Intercambiador de Tubo y Coraza Edr

GEOMETRA DE
INTERCAMBIADOR DE TUBO Y
CORAZA
CURSO: SIMULACIN Y DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE INTERCAMBIADORES DE
CALOR
CAPTULO 3
Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor
29/10/2016
ASPEN EXCHANGER DESIGN & RATING FAMILY
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ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER
COMPLETE SHELL AND TUBE
TUBE BUNDLE
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STANDARDS
THE MECHANICAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGERS IS USUALLY BASED ON
TEMA 9HT EDITION STANDARDS
TEMA SUPPLEMENTS THE ASME PRESSURE VESSEL CODE
TEMA DESIGNATION FRONT HEAD SHELL REAR HEAD
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DESIGN CODES
THE PROGRAM PERFORMS BASIC MECHANIC CALCULATIONS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING CODES:
ASME
CODAP
AD-MERKBLATTER
EN 13445
AN EXAMPLE OF THOSE MECHANICAL CALCULATIONS IS:

REQUIRED THICKNESSES FOR THE SHELL AND HEADS, AFFECTING THE NUMBER OF TUBES
THICKNESS OF THE TUBESHEET, AFFECTING THE EFFECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER AREA
DIMENSIONS OF THE FLANGES AND NOZZLE REINFORCEMENT, AFFECTING THE POSIBLE NOZZLE AND BAFLE
PLACEMENTS
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INTRODUCTION TO EXCHANGER GEOMETRY
QUICK ACCESS TO GEOMETRY SETTINGS FROM THE HOME RIBBON
DETAILED SETTINGS ON THE EDR NAVIGATOR

GEOMETRY SUMMARY
SHELLS/HEADS/FLANGES/TUBESHEETS
TUBES
BAFFLES/SUPPORTS
BUNDLE LAYOUT
NOZZLES
THERMOSIPHON PIPING
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INTRODUCTION TO SHELL TYPES
THE FOLLOWING EXCHANGER SHELL TYPES (TEMA) ARE INCLUDED FOR REVIEW:
E AND F TYPE SHELLS
G AND H-SHELLS
I/J, K AND X-SHELLS
NON-TEMA EXCHANGERS INCLUDED ARE DOUBLE-PIPE (D TYPE) AND MULTI-TUBE HAIRPIN (M TYPE)
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SHELL TYPES E AND F
E-TYPE SHELL IS MOST COMMONLY USED, PREFERRED BY MANY MANUFACTURERS
F-SHELL GIVES PURE COUNTER CURRENT FLOW WITH TWO TUBE PASSES (AVOIDS VERY LONG
EXCHANGERS)
NOTE: LONGITUDINAL BAFFLES ARE DIFFICULT TO SEAL WITH THE SHELL ESPECIALLY WHEN REINSERTING THE
BUNDLE INTO THE SHELL AFTER MAINTENANCE, CAN CAUSE FLUID LEAKAGE ACROSS BAFFLE WELD.
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SHELL TYPES G AND H
OFTEN ONLY USED FOR HORIZONTAL THERMOSYPHON REBOILERS

OFFERS LOWER SHELL SIDE DELTA P THAN STANDARD E-TYPE SHELLS
LONGITUDINAL BAFFLE IS MORE OF A DISTRIBUTION PLATE MAY BE PERFORATED
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SHELL TYPES I / J
I / J - SHELLS GOOD FOR CONDENSING OR VAPORIZING FLOW ON SHELL SIDE

I HAS 2 IN, 1 OUT, J HAS 1 IN 2 OUT
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10
SHELL TYPES X AND K
X-SHELL IS UNBAFFLED AND OFFERS VERY LOW SHELL SIDE DELTA P

K-SHELL EXCLUSIVELY FOR KETTLE REBOILERS (OTHER LIKE CHILLERS ALSO)
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SUMMARY OF SHELL TYPES
E-TYPE SHELLS ARE MOST COMMON

G AND H-SHELLS ARE NORMALLY ONLY USED FOR HORIZONTAL THERMOSYPHON REBOILERS
I/J AND X-SHELLS ARE USED IF ALLOWABLE PRESSURE DROP CAN NOT BE ACHIEVED IN AN E-SHELL
FOR SERVICES THAT NEED MULTIPLE SHELLS AND REMOVABLE BUNDLES, F-SHELLS COULD BE CONSIDERED
AS ALTERNATIVE
K-TYPE IS ONLY USED AS A REBOILER (AND CHILLER)
ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER ALSO HANDLES DOUBLE-PIPE AND MULTI-TUBE HAIRPIN
EXCHANGERS
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INTRODUCTION TO FRONT AND REAR HEADS
THE FOLLOWING EXCHANGER HEADS ARE INCLUDED FOR REVIEW:

FRONT HEAD TYPES A, B, C, D AND N
REAR HEAD TYPES
FIXED TUBESHEET (L, M, AND N)
FLOATING HEAD (P, S, T, AND W)
U-TUBE
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FRONT HEAD TYPES
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FRONT HEAD TYPES A AND B
A-TYPE IS STANDARD FOR DIRTY TUBE SIDE FLUIDS

