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  • Protective Device Relays Guide

    Transféré par

    Abhishek Sadda
    15 vues5 pages
    There are two main types of overcurrent relays: instantaneous and time overcurrent. Instantaneous relays operate very quickly for high fault currents close to the source, while time overcurrent relays have an adjustable time delay that depends on the current level. Protection of radial systems uses time overcurrent relays with coordinated time settings so that relays closest to a fault operate first and relays further away have a time delay to allow clearing before operating. Ground current relays can also be used to detect ground faults by monitoring current in the neutral or ground line.

    Description originale:

    Overcurrent relay curves and types

    Titre original

    Relay Curve Protection

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    There are two main types of overcurrent relays: instantaneous and time overcurrent. Instantaneous relays operate very quickly for high fault currents close to the source, while time overcurrent relays have an adjustable time delay that depends on the current level. Protection of radial systems uses time overcurrent relays with coordinated time settings so that relays closest to a fault operate first and relays further away have a time delay to allow clearing before operating. Ground current relays can also be used to detect ground faults by monitoring current in the neutral or ground line.

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    15 vues5 pages

    Protective Device Relays Guide

    Transféré par

    Abhishek Sadda
    There are two main types of overcurrent relays: instantaneous and time overcurrent. Instantaneous relays operate very quickly for high fault currents close to the source, while time overcurrent relays have an adjustable time delay that depends on the current level. Protection of radial systems uses time overcurrent relays with coordinated time settings so that relays closest to a fault operate first and relays further away have a time delay to allow clearing before operating. Ground current relays can also be used to detect ground faults by monitoring current in the neutral or ground line.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 5

    ProtectiveRelays

    ELEE606 ProtectiveDevices ProtectiveRelays HydroCircuitProtection


    DirectionalOCRelaysVoltageRelaysDifferentialRelaysImpedanceRelaysPilotProtection

    OvercurrentRelays
    NEMAnumbers5150
    Overcurrentrelaysareusedforprotectionoflines,transformer,generators,andmotors.
    PrincipleofOvercurrentProtection

    Therearetwotypesofovercurrentrelays
    instantaneousNEMA#50
    timeovercurrentNEMA#51

    InstantaneousRelaysoperatewithoutintentionaltimedelay.Theyareusedforfaultsclosetothesourcewhenthefaultcurrentisveryhigh.Theoperatingtimeis
    approximately10ms.Theconstructionoftheinstantaneousrelaysisusuallymovingarmature,plunger,orinductiondisk.

    Animportantcharacteristicofaninstantaneousrelayisadropoutratio.

    Dropoutratioisusuallylessthan1.

    TimeOvercurrentRelaysoperatewithatimedelay.Thetimedelayisadjustable.Foragivensetting,theactualtimedelaydependsonthecurrentthroughtherelaycoil.
    Ingeneral,highercurrentwillcauseafasteroperationoftherelay.Theminimumcurrentatwhichtherelayoperates(pickupcurrent)isalsoadjustable.

    TypicalCharacteristicsofanOvercurrentRelay
    Timeovercurrentrelayscomeinfivedifferentversionsthataredefinedbythesteepnessofthetimeovercurrentcharacteristic:
    definitetime

    Dropoutratioisusuallylessthan1.

    TimeOvercurrentRelaysoperatewithatimedelay.Thetimedelayisadjustable.Foragivensetting,theactualtimedelaydependsonthecurrentthroughtherelaycoil.
    Ingeneral,highercurrentwillcauseafasteroperationoftherelay.Theminimumcurrentatwhichtherelayoperates(pickupcurrent)isalsoadjustable.

    TypicalCharacteristicsofanOvercurrentRelay
    Timeovercurrentrelayscomeinfivedifferentversionsthataredefinedbythesteepnessofthetimeovercurrentcharacteristic:
    definitetime
    moderatelyinverse
    inverse
    veryinverse
    extremelyinverse

    Themostcommonlyusedovercurrentrelayincorporatesboth,theinstantaneousunitandthetimeovercurrentunit.Theinstantaneousresponseisprovidedbyamoving
    armatureunit.Itspurposeistooperateonverylargecurrents.Theinversetimeresponseisprovidedbyaninductiondiskunitandissettooperateforlowerfaultcurrents.

