EDYCIA POLSKA10 2 3 Contents Module 1 Present simple, adverbs of frequency, question ‘words, pronouns and possessive adjectives Cras present simple, praystéwk czgstotiwosei, zaimki i wyratenia rozpocrynaiace pytania, zaimki ‘osobowe, zaimk! i praymiotniki drieriaweze 5 Present continuous, present simple vs present continuous (Czas present continuous, czas present simple i present continvous.. - 15 Relative causes Revision (Units 1-3) ... eat Module 2 Past simple (cegular & iregular verbs) aspen (casownregaae i nieregularn) nn Time words ‘Wyratenia okreslaigce 28 wou. Exploring Grammar (Units 45) . 28 Revision (Units 1-5) aoe Module 3 Present perfect CCaas present perfect. Present perfec continuous, presen perfect vs present perfect continuous Caas present perfect continuous, cz0s present perfect present perfect continuous... Present perfect vs past simple CCaas present perfect i past simple 30 Exploring Grammar (Units 6-8) 2 Revision (Units 4-8) sssnnene egy Module 4 Past contimsous vs past simple Czas past continuous i past simple. “4 Past perfect vs past perfect continuous ‘Cras past perfect past perfect continuous a Exploring Grammar (Units 9-10) ae Revision (Units 1-10) 50 Module Future simple: be going to, wll presen continuous CCaas ture simple; be going to, wil, czas present ‘continous a Conditionals — types I, 2 & 3 Zedania warunkowe typ 1, 2.13. one 7 Wishes Koonstrukeje I wishlifonly 3 Exploring Grammar (Units 11-13) . Revision (Units 713) nnn Module 6 14 Modal verbs CCzasowniki modalne .. “ 15 Reported speech Mowa zat an 68 Exploring Grammar (Unie 14-15) n Revision (Units 115) won B Module 7 16 Comparatives — Superlatives Stopien wyésty i najwyiszy praymiotnika nn 7A 17 Too— Enough Too— Enough 78 18 Question tags Question tags 80 19 _ Reflexive pronouns Zaimki zwrome a Exploring Grammar (Unie a Revision (Units 1-19) 85 Module 8 20 The indefinite artide /an and the definite article the Praedimek nieokreslony a/an inieokresiony the : 8% 21 The passive (present simple, past simple, present perfect & future simple) Szrona bierna (czas present simple, past simple, present perfect future simple) 89 22 The causative Konstrukeja have something done .. 2 Exploring Grammar (Units 20-22) 4 Revision (Units 1-22) wnnnnn 5 Module 9 23 Nouns (singular/plural) Liczba pojedyncza i rmoga rzeczownika %6 24 Countable/Uncountable nouns, Some — Any — No, ‘Alot of —Much/Many — A Few/Few —A Lite Little Rzeczownikipolczalneiriepoiczalne, kresleia Seem ol — rey — for —(o)itte .. Exploring Grarrar (Units 23°24). Revision (Units 1-24)... da can otis Module 10 25 The infinitive and ng form Bezokolicznik i czasownik 2 koncéwhg “ing 26 Prepositions of movement Prayimki kierunku .. 27 Some/Any/NofEvery + body (oneVthing/where Zloseniazsome, any, nO, 82 on 109 1 112 Exploring Grammar (Units 25-27) Revision (Units 1-27)... Inreguar VerbsRRR LR Se erarcamsenramrorsscnmemramrarniennsscinasaseSaSSCOER I run, He/She/It runs, We/You/They run | don’t run, He/She/It doesn’t run, We/You/They don’t run Do | runt, Does he/she/it run?, Do we/you/they run? | Yes, I do., Yes, he/she/it does., Yes, we/you/they do. No, I don’t., No, he/she/it doesn’t., No, we/you/they don’t. | Pisownia w 3. osobie liczby pojedyncze| © Wieksz0s¢ czasownikéw prayjmuje koricowke =s. I eut — he cuts © Czasowniki zakoticzone na ~s5, ~sh, ch, “x lub -0 prayjmug konicéwke ~es. 1 kiss — he kisses, | fish — he fishes, { match — fhe matches, | mix — he mixes, | go — he goes © W = praypadku. czasownikéw zakoviczonych na spélgloske + y opuszczamy -yi dodajemy -ies, I try — he tries | © Do czasownikéw zakoriczonych na samogloske + y | dodajemy tylko -5 Pv sie | | | | ‘Wymowa koricowki -s/*es w 3. osobie liczby pojedyneze}: ‘© [21 dla crasownikéw zako“iczonych samogioska lub spélgtoska dewigcang. lives Is dla czasowmikéw zakofczonych spélgloska bexdéwigczna. sits © fiel dla czasownikéw zakoficzonych na /s/, 1, i, Ids) lub i2/. catches Zastosowanle (Czasu present simple uzywamy, opisujac: © czynnosi codzienne. Jobin jogs in the park every morning. © czynnosci zwyczajowe. ‘Adam usually goes shopping on Saturdays. © stany erwale. Mary lives in London. She works at a bank. ‘Okreslenia czasu typowe da present simple: avays, usualy, on Mondays/ Tuesdays, nthe morning/ knows, 10 try Bae ssPresent simple This is the bedroom of twin sisters, Georgia and Katie. Ask and answer questions about the twins’ habits and hobbies, as in the example. > Does Georgia like dancing? > Yes, she does. the twins watch TV in bed? ....... Katie play football? ...secssneseennne the twins have a tidy room? ..... Katie like reading books? «ss... ssssas Katie like taking photographs? ... Georgia like eating fruit? ....... the twins go to School? ......++++s Georgia play the piano? .. Complete the exchanges with the present simple of the verbs in brackets. ‘A: Do you want (yourwant) to go to the theatre? B: I'm sorry, but |. : (notitike) the theatre. | think it's boring. ‘A: Your father .... (rov/know) about his surprise birthday party tonight, right? B: No, he (think) wwe are taking him to restaurant A: Sarah -» (catch) the bus to go to school every day. : Why? sseaseesseneersesee (She/live) far from her school? : Peter. We usually. (chat) with Kathy on the phone every day! Yes, They sss (not/live) near each other, so it’s the only way to stay in touch, Where .. (yourhang out) with your friends? (go) to the park. {always/beat) me at tennis. Nes; | sie tense eee ROW), He cate (play) tennis well.5 a) Put the verbs in brackets into the present 7 Use the phrases to ask and answer questions ‘simple, What does Emma do? about Ted, as in the example. OS 1. What time/Ted/get up? (7:30) > What time does Ted. ? Emma 1) > lives (live) in London. She 2) . iaidesocie 750 aa (love) the hustle and bustle ofthe city centre and the 2 he/have/breakfast/every morning? (yes) ‘exciting nightlife. Emma 3) eae 3. What time/he catch the train to work? (8:15) of London's most famous hotels near Oxford Street. 4 he/ever/stay/late/at work? (yes) She 4) (Start) work at 9:30 am every 5 he/work/on Saturdays? (no) day. Each moming, she 5) (cateh) the 6 What/he/do/in his free time? (hang out ‘8:20 am train from her house to the city centre, Emma with friends) (help) guests check in and she n pi enreret) a) USO Mey Put the verbs in brackets into the present She really 8) -- (love) her job because simple. she 9). (meet) new people every day. Emma 10) . (finish) work at 6 pm. In the evenings, she 11). » (meet) her friends and they 12)... (G0) to the cinema or the theatre. ) In pairs ask and answer, as in the example. » A: Where does Emma live? B: She lives in London. Does she like London? etc Read the factfile about Nathan. Write questions and answers, as in the example. Tom 1) is (be) at a soccer training camp in Brazil. This camp 2) wneneune (give) him the ‘chance to play with some of the top Brazilian youth players, He and his team players 3) (have) two group training sessions — one in the ‘moming and one in the afternoon. They also 4 on (get) instructions from some of Brazil's best coaches! In the evening, they Dee (watch) TV ot they 6) 4 (play) board games. At the weekend, they eee (play) games with football teams from around the country. Tom 8) (earn) a lot of things at this training camp. He 4) (love) playing football and he ‘A; Does Nathan live in Edinburgh? io) (enjoy) being there so much that he B: No, he doesn't. He lives in London. it. . (not/want) to leave! he/be/30 years old? he/work/The Daily News? he/play tennis/in free time? he/like/wearing suits? ily News eter surfs the Net, meets fiends, plays golf SS ears and sins 1 Nathan/live/Edinburgh? ’ wenZastosowanle Praystowkow czgstotliosci zazwyczaj udywamy w zdaniach w czasie present simple, okreslaigc, jak czgsto cos sig zdarza, na prayklad w odpowiedzi na pytanie How often... ? "How often does Salty walk to school?” "Always. She always walks to school.” Pronk opowosd vty ‘© praed czasowmikiem glownym. Alex and Sue often Ken never goes to the cinema on his own. study in the library. * poczasowniku tobe. Her children are always so polite and well-behaved! © po.czasownikach positkowych i modalnych, takich jak can, do, mus tp. comet 20 Or Smith doesn’t usually see patfents on Sundays. rarely/seldom 10% You can always ask me for help. never 0% UWAGA: Praysléwki rarely, seldom oraz never maja zraczenie negatywne {nie wystepula z wyrazem not. Tania rarely stays up after midnight. Peter is a vegetarian, he never eats meat. | axenic tsneoNUeERNRSNREN! Make sentences, as in the example. Use the 7 Welvisit/our cousins (#) adverbs of frequency from the key. pecrap 8 Phillip/doesn’t send/emails/his friends (# sometimes rarelyiseldom ater 2 Put the adverb of frequency in the correct place in the sentence. 1 Alice/get good grades/school (* ¢¢ ¢) 1. He takes us out to dinner. (often) > Alice always gets good grades at school. > He often takes us out to dinner, 2 Mes Peters/can/find/ place, to park her cary 2. Does Sam ride his bike to school? (usually) outside her house (0) 3 We don’t enjoy the peace and quiet of the ze countryside. (always) 3. Jenny/play basketball/Sundays (* # #) 4. My parents work at the weekend. (never) 5 | meet my friends at an Internet café. 4 Alex/is/late/school ( #) (sometimes) es ; 6 Jim goes to the theatre. (seldom) 5 They/go/shopping/Saturdays (© ¢ # #) 7 Our teacher doesn’t give us homework. (always) 8 He is late for work. (sometimes) ‘am in the morning? (# ©3 Tick (V) the appropriate gap in the sentences below to show the correct position of the adverb of frequency, as in the example. 1 Alan can ® ... /... score ..... a goal when we play football. (never) 2 Do they ..... GO ..... jogging in the morning? (always) 3 Chris ss... goes ss... to the supermarket on Saturday. (rarely) 4 Does Liana ..... finish work t 3 o'clock? (usually) 5 The postman ..... doesn't ..... come in the morning. (always) a snack at noon. (often) to sleep on our bed. (sometimes) 8 Aunt Mary ..... CaM «s+». understand how to use ‘a computer! (never) 4 Put the words into the correct order to form sentences. 1. practice/Jack/football/misses/never B Jack never misses football practice. 2. you/often/films/watch/Do? 3 to/does/father/ drive /My/ always/work/not 4. out/George/late/sometimes/stays 5 breakfast/She/coffee/has/at/seldom 6 my/forget/to/always/set//alarm clock 7 rarely/six/the/John/up/morning/at/gets/in 8 Sundays/not/wake/earty/on/They/up/usually/do 5 Write true sentences about yourself or your family, using adverbs of frequency. » J always have breakfast in the morning. t the weekend. in the evening. ‘on Sundays. in the summer. ween ‘Ask your partner about his/her habits. Use adverbs of frequency. Tell the class. How often do you ...? ‘© wash the dishes listen to music © cook dinner © watch TV © play sports '* goto the cinema © see your friends ® eat chocolate ‘© buy magazines © go shopping © use a computer # eat out > Mary sometimes washes the dishes. She rarely cooks dinner. Complete the second sentence so that it ‘means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. 1. The Smiths always get up late at the weekend. > The Smiths never get up early at the weekend. 2. What's your father’s job? What : 3. Brian doesn’t ever forget to feed his cat. Brian always his cat. 4. Rose and Jack don’t travel abroad very often, They rarely .. abroad. +. do? 8 Correct the mistakes. 1. Tina wast her hair every day. > Tina washes her hair every day. 2. Do you watch TV always in the evenings? 3. an don’t know anything about the party. 4 Betty doesn’t likes fish, 5 Does she work late? Yes, she do. 6 Do they lives in Madrid? 7 Tom doesn't sleep early usually. 8 Jim rarely is late for work.© wholwhose — pytanie o osobe/praynaleznose Who delivers the post to the office? The postman does. Whose car Is that? Jim's. ‘© what/which ~ pytanie o rzecz What are you looking at? Your funny hat, Which book is yours? The red one. ‘© where ~ pytanie o miejsce Do you know where he's taking us for dinner? Toa new restaurant by the sea. ‘© when/how long (ago)/how often/what time ~pytanie o czas When does the play start? At 8:00 pm, | think, How tong are you staying? One more hour. How often do you go surfing? Every weekend in the summer months. What time do your English lessons start? At 4:00 pm. © how much - pytanie 0 ilosé ‘How much sugar do you put in your coffee? Not much. © how many ~ pyeanie oliczbe How many people are at this party? About a hundred! Where fs Susan? She’s in the kitchen. What Is she doing? She's making a salad. How is Alex getting to Italy? By plane. ‘why ~ pytanie 0 prayezyne Why is Helen so sad? Because she misses her friends. Why do they study so hard? To pass their exams. how old ~ pyranie o wiek How old is your brother? Thirty-seven. how far - pytanie © odlegtosé How far is your house from the beach? About half a mile. i | | | | { | how ~ pytanie o sposéb | 10 1 ‘Choose the correct item. sesso dO We need to make a cake? A Where @® What sssee Stars in The Pirates of the Caribbean? A Who B When = Why 3 sess {8 your school from your house? ‘A Howmuch —B- How long C How far © How 4 sssses does Sue always carry an umbrella with her? A Which B Why © Who 5 ssseu fs that pen? A Whose B Who © why 6 ...... does Ken hang out with his friends? ‘A Whose B What = C Where do they eat out? ‘A How often — B_Howmany How long 8 sssees do the summer holidays begin? ‘A Whose B Who —C When 9 How....... times do I need to tell you? ‘A much B many —C long 10 ...... does Sylvia travel abroad? A How old B_Howooften © How manyWrite questions to which the words in bold are 6 the answers, = 7 8 Pierre is 1) 30 years old. He comes from 2) Paris, France, but he now lives in London 3) because he has a very good job mh there as 4) a computer programmer. His work is very close to his house, so 5) he walks to the 12 office every day. Pierre likes doing many things but his favourite hobby is 6) bungee jumping. 3 He is a member of the UK Bungee Club and 7) every second Saturday they go to Berkshire 14 ‘to practise their favourite sport. Pierre also jogs aS 8) for 30 minutes before he goes to work every morning. His favourite singer is 9) Britney Spears and his birthday is on 10) August 16th. 2... 1.» How old is Pierre? - 2 Where 3 4 2} 5 6 5 3 8 9 4 10 depapaes 5 3 Fill in where, how old, what, who, how long, why, how many, when, how, whase, how much, 6 how often, what time, how far or which, 1» Which bag is yours? The brown one. 7 2 is your dog's name? Rex. 3 does your dad wash his car? ‘ 4 phone number is this? It’s John Smith's, 5 cssssseeseevnees does Helen come back from work? At six, it to the station? About five minutes! walk. suse lemons do we need to make lemonade? Ten are enough. can | find information about lions? On the Internet. sssssusseessnsens 1S OUF NeW Geography teacher? Mrs Collins. is David? He's twenty-three. sssceesessssssesee CAN We get to the museum? Take the number 23 bus. does it take Christina to drive to ‘work? Almost half an hour. do you need a new TV? Because my old one doesn’t work. is your mother’s birthday? On 20th July. . milk do we need? ‘Two bottles. Complete the sentences with the correct ‘question word(s). A; > Where are my books? B: (On the table, -ssesees do you take your dog for a walk? ‘Twice a day. Bs does Stephen do in his free time? He reads books, ie .. is it from here to the stadium? : About two kilometres, is your grandmother? : She's eighty-two, do you make model aeroplanes? It’s easy. Follow the instructions on the box! fs your house from the bus stop? Nn foot. 10 minutes o” sssessessesseseeseesees Joes Pete live? : In Barcelona. NFill in the gaps with the correct ‘question word(s). Then choose the correct answer to each question. > Where is England? A Inwestern Europe B_Innorthemn Europe (© In north-western Europe 2 is the capital of England? A Edinburgh B London Liverpool is the Queen of England? ‘A Queen Elizabeth Il B Queen Sophia © Queen Mary many official languages are there in England? A One B Two Four fs the currency of England? A Euros B Pounds € Dollars 12 6 Fill in what (x2), who, how (x2), how old. A B: A B: A B: A B: A B: > Good morning, sir. 1) ® How can |help you? Good morning. I'm looking for a birthday present for my son, Certainly. 2) vssssesseecessvesesseee af YOU looking for? A pair of trainers. Can you suggest a brand? Of course. 3) is your son? Fifteen, Well, Nike and Adidas are very popular with teens. 4) srssee sport does your son play? Football. And 5) It’s Fabio Cannavaro. Well, Cannavaro wears Nike. Let's look at Nike. OK. 6).. . about these red Nike shoes? Yes. They look great. Ill take them. Speaking In pairs, ask and answer questions to complete the questionnaire about your partner. eT is his favourite football player? ‘We want to keep giving you the best service we can! Help us by taking a moment fo fl nour questionnaire. Gender: MJ F [“] ‘Age: 10-15 ["] 1620 [] 21-25] Over25 [1] OcoUpAHION: .seninnnnnonn Ibuy CDs: every week [_] every month [_] ‘oncertwice a year [_] like reading music magazines because: atashop (_] — I prefer to buy music: online [_] = | ike istening to: pop (] rock [J] jazz (1) LL ML) OL) A: How old are you? B: I'm... etcZaimki osobowe w funkcji podmiotu Zaimki osobowe zastepuia rzeczow- niki, WV funkgj podmiowu w zdaniach | ‘twierdzacych wystepuig przed fect czasowmikiem. et Where's Ben? He's outside. she they ; me This is Bill. He is five years old. David aes ‘and Laura are his parents. They are teachers. Bill is holding a ball. It's his Zalmki osobowe w funkdli dopeinienia ball. It is white tp eae aS Zaimki osobowe w funke|i dopelnienia wystepuig po czasowniku lub prayimku. note { know John and Kelly very well. | know them very well: his | Joho likes waking with Kelly. He walks with her in the park. her them ft | Przymiotniki | zaimki dzierzaweze Lp Lm Praymiotniki i zaimki drierzaweze wyraiajg praynaleinosé lub 7 + pokrewiefistwo. Praymiotniki dzierzawcze wystepuia przed Fraymioinik —Zaimek Praymiosik Zalmek reczowmikam, Zemik dlerdaweze wystepula po crasovmikach, my “mine our ours This is their cat. This cat is theirs. your yours. your yours | Tom is Mary's cousin. He is her cousin. ‘his “his her hers their theirs its \- | UWAGA: its = przymiotnik driertawezy its = itisithos We want to buy that house but its It's (It is) very cold today. bedrooms are too small {e's (It has) got four legs. ‘Complete the sentences with personal pronouns. Write 5 (subject pronoun), 0 (object pronoun) or P (possessive pronoun), 1. Look at Emma, doesn’t she look 5. Do you see that girl over there? .. happy today? mS Th cae 2. My sister and I love it when our mum 6 I'm baking a cake for them because makes pancakes for ......... « Be pee aL ccd ee 3. This isn’t my skirt. It’s Ann's. This skirt 7. I'm phoning you because .......--. Geatontns to tell you something important! sic 4 I can’t find my keys. | don’t remember @ This is her car. This Cars ssseseeees cence satire I putes aPeti.cyre willed RAUL mg4 Fill in the correct subject or object pronoun. Can you and Emma take Ben with you? B: Yes, of course m we can take > him with » us. \: Do you like seafood, Nathan? Br YeS, cssecsess KE sseeseeee a lot ‘A: Does Sally like vegetables? BE NO, ceseneee doesn’t like very much. : Do you see Katie and Rachel often, Claire? almost every day all go to the same school. ‘A: Do you know much about Greek and Roman history? Br Actually, ......e.. am learning about ....... in my History class at the moment! Fill in the correct possessive adjective/ pronoun. ‘A: Do you know Patty? She's m my sister. B: You have a very pretty sister! A: Is this book Philip's? BEES, scoetee ‘A: Why does Christina need a new phone? Br Because .......« old one doesn’t work any more. ‘A: Where do you and your wife usually go on holiday? B: To .sssesss house in the countryside. ‘A: My grandparents live on the same street as you. B: Is the house with the lovely garden ......e-? Circle the correct item. Don’t blame ........ for what happens. ‘i ® me © my The teacher gives ......... 