Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Igor Medved
Department of Materials Engineering and Chemistry, Czech Technical University, Prague
MAEN 123 p. 1
The Boltzmann-Matano
method
About the method
The basic idea
The parabolic law
Example
Application of Matano
Formula for D
Model of a profile
A solution to diffusion
equation
A solution to diffusion
equation
Example of experimental
data
MAEN 123 p. 2
The Boltzmann-Matano
method
The method is used to calculate the diffusion coefficient D (or thermal diffusivity a) as
a function of concentration C (temperature T ) in a 1D transport of mass (heat)
It converts the diffusion equation (heat equation)
C
h
C i
=
D(C)
t
x
x
Example
Application of Matano
or
T
h
T i
=
a(T )
t
x
x
Formula for D
Model of a profile
A solution to diffusion
equation
A solution to diffusion
equation
Example of experimental
data
Austrian physicist (1844 1906) known especially for developing the theory of statistical mechanics
MAEN 123 p. 3
The Boltzmann-Matano
method
Example
C
h
C i
=
D(C)
,
t
x
x
Application of Matano
Formula for D
Model of a profile
A solution to diffusion
equation
2 t
d
x
d
d
=
=
=
t
t d
2t d
4( t)3 d
A solution to diffusion
equation
Example of experimental
data
d
1
d
=
=
,
x
x d
2 t d
the diffusion equation becomes
dC
1
d h
1 dC i
=
D(C)
,
2t d
2 t d
2 t d
i.e.,
dC
d h
dC i
2
=
D(C)
d
d
d
This is an ordinary differential equation, unlike the diffusion equation (which is a partial differential equation):
this time C = C() is a function of
MAEN 123 p. 4
The Boltzmann-Matano
method
2 t
d h
dC i
dC
2
=
D(C)
,
d
d
d
Example
Application of Matano
Formula for D
Model of a profile
A solution to diffusion
equation
A solution to diffusion
equation
Example of experimental
data
t x2 ,
which is usually called the parabolic law (recall that a parabola is a graph of a quadratic function)
MAEN 123 p. 5
Example
The Boltzmann-Matano
method
About the method
The basic idea
Example of the profiles for the moisture content Wm (plays the role of the concentration C ) in a porous
concrete
Taken from M.I. Nizovtsev et al., International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51 (2008) 41614167
MAEN 123 p. 6
Application of Matano
The Boltzmann-Matano
method
About the method
The basic idea
The parabolic law
Example
Application of Matano
Formula for D
Model of a profile
A solution to diffusion
equation
A solution to diffusion
equation
Example of experimental
data
MAEN 123 p. 7
Formula for D
The Boltzmann-Matano
method
To obtain a formula for the diffusion coefficient D , let us integrate the equation
dC
d h
dC i
2
=
D()
d
d
d
Application of Matano
Formula for D
Model of a profile
A solution to diffusion
equation
A solution to diffusion
equation
to = (where C = CR )
h
n d(C C ) o
d(C CR ) i
dC
R
d = D()
= D( )
=
d
d
d
Therefore,
D( ) =
Example of experimental
data
dC
d d
d(CCR )
d
=
2
If we know the concentration profile C() from experiment, then we can calculate the integral in the nominator
and the derivative in the denominator, and the formula yields the value of the diffusion coefficient D at =
we get the dependence of D on
Subsequently, if we express via C (by inverting the profile C()), then from D() we get the desired
dependence of D on the concentration C
These calculations are usually performed numerically
MAEN 123 p. 8
Model of a profile
The Boltzmann-Matano
method
C(x, t) =
x
CL + CR
CR CL
+
erf a ,
2
2
2 t
i.e.,
CR CL
CL + CR
+
erf(a)
2
2
C() =
2
erf y =
u2
du
MAEN 123 p. 9
The Boltzmann-Matano
method
It turns out that the erf approximation is actually a solution to the diffusion equation with a constant diffusion
coefficient D , i.e., to the equation
dC
d h dC i
d2 C
2
=
D
=D
d
d
d
d 2
(III.1)
Example
Application of Matano
d 2
d erf y
=
dy
dy
Formula for D
Model of a profile
A solution to diffusion
equation
u2
du
2 y2
= e
,
A solution to diffusion
equation
C() =
Example of experimental
data
CL + CR
CR CL
+
erf(a)
2
2
we have
d2 C
CR CL
2
2
(a)2
=
a
(a
)
e
d 2
2
2
dC
CR CL
2
=
a e(a) ,
d
2
LHS = 2
CR CL
2 (a)2
a e
2
RHS = D
provided Da
2
CR CL
2
a (a2 ) e(a) ,
2
=1
MAEN 123 p. 10
The Boltzmann-Matano
method
= 1, i.e., a = 1/ D, then
x
CR CL
CL + CR
+
erf a ,
C(x, t) =
2
2
2 t
i.e.,
Example
C(x, t) =
Application of Matano
Formula for D
Model of a profile
A solution to diffusion
equation
A solution to diffusion
equation
x
CL + CR
CR CL
+
erf
2
2
2 Dt
There are also other known solutions to the diffusion equation, depending on the initial and boundary conditions
Example of experimental
data
MAEN 123 p. 11
The Boltzmann-Matano
method
About the method
The basic idea
For the above-discussed example of the profiles for the moisture content Wm (that plays the role of the
concentration C ) taken from M.I. Nizovtsev et al., International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51 (2008)
41614167, the resulting dependence of the moisture diffusion coefficient Dm on the moisture content Wm
is:
MAEN 123 p. 12