CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

I.1BACKGROUND
Language is a tool used to shape the mind and feelings, desires and deeds, a
tool used to influence and be influenced, a clear sign of a good personality or bad, a
clear sign of the family and the nation, a clear sign from the mind of humanity.
Shamsuddin (1986:2). On the same hand, disclose the definition language of
communication is the most complete and effective way to convey ideas, messages,
intentions, feelings and opinions to others. Wibowo, Walija (1996:4),
Language

is

system

communication. Wardhaugh

of

arbitrary vocal symbols used for human

(1972:3). Follow this definition, language was

developed by a system which is conducted by the elements. The elements it self relate
to each other and create a pattern orderly, produce a meaning, and finally become a
tool to communicate to each other . Then, language is arbitrary means that language
is can not be predicted why something was named something because the
name and the represented thing have no relation. For example, there are no
explanation why a kind of animal is called fish. That is why people can not guest
the specific features of certain language if they are unknown or unfamiliar to that
language.

Discuss on languange, human is the most crucial point to be connected to the

languange. Human becomes a society when they can socialize to each other.
Languange is a powerfull tool for human to interract each other. Languange plays an
important role in human activities. It is a tool of communication. Through languange,
we can express our iddea, feeling, thought, and wishes to other people. Languange is
an aspect of communicative behaviour by which members of society interract.
(Keraf,1980 :1)
Someone who is not able to use languange will be difficult to give and take
information, send their vital message, and convey their ideas. It is different with
someone who speaks more or speaks more than one languange, they will connected to
other people easily. for example, in Japan, indonesian who just understand indonesia
will get more difficult to stay than indonesian who understand indonesia and japan
languange because the indonesian who know the both languange can communicate to
japanese easily because information transfering process will be load quickly.They can
speak monolingual or bilingual by mix indonesia and japan languange or switch
indonesia into japan languange. Someone who have more than one languange have a
tendency to use all they have, by switch their languange or mix their languange into
their daily conversation. This is not an odd or new phenomenon in human daily
activity, we often call this phenomenon code switching and code mixing.
as multi-cultural country, Indonesia contain many local languange. So, code
switching and code mixing may happen in Indonesian spoken language. And also, In

their learning process, they will use more than one language. For example, the teacher
use Indonesia and then switch into bouginese language to give a deep understand to
their student. In this study, the writer would like to be focus on indonesian English
lecturer exactly in South Sulawesi at Hasanuddin University, Faculty of Letter,
English Department especially in speaking class. This is an interesting thing for the
writer to analize the possible code mixing and code switching in their spoken learning
process.
I.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM
According to the explanation of background above, the writer identifies
problems that occur in speaking and listening class learning process, as follows :
1.

The lecturer come from many different culture, language and dialect, teach
student who also come from their own hometown language which is different
with each other, and their subject is about English as foreign languange. This
is a challenge to make the student understand, get the ideas, message, and the

point about what the lecturer is talking about.

2. The lecturer who has graduted in foreign country, may use English
dominantly or use different English dialect such as American dialect and
british dialect. There is a possibility to use some words which could be an
odd word for the student because they never hear that word.

I.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY

The scope of this sudy is learning process in speaking class. It will be analized
by writer by seeing code switching and code mixing used by lecturer happens in class
and its influence in class. for getting more focus on discussing the topic, the writer
limit just three theories, they are sociolinguistic, code switching, and code mixing.
I.4 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
1. What are the types of code-switching and code-mixing used by lecrturer in
speaking class?
2. What are the purposes of using code-swiching and code-mixing by lecturer?
3. How does the code-swiching and code-mixing work in learning process at
speaking class?
I.5 THE OBJECTIVE OF WRITING
Related to the problems mentioned above, the objective of study can be state
below :
1.

To identify the types of code-switching and code-mixing used by lecrturer in

speaking class.
2. To find the reason of using code-swiching and code-mixing by lecturer
3. To describe the influence of using code-swiching and code-mixing work in
learning process at speaking class?

I.6 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

A significance of conducting the research itself is to solve the problems that

become the research focus (Mahsun: 2005). The result of this study are expected for
contributing another related case research. It can be an additional reference for
antoher researcher.