2 lot of homework. Awe B our Cus ook waun id 15 cosesone Your sister? A she B her che sessne mother fs in hospital. A Me B My © She This shirt fs. A mine c me Fill in its or it’s. 1m staying at home today as > it’s cold outside. Let's eat here, ..... my favourite restaurant. Budapest is famous for beautiful buildings. Their house has ‘own swimming pool. sssenes A nice day today! Let's go for a walk. Isn't Nicola’s pet rabbit beautiful! . ss... fur fs so white. in, as in the example. > His (he) dog is brown and white. The house with the garden is . Tim, is this . (you) pen? . (We) new car is very expensive. . (she) dad is a doctor and (she) mum is a teacher. Speaking Imagine you are a magazine reporter interviewing a famous person. In pairs, ask and answer questions about his/her daily routine, Use the question words: what, when, how, where, etc. What time do you get up? : | usually get up at 8:00 am. Writing Use the answers from the Speaking activity to write a short article about the famous person’s daily routine, > Robert Kubica usually gets up at ...| I'm talking, He’s/She’s/It's talking, We're/You're/ They're talking 'm not talking, He/She/It isn’t talking, We/You/They aren’t talking ‘Am | talking?, Is he/she/it talking?, Are we/you/they talking? No, I'm not., No, he/she/it isn’t., No, we/you/they aren't. Pisownia Do wigkszoéci czasowmik6w dodajemy | kee wke-ing. | eat ~ eating, work — working, sleep — sleeping | © Woraypadku czasownikéw zakoficzonych na -e copuszczamy-e | dodajemny “ing. take — taking, drive — driving ‘¢ Woraypadku czasownik6w zakoriczonych akcen- ‘towang samogtoska, po ktorej nastepuje spot _sloska, spoigloske te podwajamy i dodajemy ing. plan — planning, shop ~ shopping ‘© Worzypadku czasowmikéw zakoficronych na ie zamieniamy “ie na~y oraz dodajemy “ing. die ~ dying 1 Put the verbs in brackets in the present. continuous. 1 Tom » is washing (wash) his car in the drive now. cae rk . (not/study) at the moment. 3B essesseessesnesenserseneess (MUMMCOOK) dinner? 4. The children sosssssesssese (lay) football in the garden. creme . (you/watch) TV? 6 Mary and I . (Play) chess. 7 Granddad . .- (read) his newspaper at the moment. 8. Cathy tae . (have) a party today. oo ({they/fly) to Athens tomorrow? 10 Bill (not/work) in the garden now. | | | Yes, | am., Yes, he/she/it is., Yes, we/you/they are. | Zastosowanie Czas present continuous utywamy, opisuige: caynnosci odbywagce sig w chwil méwienia. She's washing her hands now. ‘© czynnosci zaplanowane 1a najbliésza prayszlose. They're getting married tomorrow. He's reading a book now. Okreslenia czasu typowe da present continuous: now, fat the moment, at present, these days, tomorrow, next | week itp. z Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. 1. children/pizza/are/eating/the? > Are the children eating pizza? 2. seeing/tonight/|/am/friends/my 3 not/coming/Kate/tonight/is/us/with 4 he/what/is/reading? 5 Peter/studying/not/now/is 6 _are/at/now/supermarket/they/shopping/the 15Present continuous Look at the picture and correct the sentences, as in the example. Use the phrases below. © watch TV ® chat on the phone ¢ eat sandwich ® drink a cup of tea * make model planes Mrs Jones is cooking. » No, she Isn't. She's Jack and John are doing their homework. Grandmother is sleeping. Mary is listening to music. ....... Mr Jones is reading a newspaper. 4 Read Derek's agenda. In pairs ask and answer 16 questions, as in the example. Menday Saqurday 10:00am see dentist ‘go to karate lesson 3 goto the 1:00 pm Supermarket 4:00 pm play tennis with John 6:00pm Watcha basketball game 8:00 pm eens for 1 see/dentist/Saturday/10:00 am? > A; Is Derek seeing the dentist on Saturday at 10:00 am? B: No, he isn’t. He's seeing the dentist on Monday at 10:00 am, ouaun chatting on the phone. go to /karate lesson/Monday/10:00 am? go to/supermarket/Saturday/1:00 pm? play tennis/with John/Monday/4:00 pm? ‘watch basketball game/Saturday/6:00 pm? meet/Debbie/for dinner/Monday/8:00 pm? Answer the questions in the negative as in the example. Use your own ideas. Are you writing a letter? > No, I'm not. I'm doing my homework. Is your friend having a party on Saturday? Is your dad reading a book now? Are your parents flying to Paris tomorrow? |s your mother doing the washing-up now? ‘Are you seeing your friends tonight?Present simple * czynnosci powtarzalace sig i zmyczajowe. They have lunch ack every day. at 20% © stany trwale. She works as a secretary. Okreslenia czasu typowe dla present simple: every hour/day/week/month/summer/year, usually, always, every morning/afternoon/evening/ night, in the morning/afternoon/evening, at midday, at night. Present continuous © caynnosei odbywajace sig w chwli méwienia She's reading a book right now. ‘© Ustalone plany na najbliésza pryszlose He's flying to Rome nan hour. Okreslenia czasu typowe dla present continuous: now, at the moment, ot present, these days, today, tomorrow itp. ee ee Look at the pictures and complete the sentences 1-6. Use the verbs below. * cook ® play © wash ® watch # water * cycle 4 It’s Sunday morning. Tom > is watering the plants. He usually » waters the plants every Sunday morning, 2. It's Saturday morning. Kelly and Peter their dog. They usually am , their dog at weekends. 3. It's 6 o'clock in the afternoon and Jack dinner, He usually .... dinner in the evenings. 4 It's 7 o'clock in the evening. The Smiths . TV, They TVevery evening. 5 It's Tuesday afternoon and Philip and Tom - tennis, They usually . tennis on Tuesday afternoons. 6 It's Sunday morning. Eric He usually at weekends. 718 Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous. George > lives (live) in Scotland but at the moment he b is staying (stay) in Spain. Tony usually . (play) basketball with his friends at the weekend, but this Sunday they se {(g0) to the cinema. Lesley often (stay) at the office Until late in the evening, but today she é ir (leave) early. Martha usually... (drive) to work in the morning, but today . (snow) so she (take) the train, Susan i Saturdays, but this Saturday she ... (visit) her grandmother. Derek and etter his friends. (Finish) work at 5:00, . (go) home, but tonight . (have) dinner with Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present simple or present continuous. Ar 1) & Are you working (you/work) this afternoon? Br NO, 12) sss the cinema. 3) ... {you/want) to come? (go) to aire B: No, he 2) ‘computer games in his room, (Tommy/steep) ? (play) AD 1). re anything tonight? Br Ves Bjrrtesies Carol for dinner at 8 o'clock, {you/do) ++ (meet) AL Why 1). (Tom/look) so tired? B: He 2) long hours. eevee (Work) aE Dear Sarah, 11) > am writing (write) from the wonderful city of London! Sally and 12)... ina nice hotel near the city centre. The weather here 3) great. The sun 4) We5) anon Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present continuous or the present simple. - (stay) (be) Mae snow (Shine). cam (spend) most of the day sightseeing around London. Right now, we Oxford Street and then we 10). vn. (sit) ata café in Leicester Square. (drink) a delicious cappuccino (cat) asandwich. This | ce) abit iyewe ater Buckingham Palace. Tonight, We 11) nnn (have) dinner in Soho. 113) a uaa (LOVE) it here and (not/want) to leave! TQ) Circle the mistake (4 or 8), then correct it. > have Me wal aoa Engi son Tess, a B est days, Kevin is geting @ Ut to school. Today he’s taking the bus. B "fy to Rome tonight. leaving forthe airport ‘nan hour. Ace yoy-caaking dinner every night or do_you ‘sometimes order a takeaway?5. Mike comes to school at 8 o'clock every day but A today he bien § Underline the correct time expression. Peter and Nancy are going to the cinema every Monday/tonight. 2._Lisa has piano lessons on Tuesdays/now. 3. Does Lucy usually/at present wake up early at the weekend? 4 Sometimes/At the moment he is working on the computer. 5 Betty goes to the gym tomorrow/twice a week. 6 Helen always/at present starts work at 9 o'clock. 7 Tracey doesn’t eat breakfast today/every morning. 8 Helen isn’t studying in her room now/at night. 7 Circle the correct item, 1) Paul. A doesn’t have B has breakfast at the moment. © ishaving listening to jazz music? ‘A. Does she enjoy B Does she enjoys CIs she enjoying 3 Nancy and Stella usually ........ hiking at the weekend. ‘A aregoing BB goes © C go 4 I ssssen the dentist on Monday. A see B seeing C sees 5 Is David in the library now? A study B studies studying 6 My mother ........ home from work at 5 pm every day. ‘A get B gets C_isgetting T Is Steve ....... his doctor this morning? A seeing B see —Csees 8 Beth usually .... Karate lessons on Tuesdays. A has B ishaving C have 8 Tick (V) the correct sentence, as in the example. a What do you do now? tu What are you doing now? my ‘They're travelling to Paris tomorrow. They travel to Paris tomorrow. oe Dad is taking me to school every day. Dad takes me to school every day. on ‘She cleans the house every week. = She is cleaning the house every week. 9 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words. o you have any plans for this Sunday? ‘What ® are you planning to do this Sunday? 2. Tornmy has English lessons on Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday, ‘Tommy has English lessons ... a week. 3. Heather is in a pink top and a white skirt. Heather a pink top and a white skirt. 4° Philip has an appointment with the dentist on Wednesday. Philip .. on Wednesday. 5 Bill doesn't ever eat fish. Bill never... Speaking '* Tell the class about the activities you do at the weekend. What are you doing this weekend? the dentist > [usually go shopping at the weekend. This weekend I'm going to a party. ‘© Find family pictures and describe them to your friend. Writing Choose a picture and write a short description of it. Use Ex. 1 on p. 17 as a model. 19Zdania wagledne opisujg rzeczowmik wystepujacy w zdaniu nadrzednym. ‘Zaczyraja sig od that, where, which, who, whose itp. | | « who/that odnosza sie do oséb. i The girl who/that is with Tim is his sister Laura. | «© whievthatodnosm sig do rzecry lub were. | This is the bus which/that goes to Heathrow Hire eter cael opoae | This isthe hotel where we stay when we travel to London. | © whose wyraiapraynaletnosé lub pokrewiestwa. | This fs the man whose daughter is a lawyer. A doctor is someone 1 Look at the pictures and make sentences, as in the example, (C@ something/use to take pictures machine/ print from computer (@ animat/tive in Australia (Ge place/watch a play (@ someone/put out fires © washing machine/wash clothes ( someone/serve people food and drinks ‘© someone/teach children (@ something/eat your soup with ( place/see wild animals ® place/athletic events happen > A kangaroo is an animal which/that tives in Australia, 202 ‘Match the phrases to make sentences. TT ¢ That's the office building The boy 3] _] Robert is a reporter 4] _| That is the restaurant S]_] That is the woman [2T_] ssthis the film ZT_] Rome is a city BT _] This is the cat F]_] Thisis the chita FTO] | This is the house 3 Fill in the gaps with who, which or where. Buckingham Palace, 1m which 1s located in London, is the oficial residence a where you can see ancient ruins. b_which serves Japanese food. ¢ where my father works. d_whose child is in my class. ul hase child 16 $0 hy class @ in which Brad Pitt stars? us Ss cuir garden even cay ‘8 who is playing with the toys is Tony. fh who works for Zoom magazine. _\ 3° Tom is the boy. His mother works at a bakery. 4 That's the building. Betty works theres cactecrc 5 Apenguin is a bird. It can’t fly. Speaking of the Queen of England. it is the ideal place for visitors .. want to learn about British History. it is a place ...you can see many priceless works of art and treasures ‘orm part of the Royal Collection. All year around, the Changing of the Guard, §) ....... takes place in front of the palace, is a popular event for tourists 6) ....... visit the capital. The Palace Garden is a place 7) you can see many different species of birds. It has also more than 350 rare wild ‘lowers. 4 Join the sentences. Use who, which, where or whose to join the two sentences. 1. That is Mr Williams. He is an actor. > That is Mr Williams who is an actor. 2. This is the train. It goes to Manchester, In pairs, take turns to say the name of a place, a thing or a person, Your partner has to explain what this place/thing s or who this person is. » A: cinema B: A cinema is a place where we can watch a film. Writing ‘Make up true sentences about yourself using relative pronouns and adverbs, as in the example. » My mother is a kind person who cares about us all ‘My school is the place where I see all iy friends. ‘My room is the place where | spend ‘most of my time in the evening. iSe eunreeietiarie (Units 1-3) © Present simple & present continuous, adverbs of frequency Czas present simple i present continuous Praystowki czestotliwoscl 1 a) Read the email below. Circle all the verbs in the present simple and underline all the verbs in the present continuous. Match the verbs to the uses: * permanent states * habit/routine * action happening at the time of speaking * fixed arrangements in the near future b) How do we form the negative and interrogative of the resent simple and the present continuous? ) Find three adverbs of frequency. Where do we use them in a sentence: before or after the main verb, before or after the verb to be? Hi Clare! | Mynameis Amy Norman.lam your new per-friend! lam 16 years ‘ld and I live in London, England. Ie isa great city where you can find lots of museums, theatres, cinemas, and parks. | come from quite a large family. 've got a twin brother, John, and an ‘older sister, Emma. john and | go to school and Emma, who is 21 years ‘ld, goes to university. My father works as an accountant for ‘a successful company and my mother is a teacher. From Monday to Fridey my dally routine is always the same.| wake up at around 7:15 am.I have alight breakfast and then travel to school by bus. My classes start at 8 pm and | stay at school until half past three in the afternoon. After school, | go to my part-time job, from 4 pm to 6 pm. work for a family with two young children. | help to get the children ready for bed, feed them and play with them. Inthe ‘evenings, | do my homework and I usually go to bed before I! pm. ‘Saturday and Sunday are my favourite days ofthe week because | do whatever | lke. | don't go to school so I get up late in the . 40 to the cinema or to concerts but we usualy just hang out. ‘At the moment, I'm studying very hard because I'm siting my ‘exams next week. Tonight, I'm taking a break from my studies and I'm | going out for dinner with my family. your free time? Please write soon! | like spending my free time with my friends. We sometimes, Wat about you? What’ your dally routine? How do you spend © Possessive adjectives Praymiotniki dzieréaweze Underline the possessive adjectives which you can find in the email in Ex.1. What comes after possessive adjectives? ® Pronouns Zaimki osobowe 3 a) Which subject/object pronouns ‘can you find in the email in Ex.1? Which subject/object pronouns do we use in the third person singular? b) Which personal pronouns do we use before a verb instead of the name of the person or a noun? c) Which personal pronouns do we use after a verb or a preposition? d) How do we use possessive pronouns? Give examples. © Relative clauses Zdania wzgledne Find relative clauses in the email. Which one refers to people and which one refers to a place? © Question words Zaimki | wyrazenia rozpoczynalgce pytania 5 a) Find two question words in the ‘email, ) Write questions to which the ‘words in bold in the email are the answers, as in the example. > How old is Amy? Nouwsune10 "1 12 3 Circle the correct item. they want to go to the theatre? A Does BB Do Are He usually ....+++- his homework in the afternoon. A do B does € doing This is me and Mary. ....... are both twenty. A They = B You C We Lucy A ishaving B have a cup of coffee every morning. C has Our neighbours spend a lot of time in ssn garden. A they're B they © their «people are there in the picture? Two. ‘A HowmanyB How much C How often The girl. ‘A. which, . is standing over there is my cousin. B who C where Bill . A usually goes to the gym; he doesn’t like it. B always = C_never + i5 that man? He’s my dad. A How = B Where = C Who How .....se« do you go to the cinema? A rarely B often C usually He ....... piano lessons three times a week. A has B ishaving C have My best friend ........ in Rome at the moment. A live lives € is living Do you know John? He’s ........ brother. A mine = B my c me 14 5 16 19 20 2 2 aac 25 Revision (Units 1-3) Ben lives in a nice fla. It belongs to ....... father. A he B him C his ‘We're playing football. Do you want to join A we B them Cus This is Cathy and Carol, ....... are sisters. A They —B Them c Their {s Jack going? To the supermarket. ‘A What = B Why © Where Mary is ........ on time for work, She’s never late, ‘A usually B seldom —C_ always We «ss. basketball in half an hour. ‘A play Bare playing C plays This is the train ....... goes to London. A who B which © where How ...... 5 the bus stop from here? A old B far © long That's the cottage ........ we spend our summer’ holidays. A who B which © where he work at weekends? A Do Bis C Does ssseseee 15 John from? Dublin, ‘A Where — B Which © What ‘Are you .......» anything tonight? A do B does doing 23‘As Mrs Smith was in The fire quickly spread The fire brigade rushed Luckily, fire fighters the kitchen cooking and Mrs Smith screamed to Mrs Smith's house. rescued Mrs Smith yesterday, the curtains for help. ‘and put out the fire. caught fire. Czasowniki regularne jOkresierks\ cess typowe dla past simple: Beowet yesterdy, the doy before © czasowniki zakoviczone nae Pl yesterday las veekritrel| close — closed see ‘didn't pay exe rb at | * cmownkizlonaoneraspsifose+y uN aEae weeks/months/ years ago, Fs a mmsmogoste ty Did Wyou/he/she/it/we/they play? When. then, in 2003p lay — played i + caisownik zakoiczoneakcentowang Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they éid./ samogioska, po ktbrej nastepuje No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they didn’t. spélgloska drop — dropped Zastosowanie | ALEopen — opened CCaasu past simple utywamy, opisulge: | © czasowmiki zakoriczone na-! © czynmosci, ktbre wydarayy sie w okreslonym momencie w prac | travel — travelled sttosci. Doktadny czas jest albo podany, albo znany zkontekstu, A) | Joined the tennis club when she moved to the area. (Kiedy? Po ‘Wymowa przeprowadzeniu sig. Czas jest znany z kontekstu). Ann joined the © Ad dla czasownikéw zakoriczonych na tennis club a month ago. (Kiedy? Miesigc temu. Czas jest podany). | Mlub /d/. sorted, lifted, recorded © czynnosci regularnie powtarzajgce sie w przeszloSci, np. czynnosci | © Aidla czasownikow zakoniczonych xycajowe, | _spélgtoska bezdzwigczna. looked, He always went fishing with i | missed, touched, wished, coughed his granddad when he was | © Io dla czasownikéw zakonczonych achild. spélgtoska déwigczng lub samogtosk. —@ ezynnoseci nastepujgce jedna arranged, prepared, flowed, po drugi] w prassztosc ~ | robbed First he had breakfast — , ‘and then he left for work. i ‘Czasowniki nieregularne © osoby, ktdre juz nie zyja. q | Czasowmiki nieregularne prayjmujg rine John Lennon wrote a lot of songs. | formy, np. go — went, buy — bought, (John Lennon nie Zyje). come — came. (Zob lista czasownikow nieregularnych na koicu ksgtki). 241 Write the past simple of the verbs in the list in the correct box. cry, dance, plan, stay, manage, try, delay, spell, arrive, quarrel, rob, worry, care, destroy, fry, stop, enjoy, die, like, travel, play, call, travel a > danced, akcentonanasame |» planned, spotgoska +y > cried, samogodaty | > stayed, Pcteees 4 > called, Put the verbs in the past simple and write them under the correct heading. Then read them aloud. hand, help, disappear, scare, accept, laugh, watch, boil, arrange, wonder, miss, add, aint, drop, want e | i 3 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the past simple, as in the example. 