrastructure Related to the Drinking water ............................................................................ 22
7.5.6 Cultural place ............................................................................................................................. 23
7.5.7 Micro Enterprise: ....................................................................................................................... 23
7.5.8 Community hall .......................................................................................................................... 23
9 Consumption ............................................................................................................................ 27
9.1 Products ............................................................................................................................................ 27
9.2 Food availability ................................................................................................................................ 27
9.3 Housing Pattern: ............................................................................................................................... 28
9.4 Banks ................................................................................................................................................. 28
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9.5 Credit................................................................................................................................................. 28
9.5.1 Trader/ Money Lenders: ............................................................................................................ 28
9.5.2 Friends and Acquaintances: ....................................................................................................... 28
9.5.3 Banks: ......................................................................................................................................... 29
9.6 SHGs: ................................................................................................................................................. 29
Page 7
4 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 67
4.1 Major findings of the Study: ............................................................................................................. 67
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar
Page 8
5 Suggestions: .............................................................................................................................. 68
We suggest the following services for feasibility check: .......................................................... 68
Page 9
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
Adivasi: Tribal
Gond tribe: A Caste of Tribal
Baiga tribe: A caste of Tribal
Karma: A flok dance of Gond and Baiga Tribal
Hareli: A Tribal festival
Madayi Mela: A Seasonal Local Fair.
Paddy: An Agriculture Produce
Kodu: An Agriculture Produce
Kutki: An Agriculture Produce
Jagni: An Agriculture Produce
Massor: An Agriculture Produce
Alsi: An Agriculture Produce
Mahua: NTFPs
Amla: NTFPs
Tendu Patta: NTFPs
Galla: Agriculture Produce
UJAS: Udyam Jagran Santhan
VLSCs: Village Level Service Center
CLSCs: Cluster Level Service Center
FGDs: Focus Group Discussion
PRA: Participatory Rural Appraisal
NTFPs: Non Timber Forest Produce
Page 10
INTRODUCTION
As part of the field work module of Village Study Segment course, we conducted survey of
village Samaiya in Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh. We were assigned a host organization, a
non government organization named UDYOGINI working in the Mandla district of Madhya
Pradesh. We had the opportunity to closely observe the various forms of interventions and
interactions taking place within the village and understand the impact of such interventions on
the lives of the people of the village.
2 OBJECTIVES:
The main objective of village study segment is:
To get insight into the socio-economic and cultural realities of rural life.
To understand the dynamics of various village level institution in addressing the
developmental work
To understand the status of women; their contribution and the role played by them in
developing rural entrepreneurship
To understand the dynamics of social structure, infrastructure, resources, and various
intervention on the villagers and how it effects them
To blend class room learning with the field experience
Page 11
3 METHODOLOGY:
The data collected are on demography, social structure, infrastructure facilities, agro-climatic
resources, village economy, village organizations and peoples institutions and the issues of
development. Both Quantitative and Qualitative data were collected. The quantitative data were
on population, land holding, literacy rate. The qualitative data were quality of drinking water,
quality of the road, housing pattern, sanitation, food habit which were obtained from the village
after the interaction with the villagers and with use of tools like PRAs, Focused Group
discussion, informal meetings.
Page 12
Village
Block
District
State
Boundaries
East
West
North
South
Parliamentary Constituency
Source: Transect walk, Panchayat Office
Samaiya
Niwas
Mandla
Madhya Pradesh
Singhpur
Khudri
Pipariya
Devdungari
Niwas
Year
1950
1955
1976
1979
1986
1990
1990
1991
1995
1996
1996
2005
2006
2006
2006
2007
2007
2008
2009
Description
Village Established
First Bicycle
First Open Well
Establishment of Primary School
First Boy to pass high school(10th)
First Hand pump
Electrification
First Girl to pass high school(10th)
First Television
Establishment of Anganwadi
Construction of Durga Manch
Village included in MPRLP
Starting of NREGA work
First Tractor
Ladali Yojana
Samuhik Vivah Yojana
First motorbike
Metal Road
Construction of Temple
Page 13
2009
Formation of SHG
2010
First Mobile phone
Source: Informal meetings, Focused group discussion with villagers
Caste-wise distribution
ST
112
SC
Total No. of
households
Total No. of
BPL
households
128
35
OBC
12
No. of
Males
324
No. of
Females
289
Total
Population
613
Page 14
4.6 Institutions:
Various formal and Informal institutions in and around the village Samaiya are as follows:
Table 4: formal and informal institutions
From
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
Samaiya
To
Jabalpur
Mandla
Niwas
Niwas
Niwas
Niwas
Niwas
Niwas
Pipariya
Pipariya
Pipariya
Pipariya
Pipariya
Pipariya
Singhpur
Singhpur
Inside Village
Inside Village
Inside Village
Institutions
Railway Station
District Headquarter
Tehsil
Janpath
Primary Health Centre
Veterinary Hospital
Police Station
State Bank of India
Market
Cooperative Bank
Cattle market
High School
Middle School
Bus Stand
PDS
Gram Panchayat
Anganwadi centre
Primary School
Temple
Distance
70 KM
60 KM
7 KM
7 KM
7 KM
7 KM
7 KM
7 KM
2 KM
2 KM
2 KM
2 KM
2 KM
2 KM
KM
KM
0 KM
0 KM
0 KM
Source: PRA
Time
Activities of female
Time
Activities of male
4:00-5:00 am
Get up
4:00-5:00 am
Get up
5:00-6:00 am
5:00-6:00 am
6:00 8:00 am
6:00-8:00 am
8:00-9:00 am
8:00-9:00 am
9:00-12:00 pm
field/forest/labor work
9:00-12:00 pm
Page 15
12:00-1:00 pm
5:00-6:00 pm
5:00-6:00 pm
7:00-8:00 pm
Cooking
7.00 - 8:00 pm
8:00-9:00 pm
Dinner
8:00 -9:00 pm
9:00-5:00 am
Sleep
9:00-5:00 am
Sleep
1:00-5:00 pm
5.2 Temperature
The climate is hot and humid during summer and cold during winter. The mercury rises sharply
in the summer and touches about 44-45 degree Celsius in the summer and dips as far as 1-2
degree Celsius in the winter. The climate of the village is characterized by an oppressively hot
summer with high humidity. Summer generally commences in the month of March.
Seasonality:
Sl. No.
Name of Product
1
Maua
2
Tend leaf
Source: PRA
Time of Flowering
Chait (March-April)
Time of Harvesting
Baisakh (April-May)
Fagun (February-March)
Page 16
Sl.
Season
No.
1
2
3
Kharif
4
5
6
7
Rabi
8
9
10
Source: PRA
Name of Crop
Time of Sowing
Time of Harvesting
Paddy
Maize
Kutki
Kodo
Ramtilla
Arhar
Wheat
Rai
Batra
Masoor
Ashadh (June-July)
Ashadh (June-July)
Sawan (July-August)
Mid ashadh (June)
Sawan (July-August)
Ashadh (June-July)
Mid Kartik (October)
Aashin (September-Oct.)
