FIRST TERM EXAMINATION.

HYDROLOGY
21, 2016

JULY

Test I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. ______________ is water released from clouds in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow,
or hail. It is the primary connection in the water cycle that provides for the delivery of
atmospheric water to the Earth.
a. Evaporation
b. Precipitation
c. Infiltration
d. Condensation
2. ______________ is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor. It is
the primary pathway that water moves from the liquid state back into the water cycle as
atmospheric water vapor.
a. Evaporation
b. Precipitation
c. Infiltration
d. Condensation
3. ______________ is the process by which water vapor in the air is changed into liquid water.
It is crucial to the water cycle because it is responsible for the formation of clouds.
a. Evaporation
b. Precipitation
c. Infiltration
d. Condensation
4. _______________ is defined as the water lost to the atmosphere from the ground surface,
evaporation from the capillary fringe of the groundwater table, and the transpiration of
groundwater by plants whose roots tap the capillary fringe of the groundwater table.
a. Evaporation
b. Precipitation
c. Infiltration
d. None
of
the
above
5. A _______________ is the area of land where all of the water that falls in it and drains off of
it goes to the same place. It can be as small as a footprint or large enough to encompass
all the land that drains water into rivers that drain into the Bay, where it enters the
Ocean.
a. Watershed
b. Forest
c. Ground
d. None
of
the
above
6. The imaginary line that outlines the boundary of a drainage basin is called the
_______________ and is determined by the topography of the land.
a. Basin divide

b. Contour map

c. Terrain

d. None

of

the

map
above
7. The time of concentration is the amount of time needed for runoff to flow from the most
hydraulically remote point in the drainage basin to the _______________.
a. Point of analysis

b. Ocean

c. lakes

d. none

of

the

above
8. Overland flow is characterized by sheet flow down a relatively featureless slope similar to
the manner in which water flows across a pavement. It is the slowest of all types of flow
and is computed by either a nomograph or ____________________.
a. Mannings formula

b. Empirical formula

c. Darcys

d. None of the above

formula
9. ______________ is usually the last and the fastest flow to occur along the hydraulic path.
a. Overland flow

b. Stream flow

c. Shallow

d. None

of

the

concentrated
above
10. It is a type of precipitation in the form of water drops of size larger than 0.5mm to 6mm.
a. Rain
b. Snow
c. Hail
d. Sleet
11. It is a type of precipitation in the form of small balls or lumps usually consisting of
concentric layers of clear ice and compact snow.
a. Rain
b. Snow
c. Hail
d. Sleet
12. Rainfall and other forms of precipitation are measured in terms of __________, the values
being expressed in millimeters.
a. Depth
b. Height
c. Width
d. Length
13. The instrument used to collect and measure the precipitation is called _____________.
a. Telemeter
b. Hydrometer
c. Rain gauge
d. None of the above
14. The meteorological __________ is the powerful instrument for measuring the area extent,
location and movement of rainstorm.
a. Radar

b. satellite

c. Doppler

d. None of the above

15. In calculating the rate of runoff in a stream resulting from a rainfall event, we must first
determine the size of the ___________ over which the rain falls.
a. Area
b. Volume
c. Weight
d. None of the above
16. Delineating the basin divide is done on a ____________ of the land surrounding the stream
and is the first step in computing runoff.
a. Satellite map
b. Contour map
c. Isohyetal map
d. None of the above
17. It is that portion of precipitation that makes its way toward stream channels, lakes, or
oceans as surface flow.
a. Overland Flow
b. Runoff
c. Rainfall
d. None of the above
18. This is a type of runoff where water that has remained on the surface moves as overland
or channel flow.
a. Surface flow
b. Interflow
c. Base flow
d. None of the above
19. This is a type of runoff where the water that has entered the upper soil profile moves
laterally through the soil profile and reappears as surface flow at a downstream point.
a. Surface flow
b. Interflow
c. Base flow
d. None of the above
20. The principal climatic factors that affect the amount of runoff for a given watershed are
a. Rainfall duration and
b. Season of the year c. Meteorologic and
d. All of the above
intensity
frozen soil conditions
21. Watershed factors affecting runoff are land slope, shape, soil, and land use. The principal
effect of land slope is on the rate of runoff. That is, runoff will flow faster on
a. Pavements
b. Steeper slopes
c. Average slope d. None of the above
22. The type of soil has a major effect on runoff due to its _________________ rate.
a. Porosity
b. Capillarity
c. Infiltration
d. None of the above
23. In calculating the rate of runoff in a stream resulting from a rainfall event, we must first
determine the ______________ over which the rain falls.
a. Size of the area

b. Velocity

of

c. Time

of

d. None

of

the

runoff
concentration
above
24. Delineating the basin divide is done on a ___________ map of the land surrounding the
stream and is the first step in computing runoff.
a. Satellite
b. Road
c. Contour
d. None of the above
25. When the size of the drainage basin has been determined, the next step in finding the
rate of runoff, Q, is to compute the ______________________.
a. Time

of

b. Intensity of rainfall

c. Runoff

d. None

of

the

concentration
coefficient
above
26. Hydrologic soil group B have _________ infiltration rates and consists chiefly of moderately
deep and well drained soils.
a. Low
b. high
c. moderate
d. extreme
27. Hydrologic soil group D have ________ runoff potential and _________ infiltration rates even
when thoroughly wetted.
a. Low, high
b. High, low
28. Which is not one of the three major types of runoff?

c. Low, low

d. High, high

a. Surface flow
b. Interflow
c. Base flow
d. Flood flow
29. This parameter represents the hydrologic soil cover complex of the watershed such as
the effects of soil, watershed characteristics and land use
a. Mannings
roughness
coefficient

b. Runoff
coefficient

c. Curve number

d. None of the
above

Test II. APPLICATION.

Problem. An urbanizing watershed is shown in
the Figure on the right. The flow conditions
shown are for the anticipated urbanized state.
Four types of flow exist in the flow path from
the hydraulically most distant point of the
watershed to the outlet. Compute the travel
times (Tt) for each segment and the Tc for the
present condition based on the following data:
Present Condition
Segment

Description of Flow Path

Slope

Overland

2.0%

Length
A to B
ft

120

(short grass, n = 0.15, P2 = 75mm)

B to C

Waterway (unpaved)

5.0%

600 ft
C to D

Small channel, triangular tall bluegrass

(b = 5, d = 1, n = 0.04)

D to E

Large channel, brushy, trapezoidal 0.50%

3,000 ft
(b = 20 ft, d = 12 ft, inclined slope z = 1:1, n =
0.035)

1.5% 1,500 ft