1A: Where 1) ® ci you spend (you/spend) your holiday this summer? (go) to the Bahamas. esses (De) it like? B: Fabulous! 2 AL WHY 1) sessosoons (not/Lucy/come) to Harry's party? Br She 2) seen (have) to revise for an exam. 2 They... Ae What 1) sssssssesnen (you/do) yesterday? 8: Oh, nothing much. | 2) (stay) at home. AT) .- (read) the book you 2) (give) me about blue whales. B: 3) (vourlike) it? A: Yes. It was quite interesting, Find the past simple forms of the verbs listed below in the puzzle. Then, using the verbs, fill {in the blanks in the following sentences. eat see die buy go win hear take wash \ me xoodem> pzzean04s puwmEnezenm omrurero>0 | ote pancakes for breakfast this morning. sssesee t0 catch the bus this morning. the World My favourite football team ... cup. Tom .sssssseeses @ NeW computer last Week. Princess Diana .. in 1997, Shelly to the cinema with Helen yesterday. .. a strange noise outside our house the dog for a walk this afternoon. My parents .....-ses0ee their favourite band play ‘in concert last night. Betty had a bath and ..... her hair. 2.5 Read Julie's email to her friend Sam. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the past simple, HiSam, You'll never guess what 1) happened (happen) yesterday morning! 12) aves (be) in my bedroom playing a board game with my sister, when all of a sudden our house 3) - (begin) to shake. My sister and 1 4)... ook) at each other in fear, as my parents 5) (be) out of town for the day and my sister and | 6). (be) the only ones at home. 17). (novvknow) what to do so 18) . sister and we 9). my desk. The shaking 10)... (ast) several minutes. 11) soe (Be) all over, we 12) (ook) around the house and we 13)... (see) a few objects onthe floor. There 1) {not/be) much damage. Thank goodness! It 15) neuen (be) a terrifying experience! That's all my news for now. Julie 6 ‘Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words. 1 They enjoyed themselves a lot at the party last Saturday night. They m had a great time at the party last Saturday night, 2 Liz got home and then cooked dinner. tz sisaspesroctepociizonnneveene MIO GOE home. 3. How long is it since he broke his arm? When his arm? 26 4. Do you know the reason for her leaving her job? Do you know Why ss... her job? 5 It took them seven hours to drive from London to Manchester They ooo i . aseven- hour drive from London to Manchester. 6 When did she mave to Spain? How long is it since. ‘to Spain? Speaking yey Make sentences about yourself, using the time expressions. > [went to the cinema yesterday. [inz00s { saw a horror film and I was terrified Be B Writing Using the pictures A-D, write a short story in the past simple tense. Use the ideas below to help you. volcano/erupt/at about 6:00 am people hear/loud noise/see smoke/sky they/be in panic/leave houses that night/people/sleep in the forest next day/go back/village see/ash/dust/everywhere they/be/very sad/because/lose everything > Yesterday, Mount Suriyami Taginake, erupted. @ volcano near the village ofPTA oh St EEE pence ‘Zeania cagsto taczymy wyradeniami okreslajgcymi czas | darzeh, takimi jake as, as soon as, when, while, after, until, and then. As J opened my eyes, | saw my mother smiling at me. He got up as soon as the alarm rang. ‘She was in the kitchen when the phone rang. He moved to Paris after he lost his job. She waited at the bus stop until the bus arrived. He had dinner and then he watched TV. The children went to school after they had breakfast. ‘nme te tra hh ORR 1 Underline the correct word. 1 Kelly called us when/until she got to the airport. 2 She watched TV as soon as/until she fell asleep. 3. Paul sent us a postcard as soon as/ until he reached Paris. 4 He had a big party as/after he graduated. 5 We waited for Tom and Jenny untiVafter they arrived. 6 Bill brushed his teeth and as/then went to bed. 7 They moved to Britain after/as they got married. 2 Join the sentences using the word(s) in brackets. 1. | screamed, | saw a mouse. (when) > Iscreemed when I saw a mouse When | sow a mouse, ! 2 She put on her jacket. She went outside. (and then) ‘eamed. 3 Lucy came back home. Her mum. called her. (as soon as) 4 He joined the army. He finished university. (after) 5 He looked for a seat. He got to the stadium. (as soon as) 6 Sally waited outside her house. The taxi came. (until) 3 Read and match. 1|™ © He put on his coat and a she started cooking dinner. 2 As soon as she got home b after they had lunch. [3]__] He was in the bathroom ¢_‘then he went outside. [4] ] They watched TV d- when the doorbell rang. Speaking Join the sentences using linking words, and tell the story to your partner. © Itwas late. Julie went to bed, © She was about to fall asleep. She heard a loud noise. © She waited. The noise stopped. She went into the living room. ‘© She switched on the light. She saw a man standing near the doorway. ‘© He ran out of the house. He saw her. ‘Julie picked up the phone. she called the police. > It was late when Julie went to bed, etc Writing Now, write the story in your own words. Give your story different ending. Use time words. vaExploring Grammar © Past simple Czas past simple 1 a) Read the article below, List all the verbs in the past simple. Which are regular? Which are irregular? How do we form the negative and interrogative forms in the past simple? b) Match the past simple verb forms to the uses: ‘© actions which happened at a specific time in the past ‘© actions which took place immediately one after the other Sumner ‘One day last June it stated raining hard and it didn't stop. The news report said that around 2 months worth of rain fll in just 8 hours and caused tebe flooding. | remember that day realy well. At around 10 o'clock in the ‘evening, there was a knock on the door. | answered the door and, ‘our neighbour, Mr Stevens, told us to leave our house because he ‘was atraid the river would burst its banks and flood the town. My. mother got dressed quickly and went to get the car out of the ‘garage while | ran across the street to wam the neighbours. My mother met me with the car and we drove to the fill where we ‘were safe, Suddenly, we heard the teribie roar of the water as it knocked the lampposts down and everything went dark. This was about 11:15 pm, We satin our car until daylight came. Then we ‘went home. ‘There was a lot of damage to our house and to other houses in the neighbourhood. The first floor of our house was completely, Underwater. We had to throw away most of our furniture and we lost all of our olé pictures, which was very sad. Ittook us the rest ‘of the summer to clean the house and garden. It was a terrible experience but we were also relieved that we were safe, 28 (Units 4-5) 10 10 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple to complete the sentences. Linda ....sssse (Duy) her house two months ago. Last night Fiona - (drop) mum's favourite vase and . - (break) it. Tom (catch) the 7:30 am flight to Madrid yesterday morning. Susan .» (leave) work early yesterday. We always (play) rugby on Saturdays when we (live) in Oxford. John ssssusssesos (not/get) my message last night. Did Mother Theresa ..sssesssee (live) in India? She . (come) home very late last night, (have) dinner and ... (g0) to bed because she (be) very tired. The MUSEUM s..sesssessstesneensees (OPEN) fOUr years ago. JORN cessoeessee (Get) the KEYS, cacseseeeve (HOCK) the door and . (leave) the office. © Time words Wyratenla okresiajgce czas a) Circle all the time words you can find in the text. Give more exampl b) Choose the correct time words. She waited at the station as soon as/until the train arrived. The students went out to celebrate while/after they finished their exams. First the sky tumed grey and then/when it began to rain, They started to do their homework as soon as/ tuntil they got home from school. | didn’t see anything in the dark until/as soon as I turned on the lights. Sally was in the garage wher/after her friends arrived. I saw Terry as/until | entered the building. He was in the shower when/as soon as the phone started ringing, ‘As soon as/Until he arrived at the theatre, he looked for a seat. ‘After/Until the rain stopped, the kids went into the garden to play.10 "1 12 3 Circle the correct item. Ben isn’t in his room. He's ‘A doing B does .- his homework, © do The Beatles ........ @ lot of his hits in the 1960s. ‘A arehaving Bad © have ‘ssesee Countries produce the best olive oil? A Who B Where © Which Steve never milk. A. drinks B doesn't C drink Did you the potatoes? A fy B fried frying This fs the house Jane lives. A who B which where 1 ccessee My favourite actor on TV last night. A saw B see C amseeing He always tennis at the weekend when he was at university. A plays B play C played Did they drink their coffee? Yes, they ss... « A did B do C are doing Linda moved to England ....... she finished university. A then B while after Do not start writing ....... I tell you. A until B when while He ..sssu sick yesterday so he didn’t go to school. A isfeeting —-B felt € feet They to Paris last year. A aretravelling B travel travelled 14. 15 16 7 18 19 a 2 23 Revision (Units |-5) are you going to get there? By car? A What B How —C Where . travel to London in 1999, B didn’t does ‘Wait in front of the post office ........ get there. ‘A when B after —C_until . lunch at the moment? B ate C eating Are they .. A eat Tt sa.seae me hours to tidy my room yesterday. A take B istaking took Did you ........ the British Museum when you were in London? A are visiting B visit © visited +s the team won the game, they went out to celebrate. A After B Then Until We ... A stayed at the hotel until the rain stopped. B stay C are staying He left an hour ..sssne « ‘A yesterday -B-before —C_ago She ....0s a8 a shop assistant at present. ‘A isworking —B_ worked = works. iene (18% ww) 29) imeForma peina Forma skrécona You have ve We/They have 've come | | | He/Sherit has * liveds | Forma pena Forma skrécona Wou have not haven't veg) He/She/It has not hasn't wermney > [es here haven't LCOME | | Have I/you Has he/shesit We?! Have we/they Come? | | Zastosowanie CCzasu present perfect utywamy, opisujac: © caynnosci, ktdre rozpoczely sig w przesttosci i erwaja do chili obecnej ‘Mr Adams has been @ teacher for ten years. (Zacag} te prace 10 lat temu i nadal pracuje jako rnauczyciel) © praeiycia i doswiad czenia zyciowe. Gerry has tried bungee jumping. © caynnosci, keére wydarzyly sie w nieokreslonym momencie w praeszlosci.. Czas nie jest podany, poniewad jest nieistotny. Lizzie has been to Moscow, (Kiedy tar byta? Nieistotne. Waine, te ‘w ogéle tam byl.) 30 Yes, I/we have, No, I/we haven't. Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn’t. Yes, you/they have. No, you/they haven't. ezynnosc, ktére zakoriczyy sig niedawno i ktBrych skutki sq odezuwalne w tej chwil. They have finished a their shopping. “ (Wesnie zrobili zakupy i teraz pakuig rzeczy do” baguinika,) j caynmossi ktbre rozpoczely sig niedawmo 1 sq teraz kontynuoware. Paul has received four faxes this morning. (est nadal rano, Paul moze ps cotrzyma¢ kolejne faksy.)Have gone (to) — Have been (to) ‘© Wyratenia have gone (to) utywamy, méwige, Ze ktos sig udal do jakiegos miejsca i nada tam jest. They have gone | to Disneyland. (Nadal tam sq, jeszcze nie wrécil.) ‘Okreslenia czasu typowe dla present perfect: | © already (zwykle w zdaniach twierdzacych) | You don't need to buy a newspaper. | thave already bought it. | & yet (zwykle w zdaniach pytaigcych i praeczacych) | Have you heard the news yet? | ‘The plane hasn't landed yet. |) a furesleariiids dehieto es calmer | Edward has just come in, [© ever (zwykle w zdaniach twierdzacych i pytajacych) | This is the best film! have ever watched. | Have they ever invited you to their house? ‘© Wyratenia have been (to) uzywamy, méwige 0 tym, 42 ktoS gdzies by, ale ut wroci © never (znaczenie negatywne) Tristan has never been good at Maths. George has never seen a play at the theatre. for (przez pewien czas) They have lived in that house for nine months. since (od okreslonego momentu w praeszlosc) They have lived in that house since the beginning of the year. oO, She's been to Egypt twice. (Byla kiedys wExipcie, ale ud wrdcita) 1 ‘Make complete sentences using the words. below, Use the present perfect. 1. WValready/see/the dentist » I have already seen the dentist. John/move house/yet? Valready/‘type/eight letters/today she/never/travel/abroad the plane/just/arrive .. you/ever/meet/anyone famous? .-...--. they/just/return/from/their trip . hhe/ not finish/his homework/yet @Vounun Make sentences using the words below, as in the example, Use since or for. |/not see/Emity/tong time > I haven't seen Emily for a long time. he/not eat/anything/yesterday we/not be clubbing/months they/not hear/ from David/last summer Kelly/not have/a holiday/two years .. they/be/married/1997 ... I not speak/Daniel/last Sunday .. he/ not email/John/weeks ... 3132 Complete the conversation, using the present perfect. Sam, let's check if we 1) m have done (do) everything for Claire’s surprise party. OK. 2) {you/book) the table at the restaurant? Yes. And 13) the flowers. Great! What about the balloons? 14) ask) Ben to organise the decorations. Good thinking. Now, Sally 5) .. (buy) Claire's present and 6) .. (call) all her friends. That's fine. 7)... 3 (you/make) sure Claire thinks we're taking her to the theatre? Yes. Don’t worry. She has no idea what we are planning! Oh, | almost forgot! 8) (you/check) if Sally 9) (bake) the cake? She just called me. It’s all under control! (order) (already/ Fill in the gaps with have/has been (to) or have/has gone (to). Harry > has gone to the sports centre and won’t be back until 5 o'clock. We. . Madrid twice so far this year but we want to go again soon. You can’t see Herman before Friday. He es on a business trip. seus the hairdresser’s She ‘twice this week. Oliver isn’t here at the moment. He srsesesssssssee the bank to withdraw some money. They «.. sore . Spain on holiday five times. James and Lynn New York for a few days on a business trip. They're ‘coming tomorrow. Billy . work. He should be home by 3 pm. sulie Rome twice this year. 4 ‘What has happened? In pairs look at the pictures and use the phrases to ask and answer questions, as in the example. ‘© miss bus ® graduate from university © win medal. ® lose game > A: Why is he running? B: He has missed the bus Underline the correct word. They haven't bought the tickets for the cinema ever/yet. Have you for/just come in? The baby has yet/already gone to sleep. Ithasn’t rained justffor three weeks. Don’t come in here! I've just/yet cleaned the floor He hasn’t been to his grandparents’ house already/since last summer. Rodney has ever/never met such friendly People. Has Peter yet/ever played golf? Ed has lived in Russia for/since 1995. Have you ever/never visited Japan? Has Frank left yet/just? | haven’t talked to him since/for days.‘Andy has written a letter to his pen friend. Read the letter and fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in the present perfect. Dear Freddie, How are things? Im sorry | 1) m haven't written -(be) ‘So many things 3) (happen) to me since my last letter. | don't know where to begin! My brother 4 .. sess Qust/find) a new job, which is great news. He likes it much more than his ‘old one and he earns more money, too. Do you remember my cousin Karen and her boyftiend Simon? Well, they 5) (decide) to get married! They 6) . (already/choose) ‘a wedding date. Isn't chat wonderful? As for me, | 7) (not/study) much for my exams because | 8). swe (be) at the swimming pool every day for the last week. My coach is very happy with me because 19) (not/miss) a session so far this year: Well if want to be an Olympic champion, | must work hard! ‘Well, that’s all my news. Write to me soon with your news. Best wishes, Andy What has happened to each person? Use the verbs in the list to make sentences. * study © lose © not/eat * gain can’t find 1 Pauline: my keys. > She's lost her keys. ‘m five 2 Sally: Kilos heavier, Pm really i hungry. 4 Rick: Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words. 1. ast phoned Helen in April. > haven't phoned Helen since Apri. 2. The last time | saw Henry was a week ago. 1 .. Henry for a week. 3. It's a month since I went to the cinema. ! .. to the cinema for a month. 4 | wrote to Alison in September. \ +. to Alison since September. Speaking Janet is on holiday in Budapest. Look at her notes and say what she has already done/ hasn't done yet. ‘© visit the Royal Palace 7 # take a boat trip down the Danube X ‘© buy souvenirs x ‘© try the local dishes / visit the Museum of Fine Arts © relax at traditional coffee houses ¥ > Janet has already visited the Royal Palace. Writing Write a letter to your friend telling him/her your news. Use the present perfect. Use the letter in Ex. 7 as a model. 33He/She/It has (’s) been living 1/You/We/They have not (haven't) been living He/She/It has not (hasn’t) been living Have I/you/we/they been living? Has he/she/it been living? Yes, I/you/we/they have. _Yes, he/she/it has. No, I/you/we/they haven't. No, he/she/it hasn’t. Zastosowanie Caasu present perfect continuous uiywamy I/You/We/They have (’ve) been living ‘*-méwigc © aymosciach, kore rozpocely sig w prze- © aby wyrazié loS¢, poirytowanie lub zniecierpliwienie. salt trwaja w chil, gdy 0 nich mowimy. PodkreSlamy czas trwania czynnosc!i cagsto utywamy takich okreslef ‘Have you been czasu, jak for since, all moming/dyAweek itp. fighting again? (Osoba wyrata | lose.) He has been | painting the house all morning. (Zaczal malowae dom rano i jeszcze nie skoviczy.) UWAGA: Czasownikéw feel, lve, work oraz teach moina utywaé bez zmiany zaczenia zaréwno W caasie present perfect, jaki present perfect continuous. ‘¢ méwigc 0 czynnosciach, kere trwaly dluiszy czas, He has lived/has been living in skoticzyly sig niedawno, a ich skutki obserwujemy London since 2006. ‘ww obecnej. He's tired. He has been walking all (Okreslenia czasu typowe da post perfect continuous: ‘afternoon. how long, fs since, lately/recenty. (Skutki czynnosci sq ‘widocane; mezczyana jestzmeczony.) 34Use the verbs to complete the sentences, as in It’s 3 o'clock on Saturday afternoon. Look at the example, the information and write what the people have been doing and for how long they have been doing it, as in the example. ‘© work © paint © surf © study © cook ® play 1» They have been surfing the Net all morning. 1:30pm | wash car 4:00pm cook 2:30 pm send text messages Peter m has been playing computer games for two ‘and a half hours/since 12:30. Rachel .. since breakfast. 3 Imagine the situation. Use the verbs in the present perfect continuous to write sentences, as in the example. redecorate # walk ® cry ® chop # wait © rain for ten hours. 1. Jenny's eyes are red. She ® ’s been crying all evening. 2 He's wet. He fn the rain. 3. They're angry. Piet They ... since 10 o'clock in the fn a queue for more than three hours. 4. The house looks nice. They it for the last month. 5. The ground is wet. It. all morning. 6 Paula is crying. She sees ‘onions for an hour, 3536 4 ‘Match the sentences (1-6) with the correct tense descriptions (a-f). ‘working too tong. asking me! They have been to the USA. Katie has known Ben since 1996. John’s really tired because he’s been They have just finished their report. \Nathan has been gardening all morning. She has been reading my diary without 5 Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or present perfect continuous. 