Kartik (October-Nov.)
Kartik (October-Nov.)
Types of
Disease
Cold/Coug
h
Jan
Feb
Marc
h
Apri May
l
June Jul
y
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
***
***
**
***
***
**
***
***
**
***
***
***
***
***
**
***
***
**
**
**
*
*
*
*** ***
***
*
*
*
*
*
*, **, *** indicate rare occurrence, often observed and severely occurred respectively.
Headache
Diarrhea
Malaria
Sun Stroke
Source: PRA
Page 17
Indicator
Season
Magh (January-Feb)
Sorrow
Sorrow
Jeth (May-June)
Ashadh (June-July)
Sawan (July-August)
Fagun (February-March)
Baisakh (April-May)
Average
Reason
Greenery
Good climate
Very hot, Sum stroke, malaria
No work no money
Availability of food
Source: PRA
Migration Details
Migrated
72%
For Job
100%
City
74%
Town
26%
36 days
Avg. earning/month
1878
Residence (pucca)
30%
Residence (kuchha)
22%
Residence (Tent)
48%
Page 18
INHIBITING FORCE
INDUCING FORCE
1. Unemployment
6. Illness or death
4. Landlessness
6. Draught
6 Natural Resources
6.1 Land:
According to the villagers the fertility of soil is not good because of which yield per hectare is
very less. The village is situated on uplands or mid up land where texture of soil is loamy
Murom with or without clay. Depth of soil is also shallow to moderate. Fertility is moderate;
the soil is black, red or rocky in texture. The land use pattern in village is as follows:
Page 19
Land use
Area in hectare
Cultivable land
185 acre
Fallow Land
15 acre
Forest Land
200 acre
400 acre
6.2 Water:
The Village has six hand pumps for the drinking water of which one is not functioning now.
Village has good drinking water facility as these pumps provide hygienic water. There are few
households which are little far away from the hand pump and well therefore they face a lot of
problem for drinking water. There are also few households who use River water for drinking
purpose and the water is not suitable for drinking purpose. Villages have 11 open wells of which
4 are public and rest is of private ownership. The village has a pond of approximately 0.5 acre
for drinking water for their livestock. The water in two of the open well is present throughout the
year and is used by most of the villagers. One of these well is used for drinking purpose while
other is used for bathing purpose. There is also a small River Balai flowing south of the village
which is used for drinking and bathing for the nearby households.
6.3 Forestry:
As village is situated on upland, it is surrounded by forest. Though a large part of forest is
depleted due to excessive use of resources but it still provides a lot of tangible and intangible
benefits to the villagers. Villagers gets not only fuel wood but also a number of non timber forest
produce like Maua and Tend patta which adds to their source of livelihood. The forest has
mainly tress of sagon, mahua, palash, Tend and other trees which are used as fuel. Forest doesnt
have any animal species except wild pig, fox, monkey, rabbit and some varieties of birds like
peacock.
Page 20
7 INFRASTRUCTURE
7.1 Roads:
The village is connected through a concrete Road, near the village there is PCC which is of 1km
in stretch. Inside the village road are both Kuchha and Pucca. The sample survey shows that 59%
of the households say that the road is dilapidated, 22% of the road is of poor quality, 16% of the
road is average and just 3% of the sample says that the road is of good quality.
7.2 Electricity:
The village was electrified in 1990; most of the households are electrified. Electricity is available
approximately 12 hours with two interruptions in a day. The sample survey shows that 80% of
the households are electrified. There are 4 mohallas in the village out of which three are
electrified. The village receives electricity for 12 hours every day with two breaks in a day.
7.3 Drainage:
Drainage is a problem in the village because there is lack of drainage line on both side of roads,
even road is Kaccha on some places. That is why water stagnation is a serious problem in the
village, especially in rainy season in this particular season stagnant water invites monsoon
diseases like malaria and diarrhea.
7.4 Communication:
There is no land line phone available in this village. Mobile phone network was available 1km
away from village till 2009. The proper use of mobile phone started in 2010. The village has
network connectivity of BSNL, Reliance CDMA & GSM
There is one Primary school in the village, Middle school is situated in the neighboring village
Singhpur which is just half km from the village, and High school is situated at Pipariya which is
two km from the village. The strength of the school is 67 including 39 boys and 28 girls and
three teachers to teach them. The school has been provided with midday meal facilities for the
children under Sarvashiksha Abhiyan. There is no toilet facility for students in the school.
During our village stay and teaching in the Primary School we noticed that in spite of good
facilities provided the learning of the children is very poor. The students of 5th std. are not able to
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar
Page 21
read properly nor are they good at solving simple mathematical problems. Students of different
classes seat together, teachers are inefficient in teaching and are not able to bring discipline
among students and nor are they willing to do so.
7.5.2 Anganwadi:
The Anganwadi is established in 1996 in the village but till now its not having its own building;
its building is under construction and is expected to become functional by next one month.
Anganwadi worker and Asha are in village itself and are working efficiently. They provide
services like Supplementary nutrition, Non-formal pre-school education, Immunization, Health
Check-up, Referral services, Nutrition and Health Education.
7.5.3 Infrastructure Related to Health
There is no health facility available in the village. The Primary Health Centre is located 7 km
from the village. According to the villagers the PHC is running well, the number of Doctors is
adequate and all the health facilities are in good condition. General fever, Malaria, Diarrhea, are
common in the village. There is an Asha worker in the village that provides vaccination to the
children and also informs people about different diseases.
From the household survey we found that 41.5 percent of the respondent feels the PHC is
running well while 39 percent feel there are not sufficient doctors while 14 percent are not happy
with the competence of doctor. 4.5% people feel PHC is lacking in basic facilities.
7.5.4 Defecation
91% of the houses in the village practice open defecation while the rest have toilet facilities.
Households having toilet facility also prefer to go in the open for defecation; toilets are mostly
used by small childrens.
The village has 6 Hand pumps for drinking water facility out of which one is not functioning.
There are 11 open well out of which 4 are for use others are of private. Most of the households
use water from an open well for drinking purpose, very few people use water from hand pump as
the water is not suitable for drinking purpose. Few households use water from river for drinking
purpose but the water is not hygienic. Few house hold complained about the distant location of
the hand pump.
Page 22
Out of 128 households only five households have small shop which keeps some basic need items
like, Matchbox, Bidi, Candies, Snacks, Soap, detergent, cosmetics, biscuit, gutkha etc. There are
three women SHGs which are involved in handicraft work and a men SHG involved in fishing
activity.
7.5.8 Community hall
There is a community hall present in the village and is presently being used as Durga Manch.
8 Local Economy
8.1 Income Source
According to the house hold survey the average annual income of the family is Rs 31300,
average annual expenditure is Rs 21100 and average annual savings is Rs 12000.These savings is
used for the creating assets and some part of it is saved to cope with future crises.
8.2 Livelihood
The livelihood of villagers is multidimensional; people are engaged in a number of activities.
Villagers try to do maximum work to meet the family needs. Most of the people in the village
have agriculture as the primary source of income, apart from this they also do work as wage
laborers in government schemes or private works. If they do not have work in village they
migrate to nearby city to earn some livelihood. Since the village is surrounded by forest they
gather Maua and Tend patta from there and either sell it in the market to get some money or keep
some for their own consumption. Few womens are engaged in handicraft activity from last one
year and few men also do fishing for their livelihood.
Figure 1: Economic Activities
7%
8%
4%
41%
13%
27%
Agricultural
wage labour
salaried job
Migration
Business
forest Produce
Page 23
19%
Farmer Cultivator
6% 3% 3%
3%
81%
Farmer/Cultivator
13%
Salaried Job
72%
Non Agri-laborer
No secondary
Occupation
Homemaker
(housewife)
Agri-laborer
Page 24
16%
9%
22%
31%
22%
8.5 Agriculture
Most of the people are dependent on agriculture; the agriculture practice is mainly primitive in
nature and labor intensive. Agriculture is mainly rain fed due to non availability of water for
irrigation purpose. It is found that the soil is blackish to red loamy and even rocky at some
places. Though some of the farmers use urea along with cow dung as fertilizers; however,
application of cow dung is found to be prevalent in the village. Most of the crops produced are
consumed only a small part of it is sold in the local market. On an average a household earns Rs
13000 per year from agriculture.
Table 10: Yield per Hectare
Product Name
Rice
Wheat
Maize
Rai
Batra
Masoor
Arhar
Ramtilla
Kodo
Kutki
Chana
Alsi
Urad
Yield
16.5 quintal/hectare
29 quintal/hectare
12 quintal/hectare
14 quintal/hectare
18 quintal/hectare
7 quintal/hectare
6.5 quintal/hectare
6 quintal/hectare
5 quintal/ hectare
5 quintal/hectare
13 quintal/hectare
7.5 quintal/hectare
5 quintal/hectare
Source: FGD
Page 25
Kotwar of village
Asha worker
Anganwadi worker
SAF ( MP Police)
Program Assistant
Health Worker
Page 26
1% 4%
2%
Food Consumption
Clothing
Health Care
Electricity & Travelling
Housing
Education
Social Function
Agri. Related Exp.
11%
64%
7%
Source: Survey
9 Consumption
9.1 Products
There is no processing unit in the village. So people sell their raw material and grain stock in the
nearby market Main products of the village are the agricultural and forest produce. The
production of agricultural produce is just sufficient for the villagers, though they sell some
produce like Rai, Kodo, Kutaki, Jagni, Wheat, Arhar, Masoor, Batra etc. in the local and weekly
market of Pipariya. Apart from this they also sell NTFP like Mahua and Tend leaf to these
markets.
Surplus
60%
Deficit
40%
Sufficient for
Family
20%
0%
Cereals
Pulse
Oil/Ghee
Vegetable
Fruit
Cash Crop
Source: Survey
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar
Page 27
9.4 Banks
There are two banks located near the village, one is the Co-operative Bank which is located 2 km
from the village and another one is the State Bank of India which is located 7 km from the
village. Very few villagers have account in the Co-operative bank; most of the people have
account in the State Bank. The reason is the villagers receive their payment for working under
NREGS from State Bank Only. Before this scheme came very few villagers had a bank account
but after the starting of this scheme as well as a number of SHGs, most of the people are account
holder.
9.5 Credit
9.5.1 Trader/ Money Lenders:
This is the major source of the informal credit for the villagers, may it be for daily expenditure,
social function, medical expenses purchasing cattles or crop loan. The interest rate varies from
60-80% p.a. depending upon the emergency of credit.
9.5.2 Friends and Acquaintances:
This is source of informal credit system for the villagers. Borrowing of money and grains mostly
take place. In case of cash borrowings it is repaid by working as a wage labor where as the grains
are returned back after harvesting.
Page 28
9.5.3 Banks:
Very few people take loan from the bank primary reason is the process of taking loan is very
complicated in banks. Also taking loan from bank requires a lot of paper work and people have
to deposit their documents where as it is much easier to take money from money lenders as
people can get money very quickly.
9.6 SHGs:
Village has 6 SHGs formed by three different NGOs working in this village. An NGO naming
Ajeevika funded by MPRLP has formed 4 SHGs, Udyogini has formed 1 SHG and FES has
formed 1 SHG respectively.
1. Ajeevika is working very efficiently in this village; they have launched a number of poverty
elevation schemes in the village. It is working on the basis of three tier systems, first they are
working on group basis by forming SHGs, second on individual basis by providing fund for
business and third they are creating assets which can be used by all the villagers
2. Udyogini: It formed its first WEG in 2008 but this group broke up. Currently it has formed a
new group which is just 3 months old. This group is new and is involved in saving; each
member of the group saves Rs 50 every month.
3. Foundation for Ecological Security: It is working in this village since 2009 and has formed
one SHG.
Page 29
4. Nigarani Samiti: This committee was formed in 2005.the main objective of this
committee is to look after various constructions and development work in the village.
5. Gram Kosh Samiti: This committee was formed in 2005. It works for any type of
disaster management in the village. This committee is funded by Ajeevika which is a
Madhya Pradesh Government Project. Its main objective is to provide financial
support in case of Snake bite, delivery of child, sudden death in a poor family etc.
12 Government Schemes:
Ladali Yojana: Under this scheme girl child would be given Rs 2 lakh when they
complete 18 yr of age.
Page 30
Samuhik Vivah: Under this scheme girl will be given jewelry, cloth and Rs 10,000 at the
time of marriage.
Antyodaya Yojana: It is distributing food grains, kerosene and sugar under Public
Distribution System (PDS) to the villagers.
13 STATUS OF WOMEN
Table 11: Gender Analysis
Womens participation
in Politics
Agriculture
Work is divided between both men and women. Women do the work
of removing weeds from the field and harvesting of the crops. Men do
the work of plough and sowing of seeds.
Land
Both men and women have equal ownership over their ancestors land,
both gets equal amount of land.
Labor
Both men and women receives equal wage for labor work
Marriage
Girl is not forced for marriage by their parents. Girl is free to select the
person of her choice but inter caste marriage is not permitted.
Education
Due to the government scheme of free education, girls are given all the
facilities like bicycle, books, stationary items, dress etc therefore most
of the girls go to school.
Family Planning
Women have equal right to decide the number of children she could
have.
Dowry
Decision making
Males are the decision maker in the family; women have a small role
in decision making.
Head of the family have the control over finance, most often males are
the head of the family
Source: FGD
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar
Page 31
Providing water for both drinking and an irrigation facility for this it is digging 15 wells
throughout the Panchayat. 13.2 Long Term Plans:
Work on merh bandh i.e. boundary along the fields would be done throughout the
village.