    Theinductiondiskunitoperatesonthesameprincipleasinductionmotor.Themetaldiskismountedonashaftthatcanfreelyrotate.Thecurrentcoilsarefixed.They
    createmagneticfieldthatinduceseddycurrentsinthemetaldisk.Themagneticfieldoftheeddycurrentsinteractswiththemagneticfieldofthestationarycoilsand
    producetorqueonthedisk.Thediskanditsshaftrotateandbringthemovingcontacttowardsthefixedcontactintoaclosedposition.Themotionoftheshaftisopposed
    byaspringthatreturnsthediskandthemovingcontactintotheopenpositionwhenthecurrentdropsbelowapresetvalue.Thetimetoclosethecontactdependsonthe
    contacttraveldistancewhichissetbyatimedial.Thepickupcurrentisadjustablebyselectingcurrenttapsonthecurrentcoil.Therelaysarenormallyavailablewith
    threerangesofcurrenttaps:0.5to2.0A,1.5to6.0A,and4to16A.Thetimedialhasusuallypositionsmarkedfrom0to10,wherefor0settingthecontactis
    permanentlyclosed.
    ConnectionofOvercurrentRelaystothePowerSystem

    contacttraveldistancewhichissetbyatimedial.Thepickupcurrentisadjustablebyselectingcurrenttapsonthecurrentcoil.Therelaysarenormallyavailablewith
    threerangesofcurrenttaps:0.5to2.0A,1.5to6.0A,and4to16A.Thetimedialhasusuallypositionsmarkedfrom0to10,wherefor0settingthecontactis
    permanentlyclosed.
    ConnectionofOvercurrentRelaystothePowerSystem

    ProtectionofRadialSystemsbyOvercurrentRelays
    Consideracaseofaradiallinesupplyingthreestationsasshown:

    Theprotectionmustsatisfytheserequirements:
    a)undernormalconditionsthebreakersarenottripped
    b)underfaultconditionsonlythebreakersclosesttothefaultonthesourcesideare
    tripped
    c)iftheclosestbreakerfailstooperate,thenextbreakerclosertothesourceshouldtrip.
    Forexample:forafaultatF3,breakerB2shouldtrip,andB1andB0shouldremainclosedsothatpowercanbestilldeliveredtoloadsonbuses0,1,and2.Onlyif
    breakerB2failstotrip,B1shouldtripafteratimedelay.B0shouldstillremainclosed.
    Inaradialsystem,thefaultcurrentdecreasesasthedistancefromthesourceincreases.Thusthefaultcurrentwillbethehighestforafaultclosetobus0,andthelowest
    forafaultpastbus2.
    LetsassumeafaultatF3.TherelaysatbreakerB2mustoperateforthisfault.TherelaysatB1willalsodetectthefault,buttheremustbeadelayintheiroperationto
    allowthebreakerB2tripfirst.

    LetsassumeafaultatF3.TherelaysatbreakerB2mustoperateforthisfault.TherelaysatB1willalsodetectthefault,buttheremustbeadelayintheiroperationto
    allowthebreakerB2tripfirst.

    T2=pickuptimeofrelaysatB2forafaultatF2
    T2=pickuptimeofrelaysatB1forafaultatF2
    T3=pickuptimeofrelaysatB2forafaultatF3
    T3=pickuptimeofrelaysatB1forafaultatF3
    (T3T3)and(T2T2)mustbelargeenoughtoallowtherelaysatB2operateandthebreakerB2tripandclearthefaultbeforerelaysatB1canoperate.Itmustalso
    allowforovertraveloftherelaysatB1.

    GroundCurrentRelays
    Duringbalancedconditions,currentthroughtheneutralis0.Ifthereisanunbalancedfault(onephaseortwophasetogroundfault)thecurrentthroughneutralisnolonger
    zero.Presenceofcurrentintheneutralindicatesthatthereisafaultpresent.Groundcurrentrelayscanbesettoquitelowvaluestodetectthiscurrentandoperate.
    Example:
    Undernormalconditions,thethreephasecurrentsarebalancedandthecurrentintheneutral(orground,iftheneutralisgrounded)addstozero:

    IfthereisafaultonphaseA,thecurrentinphaseAwillincrease,whiletheothertwophasecurrentswillremainthesame.Thecurrentintheneutralnownolongeraddsto
    zero:

    Exampleofatypicaltimeovercurrentcharacteristicofatimeovercurrentrelay:

    Exampleofatypicaltimeovercurrentcharacteristicofatimeovercurrentrelay:

    ProtectiveRelays HydroCircuitProtection
    DirectionalOCRelaysVoltageRelaysDifferentialRelaysImpedanceRelaysPilotProtection

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