1. A: Are you still working on your English essay? B 2A B: 3 B: : How Long No. | Gust/finish) it. {s Christina still at the gym? Yes. She (exercise) all morning. Are Georgia and Claire still at the party? No. They ... {already/leave). :: Do you like Charlotte? Yes! She’s one of the most interesting people (ever/meet). :: Your Italian is very good! Thanks! |. (learn) it ever since | was ten. \: Is this your first time in France? : Yes. We (never/be) here before. (you/live) here in Glasgow? : For seven months now. ! ‘wyrazamy zlosé lub irytacje ; ‘opisujemy czynnosé, ktora wydarzyta sie w. przesztoscl, Jednak czas nie Jest podany, oe poniewaz jest nieistotny © méwimy 0 czynnosel, ktéra skofiezyla sie niedawno, a je} skutki obserwujemy w chwill ‘obecne} | d_ opisujemy czynnose, ktéra zaczela sie w okreslo- ‘nym momencie w przeszloscl i nadal sie odbywa; znamy dokladny czas rozpoczecia czynnoscl € podkresiamy czas trwania czynnosci, ktéra rozpoczefa sie w przesziosd i nadal ma miejsce f opisujemy czynnosé, ktora whasnie sie skoniezyla eee 8 A: You look dreadful! know. I. (not/feet) very well recently. Complete the email below by putting the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the resent perfect continuous. Dear Holly, tim sony 1) sss (MoY/send) you an eral for such a long time. | have so much to tel you. I 2)... ~ (just/pass) my driving test! My Dad 3)... (ready) me anew car, but he says tat hav o pass my Maths exam net week efor can eve it, sold). (study) really hard lately. 15) (also/make) a new friend. She lves vex doo, Her rame is Adana and she 6) (justmove) here trom Spain, We have a lot of fun together. | can't wait for you to meet her, What 7) vwesne (you/to) lately? 8) (yowdecide) yet it you ae coming ee forte summer ape so Wire back soon cant wal to heer al your news. Love, Samantha7 Complete the sentences with the verbs in the list in the present perfect or the present perfect continuous. rain © catch © fail * work study * fish 1. She's very sad. She .. + her exams. since morning. . all morning. ide ws Besece tat snl i any fish yet. 5 She on as a teacher for ten years. 6 It s eaaser aise all day today. 8 Underline the correct word, 1 How long/since have those kids been watching ™ 2. We haven’t finished already/yet. 3. Have you been doing anything interesting so far/ lately? 4 Has Charlotte recently/always been so good at maths? 5 Mathew has already/still been to Los Angeles this year 6 Has Jenny found her car keys since/yet? 7 I have ever/never driven such an expensive car before! 8 Have you seen any good films recently/ever? 9. They have taken over 100 photos so far/yet. 10 He hasn't lived here since/for 20 years. For each situation use the words in brackets to ask a question or to make a statement. You see your friend waiting for the bus. ou ask: (wait tong?) > Have you been waiting long? Your friends are going to a rock concert. You ask: (book tickets?) Your friend asks about your dad's job. You say: (work/doctor/for years) You see your neighbour driving a new car. You tell your friend: (buy/new car) Your friend has got her hair dyed. You say: (aye/hair) You ask your sister why she is crying. She says: (lose/ring) Your brother is panting and his face is red. You ask: (Fight?) There’s has been a bank robbery. You ask: (they/catch robbers?) Speaking Tell your partner: ‘© two things you have/haven't done this week ‘© two things you have been doing for the last four years ‘© two things which have happened in the past at an unstated time > I’ve tidied my room. V've been learning English for the last four years. ‘My parents have bought @ new car. Writing Write a short email to your English penfriend, Jim, telling him your news. Use the present perfect and the present perfect continuous. Use the email in Ex. 3 as a model. 3738 Present perfect CCaasu present perfect uiywamy, mowige 0 czynnosciach, ktdre: rmialy miejsce w nieokresionym, ‘momencie w przeszlosci, She has hurt her leg. (Kiedy? Nie wiadoma. Czas nie jest podany) rozpoczely sie w przesztosci i trwaja do chwili obecne}. He has been an actor for 20 years (Zacza} prace 20 lat tema i nadal jest aktorem,) zakoticzyly sig niedawno, aich skutki sq odezuwaline w chwil obecne} She has worked hard all day. (Wrécila do dom i jest bardzo zmeczona) Okreélenia czasu typowe dla present perfect: for since, yet, already, just itp, Past simple Czasu past simple utywamy, méwigc 0 crynnosciach, ktére: © wydarzyly sie w okreslonym momencie w przeselosc He got his degree last year, (Kiedy? W zeszlym roku.) © rozpoczely sig zakoniczyly wpreeszlosc Jenny worked at that company for ten years (lenny pracowala tam przez 10 lat, ale teraz pracuje gdzie indzie}.) ALE Jenny has worked at this company for ter years. (Jenny nadal pracuje w tej firmie:) (Okreslenia czasu typowe dia past simple: cago, yesterday, in 2005, last week/month/ year/ Friday itp. 1 Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the past simple. 1. A: Katie ® has bought (buy) a new car, hasn't 5A Fears . (you/send) she? ‘that job application off yet? B: Yes. She soos (buy) silver BMW B: Yes, | + (post) it this morning. last week. 6 . (you/wait) long? 2. AS I ssssssssensee (Not/feel) well since last week, (be) here since 8 o'clock. Bs Welt, « sdyoulsee) 7 soos (you/ever/been) to Italy? ia Octo youd B: Many times. In fact, |... ese (be) 3k i (yourtalk) to Jim? there last week. B: No, he ses (G0) to the bank. He rai Sreataes| lomes? g ence come) becleyet.. He ..... + (Say) he wanted to see me. ak senseeene (youshave) any Br Actually, he... ‘news from Bob and Tina? (ust/leave). B: Yes. They .. cere ‘me from Spain last night.A \ecnasmmneeneeesenee Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the past simple. Hi, Betty. 11) & hove for ages, That's because | 2) : ‘seen (not/see) you (be) away for the past few months, Sorry, | 3). 1 (think) you knew. 2 No one 4). (tell) me. Where 3 did you go? 4 15) (G0) to France. 5 ‘What was it like? | 6) . 6 (never/be) there before. 7 [really 7). -- (enjoy) myself. 8 It was so different to England. fe 8) rant (you/visit) 10 the Eiffel Tower while you were there? Oh yes, it was the most amazing thing 19). .- (ever/see). What £0) . (yourbe) up to? Nothing as exciting as that! 11). Gust/finish) my exams. That's good, Do you have any plans for the summer? Ye, 112) oscen . Gust/buy) a plane ticket to Madrid, 'm planning to go and stay with my friend Pedro for a month That's good. Pedro isa lot of fun. Send me an email when you have some time. OK, | will. Speak to you soon. Underline the correct tense. Jenny has come/came back from her holiday in Tahiti yesterday, The Robinsons don’t live here any more. They moved/have moved to Liverpool two years ago. Mitchell left/has left for the airport three hours ago. When we were on holiday, we have walked/ walked for two hours every day. Anna has decided/decided that from now on she will recycle paper and plastic. Alex didn’t make/hasn’t made any plans for his birthday yet The children saw/have seen lots of exotic animals at the zoo last Monday. ‘When John has heard/heard the joke, he couldn't stop laughing, Correct the mistakes. | did already cleaned my room Have they ever see a lion? 5 We have moved here two years ag0. ssn They have make a lot of money. ‘Tom hasn’* finished his lunch just. ‘My mum's just came back from China. ‘My dad has went fishing Have you ever travel to Egypt? Ben and | get married last year. Jenny is lived in Germany for five years now. » have In pairs, act out dialogues, as in the example. * go abroad (where) ‘+ meet a famous person (who) * travel by boat (when) ‘© be in hospital (why) Have you ever been abroad? Yes, | have, Where did you go’ | went to Canada. ete 3940 6 Match the items in column A to column B to make sentences. A d] They didn’t go to Spain Jenny stayed at home Ihave never been Chris hasn’t spoken Kelly lived in London ‘haven't travelled She finished her homework lS) [>] [2] [2] [2] [5] [S Ted has called you | Circle the mistake and then correct it, as in the example. MMe Thomson played football for a big team when he younger. > was They have- gone to the USA last summer and Drqyabt back a tot of souvenirs... Chris neve use a computer before, so he asked me to help him. ssssesssssseseeereeeees Steven and Dora boygit @ new puppy and they have brought it home yesterday As Te hag tarted raining an hour ago, B: Yes, but it has stopped now. B Austin waked for our company for si years. He gs been here since he finished university. .......+. ‘A: | called you last night-but you weren't home. A B: | have been at the cinema. B t La tore. eee \b_ abroad since 2000. 8 | have tried watersting but | haven't been good a atit. 9 The bookshop sold two hundred copies of this A ‘new book since it opened this morning. B 10 They haven't see each other since December, A when they mat at John's party. 8 Circle the correct item, as in the example. 1 I've ...... posted the letters. A yet @® just 2. Have you A yet B just 3 Tina hasn't finished her exams: A yet C already B just D for 4 svn YOu seen Philip yet? A Did C Have: B Does D Are- a lot of pictures so far. 10 € takes B has taken D was taking Peter ....., the newspaper, then he went to bed. A read was reading B reads D has read A gets C is getting B got D has got Have you heard from Peter A already C never B ever D yet Complete the second sentence so that it ‘means the same as the first. Use up to three words, It last rained three weeks ago. ‘It ® hasn't rained for three weeks. | saw George last Monday. 1 .- George since last Monday. Sally hasn’t played tents for two years. Sally last .. two years ago. It’s been three weeks since | last spoke to Jim. 1 for three weeks. ‘The last time he acted was five years ago. He vsssssseesneeseeseseetsrsneens fOF five Years. David hasn’t called his brother since Friday. to Jim David last is brother on Friday. ‘They came at 5 o'clock and they’re still here. 5 o'clock. Ben js still decorating the house. Speaking ) Work in pairs, Ask your partner questions to complete the questionnaire, Questionnaire How many times this month .. © goto the cinema? * goto the beach? * help withthe housework? © visit grandparents? * play computer games? ‘A: What's your name? B Where were you born? b) Use the completed questionnaire to present your partner to the class. Writing Use the questionnaire from the Speaking activity to write a short profile about your partner. 4feo°codoym atm el e- (AEN 1 ® Present perfect Czas present perfect 1 Read the article below and find examples of: * actions which happened at an unstated time in the past © actions which started in the past and still continue © experiences Which tense is used? What time expressions go with this tense? Wl ate ane cheap! ‘As a travel writer, | have been on many different types of holiday before, but nothing compares to the time | have spent so far at Necker Island in the British Virgin Islands, | have been here for a week now and let's just say that I don’t want to go home! It all started last week when my boss asked me to visit this wonderful island to write an article about how the rich and famous spend their holidays. She didn’t need to ask me twice! | went home, packed my bags and drove to the airport! ‘A British tycoon, Richard Branson, has owned the ‘sland for around 20 years now. Since then he has spent a fortune tuming it into a small paradise. Having a whole island to yourself doesn’t come cheap though. The island has accommodation for 24 people and it fs all yours for the bargain price of 46,000 dollars a night. For many years now Necker Island has been a favourite destination of the rich and famous. A lot of celebrities have stayed here, including Princess Diana, Mariah Carey and Oprah Winfrey. So, what have | done so far? Well, | have already walked around the island and | have taken lots of pictures. | have also swum at the gorgeous beaches. Ihave done a lot of water sports from scuba diving to deep-sea fishing. | have to say that if money is no as you must put it on your list of places to go. (Units 6-8) 2 [71] We had fish for dinner last night. '* Present perfect vs past simple Czas present perfect i past simple Name the tenses of the verbs in bold in the sentences (1-3) and then match them to their uses (a-c), Find examples of each in the article, ve lived here since 2004. He worked at that bank for five years. fan action which started in the past and stil continues in the present an action which happened at a stated time in the past actions which started and finished in the past. Put the verbs in brackets into the present. perfect or the past simple. Roger (go) to a football match yesterday. My brother veveesesssernse (not/play) the piano since he was eleven. tg (just/read) this book, it’s interesting. .- (Mark/paint) the kitchen yet? ANT ssc eeseesees (live) in this house for three years now, The train (arrive) at the station at 5 o'clock yesterday. She... sseuseees (@xercise) since 8:00 and now she’s exhausted. We .. - (not/see) Billy for a long time. They . (graduate) from university four years ago, We .. (be) friends since we were children, Underline the correct word in bold. ‘My sister has just/ever joined a gym. haven't been well for/since Monday. ‘Tom has been in Madrid for/since two weeks, Nancy has already/ever bought new shoes for the party. Have you yet/ever tasted indian food?1 10 "1 2 B Circle the correct item. A Do ‘you go to the party yesterday? B Did © Does Emma’s the girt ‘A which, spent the summer in Japan. B who C where Katie and Ollie ....... three art galleries so far. A have visited B visited visits We .....+. to the cinema last night. A 90 B have gone C went {have lived in England A for B since C ever Have you ever ....... to Disneyland? A be B gone © been She ....... in this museum for ten years. ‘A has worked B working — C_ works She screamed ....... she saw a spider. A. until B when while Tusually ....... out with my friends after school, A hang B have hung Cam hanging Sarah waited at the bus stop A until B after ‘Anna was driving to York when she ...... an accident. A has B hashad — C had David A makes us breakfast yesterday. B hasmade C made Our teacher asked ....... why we were late. Aus B our C we 5 16 7 18 19 20 2 2 23 ry Revision (Units 1-8) have a swimming pool. A who B which © where The children ....... go to the opera. They don’t like it, A never B usually always Why ......- you keep my secret? Now everyone knows! A didn’t B don’t © haven't He ....... skiing in the past. A tried B try € tries ‘They ....... to Cairo tomorrow morning. A aregoing —B_went © have gone How long ....... Nina worked for that company? Ais B was has This is the best book I've ....... read. A never B ever © since Have you ss... tried sushi? A yet B never ever She ....... to Portugal tomorrow. A isflying —Bflies C flew They've been here....... a week. A since B yet C for Have you ....... Steve yet? A meet B met © meeting This book isn’t ........ It’s Laura’s. A my B mine c me Mark: — 25x4 100, 43Czasu past simple utywamy, méwige © czynnoseiach, keore: ‘© rozpoczgly sig i zakoficzyly w okreslonym momencie ww praestiosc. We went to the beach yesterday. (Czas jest podany. Caynnos¢ rozpoczeta sigi zakoviczyla w przesztosc.) Tom had his first birthday last week. ‘+ odbywaly sig jedna po drugie] w przesztosc First she paid the taxi driver and then she got out of the taxi. Okreslenia czasu typowe dia past simple: ‘ago, yesterday, last month/week, in 1998 itp. CCzasu past continuous uzywamyy, mowigco: © czynnosci, kt6ra odbywata sig w_ okreslonym momencie w przesiloSci. Nie wiemy kiedy ta ezynmose rozpocrela sig, ani kiedy sie zakofczyla. At 8 o'clock this morning, they were having breakfast. (Nie wiemy, kiedy zaczgli jes i kiedy skoniczyi.) st dweéch lub wigcej czyn- nosciach, ktére mialy miejsce jednoczeénie ww okresionym czasie ww praeszlosi. He was drinking coffee while he was driving. caynnosci praesalej, kx6ra przerwata inna czynnose. He was walking home when it started to rain, (Deszez preeszkodzit mu wspacerze) ‘Okreslenia czasu typowe dla past continuous: while, when, 0, ildayhight’ morning, all day yesterday itp. 1 a) Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous. iPlane}Makes}Emergency Landing ‘A commercial jt that 1) P was fying (fy) from Madrid to Paris 2) (make) an emergency landing at Barcelona aiport last right, Officials 3) (tol) reporters that smoke Maat « (come) from the engine soon aftr take off. The pilot 5) (try) to contact air ratic contol but count at first. At 10:59 pm he finaly got through and 6) (tet) them that he 7). (experience) engine problems He 8) (land) the pane safely at 11:26 pm. None of he 429 passengers on board were inured or 8) (need) medical treatment. A passenger, Jamie Simons, tld the reporters “We 10) (be) scae but noone 1)... (oanie) The pot and crew 12) (keep) us al calm’ b) Form complete questions to match the answers. 1 Where/commercial jet/fly? oa B: From Madrid to Paris, What/the officials/tell/the reporters? Asie. B: There were problems soon after take- off. How many passengers/be/on board? ee B: 129 passengers. When & where/‘the pilot/land/plane? 2: ea B: At Barcelona airport at 11:26 pm.Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous. ‘A: What 1) ® happened (happen) to you? BE (2p vesre .. (fall) off the ladder while 13) se . (Clean) the windows. A: Where 1). a sess (you/be) yesterday afternoon? | 2) (call) you but there 3) (be) no answer, B: 14) 5) me while | 6) the grass outside in the garden. Why? a T7)ia (have) nothing to do, sees (think) we could (be) at home but you (probably/ring) . (cut) g0 to the cinema. A: There 1). cut last night. B: Yes, I know. | 2)... (surf) the Net when the lights 3) ..cssseeesssee (go) out. - (be) a power A: So what 1) sore (happen)? Be We 2) sessstse . (walk) through the woods when we 3) (hear) someone scream, Underline the correct item, ‘susan was driving/drove to work when she was getting/got a flat tyre. He was leaving/left work and was going/went straight to the train station. ‘She was walking/walked in the park when a dog was attacking/attacked her. | was riding/rode my bike in the park when it was starting/started to rain. It was snowing/snowed all day yesterday so we ‘were not playing/did not play outside. She was making/made breakfast for her family ‘when a neighbour knocked at the door. 4 Claire called the fire brigade after she saw 4 fire in the building next door. After the fire, a fire fighter questioned Claire about what happened. Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past continuous. Where 1) ® were you (you/be) when you first 2. (notice) the fire? 13).. (be) in my kitchen and 14). (cook) dinner for my husband. 5). (yoursee) the fire from your kitchen window? Yes. 16) (take) something ‘out of the oven when | 7) s ‘ (hear) a loud explosion. | 8) (run) to the window and I 9 2 (look) outside. | 10) (see) flames coming from the 1st floor of the building. People 11) ovscsense (shout) and 12) (run) out of the building. What 13) .. 114). brigade immediately. Thank you. .- (yourdo) then? (Call) the fire Circle the mistake (4 or B), then correct it. ‘Mary was talking on the phone when the doorbell A was ringing. » rang oS ® Peter was studying wien his ster was Utening A to music. Laura was apening the door and walked into the house. 4546 White we were on hotiday we were A spending most of the day lying on the beach. At8 pm last night, Tony was A ‘cooking diner white Eri watched wv... While Liz was planting roses, Bill A washed the car. B Complete the sentences with your own words. 1 was watching TV when » the earthquake happened. While Fiona was cooking dinner, 4s they were talking, .. Beth was milking the cow while ‘Tom turned on the radio Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words. Jason and Katie started playing tennis at 10.am and finished at 12 pm. Jason and Katie ® were playing tennis from 10 am until 12 pm. John waited for five minutes before Sally arrived. sally .. ust five minutes after John. She was eating her dinner when the phone rang. While she - dinner, the phone rang. 4° The children were still sleeping when we arrived. We arrived still sleeping. sess were 5 As Ben was sleeping last night, someone stole his bicycle. Ben was steeping last night ... his bicycle. Speaking Look at the pictures. In pairs, prepare a short story. Tell the class. Think about: people * place * weather ‘© what happened ® people’s feelings Use these verbs: surf, attack, lay down, swim fast, see, come to save > It was a beautiful sunny Sunday morning. Steve and Paul were having fun surfing in the sea .. Writing Use the information from the Speaking activity to write ‘a news report for the school magazine (50-80 words). Use Ex. 1a as a model.SARA REN TREE TT cccrscavossessconcnsaorspsccmssnccemescneeanesrssms Czasu past perfect utywamy, méwigc o: © ceynnosci, ktora miala miejsce przed inna czynnoscig przeszia He had atready gone to bed when his parents came home. (Poszedi spac, zanim wrécili rodzice.) | © ceaynnosei, ktbra zakoricaya sie. w przesalosc 1 ktorej skutki widocane byly w praesatosci Rita had broken her legs, 0 she couldn't walk UWAGA: W odniesieniu do przeszlosi czas past perfect jest ekwiwalencem czasu present perfect © ‘She had broken her leg, so she couldn't walk. (Zearzenie mialo miejsce w przeszlosci i jego skutki byly widoczne w praesztosci.) She has broken her leg, so she can’t watk. (Zdarzenie miato miejsce w przesztosci, a jego skutki sq widocene obecrie.) Okreslenia czasu typowe da past perfect before, ofter, already, for, since, just, tll/ until, when, by by the time, never itp. art mise at pers 1. The children ® had done (do) their homework by the time their mum came home. 2. The thieves (already/run away) when the police arrived. 3 She wee Gust/finish) her homework when | arrived. (Czasu post perfect continous wéywamny: © podkreslajgc, jak dhugo trwala czynnose poprzedzar Jaca inna czynnos¢ praeszta (2wykle 2 okresleniami since lub for). | io They had been saving money for eight years before they managed to buy a house. © méwige o ezynnosci, ktéra trwala przez jakig czas weprzeszlosc i ktére| skuti ‘widoczne byly w praeszlosci, He had been working hard alt day, so he was tired. (Pracowal praez caly dion i dlatego byt zmeczory) | UWAGA: W odhiesieniu do przesztosci czas past perfect continuous jest ekwiwalentem czasu present perfect continuous ‘© They had been waiting for hours, so they were bored. | (Caynnose trwala przez pewien czas w przesztosci {jj skutki widoczne byly w przeszloéci.) © They have been waiting for hours, 0 they are bored. (Caynnose trwata praez pewien czas w praesalosci, a jej skutki widoczne 59 obecnie.) Okreslenia czasu typowe da post perfect continuous: for, since, how long, before, until itp. 4. RobETt esesssseeseessseeseetnsesseens (NUMER) from Maria for ages before she called him. 5 After she .. (hang out) the washing, it started to rain. 6 She. . (tidy) her room before John came back home. 4748 Complete the sentences. Use the past perfect continuous. ‘Mum > had been working (work) at this company for 15 years before she retired. They .. sesessseee (Practise) for months before they went on tour. My family (live) in France for a long time before they moved to Greece. We .. (clean up) all morning before the party started. 1 (dance) for along time with them before | quit the group. Tony (run) in the rain, That was why he was soaking wet. Fill in the gaps with one of the verbs from tthe list in the past perfect or the past perfect continuous. @ listen © lose © noteat © pass ® revise ‘© see ® wait © work ‘Margaret was sad because she > had lost her dog, and couldn’t find it. Greeory was angry because he .. soo for is friend for over an hour. Scott was tired because he .. seseesees all days Fran had a headache because her brother to loud music the whole afternoon. Harry was frightened because he a ghost. Isabel was exhausted because she . for her test all afternoon. ‘Mary was thrilled because she ... her tests. Stella was hungry because she .. seseeecne anything since morning. 4 > > Complete the sentences. Use the past perfect or the past perfect continuous. Richard » had just eaten Gust/eat) when we came home. 3 sesesteeee (they/paint) the house all day yesterday? Sylvia and Tom .... (plan) their holiday for three months. Veaniia scaescinteacencro here for ten years before she quit. The secretary .. (not/write) all the letters by noon. How long.. (yourtve) in Canada before you moved to France? Imagine the situation, Complete the sentences. Use one of the verbs from the list. © paint # wait for ® play # work © cry # walk Her eyes were red because she ... > had been crying She was all wet because she .. He was exhausted because he She was very angry because she .. He was tired because he Her clothes were dirty because she ... Speaking In pairs, talk about what you and your classmates had been doing before coming to class. ‘A: Before coming to class, what had you been doing? B: | had been finishing my assignment. Writing Use the answers from the Speaking activity to write a short paragraph. Before | came to class, | had been ...(Units 9-10) p ® Past simple vs past continuous ‘Czas past simple i past continuous 1 a) Read the text below. Underline the verbs in the past simple and circle the verbs in the past continuous. Which past simple verbs are ‘regular? Which are irregular? How do we form the negative and interrogative of the past simple and past continuous? 4Weather/Blamed (for, Boating Accident Two teenagers are recovering in hospital ater their boat sank on Friday afternoon. When they let to go sailing on Friday morning, the sun was shining and the sea was calm, but ail that was about to change as the boys had forgotten to check the weather reports the night before. As they were sailing in deep water a mile from the beach, the weather suddenly changed. ‘The sky was turning grey and it was becoming windy, when the boys realised they should perhaps get back to the shore. However, a huge wave pushed their boat onto some rocks. The boat sank immediately and the | | boys fell into the water. fF The boys had been sitting on the rocks | | all afternoon, so they were cold and tired, L When the boys hadn't come home for dinner, their parents called the coastguard. | They had been searching fora while, when | they heard somebody screaming. The boys had seen the rescue boat and immediately started shouting. After the boys had got into the rescue boat, they were happy to be safe and promised to aways check the weather before they / took the boat out again. /| b) Match the verbs to the uses: an action which was completed at a stated time fn the past background information a past action that was in progress when another action interrupted it, actions which happened immediately one after the other Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past continuous. sam at the shops yesterday. My brother .. staits and hurt his arm. Do you know who Lil’s party last weekend? What... tthe lights went out? (Our neighbours .. see (work) in the garden all day yesterday, while we (paint) the fence. (spend) all his money (go) to .. (you/read) when © Past perfect vs past perfect continuous Czas past perfect i past perfect continuous Find the verbs in the text which are in the past perfect or the past perfect continuous. Which tense shows: a) an action that happened before another past action or before a stated time. ) anaction which lasted for some time in the past and whose result we could see in the past. ) the length of time of an action which started and finished in the past before another past action or a stated time in the past. Underline the correct item. Mark had been playing/had played the drums for so long that he got a headache. How long had you known/had you been knowing about this situation? ‘They hadn’t saved/hadn’t been saving any money, so they couldn’t buy a car. 1 had cooked/had been cooking dinner to have it ready before | went shopping. 4950 1 10 " 12 B Circle the correct item. | sessss my grandma last weekend, ‘A was visiting B visited — C am visiting ‘What fs the name of the river ..... flows through London? A which B who C where Do you have today’s newspaper? YeS! I essen ft this morning. ‘A ambuying —B bought —C_was buying Where's Natasha? She's ....... in the garden. A playing B plays C played Do you want to see ....... holiday photographs? A my B me ca ‘ike people ....... are nice and friendly. ‘A where B which © who Sam ....... breakfast when the phone rang. A ishaving —B_ was having C had We ....... dinner in half an hour. A arehaving B had C have That's the restaurant he had his birthday party! A who B where C which They «sss. to Greece on holiday last year. It was great! A 90 B went were going | promise to call you ....... | finish my homework. A while B until © assoon as Do you...» Pop music? A liked B like © king He ....... walking his dog when it started to rain. A were B was Cc is 16 7 18 19 20 2 2 23 24 25 .. Our friends for lunch yesterday. B meet C_ was meeting She ...... tells lies. She's a very honest person. A usually B always C never Alex and | ....... to the cinema tonight. Do you want to come? ‘A aregoing —B_go is going She was dirty because she ....... in the mud. ‘A had been playing B played Chas played Tom ....... has chicken for dinner. He doesn’t like it. A always B never often What time ....... he come home last night? A did B do © does Susan ....... at the moment. A isstudying B studies studied ‘Ann was steeping .. plants. A while Laura was watering the B until ors She left an hour .. A last B before ago How long ....... English? ‘A. you have studied © have you been studying B you study . people were at the party? ‘A Howfar = B_ Howmany C How much Look at A she © hers Mar: 3x4 100‘© Caas future simple tworzymy za pomoca czasownika modalnego will oraz crasownika glownego. (Cras ten ma taka sama forme dla wszystkich os6b liceby pojedyncze i mnogie} 1'll go to France this summer, She'll make a cake this afternoon ‘© Weytaniach will stawiamy przed podmioter, Will you watch the football match tomorrow? ‘© Wrzeczeniach po will dodajemy not. Forma skrécona od will nt to won’. The children will not/won't like this toy. | Edaniawordzgce | Bdanapreecrge will not/ \/You/He/She/It/We/They —will/’Il_ walk I/You/He/She/It/We/They_ won't walk - Zdania pytajace Will I/you/he/she/it/we/they walk? No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they won't. Zastosowanie © obietnice. Caasu future simple utywamny, wyratajac: PU help you ‘© spontaniczne decyzie. with your a homework This necklace is beautiful. PU buy it UWAGA: Czasownik will czesto jest utywany: ‘© zczasowmikami hope, think, believe, expect. ‘© -zwyrateniami 'm sue, 'm offaid. ‘¢-zpraysiowkami probably perhaps © praewidywania, opinie i wyobrazenia na ‘temat praysdlosci Her teacher thinks she'll be a great pianist I'm afraid we cone day. won't be on time for the meeting. © grodby i ostretenia, Stop talking or lt send you out. Okresienia czasu typowe dia future simple: in « (little) while, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in two/three days’ time, next week/month/yecr, tonight, soon, this evening, in a week/month/| year itp. | 51Read the sentences below and mark them a a, b or ¢ according to what they express. a prediction based on what we think or imagine b promise € on-the-spot decision 1. I'm thirsty. PUL buy an orange juice. 2 Don’t worry Mum, I'll be careful. 3. I think he'll be back before midnight, 4 People will tive in underwater cities in 2088. 5. Without a doubt, Tony will like the blue jacket best. 6 | think you will enjoy this show, Is that the phone? I'll get it! ’U do my best to win this competition, me 2 ‘Match the items, as in the example. 52 a won'tgo —¢ ‘Wopen will win b ‘be @ ‘Whave f won't come Liesl Leave now or you .. late. He thinks his team ....... the game, 3]_] Tidy your room or you ....... Out. [47 _] It’s hot. 1........ the window. [51_] tm thirsty. 1 a glass of water. 6] ] I'mafraid he ....... tomorrow. 3 Answer the questions about yourself using/ think, hope, | believe, I expect, probably, perhaps, as in the example. 1. Who will get your vote for class president? > | think 'l vote for Kasia. 2. What will you buy your mother for her birthday? 3 Where will you be at 4 0’clock tomorrow afternoon? 4 Wihen will you next vist your grandparents? 5 Where will you go on holiday? 4 evounen Sonia, a famous fortune teller, has given her predictions for the year 2030. Put the words in the correct order to form her predictions. Mexico/an/earthquake/city/the/ will/hit/of > An earthquake will hit the city of Mexico. tsunami/huge/Japan/a/will/hit engineers/flying/develop/cars/will be/volcanic/will/there/eruption/large/a/ Indonesia/in housework/rabots/our/do/will/alt die of /serious/ people/won't/diseases a) In pairs, ask and answer questions, as in the example. go to the cinema/weekend? » A: Will you go to the cinema at the weekend? B: Yes, | will. (I'll go with my friends.) or No, | won't. (I'll visit my parents.) eat pizza/Friday night? go to university/after you finish school? have your own business/when you're 45? visit England/next summer? live by yourself/when you're 20? get a job/when you finish school? travel abroad/this summer? b) Talk about your partner's plans, as in the ‘example. > Maria won't go to the cinema this weekend. She'll visit her parents.Be goingto Zastosowanie Konstrukeji be going to utywamy: * opowiadaiaco planach i zamierzeniach na prayszlosé. ° WyTaiajac praypuszczenia na podstawie tego, co motemy zaobserwowt. They are going to buy a car. ‘Zdania praeczace | am not, He/She/'t fs not, We/You/They are not going to paint the house. ‘Zdania pytajgce ‘Am |, Is he/she/it, Are we/you/they going to paint the house? (Okrestenia czasu typowe dla konstrukcji be going to: in (little) while, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, intwofthree (ete) days’ time, next week/month/year, tonight, soon, this evening, in a week month/year itp. ‘What is going to happen? Use the phrases to complete the sentences. © buy/meat © take/taxi © play/golf have/baby * blow out/candles 3 Mina, 1 Ann » is going fo buy ‘some meat. 4 Beth .. Bae B332 a) George and his friends are going away this weekend. Look at the pictures and use the phrases to write sentences, as in the example. © go hiking © sing around a campfire ® stay ina chalet «© visit a deer park ® watch wild birds ride their bikes b) What are your plans for next summer? > Next summer, | am going to travel around Spain with my best fi 3 Use the words to make questions and then answer them about yourself. 1 you/going/birthday/next/a/to/are/party/for/ 3. meet/are/your/going/this/to/weekend/friends/ have/your ? you? > Are you going to have a party for your next a ‘ birthday? ne . Yes. am going to have a big party and jivite 4 are/abroad/you/to/ year /travel/going/ next? all my friends. 2. are/the/summer/you/ grandparents/going/ with /to/spend/holidays/your? 54Konstrukeji be going to utywamy, wyratajac: ‘© plany i zamierzenia na prayszloSé. . ‘Now that she has a job, she is going to buy her own house. . Now that he has the money, he is going tobuy 0 Ferrari. przewidywania na podstawie tego, co mozemy . zaobserwowat. She has studied hard. She's going to get ‘good grades. a ‘Czasu present continuous uéywamy, ‘wyraiajac ustalone plany na najbliésza praysztose. | He must hurry. He's having | a business meeting in an hour. 1 Fill in the gaps with will or be going to and the verb in brackets, as in the example. 1h B: I'm too tired to wash the dishes. Don't worry! Im "I wash (wash) them for you. I don’t want to tidy my room, If you don’t, 1 (not/let) you go to the cinema. s : Do you have any plans for this evening? Yes, 1 . (visit) my friend, Maria Can somebody answer the phone? (get) it. ‘What are you doing on Friday afternoon? La (have) lunch with a client. Do you prefer orange juice or Cola? 1 . (have) some orange Juice, please. SR ek PR oe EE Czasownika modainego will ubywary, wyrazaigc: spontaniczne decyzje. I'm tired. I" have a nap. przewidywania, opinie i wyobrazenia na temat przyszlosci. She'll become an excellent doctor, grodby i ostrzeienia. You'll hurt your back if you move this heavy sofa by yourself. obietnice | promise I'l be back on time. Circle the correct item. 1 They morning. A catch going to catch the bus to London at 8:30 tomorrow @® are catching 2 She has enough money now, so she that ‘computer. A is going to buy B buys C buying 3 I'm very tired. | ...... sleep early tonight. ‘A am going B goto C willgoto 4 Us... You as soon as | arrive at the hotel. A will call B called —€ call 5. We can’t come with you this weekend. We ... the children’s bedrooms. A are going to paint © will paint 6 Please tell me! | promise I. A didn’t B am not B paint tell anyone. © won't 5556 7 10 | ..-12+ do the shopping tomorrow. I'm tired now. A will B am C won't | think that the play ... i A will start B start € going to start Is he going to travel to Spain? Yes, A heisgoing BB heisn’t. «= C heis expect Bill ...... Us Soon, A iscalling B will call is going to call a) Use the verbs to complete Syivia’s schedule for next week. Then ask and answer questions, as in the example. © book * collect # meet * have ® buy ‘Monday — Katie's birthday present? > A: Is Sylvia buying Katie's birthday present ‘on Monday? B: No. She’s booking her flight to Australia. ‘Tuesday ~ Mum & Dad from airport? Wednesday — Emma and Alice for lunch? ‘Thursday — business meeting with Tom? Friday — flight to Australia? b) What are your fixed arrangements for next week? Tell your partner. On Monday next week, I’m going to my friend's house after school. On Tuesday Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. Kim plans on making a cake after tunch. After lunch, Kim is ® going ¢o make a cake, ‘My older brother refuses to take me to the cinema tonight. My older brother says Ne ..ssssesssesssteseeen : ‘me to the cinema tonight. | promise I will be on time tomorrow. | promise | tomorrow. Ben has arranged to meet Ellie later this afternoon. Deniettesie ra Ellie later this afternoon. Emma's intention is to start Spanish lessons this summer. Emma {5 «sess Spanish lessons in the summer. Speaking In pairs, ask and answer questions about your plans for this weekend, as in the example. Ask: late ‘© who/go with? © where/stay? © how/get there? © what/do? A: Are you doing anything interesting this weekend? B: I'm going to visit a friend in. Kent. etc Writing Use the answers from the Speaking activity to write a paragraph about your partner's plans for the weekend. This weekend, Ann is going tovisit @ friend in Kent.‘© Zdanie warunkowe sklada sig 2 dwéch exec: 2daria podragdnego zaczynajacego sig od if wyratajgcego warunek ‘oraz zdania nadrzednego wyrazajacego skutki spetnienia tego warunku. If you spend too much time in the sun,, \you will get sunburnt. zdanle podrzedne wyrazajace warunek ~ zdanie nadrzedne 1 Jeteli zdanie nadragdne (bez if) wystepuje jako drugie, stawiamy przed nim przecinek, If I forget her birthday, Tara wilt get upset. Tara wilt get upset if | forget her birthday. © Zamiastf... not moéna stosowae unless. Zdania zaczynajace sig od unless ‘q zawsze zdaniami twierdracymi. If the weather doesn't improve, we'll have to cancel the game. Unless the weather improves, we'll have to cancel the game. Zastosowanle ‘© Zéania warunkowe typu 1. wyraiaja warunek modiiwy do spetnienia, If Cathy studies hard | najczesciej dotyczacy przysztosci, she will pass her exams. ‘© Zdania warunkowe typu 2. wyrazala warunek najczeSciej niemodliwy do spetnienia lub sytuacie hipotetyezng dotyczacq teraéniejszosci lub prayszlosci. Zamiast was w zdaniy podrzednym we wszystkich ‘osobach liczby pojedyncze| i mnogie| moina stosowat were. if |had the time, 1 would take up a sport. If he were here, he would help us. © Zdania_warunkowe typu 3. wyradaja warunek niemodliwy do spelnienia i dotyczacy praeszlosci. If | hadn't fatten, | wouldn't have hurt my ankle. If Thad a lot of money, I would visit Sycney, Austratia. ‘Zeanie podrzedne ‘Zdanie nadrzedne Typ 1. if present simple + future simple, tryb rozkazujacy, can/must/may Itp.+ czasownik Typ 2. if pastsimple + would, could, might + czasownik Typ 3. if past perfect would, could, might + have + imiestow bierny If Jane hadn't overslept, she ~ wouldn't have been late for work yesterday. SY:58 » If you want to go to 1 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. 1. A: How do I send an email? B: If you ® wait (wait) a moment, | m will show (show) you how. 2. A: Lam going to watch TV for a while. B: You. . (not/be able to) ‘get up tomorrow if you (G0) to bed late. 3. A: Ineed some help in the kitchen, B: Well, if you re) dinner, . (wash) the dishes. 