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ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
for DATA CENTERS
Michael Mosman, PE
Chief Technical Officer
CCG Facilities Integration
Incorporated
FACILITIES INTEGRATION
INCORPORATED
INTRODUCTION
Page 2
AN OBSERVATION
Page 3
SERVICE
TRANSFORMER
DE
G
MAIN SWB
ESSENTIAL
LOAD
UPS
CRITICAL
LOAD
Utility service,
service commonly
Medium Voltage.
Pad
Pad-mounted
mounted step
step-down
down
service Transformer with LV
underground secondary feeder.
Main Switchboard with service
main breaker.
Optional backup Diesel EngineGenerator and transfer devices.
Optional UPS system to carry
critical loads through switching
t
transfers.
f
Page 4
32 UPS
SYSTEMS
@ 600V,
1.33 MW
TWO UTILITY
SERVICES
@ 35 kV, 30 MW
32 DIESEL ENGINEENGINE
GENERATORS @ 2.25 MW
MEDIUM VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FOR DATA CENTERS
16 SERVICE TRANSFORMERS
@ 600 V, 5 MVA
Page 5
Page 6
Less reliable.
More dangerous.
Not as flexible.
Harder to maintain
maintain. Needs more space.
space
Page 7
Page 8
1.5
FRONT ACCESS
MV SWITCHGEAR
3.5
5
5
TRADITIONAL
MV SWITCHGEAR
6
6
Page 9
liquid cooled
New class of liquid-cooled
transformers incorporated
into unit substations.
High flash point,
biodegradable fluid (FR3)
safe for indoor application
application.
High BIL (150 kV) suitable
for vacuum breaker control
without snubbers.
Internal, fluid-immersed
protection
i and
d switching.
i hi
High efficiency, 99% or
better
better.
Page 10
DE
SERVICE
TRANSFORMER
MAIN SWBD
ESSENTIAL
LOAD
UTILITY
SERVICE
DE
SERVICE
TRANSFORMER
MAIN SWGR
DISTRIBUTION
TRANSFORMERS
(IN UNIT SUBSTATIONS)
UPS
UPS
CRITICAL
LOAD
ESSENTIAL
LOAD
CRITICAL
LOAD
Page 11
480 VOLT
VOLT, 3-PHASE,
3-PHASE 4-WIRE
4160 VOLT
VOLT, 3-PHASE
3-PHASE, 3-WIRE
$67 000*
$67,000
$9 000*
$9,000
Page 12
VS
$650k
$700k
SWITCHBOARD:
4000 A, 480 V, w/ MAIN BKR,
EG BKR & (2) FDR BKRS
$350k
MAJOR FEEDERS:
75 4000 A MAIN FDR,
100 3000 A EG FDR,
100
100 1200 A LOAD FDR &
50 2000 A LOAD FDR
$200k
DISTR TRANSFORMERS:
DISTR.