BOLTED CHANNEL COVER CAN BE REMOVED FOR TUBE SIDE CLEANING
B-TYPE PREFERRED FOR CLEAN TUBE SIDE FLUIDS

GENERALLY CHEAPER AND EASIER TO INSTALL THAN OTHER FRONT HEADS
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15
FRONT HEAD TYPES C AND N
C-TYPE IS SIMILAR TO A-TYPE WITH REMOVABLE COVER FOR CLEANING

TUBESHEET END IS WELDED DIRECTLY TO TUBESHEET
PREFERRED WITH HAZARDOUS TUBE SIDE FLUID TO MINIMIZE LEAKAGE
N-TYPE FEATURES THE CHANNEL AND TUBESHEET WELDED TO SHELL

GOOD FOR HAZARDOUS FLUIDS ON SHELL SIDE
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REAR HEADS FIXED TUBESHEET
L, M, AND N TYPE REAR HEADS HAVE SAME FEATURES AS THEIR

CORRESPONDING FRONT HEAD TYPES, A, B, AND N
BUNDLES ARE NOT REMOVABLE FROM SHELL, OFFER SMALL BUNDLE-TOSHELL CLEARANCE
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REAR HEADS FLOATING HEAD TYPES
ALLOW FLOATING REAR TUBESHEET AND TUBE BUNDLE TO BE PULLED

THROUGH THE SHELL
FACILITATES SHELL SIDE CLEANING
T HAS SIMPLER CONSTRUCTION BUT LARGER BUNDLE-TO-SHELL CLEARANCE

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REAR HEADS P AND W FLOATING HEADS
RARELY USED EXCEPT ON SMALL UNITS

NOTE THAT YOU CANNOT HAVE A PASS PARTITION PLATE IN A W-TYPE THUS LIMITING IT TO 2 (OR 1)
PASS
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REAR HEAD TYPES
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SHELL DIAMETER
FOR SIZES UP TO 610MM (24IN) MOST MANUFACTURERS NORMALLY USE STANDARD PIPE SIZES
LARGE SHELLS CAN BE MADE FROM ROLLED PLATE AND ARE TYPICALLY DESIGNED IN INCREMENTS OF
50MM (2IN)
SIZE LIMITED BY DRILLING AND MACHINING CAPACITY OF MANUFACTURER BUT CAN BE UP TO 3000MM
(118IN) OR MORE
NOTE THAT MECHANICAL DESIGN REQUIRES THAT THE SHELL THICKNESS BE ROUGHLY PROPORTIONAL
TO THE SHELL DIAMETER, SON BIG SHELLS CAN BE EXPENSIVE AND HEAVY!
WATCH FOR TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS
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TUBE SELECTION
OUTSIDE DIAMETER
TEMA LISTS NINE STANDARD SIZES, 6.35 TO 50.8MM (0.25 TO 2 IN)
MOST COMMONLY USED
19.05MM (0.75IN) STANDARD
25.4MM (1IN) FOR LOW TUBE SIDE PRESSURE DROP
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TUBE SELECTION
WALL THICKNESS
TEMA GIVES RECOMMENDED VALUES (ADEQUATE FOR
NORMAL TEMPERATURAS AND PRESSURES)
FOR HIGH INTERNAL PRESSURE REFER TO TEMA
FOR HIGH EXTERNAL PRESSURES REFER TO PRESSURE
VESSEL CODES
NOTE THAT CODES REFER TO MINIMUM (NOT AVERAGE)
THICKNESS
FOR U TUBES WATCH FOR THINNING AT BENDS
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TUBE LENGTH
TEMA STANDARD LENGTHS ARE 2.44, 3.05, 3.66, 4.27, 4.88, AND 6.1M (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, AND 20FT)
20FT IS A SENSIBLE MAXIMUM LENGTH FOR PETROLEUM REFINERIES AND CHEMICAL PLANTS WHERE
SPACE RESTRICTED
FOR GAS PLANTS AND SPECIAL APPLICATIONS, MUCH LONGER LENGTHS ARE POSIBLE
20M (60FT) OR MORE
WATCH FOR TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS
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NUMBER OF TUBE PASSES
GENERALLY THE MORE THE BETTER

HIGHER COEFFICIENT BUT HIGHER PRESSURE DROP
EXCEPTION BEING SINGLE PASS E-SHELLS OR 2 PASS F-SHELLS

TRUE COUNTER CURRENT FLOW AND THEREFORE BETTER TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE CAN USUALLY BE ATTAINED
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TUBE TYPES
THE FOLLOWING TUBE TYPES ARE AVAILABLE:

PLAIN
LOWFIN TUBE
LONGITUDINAL FIN
OTHER (RADIAL) FIN
KHT TWISTED TUBE
INTERNAL ENHANCENMENT
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TUBE PATTERN
USE 90 (OR 45) IF THE SHELL SIDE CLEANING IS REQUIRED