4. As How long will you stay in France? BI. (not/stay) long unless |. . (find) a cheap hotel. 2 Fill in the gaps with if or unless. 1. rlonly call you ® if there fs a problem. 2 sssessecse YOU Want @ NeW computer, you had better save some money. you don’t leave at once, youl be late. 4 Ti have that last piece of cheese «sss don't want it. 5 Wl come with you to the doctor .. want to go alone. 6 | will join you later ......sa+ | have too much work to do, 7 {can lend you my umbrella 8 | won't talk to you again .. me the truth. . you need it. you tell 3 ‘Comment on the statements, as in the example. 17 Iwant to goto need to see Russia by plane. the manager. Go (book a ticket) (make an appointment) Russia by plane, you . must book a ticket. (research on the Internet) want to be a lawyer. | want to find out more about global warming. (go to university) I don’t feel (see a doctor) well. ‘Match the phrases in column A to the ones in column B. Then, ask and answer, as in the example. A B Te] goto Athens a have a party 2]_] win £10,000 b g0 for a walk visit the Parthenon ir degree pa d_ get a good job aL a) pass my exenns e travel around the 5]_] finish your eile homework early > A: What would you do if you went to Athens? B: If went to Athens, I'd visit the Parthenon. Underline the correct item. If there will be/were no oll in the engine, the car ‘would break down. I Mark finishes early, he takes/will take us out. If you wanted to go on a ghost tour, you could ‘go/will go to Edinburgh. You burnt/will burn yourself if you're not careful. If |had a toothache, | would go/will go to the dentist. Hf the polar ice caps melt, sea levels will rise/rises. If Sam repairs/will repair the car, we will go for adrive, If you needed money, you could get/will get @ part-time job.6 ‘Match the situations with the actions, asin the example. [a calla doctor \\b_ save some money first z 3 aero _geta drink 5 ane anes d_open the window. computer \e have arest > if am thirsty, | will get a drink. 7 What would you do if... 1. you found £10 in the street? 2. your parents went on holiday? 3 you lost your pet dog? 4 you failed your English exam? 5 you met a famous person? 6 you saw someone cheating in an exam? 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense to form conditional types. > If I were you, I'd eat fewer sweets. 1 If she had saved (save) some money, she (be) able to buy a car. (close) the gate, (not/get) out. 3 + (visit) him (know) he was in hospital. 4 . (pass) the exam (study) harder, 5 seses (Bet) lost if (take) a map with her. 6 (not/miss) the bus (leave) on time. 71 ffl. (go) to the party ++ (not/be) il. 8 Ifl Aknow) it was his birthday, | . (send) him a card. 9 He (not/break) his leg ‘fhe so. (not/fall) off the ladder. 10 IYOU ssssen (not/be) in such a hurry, Nolen (not/leave) your keys. 9 Read the story and write Type 3 conditional sentences, as in the example. ‘Tom’s car dda’ stat one morning, He decided walk to work. He found a pound coin on the street: ‘He went into a shop and bought a lotery ticket. He won the lotery and bought a new car and a big house. > If Tom's car had started, he wouldn't have walked to work. 1 0 Complete the sentences. If hadn't been tired, If you had reminded me, ...... If she had known, It he had studied, If they had told us the truth, If Jane hadn’t left, If Peter had met Alice, .. If Thad had a camera, .. Speaking What advice can you give your friend who wants to lose weight? Tell your partner. > If Iwere you, I'd eat fewer sweets. Writing Use your answers from the Speaking activity to write a short email to a friend about what to do to'lose weight, 59 eNounaunasKonstrukcje I wistif only wyrataja tyczenia, 4 Jeteli2yczenie odnosi sig do teraéniejszosci, np. Zyczymy sobie, zeby cos byfo inaczej, nit jest w rzeczywistosci, wowczas z konstrukciami tymi udywamy czasu past simple, I wishiif only I was/were rich. (Nie jestem bogaty/a.) 4 Jeteli zyczenie dotycry praeszlosci, np. ZyczylibySmy sobie, teby cos sie wydarzylo Jub nie w przeselosci, utywamy czasu past perfect. | Lwish/if onty had tistened to your advice. (Nie postuchatervam twoje|rady) { wish/if only | hadn't said anything. (Niepotraebnie sie odezwatern/am.) (© Jeteli zyczenie dotyczy zmiany czyjegos zachowania lub jakiejé sycuaci, uaywamy czasownika modalnego would, Po zaimkach | oraz we czesto zamiast would wystepuje could | wish/If only it would stop raining. (Byloby dobrae, gdyby praestato padaé.) | wish/If only Paul would stop talking in class. (Bytoby dobrze, gdyby Paul nie rozmawiat podczas 2aje¢) | wish | could travel abroad. 1 Paula is ill, She has to stay in hospital. Read what she says 2 a) Read the wishes. Which and make sentences, as in the example. refers to: the present? ‘the past? —------~ 1. If only | had some money. 2 I wish | were taller. I've got a temperature. 3 wish | hadn’t crashed my car. Ihave to stay in bed. 4 | wish | could speak French. have to take medicine. Ihave to stay in hospital. b) Which sentences: Ihave many visitors. - | want to get better quickly. ‘© express a regret about ~ something that did or J want to go home. es a i I can’t go to work. s fidn’t happen in the past? ? © express a wish that something was different in the present? » I wish i didn’t have a temperature. Write similar sentences about yourself, eNoueune 60Change the wishes into full sentences, as in the example. 4. Iwant to go Sh 2. Ineed to get e a good job. 6 [don't eam Dich enough money. ~, 5 lost my pure. gs 4. [failed my driving test. 1b She wishes she could goto Spain. 2 3 4 5 6 4 Use the situations to make sentences. Start with | wish/if only. © I didn’t pass my exam. © didn’t wake up early. © I don’t have enough time. © It’s raining * Ihave too much homework to do. * | haven't got enough money to go on holiday 1» Jwish | had studied more. If only | had studied more. oun What could these people wish for? Make sentences. Use the verbs. © miss buss ® find taxi ® find job ® win match, © have friends ® have a headache Speaking In pairs, take turns to tell each other a wish, a regret, an imaginary situation in the past, as in the examples. > A wish Iwas rich, If only/l wish | hadn't overstept this morning, If I hadn't oversiept, | wouldn't have been late for school. Writing Use your answers from the Speaking activity to write a paragraph about your partner's wishes and regrets, > Ann wishes she was rich. 6162 B: A B: 3A: Take an umbrella with you. It .. 8: A © Be going to, will, present continuous Be going to, wll, czas present continuous Read the email and look at the highlighted verb forms. Which expresses: ‘an on-the-spot decision? prediction based on what we think or imagine? ‘prediction based on what we can see? a future plan/intention? a promise? a fixed arrangement in the near future? Dear Harry, How are you? Sorry | haven't written for a while but I've been really busy at college. | wish | didn’t have so much work to do. If I didn’t have so much work, | would write more often. ‘We are having career interviews next week. The Guidance Counsellor is going to ‘help us decide what we want to do ‘when we finish school. | have always wanted to ya plane. So pethaps | will become a pilot! By the time I have finished studying, planes will probably be able to fly themselves! It was my birthday last week and | would have had a party if |hadn‘t had so many tests. Anyway, my parents gave me an MP3 player. However, Mum will take it away from me if | use it too much. will go now, as | have homework to do and if | don’t study ‘enough, | will fail my exams! | want to go and play football later with my friends. It looks like it is going to'rain so | must get started, I promise Pll write again soon once the exams are over. Write soon, Danny 2 Fill in the gaps with will or be going to. Then identify the use in each sentence. 1. A: There's someone in the garden. a go check. Please stop talking oF | .....sseseesessssees have to punish you. 3 Sorry, Miss. . rain, : Thanks for the advice. : What are your plans for the summer? B: We . travel around Australia. (Units 11-13) wn= OO * AA: Shall | buy Mum some perfume for her birthday? that. © Conditionals/Wishes Zdania warunkowe Konstrukeje I wish//if only 2) Find the conditional and the wish sentences in the email. ‘What does each sentence express? How do we form them? b) Think of three more conditional sentences and two wish sentences of your own. Complete the sentences. iff] Ware youl, cPraltaetotttt hetos We can go Out, if ...sscesesesssssseees I'd have cooked dinner, if Unless you help me, IF it doesn't rain, .. If she had told him, Circle the correct word. | wish you will / would stop talking. | wish | would have / had a pony. Dad wishes he didn’t / doesn’t have to work, Tina and | wish we had / would have studied more,10 " 2 13 Circle the correct item. If you study hard, you .... ‘A would have B would . pass your exams. ¢ will ike people A who are polite and honest. B which C where It’s cold in here. |........ close the window. A won't, B will C going to What ....... Pat doing yesterday at two o'clock? A are B was © were They ........ to Spain last year. A 90 B been © went his homework at the moment. ‘A isdoing —B_ does did I wish he ........ us where he was going. A tells B told © had told Look at those dark clouds. It's ...ee. rain. ‘A goingto —-B_won't c will He was having a shower when the phone ‘A wasringing B rang ring Pete is wiz... on time for school. He's never late! ‘A sometimes B often C always have known Robert was six. A for B since © ever Can Ihave book back, please? A its B our c my Now that she has a good job she ........ move into, her own flat. ‘A are going to B is goingto C won't Revision (Units 1-13) 14 Ann usually her homework in the afternoons. A has done B does © did 15. Tom was sleeping ........ the fire started. A assoonas B until © when 16 If 1 ........ you, I'd tell him the truth. A were B am C had been 17 Honly 1 ...y..+. go to Italy. A will B could ¢ can to New York last week. B was flying flies 19. They ........ house next week. ‘A moved Bare moving © were moving © was living 21 We'll go cycting ........ it rains. A if B since © unless 22. This is the hotel ....... we stayed last summer. A which B where © who 23. She hasn’t called -.ussee + A yet B already just 24 If youlied to him, he -....- angry. ‘A would have been B was © would be 25. Give me aring ........ you finish work. A just B when until (ere a) 25x4 100 63| Have to | © Caasownik have to wyraia | koniecznose. A policeman has to wear uniform at work. ‘© Formy praeczace czasowmika have to wyraiaig brak koniecznosci You don’t have to work tonight. ‘Must — Mustn’t © Czasowik must wyrata zobowiazanie lub koniecanose. You must wear a helmet when you ride ‘a motorbike. ‘© Czasowmik must/mustn't wyraia rad. You must see a doctor about that cough. You mustn't teli ties. © Czasowmik mustn't wyraia zakaz, You mustn’t drive over 20 mph here. UWAGA: Czasownik must wystepuie tylko w czasie teratniejszym. W czasie przesalym lub przyszlym nalezy stosowat odpowiednie formy czasownika have to. She will have to hand in the report tomorrow morning. (czas future simple) He had to work late yesterday. (czas past simple) Can —Can’t ‘© Czasowmika can utywamy, pytajac 0 pozwolenie i udzilajgc pozwolenia. Can | play with the ball? You can use the computer if you need to, © Czasoymika can’t utywamy, odrmawialac pozwolenia. You can’t play football here! © Caasowmika can utywamy rownied, wyradaigc prosbe lub propozycie. Can you help me with this exercise, please? We can order a pizza if you want. © Proszgc_© pozwolenie, wyraiaigc progbe lub propozycie, utywamy réwniez czasownika could. Jest to forma bardzie| uprzejma nit can, Could | have the day off tomorrow? Could you find these people's telephone numbers, please? We could put an advert in the paper. Should — Shouldn't ‘Czasownika should/shouldn't uzywamy, udzielaic rad. You should drive carefully when the road is wet. You shoutdn’t sit in the sun. Can/Could, May/Might ‘Czasowniki can/could, may/might okreslaja prawdopo- dobiefisowo. Jt can get very hot in July. Brad is looking at his watch. He could/may/might be late for a meeting. ‘Could — Was/Were able to ‘Czasownik could/couldn’t opisuje: ‘© umiejetnos¢ posiadang w praeszlosc lub ej brak. James could play the piano when he was si. ‘© modliwose wykonaniajakiej$ czynnosci w praesztosci lub brak motliwosc. Sam couldn't go to the party yesterday because hhe was ill. CCzasowmik was/were able to informyj, de ktoé byt w stanie coé zrobié w okreslone| sytuaci w praesclosci pray czym wiazalo sig to z pewnym wystkiem, She had difficulty, but in theend she was able to do the exercises. prt one nA NAR A1 ‘Match the modal verbs in bold to their meanings a). You can go outside and play with your friends. | might finish my work by 4 o'clock. ‘You must be here by 8:30 tomorrow morning. You should accept the job. We could buy her flowers. What do you think? ‘You don’t have to cook dinner this evening. Can you take the rubbish out, please? You mustn’t walk on the grass. a obligation permission suggestion 1 prohibition © lack of necessity 8 advice request possibility 2 Choose the correct item. A: I don't feel very well. B: | think you should/can tie down for a bit. 2. A: Can/Must | bring my mobile phone to school? B: No, you can/can’t. You don’t have to/ mustn’t bring it to school. 3. A: Ihave to/can lose weight. B: You should/might join a gym. 4 A: Must/Can we take photos in the gallery? B: No, the sign on the wall says you don’t have to/mustn’t. : Were you able to/Can you finish the race? + Yes, but it was difficult. Pm really tired tonight. You should/have to have an early night. Dad, can/should we have a party on Saturday? Yes, but you'll have to/can clean up afterwards. 8 A: Where's Bill? B: He might/has be in the garage. 4 ‘You are going to the 9. A: Do we have to/should bring lunch with us? B: No, you don't have to/can’t because I've made sandwiches for all of us. ‘A: What are you going to do this afternoon? B: I’m not sure. | must/might go shopping. Circle the correct item in bold. You niusty can wear a seatbelt while in a car. It’s the law. ‘We don’t have to / can't wake up early tomorrow. It’s a holiday. ‘You mustn’t / don’t have to shout at the children. It upsets them. ‘Tom should / can study harder if he wants to pass his exams. You can / must leave early today if you want to. 6 You mustn’t / don’t have to enter the area. It’s forbidden. 7 Carol could / mustn't speak six languages. 8 If it gets colder tomorrow, it has to / might snow. beach for the day, Look at the list and make sentences with must and mustn't. 1m You must wear a hat. 65Always check the weather forecast [Z]_] Tell someone where you are going. [3]_] Take warm, waterproof clothing with you. [4[_] Never go sailing without a life jacket 5 |_] Never sal close to rocks. [S[_] Don't sail near swimmers. To_prevent a burglary «© fookthe doors and close all the windows when you go out «© hide a spare key outside your house because a burglar might find it «leave alight on when you go outa night ‘© leave newspapers on the doorway or leters sticking out ofthe leter-box ‘keep money or expensive jewellery in your house «© aska neighbour to keep an eye on your house while you ae out 7 itn tne gs win ne expresonsin he is. ‘Then, match the sentences to the responses. * you don't have to © can ® must @ could © mustn’t © dowe have to [15-3] > Can | go to Mark's party this weekend? . to bring a camera. | have one. do that again. It was very naughty. pay for swimming lessons? you help me with these books? +» pay the bills today. GO. fo a Yes, they aren't free. b Maybe. We'll see. © Ohthat’s great. 4 Of course | will. eI know. | won't forget. £ 'msorry! 66 5 ‘Match the sentences a-f to the rules in the box, then act out short dialogues. It could get cold. You might get into trouble and nobody will know where you are, You could sail into a storm, You could hurt somebody. You might fall into the water and drown, You could hit one and destroy your boat. aman > A: Why should | always check the weather forecast? 8: Because you could sail into a storm. » To prevent a burglary you should lock the doors and clase alt the windows when you go out. You shouldn't hide @ spare key ‘outside your house because ‘a burglar might find it 8 Choose the correct item. 1 . you make a photocopy of this, please? A. Should @® could —¢ Must 2 You ...... take things without permission. A. mustr’t B couldn't C don't have to 3. Fortunately, he didn’t ...... see a doctor. A have to B must = C may 4 Tanya A an to beat her opponent. B should © was able 5 You. A. don’t have to C can't bring an umbrella, It’s not raining. B mustn't 6 You can go but you A. might9 Rewrite the sentences using the modals. Speaking © must(n't) ® should was able to * may Read the swimming pool rules. Then, in pairs, * could(n’t) © can don’t have to ask and answer questions, using the appropriate modals. 1. Perhaps we will have a barbecue on Saturday. > We may have a barbecue on Saturday. 2. Do you mind if | use your phone? 3. It's very important to be on time for work. 4 You are not allowed to park your car here. 5 [had the ability to finish the race. 6 It’s not necessary for you to buy them a gift. 7 It’s possible that Peter will be late this evening. 8 | advise you to follow a healthy diet. 9 When | was seven, | didn’t know how to ride a bike. 1 ‘Complete the second sentence so that it ‘means the same as the first. Use up to three words. 1. Itisn’t necessary for you to attend the seminar. ‘You » don’t have to attend the seminar. 2. Students are not allowed to eat in the classroom. > A: Can children age 12 and under use the poo! alone? Students .. san eae K Gadeant B: No, they can't 3. It's not a good idea to spend so much money on writ oe ee rnceisce dee encengses fei $0 TIC ng money on clothes. Write a list of driving rules using the phrases 4 | think it will be a good idea if you join a gym. below. | think gym. © wear a seatbelt * use a mobile phone 5 st the law to play loud music at ma i patecirtaan HG Salta acsiciaicigies ‘ follow the speed limit ® drink and drive 6 It's OK to borrow my bike. seat imybike, While driving you must wear a seatbelt. you mustn’t use a mobile phone. 6768 Mowa zalezna to przytoczenie czyjeié wypowiedz. 'W mowie zalezne| nie uzywamy cudzystowu. Praytoczong wypowied# wprowadza takie czasowmiki, jak say lub tel, poktérych mate, ale nie musi pojawié sig spéjnik that. She said (that) she was happy. Say — Tell © Wyrmieniaigc osobe, do ktérej kierowano wypo~ wiedt, po czasowniku say dodajemy to. She said she was happy. She said to me she was happy. © Wymieniaige osobe, do ktérej kierowano wypo- ‘weds, po czasowniku tel nie dodajemy to. She told me she was hungry. Mowa zalezna — zdania twierdzace | przeczgce Jeteli czasownik wprowadzajacy czyias wypowieds jest Ww caasie praesalym (np. soid), wowezas pray prze- ksztalaniu zdania 2 mowy niezaleinej w zaleing ‘zachodza nastepuigce zmiany czasow gramatycenych: "My plane lands at 6 pm,” he said. “Lam flying to Rome today,” he said have done my He said (that) his plane landed at 6 pm.. He said (that) he was flying to Rome that day. "| walked home,” he |He said (that) he i (had) walked home. | “Lwas sleeping,” he | He said (that) he was "will see you He said (that) he tomorrow,” he said. |would see me the | next day. Zimiane ulegaja take stow i wyratenia okresljace czas. now then t 7 today, tonight, hea ea that day, that night, Tnomtvyear that week/month/year | the day before, the “yesterday, previous day, the week last week before, the previous week ea ‘the next/following day, eee the following week, the | week after before there that, those go W mowie zaletne) wprowadzane| czasowmikiem w czasie przeszlym zachodza nastepulace zmiany czasownik6w could might had to ‘W mowie zaletnej nalety réwniet odpowiednio zmienit zaimki osobowe i drieréaweze oraz praymiotniki der awere. “'m having my lunch,” Suzy said. Suzy said (that) she was having her lunch.3E vols TOVT Aiaow TS TS TT TT waun No Mowa zalezna - zdania pytajace ‘© W = mowie zaleine} przytaczane pytanie motna wprowadzié np. za pomoca wyrader ask lub want to know. Naleiy zastosowaé szyk zdania twierdzacego, nie nalety stosowa€ pytajnika. "How old are you?” Paul asked Kim. Paul asked Kim how old she was. © Wpraypadku pytaf szczegbtowych, zaczynajgcych sig ‘od who, where, when, why, what, how itp.,. w mowie zaleéne| pojawia sig ten sam zaimek lub wyrazenie, kere rozpoczynalo pyranie, "What is your name?” he asked. He asked what her name was. © Pyrania ogéine w mowie zaletne| wprowadza sig za pomocgiflub whether. "ls he your brother?” he asked. He asked iffwhether he was her brother. Fill the gaps with say or tell in the correct form. BOD seevsssseeve me that he was having ‘a great time at the party. Jim that he needed a holiday. VU call you later,” Lyn... .