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CONTENTS:
THEORY
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CONSTRUCTION
FULL WAVE BRIDGE RECTIFIER
Circuit Diagram:-
Full-wave rectification:A full-wave rectifier converts the whole of the input waveform to one
of constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. Full-wave
rectification converts both polarities of the input waveform to DC
(direct current), and yields a higher mean output voltage. Two diodes
and a center tapped transformer, or four diodes in a bridge
configuration and any AC source (including a transformer without
center tap), are needed. Single semiconductor diodes, double diodes
Rectifier output smoothing:While half-wave and full-wave rectification can deliver unidirectional
current, neither produces a constant voltage. In order to produce
steady DC from a rectified AC supply, a smoothing circuit or filter is
required. In its simplest form this can be just a reservoir capacitor or
smoothing capacitor, placed at the DC output of the rectifier. There
will still be an AC ripple voltage component at the power supply
frequency for a half-wave rectifier, twice that for full-wave, where the
voltage is not completely smoothed.
weight and size. Their use in power supplies for electronic equipment
has therefore dwindled in favour of semiconductor circuits such as
voltage regulators.
A more usual alternative to a filter, and essential if the DC load
requires very low ripple voltage, is to follow the reservoir capacitor
with an active voltage regulator circuit. The reservoir capacitor needs
to be large enough to prevent the troughs of the ripple dropping
Working of Bridge Rectifier:During the positive input half cycle terminal M of the secondary is
positive and N is negative. Diode D1 and D3 becomes forward bias
where as D2 and D4 are reversed bias. Hence the current flows along
point M, E, A, B, C, F and N producing a drop across RL.
During the negative input half cycle secondary terminal N becomes
positive and M is negative. Now D2 and D4 are forward bias and D1
and D3 are reversed bias. Now the current flows along points N, E, A,
B, C, F and M. Hence we find that current keeps flowing through load
resistance RL in the same direction (A, B). during both half cycles of
the AC input the point A of the bridge rectifier always acts as an
anode and point C as cathod. It frequency is twice that of supply
frequency.
Graph:-
Full-wave-bridge-rectifier:-
appears called load resistor RL. When the upper end of the
transformer secondary winding is positive, say during first
half-cycles of the input supply, diodes D1 and D3 are forward
biased and current flows through arm AB, enters the load at
positive terminal, leaves the load at negative terminal, and
returns back flowing through arm DC. During this half of each
input cycle, the diodes D2 and D4 are reverse biased and so
the current is not allowed to flow in arms AD and BC. The
flow of current is indicated by solid arrows in the figure. In
the second half of the input cycle the lower end of ac supply
becomes positive, diodes D2 and D4 become forward biased
and current flows through arm CB, enters the load at the
positive terminal, leaves the load at negative terminal and
returns back flowing through arm DA. Flow of current has
been shown by dotted arrows in the figure. Thus the
direction of flow of current through the load resistance RL
remains the same during both half cycles of the input supply
voltage.
Demerits:-