SEGFoundationStudentFieldTrip14

COPPERGOLDSILVERMOLYBDENUMMETALLOGENYOFNORTHERNCHILE

March614,2015

SelectedReferences

General References Northern Chile Geology

Davidson, J., and Mpodozis, C., 1991, Regional geologic setting of epithermal gold deposits,
Chile: Economic Geology, v. 86, p. 1174-1186.
Einaudi, M.T., Hedenquist, J.W., and Inan, E.E., 2003, Sulfidation state of fluids in active and
extinct hydrothermal systems: Transitions from porphyry to epithermal precious metal
deposits: Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication 10, p. 285-314.
Hedenquist, J.W., Arribas, A., Jr., and Gonzales-Urien, E., 2000, Exploration for epithermal gold
deposits: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 13, p. 245-277.
Rivera, S.L., Vila, Toms, and Osorio, Jorge, 2004, Geologic characteristics and exploration
significance of gold-rich porphyry copper deposits in the el Salvador Region, Northern Chile:
Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication 11, p. 97-111.
Sillitoe, R.H., 1979, Some thoughts on gold-rich porphyry copper deposits: Mineralium Deposita,
v. 14, p. 161-174.
_____1991, Gold metallogeny of Chilean introduction: Economic Geology, v. 86, p. 11871205.
_____2000, Gold-rich porphyry copper deposits: Descriptive and genetic models and their role
in exploration and discovery: Reviews in Economic Geology, v. 13, p .315-345.

Deposit Models
Candela, P.A. and Piccoli, P.M., 2005, Magmatic processes in the development of porphyrytype ore systems: in J.W. Hedenquist, J.F.H. Thompson, R.J. Goldfarb and J.P. Richards,
eds., Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, p. 25-37.
Espinosa, E., Veliz G., H., Esquivel, J., Arias F., J. and B.A. Moraga, 1996, The Cupriferous
Province of the Coastal Range, Northern Chile: SEG Special Publication No. 5 Andean
Copper Deposits, 171-190.
Groves, D.I., Bierlein, F.P., Meinert, L.D. and M.W. Hitzman, 2010, Iron oxide copper-gold
(IOCG) deposits through earth history: Implications for origin, lithospheric setting, and
distinction from other epigenetic iron oxide deposits: Economic Geology, v. 105, p. 641-654,
doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.105.3.641
Meinert, L.D., Dipple, G.M. and S.M. Nicolescu, 2005, World Skarn Deposits: in J.W.
Hedenquist, J.F.H. Thompson, R.J. Goldfarb and J.P. Richards, eds., Economic Geology
100th Anniversary Volume, p. 299-336.

SFT14SelectedReferences,continued

Proffett, J.M., 2009, High Cu grades in porphyry Cu deposits and their relationship to
emplacement depth of magmatic sources: Geology, v. 37, p. 675-678.
Seedorff, E., et al., 2005, Porphyry deposits- characteristics and origin of hypogene features: in
J.W. Hedenquist, J.F.H. Thompson, R.J. Goldfarb and J.P. Richards, eds., Economic Geology
100th Anniversary Volume, p. 251-298.
Sillitoe, R.H., 2010, Porphyry copper systems: Economic Geology, v. 105, p. 3-41.
Sillitoe, R.H. and H. Perell, 2005, Andean Copper Province: Tectonomagmatic Settings,
Deposit Types, Metallogeny, Exploration and Discovery: in J.W. Hedenquist, J.F.H.
Thompson, R.J. Goldfarb and J.P. Richards, eds., Economic Geology 100th Anniversary
Volume, p. 845-890.
Simmons, SF., White, N.C. and D.A. John, 2005, Geological characteristics of epithermal
precious and base metal deposits: in J.W. Hedenquist, J.F.H. Thompson, R.J. Goldfarb and
J.P. Richards, eds., Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, p. 485-522.
Singer, D.A., Berger, V.I., and Moring, B.C., 2008, Porphyry copper deposits of the world:
Database and grade and tonnage models: U.S. Geological Survey open-file report 2008-1155,
version 1.0, (http:pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1155/).
Williams, P.J., et al., 2005, Iron oxide copper gold deposits: Geology, space time distribution,
and possible modes of origin: in J.W. Hedenquist, J.F.H. Thompson, R.J. Goldfarb and J.P.
Richards, Eds., Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, p. 371-406.