-+ tome. Bill ‘Sue to meet him at the station. Kathy tome that she was going home early that day. Phil. them to stop annoying him. He ‘me to meet him outside the cinema. He .. tome he was having dinner with Billy. Jane me she had finished her homework. Peter to David he would be back before lunch. Mowa zalezna - tryb rozkazujacy ‘© Wowie zaleznej w zdaniach w trybie rozkazujacym ‘wystepuje Konstrukcja order/telVask/beg itp. + sb + (not) to + czasownik. “Sit down!” she said. She told/ordered them to sit down. "Please don’t tell anybody,” she said. ‘She asked them not to tell anybody. 2 Fill in the gaps with the correct pronouns or possessive adjectives. 11 Mark said, "I want to go out with my friends.” Mark said (that) ® he wanted to go out with > his friends. 2 "We are taking our dog to the vet,” they said. They said (that) ........ were taking .....- dog to the vet. 3. Jack said, "Ineed to buy a gift for my siste Jack said (that) .....1.. needed to buy a gift for sesnnes S8REF 4 "VU see you tonight at my house,” Jim said to me. Jim said to me (that) .. that night at ....... house. 5. “lam marrying Tom and we are for our honeymoon,” she said. She said (that) ‘was. marrying Tom and were going to Hawaii for honeymoon, ‘would see to Hawaii 6910 Change from direct speech to reported speech. 'm thinking of buying a new car,” he said. > He said he was thinking of buying a new car. "You can borrow my pen if you want,” she said. "call you tomorrow,” Kathy said to John. "We got married two months ago,” they said to us. "We aren't doing anything next week,” they said. "I'd like to go out tonight,” Toby said. “my sister is coming to visit me next week,” said John, "was washing my car when you called me,” said Dan, Tina said to me, "I'll tell Tom | saw you. The following people saw an accident in their town yesterday. Read what they said, and then report their words as in the example. It was very frightening. We were lucky that nobody was badly hurt. > John said that it had been/ was very frightening. They had been/were lucky that nobody had been/ was badly hurt. | saw the lorry coming down the hill. | was so scared | grabbed my daughter and ran into a shop. We stayed there until the police came. heard a lot of noise and people screaming. When I went outside, | saw that the lorry crashed into the wall of a house. The wall had fallen down but the people inside were not hurt. | couldn’t move. | saw the lorry hit my car. It was parked in High Street and then it was gone. It ‘was now just a lot of old metal! Underline the correct tense. What were the speakers’ exact words? ‘A: Peter needs some help with his car. B: Yes. He told me he couldn’t/wouldn’t start it. > I can’t start my car. : 1s Mary going to help us clean the house? B: No. She said she had to/will have to go to the doctor’ ‘A: What’s Sarah doing? B: She's sleeping. She said she had been feeling/ feel tired all day. ‘Where's George? B: He's coming, He said he was/is going to be late. ‘A: Will Sally be at the library today? B: Yes. She said she would see/saw us there.Yesterday, reporter Jack Carter interviewed Sophie Winters, a children’s nurse, He asked her the following questions. Turn them into reported questions, using ask as the reporting verb, "Why did you decide to be a children’s nurse?” "How long did it take you to train asa nurse?” “How many children do you took after?” "Do any of the children need special care” "is your job well paid” "What do you like about your job?” "Are you planning to do something different in tthe future?” Turn the following sentences into reported ‘speech, as in the example. Cross the road only on a proper crossing. > Mum told Sally to cross the road only on a proper crossing. Wait for the green man to light up. Look both ways before you cross. Keep looking both ways as you cross. Don’t run when you cross the road! Read the speech bubbles and match them to the sentences. Then complete the sentences in reported speech, as in the example. B___ “> You should c = ‘Why don’t you take a few days’ holiday? F Let’s go out “Turn the light ie H © Wnere aia VU talk to you buy this? 4 [>] Sarah was worried about her weight, 50 1. told her that she should exercise more. Z]_] It was getting dark, so | TT] Peter looked very tired, so. [4] Mary cooked us a delicious meal, so! .. 3]_] I needed to look up the meaning of a word, so 1 [ET] Helen did not want to cook, 50 I. T[_] | was busy when David came to see me, sol. B]_] Jane was wearing a beautiful new scarf, so Speaking In pairs talk about two things you did yesterday, two things you did today and two things you will do tomorrow. Then report what your partner says. > Tom told me/said (that) he had gone to school the previous day. Writing Now, write a short paragraph about your partner, based on the Speaking activity. Include direct and reported speech.Solectron (Unit Read the article below and underline all the modal verbs. Which one expresses: * advice ® lack of necessity * strong advice ® obligation ® prohibition TRAVEL AFRICA MAGAZINE Safety on Safari Lions, leopards, elephants, cheetahs ... for many people, a safari in Africa is the holiday of a lifetime! But with all those wild animals walking about, are safaris safe? The answer is yes! Provided you use your common sense, you will have a great time and come home with a lot of wonderful memories. Here, travel expert Henry Hughes gives his advice on staying safe on safari, “The first thing to remember is that you should always do exactly as your guide tells you. He will be very experienced and will know exactly what to do if a wild animal gets too close. You must listen to him! The second thing you should remember is that you mustn’t walk off ‘on your own. If you stay close to the group, nothing bad will happen to you. My next piece of advice is that some wild animals are dangerous, so you must respect them. 14-15) You mustn’t tease a wild animal or comer it. This is asking for trouble. Africa has many snakes, so if you go walking, you should wear a good pair of boots. Keep in mind, however, that snakes are very shy. If they see a human, they will usually try to get away as quickly as possible! So you don’t have to worry. The African sun is hot. To avoid sun burns, you should take a good sunscreen and a big hat. Mosquitoes come out at night, so you must remember to pack medicine and creams that will protect you against them. Finally, you should not forget that it is important to keep the animals safe, too! You mustn't give food to a wild animal, even if it looks hungry. When an ‘animal gets food from humans, it starts to lose its fear of them and this is very dangerous because it makes the animal a target for hunters. 2 Choose the correct modal verb. 1. You should/can put on sunscreen when sunbathing, We can/must do what the guide tells us. They don’t have to/can't do. that because it’s not allowed. We don’t have to/mustn’t wake up early tomorrow. It’s Sunday. Should/Can | take the day off? Do you think she should/must buy the. ‘more expensive watch? They must/can leave now if they want to catch their flight, Katie and Sam can’t/don’t have to eat the fish if they don’t like it. You shouldn’t/should be so impatient. You can/must go to the party on Saturday if you like. 3 2 © Reported speech Mowa zaleina 1a) What fs reported speech? How do tenses change in reported speech? How do we report questions? Orders? b) Change the sentences from direct speech into reported speech. "| am going to the zoo in the afternoon,” Tom said. “James sent you a gift for your birthday,” Mary said. "Lwon't go with you to the dance,” Jane said. “I have been to Africa three times this year,” she said. re you coming with us?” they asked. "Don’t touch the monkeys!” the guard said, "Ben was watching TV when you called,” he said.Circle the correct item. He... my friend for ten years. ‘A hasbeen Bis being Cis Do you know any museums Egyptian art? A where B I can see who which Jeff .. A visited C visits his uncle next Christmas. B_ is going to visit ‘As soon as we left, it -....+- t0 snow. ‘A wasstarting B had started © started 10 " 2 met the new manager. B since C yet Last Christmas, he ........ to go on holiday but he had no money. A haswanted — B_wanted was wanting only she earlier, We could have gone out, together. A came B hadcome ¢ comes Were James and Emma ........ the football match. at 9:00 pm last night? A watch B watched C watching Ifshe she would have passed the test. A studied B had studied would study ‘That's the boy likes to eat snails! A where B who © which “The letter arrived ....... we were away on holiday. A assoonas Bw until 3 14 15 16 7 18 19 20 24 22 2B 24 25 Revision (Units 1-15) That's the house he stayed while in London. A which B who C where You .. .. wear a hat in the sun! A can B could C should Lara is so patient! She .. . gets angry with anyone. A never B often € always The children ......... to ballet lessons on Wednesdays. A are going B go C goes seeseee YOU bring me a glass of water, please? A Can B Should C Must ‘She ....4.5. Me she would be late. A said B told C asked I feel cold. |... on the heater, A turned B will tum C turns He ... in Paris for 25 years before he moved to Amsterdam. A lived B has lived had been tiving He'll come .. .. it rains. A until B when C unless ‘She has been here .. May. A for B until © since Joan ‘come home late tonight. A may B should have to He the shopping when the lights went out, A did B was doing € is doing He asked ........ time it was. ‘A whether -B_ what cif mark: — \ 25x4 700 } Bae Comp: Zastosowanie © Stopies wy2szy przymiotnika vystepuje w poréw- raniach cech dwéch osbb,rzecry, migjsc itp. * Stopien wyaszy wystepuje w konstrukcjiz prayimkiem thon, ‘A mouse is smaller than a cat. © Aby okreslié, czy dwie osoby, rzeczy, miejsca itp. 4 podobne lub nie, uzywamy konstrukji (not) as + przymiotnik + as. Fiona is as clever as Sue Mark is not as thin as Steve. © Aby okresli, czy rétnica migdzy dwoma osobarmi, raeczami, miejscami itp. jest duéa, czy mala, udywamy konstrukcji much/a lot/far/a littlela bit/sightly + stopies wyészy praymiotnika + than. He's much older than her. Our car is a@ lot more-expensive than theirs. Olga’s bike is a bit less colourful than Maria's. © Stopien najwyzszy praymiotnika wystepuje w opisie cech jedne} osoby, rzeczy, miejsca itp. sposréd wigkszej grupy os6b, rzeczy lub mie)sc. Sue is the prettiest girl in the class. © Stopies najwyiszy wystepuje w konstrukeji the of... w odniesieniu do misc uzywamy przyimka in). He's the smartest student of all. Russia is the largest country in the world. Tworzenie ‘© Praymiotnikijedno- i dwusylabowe w stopniu wyészym maja koicowke iu najwyészym ~ konicéwke “est (2wykle poprzedzone 53 wOwezas praedimkiem the). tal — taller — the tallest rratomiast w sto © Praymiotniki 0 wiekszej liczbie sylab sq w stopniu ‘wyészym poprzedzone wyraieniem more, natomiast \w stopniu najwyészym — wyradeniem the most important — more important — the most important © Aby wyrazié maczenie praeciwne, _udywamy ‘odpowiednio less/the least, important — less important — the least important * Niektére przymiotniki dwusylabowe, takie jak friendly, clever, narrow, tworza stopieti wyészy i naj wyiszy dwojako: albo za pomoca kohicowek ~er/vest, albo wyraien more/the most. narrow narraw — more narrow — the most narrow narrower — the narrowest Pisownia © Do jednosylabomych praymiotnikéw zakoftczonych nna -e w stopniy wyészym i najwyészym dodajemy odpowiednio =r lub -st nice ~ nicer — nicest © W praymictnikach jednosylabowych, keére korieza sie pojedyneza spélgloska nastepujaca po krétkie| samoglosce, spélgloske te podwajamy. np. fat — fatter ~ fattest ALE cool coolest © W praypadku preymiotnikéw zakoriczonych na -y copuszezamy ~y i dodajemy ~ier-iest. lazy laziest cooler lazier Oxford Street is the busiest shopping street London,Praymiotnik Stopleh —_Stopief Praymiotnik Stopies Stopien | wyeszy _najwyészy _wyesey najyiszy Krétki slow slower theslowest fede less the least | praymiotnik fast faster the fastest a | Praymiotnik easy easier theeasiest Praymiotniki Ch! make Bees | zakofiezony busy busier the busiest nieregularne */0t of | navy “good __better_ the best er | tad worse Diutszy interesting more/less the mout/ praymiotnik ineeresting the least fr farcher/ inceresting further the furthest Prayktady konstrukej z przymiotnikiem (przystéwkie ‘very + praymiotnik/praystowek She was very rude. She behaved very rudely. *# (not) as + praymiotnik/praystéwek + as Lucy is not as tall as Beth. Tom can run as fast as Bill. | ‘© much + st wyiszy preymiotsialpraystéwka + than He seems much better today than yesterday. | It’s a bit warmer today than it was yesterday. © abit + st. wyészy przymiotnika/prayst6wka + than A eee 1 a) Complete the table. 6 Joe and Sam are both clever, but if you had to choose one, who would you say is .. a“ = soneaniats 7 Five hundred euros! That's ghsbesrive:| 5 Comparative than I thought it would be. Ee peDiaser 8 The children are... mare: qUIets than usual today. culate 9 My sister Lucy is, ‘ jounest: in my family. opensive 10 An elephant is... . than the most delicious ation. happy. Ee ree 2 Use the adverbs in the list to complete the sentences. Add any necessary words. messy good '® quickly * carefully * happily © slowly a aan easily # calmly ) Complete the sentences with adjectives from the table. Yum! That was > the most delicious dish | have ever tasted! 2 Mysister fs Her room is always untidy. than me. 3 Mount Everest IS sssssse +. mountain in the world. 4 James is . than ever. Just look at the smile on his face! Sg Mai i Scesteccertieactoesete player (on the team. Julia is walking » more quickly to school than usual. David passed the test than the last one. Sally is singing than yesterday. My sister drives all the members of her family. A snail moves much .. than a turtle. He was angry today and didn’t speak to us as as he always does. ve) . today3 Read the information below about three famous footballers, then complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in the list below. tall © short © old * young * heavy * little Fig Football Club: LA Galaxy Star Player: David Beckham Date of Birth: 2° May, 1975 Height: 1.83 metres Weight: 75 kilograms Football Club: Barcelona Star Player: Ronaldinho Date of Birth: 21% March, 1980 Height: 1.81 metres Weight: 76 kilograms Football Club: Manchester United Star Player: Wayne Rooney Date of Birth: 24!" October, 1985 Height: 1.78 metres Weight: 78 kilograms 1. Ronaldinho is older than Wayne Rooney. David Beckham fs the oldest of all. 2. David Beckham weighs ... than Wayne Rooney. He’s 75 kilograms. 3. Wayne Rooney is . David Beckham. He’s the youngest of all. 4 Ronaldinho is David Beckham. He’s 1.81 metres. 5) Wayne Rooney 15 viseseeeesnsee three. He’s 78 kilograms. 6 Wayne Rooney is not a5 ssscssssseesesneeeenneee BS David Beckham. He’s 1.78 metres. than 4 Choose the correct item. 1. I think Chinese is ...... difficult than English. A most B many © more 2. Thisis ..... pizza I've ever eaten. A the worst. B bad worse 76 Tina isn’t ...... her sister. A talented as C astalented as B talented than Is London ...... Paris? A the biggest B bigger C_igger than. Emma finds French ...... than English. A easier —-B_ more easily C easiest He is the A honest person | know. B_ most honest C more honest ‘Write comparatives or superlatives and then answer the questions. Which is ® the largest (large) planet in the solar system? GB) Jupiter ‘Which COUNtIY iS ....sssseesess (Dig) than Canada? B Neptune ¢ Saturn A China B Russia © Brazil ‘On which continent is. (high) ‘mountain in the world? A Asia B Europe Africa Which ocean is .. (small) in ‘the world? A the Atlantic B thePacific C_ the Arctic Which 8 sessssses (heavy) animal in the world? A elephant —B-blue whale C rhino ‘Make exchanges, as in the example. Athens / Los Angeles / polluted / city in the world > A: Athens is more polluted than Los Angeles. B: What? | think Los Angeles is the most polluted city in the world. Pirates of the Caribbean / Star Wars / good / film / ever made indy Crawford / Claudia Schiffer / attractive / ‘model / in the world Elton John / Robbie Williams / talented / singer / in the UK Selfridges / Harrods / busy / department store / ‘in LondonFill in the gaps with the correct form of the adjective/ adverb in brackets, adding any necessary words. It’s much cooler (cool) this week than it was last week. 2. The Ferrari is i sx (fast) car of all. 3. Could you speak sesssse (Clearly) I can’t understand what you are saying. 4 I think Maths is . (difficult) than Chemistry. 5. Karen danced sessseeeen (gracefully) than Louise. 6 Tomis abit ..+. (good) today than he was yesterday. 7 They can't afford to buy that house. It's .. ed . (expensive) house in the neighbourhood. 8 The planet Venus és not 8 Look at the table and compare the three restaurants. ‘Restaurants Tony's Pizza “Asian Buffet > The Clubhouse Restaurant is the most expensive of the three. The Asian Buffet is not as expensive as the Clubhouse Restaurant. Tony's Pizza is less expensive than the Clubhouse Restaurant. 9 Put the adjectives in the correct form. Dear Ann, ''m sorry | haven't written for a write, ‘my new jab as an office manager. Actually, but I've been really busy with , that's what I'm writing to tell ‘you about. AS you know, | left my job because A | got a much 1) » better eed ‘offer from my new company. I'm now working in a lovely office ey ~ (modern) building in the whole city. t's much +» (Close) and 4) : (Convenientiy) located to my house than my previous job. My office is 5). (spacious) (comorabie) than any oes ve na bey ; m before, so I'm realy hap tm I Ee, 7m w00 sasfed withthe money I'm caring. | get a much (high) salary now. However, | have to say (far) from the sun than Mars. { 0 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. 1. He’s not as good as | am at chess. Tam > better than him at chess. 2. I've never seen such a good film. That's film I've ever seen, 3 This dress is more comfortable than the other two. ‘Those two dresses aren't... ‘ . this one. 4 Those restaurants are more expensive than this one. This is restaurant of all. 5. Bicycles aren’t as fast as cars. Cars .. bicycles. Speaking Look at the famous people below. Use these adjectives to compare them. ‘talented © handsome © young clever ® successful ® funny serious © famous ® friendly > I think Rowan Atkinson is more talented than Leonardo DiCaprio. Writing Write a short article comparing two famous people from your country.‘Too wystepule przed przymiotnikiem lub przystowkiem, Ma znaczenie regatywne oraz informuje, Ze czegos jest zbyt wiele, wigce| nit potracba, too + praymiotniki/przystowek + bezokolicznik z to The soup is too hot to eat. (Jest tak gorgca, te nie da sie jejjeS.) + 100... (for somebody/something) + bezokolicznik z to The test was too difficult for me to do. (Test byl dla mnie zbyt trudny) “= Enough wystepuie przed rzeczownikiem oraz po praymiotniku lub praystéwku. Jenny is too tired to continue working. |W adaniach twierdzacych ma znaczenie pozytywne oraz informuje, Ze czegos jest tye, ile potrzeba. © enough + rzeczownik + bezokolicznikz to They have enough money to buy the house. (Moga kupié dom.) ‘© przymiotnik/praystowek + enough + bezokolicznik 2 to Frank sings well enough to be in the school choir. (Gpiewa wystarczajaco dobrze.) ‘Zdania przecaace z enough maja znaczenie negatywne. © not... enough + bezokolicznik 2 to She plays the flute well enough to win the competition He is not well enough to go back to school. (Jest nadal chory) 78 Rewrite the sentences using too and enough. ‘The room is very dark. We can't see anything. > It's too dark to see anything. 