Electrification of one part of the village i.e. a mohalla which is not yet electrified have to
be electrified
15 SWOT Analysis:
STRENGTH
WEAKNESS
Land
Forest
Illiteracy
Jute
Social capital
Nuclear family
Demand for Agriculture/NTFP
Natural calamities
Job insecurity
Road connectivity
Weekly haat
NGO intervention
Government Schemes
OPPORTUNITIES
THREAT
Page 32
17 CONCLUSIONS:
The village study enabled me in studying the various aspects of the village life. We came to
know various things knowing which perhaps were not possible without staying in the village
among the rural population. My stay helped me to understand the lives of the villager, their need
and various dynamics relating to it.
livelihood, which kind of difficulties they face for livelihood and other expenses of household.
And we also saw the various development plans running in the village and impact of it helped
me to sharpen my understanding of these plans and ground realities associated with them. Its
easy to stay outside the village and suggests various means for the development of village but the
real picture is quite different in the village. The village do have its bright color which is absent in
urban areas, even in many developed cities of the country. The facts like equality between
different caste, female position in the house, unity among villagers etc are among some of the
positive aspects of the village. Still there is sufficient scope of improvements in the village
related to the providing of livelihood opportunity to the villagers. We can say that providing
subsidies will not help but what the villagers actually needed is the information and knowledge
about their products, their value and their demand in the outside market, so that they could get
appropriate return for their hard work. And the second hand experience is how they cope up with
the expenditure when there have no job and suddenly natural disaster happened on the village
like Pala and other disasters.
Page 33
Page 34
2) Chapatti Diagram:
3) Seasonal Calendar:
Page 35
Appendices
Annexure- 1: Caste wise Population Distribution (Source: PRA)
Sl. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Page 36
Annexure-2
Inflow of products
Products/services used
but not produced
Sl. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Local
Production
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Products
Wheat
Rai
Ramtilla
Kodo
Kutki
Maize
Arhar
Batra
Masoor
Maua
11 Tendu patta
12 Handicraft
quantity
3000 kg
20000 kg
6000 kg
2500 kg
2500 kg
2500 kg
2500 kg
2000 kg
1000kg
20000 kg
200000
piece
price/unit
Rs 11/kg
Rs 13/kg
Rs 22/kg
Rs 7/kg
Rs 8/kg
Rs 7/kg
Rs 22/kg
Rs 60/kg
Rs 12/kg
Rs 15/kg
total value
Rs 33000
Rs 260000
Rs 132000
Rs 17500
Rs 20000
Rs 17500
Rs 55000
Rs 120000
Rs 12000
Rs 300000
demanded in
Pipariya
Pipariya
Pipariya
Pipariya
Pipariya
Pipariya
Pipariya
Pipariya
Pipariya
Pipariya
Rs 0.4/piece
Rs 8000
Rs 50000
Rs 102500
Pipariya
Jabalpur
Source: Survey
Page 37
Annexure: 4
Literacy rate
75
Male
Female
41
34
29
19
10
Total
Between 6-18
Above 18
88%
66%
63%
22%
RADIO
T.V
8%
6%
HEALTH
WORKER
85%
Page 38
Annexure: 7
Drinking Water Facility
9%
13%
78%
Pond/tank/River
Tubewell
Openwell
average
poor
dilapidated
22%
59%
16%
Number of Animal
Number of family
32
64
2
16
21
22
21
27
2
11
5
10
Page 39
ORGANIZATION
PROFILE
Page 40
1 Organization Overview
Udyogini which means women entrepreneur came into existence in 1992 as a World Bank
initiative to pilot a program to develop a curriculum, methodology and service provider for micro
enterprise management services, principally training for poor, asset less and mainly illiterate
women in the backward states of India.
Udyogini was set up to co-ordinate and facilitate management training for grassroots women's
groups for the World Bank Institute-funded Women's Enterprise Management Training Outreach
Program (WEMTOP). This was a three-year participatory action learning project aimed at
strengthening the capacity of intermediary NGOs to deliver management training to poor women
micro entrepreneurs in 1992. The training program consisted of Grassroots Management
Training (GMT) carried out for women producers and the Training of Enterprise Support Teams
(TEST) for the trainers of GMT. The trainings were carried out through NGOs who were
responsible for group formation and bringing together the women. NGO staff was trained as
trainers or Enterprise Support Teams (ESTs).
Udyogini from 1997 to 2001 scaled up its training services to many clients in existing and
additional states of India. It also introduced marketing services to NGOs that were working with
potential micro-entrepreneurs as well as to middle-level entrepreneurs working with women
producers to help scale up their enterprises. In 2002, as a result of a strategic planning process,
Udyogini made changes in implementing strategy, deciding to initiate programs to engage
directly with women producers at the grassroots.
By early 2010, Udyogini had a presence in 7 states of North, Central and Eastern India working
on aggregating and/or value-addition to commodities as diverse as lac, mahua, honey, bamboo,
silk, other medicinal plants, maize, mustard, vegetables, and pulses and services like child-care
center demonstrating considerable scale and breadth of experience and impact. It had also
facilitated registration of producers' institutions called UJAS in three of its locations. UJAS
(Udyam Jagaran Sansthan) is now an established national brand identity for producer-owned
entities and business products.
Page 41
Most significantly, in 2010, it has taken up the challenge of microenterprise development for
older sex workers who want to move out of the profession and want to ensure that their young
daughters develop employable skills so that they are not vulnerable to sex work.
Its intervention at Mandla district, M.P began in 13 villages to support around 200 women. They
work in three clusters namely Niwas, Babaliya and Bakori at Mandla district. By the end of
2005, Udyogini worked with nearly 1200 women from 60 villages.
1.1 Vision
To become a nationally and internationally recognized agency specializing in business
development services for NGOs and poor women.
1.2 Mission
To provide quality and appropriate business development services for promotion of poor women
as entrepreneurs.
2 Operational Areas
Implementation Projects
BDS Centres
Udaipur (Rajasthan)
Jabalpur (M.P.)
Saharanpur (U.P)
Dehradun (Uttrakhand)
Chamoli (Uttrakhand)
Patna (Bihar)
Ranchi (Jharkhand)
Ranchi (Jharkhand)
Kalahandi (Orissa)
Nawada, Gaya (Bihar)
Page 42
It is working in some of the most backward regions of India (desert and tribal districts of
Rajasthan, forest areas of Madhya Pradesh, insurgency-affected districts of Jharkhand, higher
reaches of the hill state of Uttarakhand, neglected areas of Bihar and Assam
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar
Page 43
3 Organization Structure
Board of Directors
Program Assistant
4 Retrospective:
URMUL, SURE and LUPIN in Rajasthan; NIPDIT and Samanwita in Orissa and ADITHI in
Bihar are few of the distinguished alumni of Udyogini's enterprise.
Udyogini also has two flagship programs namely Training of Enterprise support teams (TEST)
and Grassroots Management Training (GMT).
