11/8/2016

DynamicBreaking|MotorControlOperationandCircuits

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Dynamic Breaking

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MOTORCONTROL

SequentialControl(3
Stages)

1:48:00PM CIRCUITS,CONTACTORS,CONTROL,INDUSTRIALCONTROLS,MAGNETICCONTACTOS,MOTORCONTROLS,
MOTORSTARTERS,STARTERS

ApplicationMotors,especiallyonesattachedwithflywheel,deenergizeduponpressingthe
stopbuttonwillstillrotateduetoinertialenergystoredintherotors.Thismotorconditionis
quitedangerousinsomeapplication.Manypersonlosstheirfingersaftertheystopmotor
thinkingthatthereisnolongeranyeffecttothemachinewhichthemotordrives.Seefigure
below(A)and(B).

AlternateOperationof 3
TwoMotorPumps

TheoryofApplication
ACROSSTHELINE
STARTER

WYEDELTAREDUCE
VOLTAGESTARTER

UseHandTools
Identifyfunctional
basicelectronichand
tools

ConsiderFigurebelow(A).RotorRduetotherotatingnorthandsouthpolesatpolesA,B,C
andD.TheRotatingnorthandsouthpolesA,B,C,andDrotatesbecauseofACvoltageis
removefromlinesL1andL2,therotatingpolesatpolesstopsrotatingbecauseofinertia,the
rotorRremainsrotating.Therotormayrotatefewsecondsorevenminutesdependingupon
theloaditcarries.

(A)RotorRwillstillrotateeveniftheACvoltageatlinesL1andL2isremoved.

MotorControlcircuitsDynamicBraking

(B)RotorRcometostopimmediatelyiftheACvoltageatlinesL1andL2issubstitutedbyaDCvoltage.

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IfafterremovingtheACvoltageatlinesL1andL2isimmediatelysubstitutedbyDCvoltage,a
steady(nonerotating)northandsouthpolesstaysatpolesA,B,C,andD.Seefigureabove
(B).ThesesteadynorthandsouthpolesatpolesA,B,C,andDwilllocktherotorRandwill
causeittostopimmediately.

Diode
ADiodeisadevicethatallowstheflowofcurrentinonedirectionbutblocksthecurrentintheopposite
direction.SeeFigurebelow(b)and(c).

(a)Anactualandschematicdiagramofadiode.

(b)Ahalfwaverectifierwherethediodeisconducting

(c)Ahalfwaverectifierwherethediodeisnotconducting.

MotorControlcircuitsDynamic
Braking

(d)Afullwavebridgerectifierusing4diodes.

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FullWaveBridgeRectifier
Thefullwaverectifiershowninfigureabove(d)convertstheACvoltageatinputL1andL2to
DCvoltageattheoutputloadL.

Operationoffullwaverectifier
Duringthepositivehalfcycle,currentflowsinlineL1,D1downtoloadL,D3,andlineL2.This
giveapositivecurrent(downwardDirection)intheloadL.Duringthenegativehalfcycle,
currentflowsfromD2downtoloadL,D4,andlineL1.Thisalsogiveapositivecurrent
(downwarddirection)intheloadL.NoticesincethedirectionattheloadL1isalways
downward,theAcinputatlinesL1andL2isconvertedtopulsatingDcoutputintheloadL

CircuitOperationofaDynamicBraking
Figuresbelow(A)and(B)illustratethepowerandcontrolcircuitofaDynamicBraking.Note
thecontactorChas2normallyclosedauxiliarycontactsC(1112)andC(2122).
PressingthestartpushbuttonwillenergizecontactorC.ContactC(1314)willclosedto
maintainthecontrolcircuit.ContactsC(12,34,56)willclosetoenergizemotorMtolinesL1,
L2,andL3.ContactsC(1112)andC(2122)willopentoensurethatnoDCcurrentfromthe
bridgerectifiercanenterthemotorwindingsatterminalsT2andT3whilethemotoris
operatingunderanACsource.

(A)ControlcircuitoftheDynamicBraking.

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PressingthestoppushbuttonwilldeenergizecontactorC.ContactorC(1415)willopenand
releasethecontrolcircuitfrommaintainedcondition.ContactC(12,34,56)willopentode
energizethemotorM.ContactsC(1112)andC(2123)willreturntocloseposition.AtThis
conditionthemotormaystillrunsomeseveralrounds.

(B)PowercircuitoftheDynamicBraking.

Usingthedynamicbrake(DB)pushbuttonforstoppingthemotorinsteadoftheordinarypush
button.IftheDBpushbuttonispressedinsteadofthestoppushbutton,contactorCwillalso
deenergized.ContactC(1314)willopen.AlsocontactC(12,34,56)willopentodisconnect
themotorsforlinesL1,L2andL3.Contact(1112)andC(2123)willreturntocloseposition.
IftheDBpushbuttonispressedfurthertoshortitscontactsDB(34),thedynamicbrake
contactorDBisenergized.ContactDB(1112)willopentoensurethecontactorCwillnotbe
energized.ContactsDB(12)andDB(34)willclosetopermittheDCcurrentfromthebridge
rectifierBtoenterthemotorwindingsatterminalsT2andT3.Thiswillbringaboutthesudden
stoppingofmotorM.

ReadNextArticle:>FLOATSWITCHMOTORPUMPCONTROL
BacktoPreviousArticle:<AUTOTRANSFORMERREDUCEVOLTAGESTARTER
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