2. She's so ill. She can’t get out of bed. The bag is heavy. | can’t lift it. 4 Their garden is big. They can have the party there. We haven’t got much money. We can’t go on holiday. 6. Fred worked very hard. He won the first prize. 7 She isn’t very tall. She can’t become a model. 8 It's very warm. We can go to the beach. 9 He is very short. He can’t play basketball. 10 Bill is clever. He can pass the test. 2 ‘Complete the responses using too or enough. 1. Are you going out today? (cold) No, it's too cold. 2. Canwe all fit in your car? (big) > Yes, it’s big enough. 3. Is Harry going to come first in the race? (fast) Yes,4 Are you going to buy that car you liked? (money) No, .. és : om 5. Canhe move the desk by himself? (strong) Yes, Mit, 6 Did you go to the cinema last night? (tired) Noy -ssesaas a. 7 Can you reach the book? (short) No, ia Use the pictures and the prompts to make sentences using too or enough, as in the example. it/windy/go sailing » It is windy enough to g0 sailing Peter/tired/ work. * | the baby/young/to walk ‘Sue/tall/reach the top shelf the lift/small/fit all the people Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no more than three words. This skirt is too small for me. This skirt isn’t m big enough for me. Paul speaks so quickly that I can’t understand him. Paul doesn’t .. eevee for me to understand. ‘She is too young to drive. She isn’t se sessseeeneseee 10 OFNE, The test was so difficult that | couldn't finish it. The test Was... for me to finish. It’s too cold to play outside today. Iisn't outside today. This CD player is very expensive. We can’t buy tt. This CD player is .... for us to buy. ‘The questions were too difficult for the children to answer. ‘The questions weren't for the children to answer. It’s 50 dark that | can’t see. its to play ose fOF me to see. Speaking You went on holiday last month but you did ot enjoy it. Use the phrases to tell your partner about it, as in the example. * hotel room — small * beds — not soft * hotel food — not fresh '© swimming pool — crowded ® other guests at hotel ~ loud « flight — long > The hotel room was too small Writing Use the information from the Speaking. activity to write a letter to your English pen friend about your last holiday. 79Question tags to krétkie pytania dodawane do zdah twierdzacych i praecracych. Wystepuia gtdwnie w mowie Uzywamy ich, proszac np. o potwierdzenie informacii lub upewmiajc sig, czy cos jest 2gocne z prawda. These are your glasses, aren't they? © Question tag sklada sig z czasownika positkowego lub modalnego ‘odpowiedniego zaimka oscbowego. Gina is Italian, isn’t she? You can speak French, can’t you? © Question tag w zdaniach w czasie present simple sktada sie z do/does oraz odpo- wiedniego zaimka osobowego. W zda- riach w czasie past simple question tag skiada sie z did oraz odpowiediego zaimka cosobowego. Helen eats tiver, doesn’t she? Frank played football when he was young, didn’t he? © W adaniach twierdzacych question tag rma forme praeczaca. W zdaniach pre cezqcych question tag ra forme twierdae9, Janet loves dancing, doesn’t she? He won't come to the party, will he? * Question tag ma réwnied forme twierdzacq, gdy zdanie zawiera slowo lub wyratenie 0 znaczeniu negatywnym, inp. never, hardly, rarely, seldom. He never drinks milk in the morning, does he? © -W praypadku niektSrych crasownikow lub konstruke)i tworzymy question tags winny sposéb (zob.tabela). oraz She has got a lot of books, hasn't she? Giraffes eat leaves, don't they? Jam > aren’t I? Vm talt, aren't 2 tryb rozkazujacy + will/won’t you? ‘Stop yelling, will/won't you? Don't run, will you? Let’s + shall we? LLet’s go to the cinema, shall we? Ihave (got) + haven’t I? (= mam, posiadam) They have got a dog, haven't they? Ihave -+ don’t I? (inne znaczenia) She has a shower every day, doesn’t she? There is/are -+ isn’t/aren’t there? There is a child in the bedroom, isn't there? This/That is -+ isn’t it? This is Dora’s bag, isn’t it? ‘These/Those are -» aren't they? These are Dora's shoes, aren't they? Intonacja © Jedelijestesmy pewni odpowiedzi i oczekujemy tylko potwierdzenia, {question tag ma intonacjg opadajaca. These are horses, aren't they? Jeteli nie jestesmy pewni odpowiedzi, {question tag ma intonacie wanoszaca. She isn't studying at the moment, is she? 7i) Sowveusuns Underline the correct question tag. They have got many cats, have they/haven't they? We have never had so much snow, haven't we/ have we? That is a beautiful coat, fsn’t it/isn’t that? There are many trees in the park, isn’t it/ aren't there? Robert has a big breakfast every morning, doesn’t he/hasn’t he? ‘Sam and Pat went to ballet practice together yesterday, didn’t they/did they? The dog has buried his bone under the tree, didn’t he/hasn’t he? Close the window, don’t you/will you? Let’s stay home tonight and watch TY, shall we/ will we? Jake seldom wakes up late, doesn’t he/does he? Complete the sentences with the correct question tag. He loves football, » doesn’t he? Phitip doesn’t work on Saturdays, . You will go shopping, Let’s eat out tonight, .. Stop talking, We haven't got enough mit, They weren't at the party last John didn't go to Florida with Ann, am beautiful today, She can come to the funfair with me, .. Sores the sentences. She can’t be serious, can’t she? ‘They have got many cars, don’t they? Let’s go dancing tonight, will we? | am so beautiful, am 12 Simon didn’t pass the test, does he? That is Sheila, isn’t that? > can Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Then, write the question tag. drink © speak # run * go @ eat * play © jump ® climb © be (x2) 1 He can » speak three languages, can’t he? milk in the morning, very high, at focthoally sheticunecasiegn cy} trees when she was 6 c ? 7 seve very fast, 8 She was ill $0 She sssssssseeeseres to school Yesterday, sossorse 9 Children rarely .. .. their vegetables, 10 | solved the mystery! | very clever, ‘Match the sentences to the correct question tags. TTP Get mea glass of La didn’t they? water, |b shouldn't 12 2 She is Spanish, 3 Don can run ast, | ¢_willyour_ 4 Let’shave a picnic, 4 haven't [5 |__| She spoke to Tom, eit TL] They had cinver, SERRE [71] | should study for has he? the test, vane g ] There aren’t enough eggs for the cake, |/h_didn’t she?_ 7 He has never been abroad, TO] You've paid the bill, 81SLR te Re ARR. ei 82 Zalmki osobowe —__Zalmki zwrotne 1 myself you yourself he himself : she herself ye it itself si ~ ae He has cut himself. ‘She made the birthday a oe cake herself. they themselves Zastosowanie ‘© da podkreilenia maczenia podmiotu lub dopetnienia Zaimkéw zwrotnych utywamy. wezdaniu © 2 caasownikami burn, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, kil, onsen look ot, teach itp, jezeli podmict i dopelnienie odnosza sig do tej samej osoby, Patricia has burnt herself. PODMIOT DOPEENIENIE ‘zprayimkiem by w znaczeniu ,samV/a", ,bez pomocy”, bez towarzystwa”. Rita painted the living room by herself. (Zrobita to sama, bez pomocy.) He likes being by himself sometimes. (Lubi pobyé sam, bez towarzystwa.) 2 wyrateriami: enjoy yourself («dobre sig bawie’), behave youself (,dobrze sie zachowywat"), help yourself (,pocagstowa¢ si"). Fill in the gaps with the correct reflexive pronoun. Ouch! I just cut > mysei/ with the knife. ‘My mum loves being by .. My little brother never behaves . They enjoyed last night. If you play with fire you ean burn . We can paint the house by don’t need help. She herself made alt this food for the party. (To whaénie ona praygotowala wszystkie potrawy, nike inny) Mary met Brad Pitt himself. (Poznata samego Brada Pitta.) UWAGA: Zczasownikami dress, wash oraz shave zazwy/czaj nie utywamy zaimkow 2wrotnych. Stosujemy je tylko dla podkreslenia, xe dana czynnosé wymagala pewnego wysitku. Although Mr Wood was ill, he managed to dress himself. Cindy is only three years old, but she can wash herself. 7 My grandmother taught .. kit. 8 He hurt. 9 Did you really paint that picture by .. ‘The twins are too young to dress sssrssesss HOW tO as he was climbing a tree.2 ‘Match phrases to make correct sentences. (CUDA Wile cut [2 [_] Ann doesn't tke being 3 George hurt 4 ] Sandra and Jane made their birthday cakes 5 ] The children aren’t behaving 6 } Let me introduce [7] She tooked at 8 My dad taught > [| | bumt [40 |_| We enjoyed Fill in the text with the appropriate reflexive 3 Look at the pictures and match them to the iproviotin Hinecessere sentences. Then, complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronoun. This morning, my sister and | woke up yearly. | went to the J bathroom to wash »).. while my sister was dressing 2) . ‘i Then, we went to the kitchen to make breakfast by 3) «tt was a disaster. | cut MB ewesenminen With a knife and my sister burt 5). Con the toaster. To make things worse, ‘our mum came into the kitchen to see what we _/ were doing and she made us promise Use the appropriate reflexive pronoun to ‘emphasise the words in bold in the sentences. 1 She made the pi > She herself made the pie. 2. They met Jennifer Aniston. 1. If he isn’t careful, he may burn .... 2. You should learn how to use a knife property so YOU dON"E CUE ...reseeee 3 Jim likes going fishing by 3 He painted his room, while she was playing 4. Ann repaired the car. 5 They are enjoying .... at the party. 5 We decorated our room.(Units 16-19) © Comparatives — Superlatives Stopien wytszy | najwyzszy przymiotnika | a) Circle the comparative and superlative forms in the text. Use them to fill in the table. Complete the missing forms. Twins Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen are two of America’s most famous celebrities. They are also two of the most successful businesswomen in the worl. At ust 21 years of age, they themselves run @ company which makes one bilion dollars a yeer! Mary-Kate and Ashley look very similar but they are not Identical, Ashley is older by two minutes and is slight taller than Mary-Kate. They have different personalties too. Ashley says she is quieter than Mary-Kate. Mary-Kate says she is more outgoing than Ashiey. The girls say they are 00 ‘busy to have anormal social Ife because they travel a lot and run abusiness. luke any sisters, Ashley and Mary-Kate can sometimes ‘argue. But at the end of the day, they love each other “enough to forgive and forget: As Mary-Kate says, "We couldnt run such a successful business ifwe weren't close, could wo?” rT b) Which word do we use to compare two people, things, etc? What is it in your language? ween wane wane Fill in the gaps with the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets. That was . (bad) film ve ever seen. Sue is (pretty) than Kathy. Phillip is, . (fast) runner on the team. This is (expensive) restaurant in town. Isa bit . (Cold) today than yesterday. Which is sssesescses (high) mountain in the world? * Too — Enough Look at the highlighted sentences. Which has a positive/negative meaning? Then, complete the sentences using too or enough. They don’t have time to go shopping. Ben was playing his stereo ......e« loud lastnight, The suitcase {5 ........-... Neavy for me to carry. She has . experience to get the post. She is .. tired to go out tonight. © Question tags What is a question tag? Find an example in the text. How do we form them? When do we use them? Complete the sentences with the correct question tags. He looks good today, ....++-+e0++: ‘She didn’t cut her hair, .. Let’s go to the beach today, ....... Help me with these bags, ‘They can’t have so much money, © Reflexive pronouns Zaimki zwrotne Find a reflexive pronoun in the text. When do we use reflexive pronouns? Then, complete the sentences with appropriate reflexive Pronouns, The boys are behaving .... Did you make this by | was cooking when | burnt We enjoyed She cut ..10 1 12 B Circle the correct item. Jake isn’t old ........ to ride a bike. ‘A enough = too © more What is the ....... Fiver in the world? A longest. =—B longer = long This fs ......- festaurant in town. A cheaper B. the cheapest cheap Do you think people should ........ more of their rubbish? A recycling —B recycled = C_recycle I think he ........ a doctor one day. A will be B goingtobe C is being Betty isn’t ....... her sister, ‘A cleveras —-B asclever as C clever than at the play last night? ‘A yourselves B yours you only he ......e. Stop smoking! A will B would © had ‘My tooth hurts. | ........ see a dentist. A should B can C can't Can you keep an eye on the baby ........ 1 0 shopping? A until B assoonas C while The (ion cubs ........ while their mother was steeping. A have played B play —C_were playing Cheetahs are the ........ animals in the world! A fastest B fast faster That pop concert was the ........ I've ever been to. A worse Bbad = C worst 14 Peter A travels C was 15. You've finished your homework, Revision (Units 1-19) .. to Greece two years ago. B travelled travelling C haven't you ‘A didyou —B have you 16 Ann hasn't ........ Lucy for four years. A see B saw € seen 17 Ifshe had had money, she ....... the dress. ‘A had bought B would have bought © would buy 18 She work at 5 pm every day. A finishes fs finishing was finishing 19 Mary handed in the report an hour ........ « A sinc 20 He's A too e B yet © ago . tired to go out. B much € enough go now. Thanks for the help. B need € hasto 23 Look at him. He ....... to fall down. A has B isgoingto C must 24. She's ...... taller than her sister. A abit B very € too 25. Laura drives much ........ than me. A fast B faster fastest Mark: 25x4 100, 85a+ spélgloska a picture, a university ‘an + samogtoska an orange, an hour Praedimka nieokreslonego o/an utywamy: © przed rzeczownikami policzalnymi w liczbie pojedyncze}. He's a pilot. It’s an apple. Nancy has got a bicycle. © wwyrazeniach okreslajgcych czestotiwose. We play football twice a week. UWAGA: Przedimek a/an stawiamy tet przed \wyrateniami skladajacymi sig z przymiotnika i rzeczow- nika (a gdy przymiotnik zaczyna sig spélgloska, an ~ samogloska). It's.a car. It's fast. It's a fast car. This is @ house. It's an expensive house. ‘Mrs Smith is a teacher. Look at her. She is holding an apple. Przedimka nieokreslonego alan NIE utywamy: ‘© zrzeczownikami niepoliczalnymi ani z rzeczownikami | policzalnymi w liczbie mnogiej (uéywamy wéwczas some). We need to buy some sugar. They ate some oranges | Fill in: a, anor some, paintbrush popcorn aeroplane seevieeess elephant 10 AN cues .. camel onion 2 Fill in a, anor some. 2 : Would you like ® some tea? Yes, > a cup of tea sounds good. 2 A: I'm going to the supermarket. Do you need anything? B: Could you get me tomatoes and . jar of strawberry jam, please? What's this? It's .....s0- antique wooden radio. ve lost my key. Have you seen it? : Actually, | found ......... Key on the kitchen table this morning, It must be yours. I need .. . information for my project. Why don’t you search on the Internet? 2 ee What's Philip's job? 2 He WorKS a5 ......... Office assistant for a big company. Sz eRPrzedimka okreslonego the utywamy przed: © rzeczowmikami policzalnymi lub niepoliczalnymi, || _-ktére sq znane np. z kontekstu albo byly wspomniane wezesnie}. = Jason has got ‘sports car. The car is very expensive. ‘© rrecrowmikami, ktére sq jedyne w swoim rodzaju (the sun, the moon, the Earth). © nazwami rzek (the Amazon), mérz (the Black Sea), ‘oceanéw (the Indian Ocean), taficuchéw g6rskich (the Alps), pustyf (the Saharc), archipelagéw (the Sandwich Islands) oraz praed tymi nazwami krajéw, ktére zawieraig rzeczownik pospolity, taki jak state, kingdom, republic itp. (he United Kingdom). © nazwamiinstrumentéw muzycznych (the piano, the violin) oraz taficéw (the tango). nazwami hoteli (the Intercontinental Hotel), teatrow kin (the Royal National Theatre), statkéw (the Titanic), organizacii (the Red Cross), gazet (The Independent) oraz muzeéw (the Archaeo logical Museum). © nazwami narodowosci (the Italians) 1 rodéw (the Smiths). © oficjalnymi tytulami os6b, kiedy ich imig lub nazwisko rie sqwymienione (the King, the Queen of England ALE Queen Elizabeth if) © slowamimoming, fterioan, evening w_nicktérych wyrateniach, They play football in the morning. (© prayriotnikar i przystéwkami w stop najwyészym. He is the cutest baby I've ever seen. 1 Fill in the where necessary. 1) > — Malta is a small fsland in 2) ...... Mediterranean Sea. It is located south . peoplé who live there Of 3) cannes Sicily and east Of 4) .....0. Tunisia. 5) speak both 6) Naltese and 7) 8) smallest member of 9) .. half a million people living there. European Union and there are fewer than Praedimka okreSlonego the NIE utywamy przed: ‘© rzeczownikami niepoliczalnymi oraz policzalayri wliczbie mnogie, gdy omawiamy zagadnienia og6lne. ‘Lions tive in Africa (akie hwy? W ogéle wszystkie ly.) ‘© nazwami wlasnyi This ts Rosa. She comes from Mexico. © nazwami krajéw (France), miast (Rome), ule (St Peter’s Street), parkow (Hyde Park), szcaytow gorskich (Mount Everest), dworeéw_kolejowych (Victoria Station), mostéw (Tower Bridge). wysp (Malta, jezior (Lake Erie) i kontynentiw (Asia). ‘© nazwami sportéw (tennis), gier (table tennis), zajge (painting), praedmiotw —stkolnych (Maths), azwami dni tygodnia (Monday), miesigcy (May), Uuroczystosci (New Year's Eve), barw (red), napojéw (water), positkéw (dinner) oraz przymiotnikéw “okreslajacych jezyk, 0 ile nie nastepuje po nich stowo language. 1 speak French. ALE The French language is difficult to learn. ‘© slowami home, father, mother itp. kiedy méwimy ‘0 swoim wlasrym domu i rodzinie, Father is at work ‘© nazwami srodkéw transportu w wyrazeniach by bus/ carltrain/ plane itp. 1 g0 to work by car. © niektérymi nazwami choréb. He's got arthritis. ALE (the) flu, (the) measles, (the) mumps English. Malta fswan 88 Fill in a, an, the, or ~ where necessary. ‘A: Can you tell me the way to ® the nearest supermarket, please? B: Sure. Turn right here and you'll find it on king Street. ‘A: Have you ever travelled to B: No, | haven't but I've been to. B: Yes, it fs in ....... South America, A: Is this B: No, A; [saw ....... amazing documentary yesterday. B: Really? What was it about? .- Nancy's car? red car over there is hers. AS ssssses Tom is going to ... B: Is he going to stay at Hotel again? Ay Where are ws... summer holiday? B: They're going to .. Spain on business, Ambassador Browns going for their Canary Islands. Read the following text and put a tick (Y) for every correct use of the and a cross (x) for every incorrect use of it. Correct the mistakes. The last month of my holiday was very exciting. ‘We went to the Rome for two weeks. We stayed at the Dolores Hotel, which is near the banks of the Tiber River. We visited the Trevi fountain and the Colosseum. We also took a trip to the Pompeii, ‘one of the most popular tourist attractions in the Italy. We also tasted some delicious the Italian food and went dancing my at one of the Italy’s famous nightclubs. 4 Fill in a, an, the, or — where necessary. usu ss ‘Big Apple’ Last month, my family and 1 went on holiday to 1) > — New York 2) sons amaging city, with sai lots of things to see and do ther. It took us seven hhours to get there by 8)... plane. We stayed at Dyan Hotel which is in 5)... ety centre and it is only 6) Broadway theatre area. We saw 8) When was the last time you went on a trip to an interesting place? Tell the class. Talk about: * place * time * other travellers © transport © activities @ feelings/comments > Last month, my parents and went on holiday to Paris. it’s @ beautiful and exciting city. Writing Write about an interesting trip you went on. Use your answers from the Speaking activity to help you. Use Ex. 4 as a model.