Page 44
TESTs are for those people who are professional and Para-professional but yet do not
have much knowledge and business skills in this area. It is a residential course in which
participants have to undergo an intensive training for four to five days. It covers a vast
range of topics including motivation for entrepreneurship, business idea generation and
marketing, risk analysis, market survey, value-chain analysis, business plan creation and
linkages building with a woman focus, this is known as Orientation TESTs.
Udyogini also has "Advanced TESTs" which deal more intensively with particular
aspects of enterprise management (such as feasibility and business planning), for those
already familiar with the basics
GMT is a core activity in Udyoginis work. This program focuses on women; they help
marginalized women to become entrepreneur not just skilled producers. The topics
covered under GMT are same as that of TESTs but the methodology and training aids
used are quite different. Udyogini build the capacity of women by training them in fields
like: assessing the feasibility of an enterprise planning and schedule production,
understanding and assessing the market, production / quality management. To simplify
these concepts for women, the training program includes tools like case studies and
simulation exercise, role-play and group works.
There is also a program called hybrid TESTs which are designed for local
entrepreneurs who have a certain level of education. The hybrid TESTs are customized
version from TESTs and GMTs.
5 Approaches:
1. Gender Focused (women viewed as drivers and leaders)
2. Capacity building model for women (Starts with incremental steps towards livelihood
security for poverty alleviation and moves to empowerment through promotion of Micro
Enterprise)
3. Thrust in Inclusive Market Development
4. Innovation, Learning and Change in Business Services content and delivery mechanism
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar
Page 45
6 Operational Frameworks:
1. Enterprise motivation and management awareness for grassroots women.
2. Creation of grassroots business development service providers
3.
7 Services offered:
1. Cluster identification, mobilization and development
2. Conducting market related Action Research & Assessment Studies
3. Conducting Feasibility Studies
4. Conducting Micro-plans for villages
5. Formulation of Business Plans for SMEs
6. Enterprise motivation / orientation training
7. Facilitation of market information, linkages & support
8. Facilitation for financial including social venture capital support
9. Building BDSP capacity through training, orientation & exposures
10. Mentoring selected BDSPs as entrepreneurs with access to venture finance
NABARD
Intel Corporation
Government of India
ICCW
Government of Rajasthan
Government of Uttarakhand
Page 46
10 Overall Activities:
1. Integrated BDS in diversified sub-sectors of Craft, Consumables, Agriculture & NTFP
through its Field Projects.
2. GMT (Capsule-based enterprise trainings for SHG women/Leaders).
3. TEST (Training of Enterprise Support Team).
4. Training Material Development.
5. Market Surveys, Action Research & Impact Assessment.
6. Feasibility Studies for Micro-enterprise activities.
7. Business Plan Preparation.
8. Product to Market Mapping / Value Chain Analysis.
9. Supply Chain Development (Primary Level).
10. Building Market Linkages & Trade Network.
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar
Page 47
11 Key Achievements:
Has trained over 1000 NGO and government staff through TEST.
Establishment of local level supply chain with a growth-oriented enterprise model for
various sub-sectors in all project locations;
Facilitated market linkages for various products with companies like Reliance, Safal,
Fab-India, UTMT and more corporate houses;
Developed a cadre of more than 100 women producers as service providers handling &
coaching other women on enterprise functions;
Chanelized a sales turnover of more than 50 lacs in 2 project locations each (M.P & Raj.)
and more than 25 lacs in 1 location (U.P);
Facilitated around 3500 producers to move up the value chains with more technical
operations as processors;
Build around 50% of the women to an extent to take up more technical production &
market operation and unions independently.
To strengthen customer base by expansion and outreach to other districts like Katni,
Shingroli.
To improvise the BDS by adding up more services and products in the supply chain.
Page 48
THEME PAPER
Assessment of willingness to pay of the community for
the services and products identified for being offered
through Village Level Service Centers
Page 49
INTRODUCTION
As part of the Village study segment, the major objective was study of existing supply chain
established by Udyam Jagaran Sansthan (UJAS), to check for the willingness of the community
to pay for the identified products and services in the project areas of Mandla district of Madhya
Pradesh. A study in both financial and operational aspects of different opportunities was carried
out to understand the various perspectives for the initiatives undertaken by Udyogini. In order to
identify challenges for the organization in current and future context different concepts that were
learnt in the classroom were utilized. The period of the study was from the 7th of January 2010
to the 29th January, 2011.
Page 50
1.4 Scope:
The information and the recommendations derived from this study helps to take appropriate
decisions for launching new identified products and services in the existing supply chain of the
UJAS to improve the lifestyle of the villagers. The primary data collected regarding their
willingness to pay for identified products and services and systemic knowledge generated by this
will result in the creation of a resource for other future study.
Page 51
RESEARCH DESIGN
2.1 Study area and target group:
The study area is extended to 6 villages of Niwas Block, 7 villages of Narayanganj Block and 7
villages of Mandla Block. These 20 villages are divided into three clusters namely Niwas,
Babaliya and Bakori cluster of Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh.
Table 2 Village names
Babaliya
Keriba
Padhriya
Sukhram
Chakdehi
Banar
Mukas Khurd
Barbati
Bakori
Singarpur
Muradeeh
Bakchheda Gondi
Dungariya
Chirayi Dongari
Khuksar
Sijhori
Niwas
Khamariya
Phadki Raiyat
Bandariya
Mohpani
Umariya
Lohari
Page 52
The primary data is collected with the help of semi structured questionnaire containing a series
of descriptive questions dealing with the information about the identified services and the
suitable prices of the service. The purpose of the study is explained to the respondent prior to
survey.
2.4.2 Collection of Secondary Data:
Secondary data was provided by organization and other sources of secondary data were reports
and projects of the organization. Data on information about Mandla districts were collected from
the internet.
Page 53
these villages is Gond tribe. People in all the villages are lacking essential infrastructure for the
development. Transport facilities are not adequate which makes it difficult for the people to go
out to purchase their basic amenities. Social infrastructures like electricity, health facility and
educational facilities are also lacking in most of these villages. Market connectivity is also very
poor; hence they have to depend on weekly haat bazaar which is usually far away from these
villages. There are very few to no general stores which forces villagers to run to places for their
day to day requirement. Most of the people are dependent on agriculture and forest produce for
their livelihood. Livestocks are not in good condition due to lack of fodder facilities in the
village. For irrigation people are dependent on rain as the hilly terrain makes it difficult to bore
wells.
WILLINGNESS PROFILE
3.1 Products and Services for which willingness has to be found:
As most of the villages are remotely located, the villagers do not have access to many services
easily and the service points are located on an average 5-6 km away from the village. Following
are the list of services which are to be provided:
1) Recharge coupons
2) PCO
3) Tailoring
4) Cycle repairing
5) Veterinary service
6) Agri-expert advice
7) Health insurance
8) Warehouse facility
9) Irrigation equipments on lease
10) Submission of electricity bill
11) Solar/emergency lights
12) Banking services
13) Computer works
Page 54
66
58
43
72
55
69
64
44
13
10
Page 55
53%
12%
Rs 12
Rs 10 (At MRP)
No Mobile phone
No idea
3%
Page 56
Current status of the service: Normally people of the village who dont have a mobile phone or
any calling facility, they ask the person who have mobile phone with him, to use their phone.