USE 30 (OR 60) OTHERWISE
HIGHER PACKING DENSITY LEADS TO HIGHER SHELL SIDE COEFFCIENTS
LITTLE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 30 AND 60

AND BETWEEN 90 AND 45
30 AND 90 MOST COMMONLY USED
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NOZZLES / IMPINGEMENT PROTECTION
NOZZLE SIZES DETERMINED IN DESIGN MODE

CAN BE USER-SPECIFIED
USE IMPINGEMENT TO AVOID RHO-V2 CONCERNS
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TEMA REQUIREMENTS
TEMA GUIDELINES DEFINE RHO-V2 LIMITS, USE IMPINGEMENT DEVICES TO AVOID
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BAFFLES
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BAFFLES TYPES
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CHOICE OF BAFFLES
SINGLE SEGMENTAL BAFLES STANDARD

USE DOUBLE SEGMENTAL BAFLES IF LOWER SHELL SIDE DELTA P REQUIRED
USE NO TUBES IN WINDOW IF VIBRATIONS PROBLEMS ARE LIKELY
INTERMEDIATE TUBE SUPPORTS LIKELY NEEDED
UNBAFFLED EXCHANGERS SHOULD BE USED ONLY IF REALLY NECESSARY FOR VERY LOW DELTA P
RESULTS IN LOW SHELL SIDE COEFFICIENT
OTHER TYPES USED LESS OFTEN:

ROD BAFFLES
TRIPLE SEGMENTAL
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ALLOCATION OF FLUIDS
PUT DIRTY STREAM ON THE TUBESIDE EASIER TO CLEAN INSIDE THE TUBES
PUT HIGH PRESSURE STREAM ON THE TUBESIDE TO AVOID THICK, EXPENSIVE SHELL
WHEN SPECIAL MATERIALS ARE REQUIRED FOR ONE STREAM, PUT THAT STREAM ON THE TUBESIDE
TO AVOID EXPENSIVE SHELL
CROSS FLOW GIVES HIGHER COEFFICIENTS TAN IN PLAIN TUBES, HENCE PUT FLUID WITH LOWEST
COEFFICIENT ON THE SHELLSIDE
IF NO OBVIOUS BENEFIT, TRY STREAMS BOTH WAYS AND SEE WHICH GIVES BEST DESIGN (ASPEN
EDR MAKES THIS EASY)
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GEOMETRA DE

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

ASPEN EXCHANGER DESIGN & RATING FAMILY

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

COMPLETE SHELL AND TUBE

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

AN EXAMPLE OF THOSE MECHANICAL CALCULATIONS IS:

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

INTRODUCTION TO EXCHANGER GEOMETRY

QUICK ACCESS TO GEOMETRY SETTINGS FROM THE HOME RIBBON

DETAILED SETTINGS ON THE EDR NAVIGATOR

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

INTRODUCTION TO SHELL TYPES

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

SHELL TYPES E AND F

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

E-TYPE SHELL IS MOST COMMONLY USED, PREFERRED BY MANY MANUFACTURERS

SHELL TYPES G AND H

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

OFTEN ONLY USED FOR HORIZONTAL THERMOSYPHON REBOILERS

LONGITUDINAL BAFFLE IS MORE OF A DISTRIBUTION PLATE MAY BE PERFORATED

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

I / J - SHELLS GOOD FOR CONDENSING OR VAPORIZING FLOW ON SHELL SIDE

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

SHELL TYPES X AND K

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

X-SHELL IS UNBAFFLED AND OFFERS VERY LOW SHELL SIDE DELTA P

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

SUMMARY OF SHELL TYPES

E-TYPE SHELLS ARE MOST COMMON

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

INTRODUCTION TO FRONT AND REAR HEADS

THE FOLLOWING EXCHANGER HEADS ARE INCLUDED FOR REVIEW:

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

FRONT HEAD TYPES A AND B

A-TYPE IS STANDARD FOR DIRTY TUBE SIDE FLUIDS

B-TYPE PREFERRED FOR CLEAN TUBE SIDE FLUIDS

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

FRONT HEAD TYPES C AND N

C-TYPE IS SIMILAR TO A-TYPE WITH REMOVABLE COVER FOR CLEANING

N-TYPE FEATURES THE CHANNEL AND TUBESHEET WELDED TO SHELL

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

REAR HEADS FIXED TUBESHEET

L, M, AND N TYPE REAR HEADS HAVE SAME FEATURES AS THEIR

Ingeniero de Procesos - Luis Torres Melchor

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER

REAR HEADS FLOATING HEAD TYPES

ALLOW FLOATING REAR TUBESHEET AND TUBE BUNDLE TO BE PULLED

T HAS SIMPLER CONSTRUCTION BUT LARGER BUNDLE-TO-SHELL CLEARANCE

ASPEN SHELL & TUBE EXCHANGER