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SUMMARY
A literature review was performed looking for rational evidence for some common antibiotic
prescriptions in gynecology and obstetrics. Conditions that deserve a therapeutic indications
include asymptomatic bacteriuria , bacterial vaginosis or vaginitis during pregnancy, urinary
tract infections and some recurrent urinary tract infections, postpartum endometritis, pelvic
inflammatory disease, and listeriosis. In the same manner, prophylactic interventions with
antibiotics are warranted before a cesarean section, abdominal or vaginal histerectomy, as well
as during preterm labour with rupture of membranes or due to a presumed or demonstrated
group B Streptococcus carriage. On the other hand, antibiotic use during preterm labour with
intact membranes, while inserting or removing an intrauterine device or by an incomplete
asymptomatic abortion, is not supported by scientific evidence. Finally, information is lacking for
an antibiotic indication in fourth-degree perineal tear or during instrumental vaginal delivery.
Introduccin
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Objetivos
Listeriosis.
Resumen ejecutivo.
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0,45
0,39 0,52
0,41
0,34 0,43
Endometritis
Infeccin urinaria
0,47
0,26 0,68
Cultivo positivo
Profilaxis intraparto
Cultivo pendiente
Fiebre intraparto
Ruptura prolongada de memb.> 18h h
RN previo con SGB, TP pretrmino, ITU
por SGB
Profilaxis intraparto
Profilaxis intraparto
Figura 1. Esquema de trabajo para la deteccin y manejo de la colonizacin materna por SGB.
250
De eleccin.
Ampicilina
Ampicilina 2 gr EV inicial y luego 1 g
cada 6 horas hasta el parto.
Clindamicina
Eritromicina
500 mg cada 6 horas EV hasta el parto. En pacientes alrgicos a penicilina.
Requiere va central, alto costo.
Tabla 4. Alternativas teraputicas en pacientes con ITU asociada al embarazo (segn antibiograma)
Condicin Aplicacin o limitaciones
A. Bacteriuria asintomtica o ITU sintomtica
Nitrofurantona macrocristales
Amoxicilina-clavulnico
Cefalosporinas
Alternativas asociadas a >% de resistencia
cido nalidxico
cido pipemdico
Cotrimoxazol forte
Amoxicilina
Cefadroxilo
B. Pielonefritis aguda
Alternativa parenteral
Ceftriaxona
Alternativa oral
Amoxicilina-clavulnico
Cefalosporinas
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Profilaxis
Obstetricia
ITU recurrente
Mujer joven
Profilaxis
postcoital 6 meses
Nitrofurantona
Quinolonas
Post menopausa
Estrgenos
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258
Endometritis Puerperal
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Tabla 6. Dosis habituales y costos de adquisicin de compuestos antimicrobianos (2008) para el tratamiento
de endometritis por va parenteral
Precio diario del
Compuesto Dosis habitual
tratamiento en pesos
incluyendo impuestos
Terapia combinada*
Ceftriaxona
2 g/da en 1-2 dosis va ev
Gentamicina
5 mg/Kg. Cada 24 h ev
Amikacina
15 mg/Kg. Cada 24 h ev
Compuesto antianaerobio
Clindamicina*
600-900 mg cada 8 h ev
3.940
1.052 1.315
3.086
8.070
Monoterapia
Ampicilina-sulbactam
Piperacilina-tazobactam
Cefoperazona-sulbactam
Ertapenem
98.944
90.165
69.360
58.170
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5 mg/k.o. cada 24 h ev
600-900 mg cada 8 h ev
Variable
17.455
Levofloxacino
+ metronidazol
500 mg ev cada 24 h
500 mg c/8h ev
Variable
32.545
2 fcos. c/6h ev
100 mg vo c/12h
Variable
101.264
400 mg ev
Variable
33.816
Ampicilina-sulbactam
+ doxiciclina
Moxifloxacino
Oral
Moxifloxacino
400 mg
14
7.488
Ciprofloxacino
+ clindamicina
250 mg c/12h
600 mg c/8h
14
10.886
Levofloxacino
+ metronidazol
500 mg vo cada 24 h
500 mg c/8h vo
14
1.130
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REFERENCIAS
3. Sinei SK, Schulz KF, Lamptey PR, Grimes 10. Liabsuetrakul T, Choobun T, Peeyananjarassri
DA, Mati JK, Rosenthal SM et al. Preventing
K, Islam M. Antibiotic prophylaxis for
IUCD-related pelvic infection: the efficacy
operative vaginal delivery. Cochrane Database
of prophylactic doxycycline at insertion.
Syst Rev 2004; 3:CD004455.
Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990;97:412-9.
11. Chongssomchai C., Lumbiganon P., Thikhamrop J., Ounchai J., Vudhikamraksa N. Placebo4. Walsh T, Grimes D, Frezieres R, Nelson A,
controlled, double-blind, randomized study of
Bernstein L, Coulson A et al. Randomised
prophylactic antibiotics in elective abdominal
controlled trial of prophylactic antibiotics
hysterectomy. J Hosp Infect 2002;52:302-6.
before insertion of intrauterine devices. IUD
Study Group. Lancet 1998;351:962-3.
12. Duff P, Park RC. Antibiotic prophylaxis
in vaginal hysterectomy: a review. Obstet
5. Grimes DA, Schulz FK. Antibiotic prophylaxis
Gynecol 1980;55(Suppl)193S-202S.
for intrauterine contraceptive device insertion.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1999,3: 13. Mittendorf R, Aronson MP, Berry RE,
Williams MA, Kupelnick B, Klickstein A et
CD001327.
al. Avoiding serious infections associated with
6. May W, Glmezoglu AM, Ba-Thike K.
abdominal hysterectomy: A meta-analysis of
Antibiotics for incomplete abortion. Cochrane
antibiotic prophylaxis. Am J Obstet Gynecol
Database Syst Rev 2007;4:CD001779.
1993;169:1119-24.
7. Smaill F, Hofmeyr GJ. Antibiotic prophylaxis
for cesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst
Rev 2002;3:CD000933.
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CORRESPONDENCIA
Dr. Jorge Sandoval Zamorano
Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecologa
Hospital Clnico Universidad de Chile
Santos Dumont 999, Independencia, Santiago
Fono: 978 8307
Fax: 737 5325
E-mail: josandoval@med.uchile.cl
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