And that person charge whatever he/she likes for their service or else they have to travel to 5-6
km. just for a single call.
Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: This service is in
demand for throughout the year.
Willingness to pay:
Figure 3: Willingness to pay for PCO
36%
Rs 1.5-2.0/minute
Rs 1/minute
58%
Rs 2/minute
3%
3%
No
Page 57
Willingness to pay:
Demand for warehouse is found to be more than 62%, the reason being non-availability of any
facilities of this kind. There is a general trend among people to sell their surplus products in the
market. People either sell it to local weekly haat or to traders of Babaliya, Niwas or Bakori, The
reason for selling is either they need money instantly or they do not have proper storage facility.
25% households do are not able to pay as they do not have enough production, whatever they
produce is used for their own consumption. 58% households are willing to pay Rs
20/quintal/month for keeping their produce in warehouse. 3% households are willing to pay Rs
25/quintal/month whereas 14% people do not require this facility because whatever surplus they
have, they prefer selling it to the market because of the need for money.
Figure 4: Willingness to pay for Warehouse
14%
Rs 20/quintal
25%
58%
Rs 25/quintal
Not able to pay
No need
3%
Page 58
Willingness to pay:
Figure 5: Willingness to pay for Electricity bill submission
13%
41%
17%
27%
No Idea
Page 59
average demand for irrigation pump is 51%, 46% of the household do not require irrigation
facility because either they have their own pump or the irrigation pump cannot be used as there is
no water source available nearby. 4% of the households are willing to pay Rs 60/hour as rent and
diesel or kerosene for the irrigation pump, 47% is willing to pay between Rs 30 to 50 per hour
and diesel for renting irrigation pump and rest 3% do not have any idea for irrigation pump.
Figure 6: Willingness to pay for Irrigation Equipment
4%
Rs 60/hour
28%
46%
Rs 50/hour
Rs 40/hour
10%
Rs 35/hour
5%
Rs 30/hour
No idea
4%
3%
No Demand
17%
Rs 60-80 per 6 piece
27%
Page 60
Computer work includes mainly Passport photography; there is a great demand for photography
i.e. more than 75%. 15% households do not want this service, whereas 17%households are
willing to pay Rs 60-80/6 copy of photograph, 41% are willing to pay Rs 40-60 for 6
photographs, 27% are willing to pay Rs20-40/6 photographs and rest 15% does not have any idea
about this service.
2%
27%
BPL Family
71%
APL Family
No Need
Page 61
60%
Rs 100
Rs 150
Rs 350
Rs 50
No
Page 62
Current status of the service: Almost all the villagers have cycle in their houses and there is
need to introduce a person who can repair their cycle.
Period of the year when the demand for the product/service is there: These services are in
demand for throughout the year.
Willingness to pay:
Figure 8: Willingness to Pay for Cycle Repairing
32%
68%
Page 63
cattles, most of the time their cattle die before reaching of the doctor. Therefore there is a great
need for a Para Veterinary doctor. 36% households do not need this service because either their
villages are in close proximity to veterinary doctor or they have doctor in their own village. 46%
households are willing to pay Rs 50/animal as checkup charge, 9% are willing to pay Rs
20/animal, 4% Rs 100/animal and others are willing to pay anywhere between Rs 10-60/animal.
These charges are excluding the price for medicine.
Figure 9: Willingness to pay for Para-Veterinary doctor
1%
36%
Rs 100/animal
Rs 50/animal
Rs 40/animal
Rs 30/animal
Rs 25/animal
Rs 20/animal
Rs 10/animal
No
46%
9%
1%
1% 4%
2%
Page 64
are mostly available in evening till night also some places do not have electricity therefore
emergency light cannot be used as it require charging.
Figure 10: Willingness to Pay for Emergency Light
14%
Willing to Pay
86%
11%
Willingness
89%
Not willing
Page 65
87%
Not willing
Page 66
4 CONCLUSION
The following conclusions are drawn after the completion of the study:
1) The focused people in the household survey of 20 villages had agriculture as their primary
source of earning and livelihood. As the geographical condition of this area is not suitable for
good production from agriculture and there is lack of water and irrigation equipment therefore
there is a need for irrigation pump in most of the villages.
2) As the villages have poor connectivity with market, there is need of VLSCs in some of the
villages. Some of the products like Kirana materials, manihari, recharge voucher, emergency
lights can be sold there.
3) Farmers are ignorant about the crop disease and animal disease and since service of veterinary
doctor is not sufficient therefore there is a need to train people for Kishan mitra and veterinary
service.
4) Demand for health insurance is very high and also there is need for warehouse facility.
Tailoring facility is required in the villages and most of the people are willing to pay at market
price.
5) The purchasing power of the villagers is low; therefore, the services which can be uploaded in
the supply chain should be in their limit of purchasing power.
6) In distress periods the villagers migrate to other places for earning their livelihood, also they
ask credit from the informal sources on high interest rates to meet their financial need.
BAKORI
BABALIYA
SERVICE
OFFERED
Willingn
ess %
Acceptance
price
Willingn
ess %
Acceptance
price
Willingn
ess %
Acceptance
price
RECHARGE
COUPON
P.C.O
WAREHOUSE
SUBMISSION
OF ELECTRIC
BILL
IRRIGATION
44
Rs 11
82
Rs 11.07
73
Rs 10.93
44
65
26
Rs 2
Rs 20.5
Bill charge +
Rs 5
46
71
63
Rs 1
39
Rs 18
39
Bill charge + Rs 44
5
Rs 1.5
Rs 14
Bill charge +
Rs 5
73
Rs 47/hour
56
Rs 38/hour
Rs 23/hour
36
Page 67
EQUIPMENT
ON RENT
COMPUTER
WORK
HEALTH
INSURANCE
AGRICULTUR
AL
CONSULTANT
CYCLE
REPAIRING
PARA
VETERNAIRY
DOCTOR
EMERGENCY
LIGHT
BANK
LINKAGE
TAILORING
53
Rs 41/6p
60
Rs 29/6p
86
Rs 44/6p
97
98
37
Rs 350800(APL),150200(BPL)
Rs 44
100
96
Rs 350800(APL),150200(BPL)
Rs 109/year
83
Rs 350800(APL),150
-200(BPL)
Rs 89
69
Market Rate
68
Market Rate
71
Market Rate
70
Rs 29
55
Rs 23
66
Rs 31
15
Not Decided
20
Not Decided
Not Decided
Depends on
service
Market Rate
26
Depends on
service
Market Rate
Depends on
service
Market Rate
78
81
86
5 Suggestions:
We suggest the following services for feasibility check:
1. Product like Recharge Coupon can be added to the existing VLSCs.
2. Electricity bill can be collected through VLSC or CLSC.
3. Health Insurance Service has more than 98% demand therefore this service can be availed.
4. There is a need for computer related work like photography which can be provided at
CLSCs.
5. Agriculture consultant is required in most of the villages due to lack of adequate facilities.
6. Cycle repairing is also required as cycle is the most widely used means of transportation and
there is no such facility available in most of the villages.
Page 68
ANNEXURE:
Figure 13: %age demand for products and services (Cluster wise)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
NIWAS
BAKORI
BABALIYA
Age:
Sex: .
Educational qualification:
Village: .
Cluster name: ..
1. If you get recharge coupons of Rs. 10 &. 20 in your village at Rs. 11 & 22.
Are you willing to pay that much amount for this service? If not then how much amount you able
to pay for this service
(A) Maximum amount.
2.
If we offered PCO service in your village and the call rates will be Rs. 1.5-2.0/minute.
Page 69
Are you willing to pay that much amount for this service? If not then how much amount you
able to pay for this service
(A) Maximum amount.
(B)Minimum amount
3. If your village served by the services of warehouse, in which you can store your produce and
collections. For this, one receipt will be issued to you in respect to the cost and quantity of
your produce and collection. This receipt helps you to get loan easily from banks and other
financial institutions at low interest rates to fulfill your financial need. To use the services of
warehouse you have to pay Rs. 20/quintal per month for your produce and collection. The
conditions are:
1. You have to bear the carrying cost.
2. You have to bear the measurement cost
Are you willing to store your produce items in warehouse the charge will be Rs 20/quintal? If
not then how much amount you able to pay for this service
(A) Maximum amount.
4. If we offered the service for Submission of your electricity bill by the agent. The agent
will be from your village and he/she will charge Rs. 5 per electricity bill.
Are you willing to pay Rs 5 for this service? If not then how much amount you able to pay
for this service
(A) Maximum amount
5. Would you like to use diesel/electric irrigation pumps at Rs. 50/ hour on rent basis? The
conditions are:
1. You have to bear the carrying cost of the pumps from the center to your farms.
2. You have to bear the cost of diesel and electricity
Are you willing to pay Rs 50/Hour for this service? If not then how much amount you able to
pay for this service
(A) Maximum amount.
6. If you get the photo printing and other computer related services(various types of online
registration forms) at CLSCs of Babaliya, Bakori and Niwas, and:
1. You have to pay Rs. 50/6 photographs
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar
Page 70
8. If some person of your village will act as a Kinas Mitra, who provides you different
services related to your agric-farms such as agric-expert advices, information about
different diseases and how to cure them, use of pesticides, soil testing, effective use of
fertilizers, new techniques of irrigation etc. To avail this service you have to pay Rs
100/year.
Are you willing to pay Rs 100/Year for this service? If not then how much amount you able
to pay for this service
(A) Maximum amount
9. If VLSC shop of your village (if available) or any person of your village will offer you
the services of cycle mechanic at the market rate. Will you use this service or not?
Will you use this service at market rate: (A) Yes
(B) No
10. If some person of your village act as a Pasha Mitra, who provides different services to
your animals such as seasonal checkup of your animals, will cure your animals, provide
medicines and injections etc. To avail this service you have to pay Rs 50/animal plus
medicine cost.
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar
Page 71
Are you willing to pay Rs 50/animal for this service? If not then how much amount you able
to pay for this service
(A) Maximum amount
11. If the CLSCs will provide you Emergency light on rental basis in your village, will you
able to use this service?
(A) Yes
(B) No
12. Would you like to have a person in the village who act as an agent between banks and the
village and for this service you have to pay some amount depends on the service.
Are you willing to pay for this service?
A) Yes
(B) No
13. Would you like to have a tailor in the village who will stitch your cloths at the same rates
of the nearby market?
Will you stitch your cloth at the market rate?
A) Yes
(B) No
Page 72
RURAL ACTION
COMPONENT
Grassroots Management Training for
Women Entrepreneur Groups
Page 73
1 Introduction
GMT is one of the core activities of Udyogini. This program focuses on women; they help
marginalized women to become entrepreneur not just skilled producers. The topics covered
under GMT are motivation for entrepreneurship, business idea generation and marketing, risk
analysis, market survey, value-chain analysis, business plan creation and linkages building. This
training is given to build the capacity of women by training them in fields like: assessing the
feasibility of an enterprise planning and schedule production, understanding and assessing the
market, production / quality management. To simplify these concepts for women, the training
program includes tools like case studies and simulation exercise, role-play and group works.
2 Objectives:
To motivate and sensitize women to develop and inculcate entrepreneurship within them
To help them develop life skills which will help them run their business
3 Methodology:
The methodology used for training depends upon the group under training. The training
methodology varies for groups depending upon whether they are literate or not. A number of
training tools are used like playing games, giving lecture, pictorial cards, group discussions,
explanation on charts, oral representation, money, role play etc. The training module is designed
to encourage active participation of the group members.
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4 Activity Profile:
Whole training is divided into 7 Modules:
Table 4: Activity Module
Session
1
Topic
Warming up
Module 1
Module 2
Module 3
Unity
Module 4
Module 5
Module 6
Livelihood Analysis
Module 7
5 RAC Place:
Table 5: Groups under Training
Group Name
No. of
Members
15
10
Date of
Group
Formation
Nov. 2010
2005
10
10
Oct. 2010
2006
15
Nov.2010
10
2006
Address
Monthly
Saving
Jevra, Block-Niwas
Barbati, Block-Niwas
Rs 50
Rs 10
Pipariya Block-Niwas
Dadargaon, BlockNiwas
Samaiya, Block-Niwas
Rs 50
Rs 50
Devdongari, BlockNiwas
Rs 30
Rs 50
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6 The Process:
Table 6: Training Process
Module for WEG Training
Objective
Topic
Warming up
Module 1
Pedagogy
Role of women in
family/society
Multirole played by
women
To motivate WEG that
will help them to
Definition &
double their income
objective of WEG through savings &
enterprise development
Discussion
Lecture Mode
Module 2
Group vision
,Mission & Goal
Module 3
Unity
Advantages
Module 4
Collective
decision making
Importance of group
decision
Module 5
Common fund
management
Appropriate utilization
of money
Module 6
Livelihood
Analysis
Discussion
Module 7
Business Idea
Generation
They were able to understand their needs such as further enterprise related training and
market linkages. (Sources feedback form)
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Transference of gender sensitivity which would help the rural entrepreneurs to operate
their enterprise
9 Lessons Learnt:
Though we were giving GMT to the Women Entrepreneur Group but it was also training
for us. This training gave us opportunity to interact with very poor but brave women of
the villages.
We learnt about the factors influencing the rural women to start and operate their
enterprises.
During the GMT we also learnt the importance of life skills & functional literacy which
will help them to operate & manage their enterprise.
We also learnt that social rural marketing can bring an economic empowerment with the
help of WEG formation as this inculcates saving habits among the rural women.
