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CHAPTER III
Research Design

This chapter presents the method of research used in the study,

sources of data, data gathering instrument and statistical treatment of data.
Methods of Research
The method of research used in the study was the descriptivenormative kind using a questionnaire-checklist as the primary instrument to
gather the needed data and information. This type of research was most
appropriate for this study since it is concerned with knowing the prevailing
conditions, of a thing, event or place. The present study aimed to knowing
the practices of school canteen management in the public elementary
schools in Marikina City District II, hence, the descriptive type of research
is the most feasible one to use.
Sources of Data
The sources of data and information for this study were the 60
school teachers and 30 canteen personnel. Teachers shall be chosen based on
Slovins formula while canteen personnel shall be in their total population.
Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents
Respondents

Populatio
n

Percentag
e

Sample

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Teachers
Canteen
personnel
Total

100

67%

60

30

33%

30

130

100%

90

Based on the data on the table, out of 90 sample respondents, 60 were

taken as teachers or 67% while 30 were considered for the canteen personnel
with 33%.
Data Gathering Instruments
The questionnaire-checklist constructed by the researcher primarily
served as the data gathering instrument for this study. This instrument
was developed after having read related studies and perused different
reference materials in school canteen management. Also, the researcher
consulted her adviser as she went through the process of constructing
his questionnaire. The suggestions given by her adviser were taken and
incorporated

into

the

questionnaires

for

purposes

of

refinement

and

improvement.
The researcher then made the first draft and had it reproduced
in 10 copies for validation purposes. The 10 set of questionnaires were
given to the teachers who were excluded as final respondents.
After the validation process, the researcher made the final copy
for distribution to the target respondents.
The developed questionnaire consists of queries on:
1. Queries on name of school and group where the respondents belong.

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2. Status of the school

canteen practices in terms of quality and

quantity of food served, kinds of service rendered to the customers, prices of the
commodities, utilization of canteen facilities, transparency of profit, and efficiency
of coop staff.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher sought permission to field her questioner from
the school district, Marikina City. After obtaining the official permission
from the schools district supervisor, Dr. Lauro Z. de Guzman, the
researcher fielded the questionnaires to her target respondents.
To obtain a high percentage of retrieval, the researcher
personally followed-up the respondents in their respective schools.
Further, the researcher constructed informal interviews to gather more
data and information about the subject of her research.

Statistical Treatment of Data

After gathering data information needed in the study, they were
tallied, tabulated, analyzed and statistically treated using the following
tools:
Weighted Mean . This was used to determine the status of the
school

canteen practices

as

perceived

by

the

teachers and canteen

personnel. This was also the formula in knowing the pupils performance.

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T-test . This was needed to

know the significant difference between

the status of the school canteen practices as perceived by the two groups of
respondents.