TRANSFORMERS
NONE
SWITCHGEAR LINEUP:
1200 A, 4160 V, w/ MAIN BKR,
EG BKR & (2) FDR BKRS
$250k
MAJOR FEEDERS:
75 500 A MAIN FDR,
100 500 A EG FDR &
100
150 of LOAD FDRS @ 250 A
$50k
DISTR. TRANSFORMERS:
1500 kVA 480 V
1000 kVA 480 V
$100k
_____________
_____________
$1 200k
$1,200k
$1 100k
$1,100k
Page 13
UTILITY SERVICE
35 kV, 15 MVA
VS
35 kV OUTDOOR SWITCHGEAR
MAIN SWBD
MAIN SWBD
MAIN SWBD
15 MVA
MAIN SWGR
MAIN SWGR
MAIN SWGR
4160 V
MAIN SWBD
MAIN SWBD
MAIN SWBD
TOTAL
(TYPICAL)
MAIN SWGR
MAIN SWGR
$8,530k TOTAL
MAIN SWGR
$7,540k
Page 14
Page 15
Page 16
CASE #1 (LV)
CASE #2 (MV)
Utility Characteristics
Primary Protection
2500 kVA
2500 kVA
Main Breaker
(w/ integral long time &
short time electronic trip)
Insulated Case
Case, 4000A
Service Transformer
Secondary Voltage
Solenoid-Actuated
Vacuum Bottle, 600A
53.52 kA
6.41 kA
25.47 kA
6.27 kA
0.4 seconds
0.4 seconds
180 inches
128 inches
23 1 cal/cm
23.1
cal/cm
4 1 cal/cm
4.1
cal/cm
Incident Energy
PPE Category
MEDIUM VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FOR DATA CENTERS
Page 17
CASE #3 (LV)
CASE #4 (MV)
21.65 kA
5.33 kA
A i Ti
Arcing
Time (@ 85% fault)
f lt)
1 0 seconds
1.0
d
0 4 seconds
0.4
d
297 inches
107 inches
48.5 cal/cm
3.5 cal/cm
Dangerous
CASE #5 (LV)
CASE #6 (MV)
0.06 seconds
0.06 seconds
Arc Flash
A
Fl h B
Boundary
d
Di
Distance
t
(maint. mode)
50 inches
18 inches
3.5 cal/cm
0.6 cal/cm
MAINTENANCE MODE
Maintenance Mode Arcing Time
(max. fault)
Page 18
SWITCHGEAR FOOTPRINT
1.5
3.5
FRONT ACCESS
MV SWITCHGEAR
TYPICAL
LV SWITCHGEAR
6
6
5
5
3.5
METAL-CLAD
MV SWITCHGEAR
Frontt accessible
F
ibl M
Medium
di
V
Voltage
lt
switchgear is smaller than both
t diti
traditional
l metal-clad
t l l d switchgear
it h
AND
Low Voltage switchboards of equivalent
power.
MEDIUM VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FOR DATA CENTERS
Page 19
DUCTBANK INTEGRITY
MUTUAL HEATING
NO MUTUAL HEATING
Page 20
BREAKER EVALUATION
600 volt breaker endurance
testing switchboard w/four
brands of insulated-case
breakers, 9/2005.
5 kV b
breaker
k
endurance testing
switchgear lineup
w/two metal-clad
b k
breakers
and
d ttwo
linear-actuator
breakers, 2/2007.
Photos courtesy of Power
Distribution Systems.
MEDIUM VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FOR DATA CENTERS
Page 21
BREAKER RELIABILITY
VS
Page 22
MAINTAINABILITY
YES
NO
FLEXIBILITY
4160 VOLT
MAINS & EGs
600 V. UNIT
SUBSTATION
230/400 V. UNIT
SUBSTATION
MECHANICAL PLANT
UPS SYSTEMS
Page 24
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION?
Page 25
GREEN IDEAS
Page 26
4160-600V UNIT
SUBSTATION
w/ 99%+ EFFICIENT
TRANSFORMER
FOR MECHANICAL
EQUIPMENT
DE
SERVICE TRANSFORMER
WITH 4160V SECONDARY
& 99%+ EFFICIENCY
MAIN SWGR
UPS
ESSENTIAL
LOAD
600 VOLT
MECHANICAL PLANT USING
FREE-AIR COOLING, HOT-AISLE
CONTAINMENT AND OTHER
ENERGY REDUCTION METHODS
CRITICAL
LOAD
400/230 VOLT
400/230V DISTRIBUTION TO
RACKS w/ 99%+ EFFICIENT
BUSWAYS AND TAPS
COMMENTS OR QUESTIONS?
If you have any comments or questions
about this presentation please contact
Mi h l M
Michael
Mosman, PE
mmosman@ccgfacilities.com
or visit our website
www.ccgfacilities.com
FACILITIES INTEGRATION
INCORPORATED
Page 28