Hydrothermal Processes
Beane, R.E., 1982, Hydrothermal alteration in silicate rocks: Southwestern North America, in
Titley, S.R., ed., Advances in geology of the porphyry copper deposits southwestern North
America: Tucson, Univ. Arizona Press, p. 117-138.
Beane, R.E. and Bodnar, R.J., 1995, Hydrothermal fluids and hydrothermal alteration in
porphyry copper deposits, in F.W. Pierce and J.G. Bolm, eds., Porphyry copper deposits of the
American Cordillera: Arizona Geological Society Digest 20, p. 83-93.
Kouzamanov, K., and Pokrovski, G.S., 2012, Hydrothermal controls on metal distribution in
porphyry Cu (Mo-Au) systems: Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication 16, p. 573618.

Supergene Processes
Chavez, W.X., Jr., 2000, Supergene oxidation of copper deposits: zoning and distribution of
copper oxide minerals: Society of Economic Geologists Newsletter, no. 41, p. l-21.

SFT14SelectedReferences,continued

Titley, S.R. and Marozas, D.C., 1995, Processes and products of supergene copper enrichment,
in Pierce, F.W., and Balm, J.G., eds., Porphyry copper deposits of the American Cordillera:
Arizona Geological Society Digest 20, p. 156-168.
Gilmour, P., 1995, A field guide to leached capping interpretation, in Pierce, F.W., and Balm,
J.G., eds., Porphyry copper deposits of the American Cordillera: Arizona Geological Society
Digest 20, p. 169-179.
Sillitoe, R.H., 2005, Supergene oxidized and enriched porphyry copper and related deposits:
Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume, p. 723-768.

Punta Del Cobre Mine

Marschik, R. and Fontbot, L, 1996, Copper)-Iron) Mineralization and superposition of alteration
events in the Punta Del Cobre Belt, Northern Chile, SEG Special Publication No. 5 Andean
Copper Deposits, 171-190.
Marschik, R. and Fontbot, L., 2001, The Candelaria-Punta del Cobre Iron Oxide Cu-Au (Zn-Ag)
Deposits, Chile: Economic Geology, 96, 1799-1826,
(doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.96.8.1799)

Esperanza High Sulfidation System

Perell, J., Brockway, H. and Martini, R., 1997, Copper (iron) mineralization and superposition
of alteration events in the Punta Del Cobre Belt, Northern Chile, SEG Special Publication No.
7 Andean Metallogeny: New Discoveries, Concepts, and Updates, p. 167-186.

Atacama Kozn Mine

(references needed)

Manto Verde Mine

Vila, T., Lindsay, N., and R. Zamora, 1996, Geology of the Manto Verde Copper Deposit,
Northern Chile: A specularite-rich, hydrothermal-tectonic breccia related to the Atacama Fault
Zone, SEG Special Publication No. 5 Andean Copper Deposits, 158-170.
Benavides, J., Kyser, T.K., Clark, A.H., Oates, C.J., Zamora, R., Tarnovschi, R., and B. Castillo,
2007, The Mantoverde iron oxide-copper-gold district, III Regin, Chile: The role of regionally
derived, nonmagmatic fluids in chalcopyrite mineralization, Economic Geology, 102, 415-440,
doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.102.3.415
Rieger, A.A., Marschik, R., Daz, M., Hlzl, S., Chiaradia, M., Akker, B., and J.E. Spangenberg,
2010, The hypogene iron oxide copper-gold mineralization in the Mantoverde District, Northern
Chile, Economic Geology, 105, 1271-1299, (doi:10.2113/econgeo.105.7.1271)

SFT14SelectedReferences,continued

Franke Mine
KGHM, 2013, Franke Mine, Chile (non-technical report):
http://kghm.com/files/CSR%20IndividualDocs/WEB_KGHM_Franke_CSR_2013.pdf

El Guanaco Mine
Austral Gold
http://www.australgold.com.au/Projects-and-Investments/Guanaco-Project
http://www.australgold.com.au/Portals/46/Content/Documents/2014%20AGD%20Annual%20Re
port.pdf

Fortuna Del Cobre Mine

Perell, J., Urza, J., Cabello, J. and Ortiz, F, 1996, Clustered, gold-bearing Oligocene porphyry
copper and associated epithermal mineralization at La Fortuna, Vallenar Region, Northern
Chile, SEG Special Publication No. 5 Andean Copper Deposits, 81-90.