It helped us to understand that giving right information can help people to make right
decision.
Its very important to strengthen the purchasing power of the rural community.
Education is very important for Operation of business so that these women can do
accounting independently.
To be able to tackle the group pressure which remains an important aspect as it affects the
decision making of an entrepreneur.
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Social customs plays an important role for an entrepreneur as it affects their mobility
which is crucial for an entrepreneur.
Due to many faulty interventions of other NGOs working in the district its a challenge to
earn & sustain communities trust.
A mere distribution of money has degraded the communities value and generated a
feeling of dependency.
Quality of work has hampered due to lack of speedy implementation and proper coordination with other Governmental /Non government agencies.
Life skill and functional literacy programs can be implemented for Women.
Efforts should be made to make community self dependent, which can happen by
enterprise development.
As a grassroots worker we have learned that, without participation of local people we cannot
make any event successful because we cant judge which is the most important thing needed by
them. During the GMT we found that everyone has some skill, some members have good
knowledge of enterprise and they know how they can generate income only they dont have
proper guidance and market linkage. Due to the intervention of Udyogini, which is working as a
change agent many of the WEG have become self sufficient and are doing small enterprise like
vegetable production, mahua procurement, providing credit facility ,and brick making and so on.
Thus we can say that any program can be implemented only by being sensitive to the need of
local people.
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Case Study
Face Sheet:
Name: Gomati Bai Dhumkati
Age: 46
Village: Keriba
P.O.: Chhapra
Block: Niwas
Religion: Hindu
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Background:
Gomati Bai Dhumketi is a 46 year old woman; she resides in the village Keriba of Niwas block
in Mandla district. She was married to Bal Chand Dhumketi at the age of 16. She is having a
family of four consisting of a son studying in 12th, a daughter studying in 10th, her husband is an
unskilled labor and works on a daily wage basis. As her husband is an unskilled labor he could
not earn enough money to meet daily requirements, the financial sources are not secure and
living condition is not good. She has a small piece of agriculture land on which she cultivates
kodo, kutki, wheat, rai etc. The income from the agricultural activities is not enough to manage
her household expenses and education related expenses of the children as the land is infertile and
there is an acute shortage of water for irrigation.
Before opening up the VLSC, she was completely dependent upon agriculture and non-agri labor
as the source of livelihood. Being physically weak she was not able to do hard labor work, also
as compared to the work done as laborer she used to get much less wage. Thus overall situation
of her family is miserable and survival is not ensured.
Training:
Fed up of her living condition and humiliations that her family faced in the society she was
looking for some activity which could help her in getting some financial support to the family.
At that time Udyogini was expanding its work from Bakori cluster to Babliya cluster and there
only Gomati Bai came into contact with the field staff and other workers of Udyogini. She joined
Udyoginis Women Entrepreneur Group in 2006 and started saving Rs 25 every month. After
having enough savings, one day she went to Udyoginis Babliya office and asked for the VLSC
franchise and she took training for 3 months.
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100-150 per day, but this earning varies from season to season. On an average the monthly
selling from the shop is approx RS 9000-10000 and her monthly earning from the shop is
approx. Rs 2000.This VLSC aggregates and procures agricultural and forest produce from the
village itself and then the volume is sold out to CLSCs. From CLSC retail products are bought
and VLSCs supplies to the villages.
Udyogini has helped in transforming her life; she has gained self confidence. Earlier she used to
shy and hesitate to talk but today she can talk to any officials. Now she can ask for the right price for
goods, she now knows about different weights used for weighing products. She was illiterate but
now she has learnt to manage the accounts of her shop with the help of her husband and
childrens. She has got better position and name in the society now she is invited for special
occasions and festivals in the village. She feels empowered and independent as she plays a major
role in decision making in her family. She understands the importance of education and therefore
wants her children to study, she even teaches other womens of the village about hygiene,
cleanliness and even motivates them to get similar training from Udyogini and become an
entrepreneur.
Future Plans:
As the income from the business allows her to save, she is planning to expand her business. She
has planned to improve the infrastructure of her shop so that she could store more products both
for selling and for procurement. She is also planning to invest for her childrens better
educational facilities.
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INTRODUCTION
National Service Scheme was launched in year 1969 with a motto Not Me, But You which
means the service for others without being selfish. It is a service through which the nations
Youth can develop the community welfare Programs. The NSS promotes the volunteers to come
ahead and put their effort and help to aware the community through campaigning, drama, role
play etc.
The NSS is directly relevant to the Rural Management student, because the student of RM are
supposed to work under Rural Areas and give the development program for the inclusive
development in Rural Areas. Thus NSS is also a part of development activity and therefore is
very meaningful for the Rural Management students.
This NSS activity helps to built direct linkages between Community and Campus, College and
Village, Knowledge and Action, Thinking and Implementation through the involvement of local
community
2 Objective of NSS:
To aware the villagers specially women about the Pulse Polio Drop and its importance for
their nascent child.
To inform the women about the other useful vaccination i.e., ECG, BCG etc
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3 Activity Profile:
1. Participation in Pulse Polio Day
2. Poem and Dancing Competition among Childrens up to 5 years
3. Participation in Republic Day Celebration
4. Teaching in Primary School
5. Essay and Drawing Competition
6. Rally on womens day
Approach:
Having the aim to do something for the society, we were searching and planning for the
opportunities since the day-1, and then we came to know that the government is once again
organizing the mega campaign for Pulse Polio. We decided to participate in this program and
started planning. We went Primary Health Centre to meet the Medical officer Dr. P.L. Kori and
introduced ourselves and our purpose of visiting. Coincidently a meeting was organized on that
day for the distribution of field area for Polio vaccine; we also participated in the meeting and
addressed our purpose to all the nurses, asha and the doctor. During the meeting Doctor
introduced us to a nurse named Ms. S. Choudhary (ANM) and Ms. Saroj Warkare (Asha worker)
with whom we had to organize Polio Raviwar. We are very thankful to the doctor because he
gave us this opportunity. On 23rd morning we went to the health centre and from there we along
with the nurse headed towards village Devrikala, booth No.-66. We had to put our Polio camp in
the Primary School, after reaching there we posted Polio Raviwar banners on the wall and on the
outside of the school, our work started by 9 oclock in the morning. Along with giving polio
School of Rural Management, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar
Page 84
drops we were also giving them information on why Polio vaccine is required. We also asked
them whether they have given other vaccines or not, we informed them about the benefits of
vaccine and also encouraged them to give vaccines to their children. Some very interesting
things happened during the program, we came across few childrens who were very enthusiastic
for taking Polio drop, not only this they encouraged many other children to take Polio drop.
Though we taught people about disease and vaccine, this day was very informing for us also. We
interacted with people of almost all caste and class and learnt their culture and behavior very
closely.
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competition was Nature. The evaluation for both the competition was done and the winners
were given prize. First and second prize was instrument box whereas third prize was pen.
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