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Module 4:
Multicomponent Transport
Lecture 34:
Binary Systems
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
DAB = DBA
DAT
kT = 2
,
C M A M B DAB
ln a A
M A B xA
x
g A gB
A
2
ln
x
RT
A T , P
C
jA = jB =
M A M B DAB
+ M A xA VA 1 p + k ln T
T
RT MA
(3.7.16)
Note: When kT is positive, component A moves to the colder region; when kT is negative,
component A moves to the warmer region.
xA
kT
Gases b
Component
A B
C2 H 2Cl4 n C6 H14
298
0.5
1.08
Ne H e
C2 H 4 Br2 C2 H 4Cl2
298
0.5
0.225
C2 H 2Cl4 CCl4
298
0.5
0.060
Component
A B
N2 H 2
T ( K )
xA
kT
330
0.20
0.0531
0.60
0.1004
0.294
0.0542
264
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
CBr4 CCl4
298
0.09
0.129
CCl4 CH 3OH
313
0.5
1.23
CH 3OH H 2O
CycloC6 H12 C6 H 6
313
0.5
313
0.5
0.775
0.0663
0.10
0.0145
-0.137
0.50
0.0432
0.100
0.90
0.0166
D2 H 2
327
Abstracted from R. L. Saxton, E. L. Dougherty, and H. G. Drickamer, J. Chem. Phys, 22, 1166-1168
(1954); R. L. Saxton and H. G. Drickamer, ibid., 1287-1288; L. J. Tichacek, W. S. Kmak, and H. G.
Drickamer, J. Phys. Chem., 60,660-665 (1956).
b
Abstracted from, tables givenby J. O. Hirschfelder, C. F. Curtiss, and R. B. Bird, Molecular Theory
of Gases and Liquids, Wiley New York (1954), .4.
Lets consider ordinary diffusion for a moment
( x)
A
ln a A
M A M B DAB
=
x A
ln x A T , P
C2
(3.7.17)
jA( x ) =
C2
M A M B D AB x A
(3.7.18)
Thus,
AB
ln a A
= D AB
ln
x
A T ,P
D AB = DAB
For liquid systems, D AB has a stronger dependence on concentration than
DAB
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
ji =
C2
M M
i
j =1
Dij x j
, where i=1,2,3,,n
(3.7.20)
Note: In this subsection we are interested in ordinary (concentration) diffusion only. Items superscript
(X) has been dropped in (3.7.20).
For ideal gas mixtures, the relation between
mixture) and
Dij
Ci C j
j =1
C 2 Dij
xi =
(v
j vi ) =
1
( xi N j x j Ni )
CD
j =1
ij
n
(3.7.21)
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
1
1
T
+
M M
j
i
Dij = 0.0018583
p ij D ,ij
3
,
(3.7.22)
Ni = CDimxi + xi N j
j =1
(3.7.23)
1
x j Ni xi N j )
(
j =1 CDij
n
1
=
CDim
Ni xi N j
(3.7.24)
j =1
Equation (3.7.24) is in general difficult to use because Dim depend on position. For certain simplified
cases, however, Dim becomes particularly simple. For example,
a) Trace components 2,3,n in nearly pure component 1.
Dim = Di1
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
b)
=>
Dim = Dij
n
xj
1 x1
=
D1m
j = 2 D1 j
(3.7.25)
Figure showing the effect of activity on the product of viscosity and diffusivity for liquid
mixtures chloroform and ether. [Adapted from R. E. Powell, W. L. Roseveare, and Henry
Eyring. Ind. Eng. Chem. 33, 430-435 (1941)]
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering