AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

. ABSTRACT
This is a demonstration and prototyping project for a 3 level car parking system using
PLC control. It is a mechatronics project where combine the knowledge of mechanical and
electrical and electronics in the project. The objectives of this project were design and
implement an elevator with DC motor. The elevator should able fetch car and move up and down
follow an input instruction. This project uses a PLC as the control system to control all the
activities. The input device like sensors, limit switch and push button will send a signal to PLC
and PLC will made a response. The response normally involves turning ON or OFF an output
signal to some of out devices. The motion of the elevator is control by PLC. A control panel will
design as the input devices for PLC. We are monitoring the whole automatic car parking system
with the help of SCADA This project is suggesting to be installed in hotel, office building,
shopping centre situated in the congested town area and the airport car park.

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

2. INTRODUCTION

Automation is basically the delegation of human control function to technical

equipment for increasing productivity, increasing quality, reducing cost, increasing safety in
working conditionszineers strive to combine automated devices with mathematical and
organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications
and human activities. Automation (ancient Greek: = self dictated), roboticization or industrial
automation or numerical control is the use of control systems such as computers to control
industrial machinery and processes, replacing human operators. In the scope of
industrialization, it is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human
operators with machinery to assist them with the physical requirements of work, automation
greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well.

One man can do the work of a hundred ordinary men, but no machine can do the work
of an extra-ordinary man.
In this fast developing science revolutionary era, automation of industry has become a
necessity. A PLC(Programmable Logic Controller) is a programmable system used for
automation. The Programmable Logic Controller may be defined as A PLC is a microprocessor
based specialized computer that carries out control functions of many types and levels of
complexity. We have designed a kit for automating a car parking system. For this a PLC has
been used. The PLC has been pre-programmed and is the brain of the system. It reads the inputs
from the various sensors and makes logical decisions. Accordingly the necessary operation is
carried out. In case of occurrence of a failure, the protective measure is also taken. Our project
illustrates only a simple application of the PLC, while the PLC is a powerful tool the applications
of which are innumerable and complex.
Automatic parking systems are a contemporary answer to the increasing number of cars
and the limited number of free space available for purposes, especially in city areas. Savings in
construction volume of up to 50% is characteristic for automatic parking systems based on their
compact warehouse design, coupled with effective transport system. In this project, we will
discuss the automation process of an automatic parking system. This system will be controlled
by PLC and SCADA. This system has been tested and worked well, so it is possible to apply this
system nowadays.

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

3. LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1 Historical Aspects:

Over the years, car parking systems and the accompanying technologies have increased
and diversified. Car parking systems have been around almost since the time cars were
invented. In any area where there is a significant amount of traffic, there are car parking
systems. Car Parking systems were developed in the early 20th century in response to the need
for storage space for vehicles.
Mechanical parking systems were first introduced in the U.S. using freight elevators
about the time of World War I. During the 1920s and 1930s a series of other patents were
granted but it was not until the late 1940s that the Bowser, Pigeon Hole and Roto Park systems
became operational and installed in numerous locations. Some of these early systems were
vertical elevator lift modules that placed cars on upper levels of a structure to be moved by
attendant and others mechanical devices that could move vehicles into slots in a framework
built around a central corridor. Capacities ranged typically from less than 100 spaces to more
than 600. All of these early days systems shared common characteristicthe use of a site
area much smaller than the area needed for a conventional garage. During the next twenty-five
years many of these systems operated for up to twenty years or soa few remain in operation
today. Problems related to the timely delivery of patron vehicles due largely to inoperative
elevator and mechanical systems caused many units to be dismantled. For the next twentyyears there was some discussion of advanced mechanical garage systems appearing in Europe
and Asia, but no major projects which were planned on were constructed in the U.S.

During the past decade the constant demand for parking, especially in large urban
centers, created a new U.S. interest in these high technology foreign systemsautomated,
computer-based systems that added speed, reliability and safety to the basic garage types
invented fifty years earlier. European and Asian manufacturers have begun to market their
systems and establish offices in the U.S. Several U.S. firms also have entered the marketplace
and created greater local interest in Automated parking. System manufacturers or marketers
now include such names as TREVI, Klaus, Krups, Wohr, Robotic, APS, HK Systems, Stokes,

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

Comparison: Automated vs. Traditional Parking Space

Traditional Parking System

Top view

Top view

Side view

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Automated Parking System

Size view

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

Land Use

1,400 sqm

Land Use

1,400 sqm

Total Parking Bays

210 cars

Total Parking Bays

402 cars

Building Height

23 meters

Building Height

23 meters

Construction Area

6,696 sqm

Construction Area

6,696 sqm

Security Guard

6 persons

Security Guard

2 persons

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

AREA OF CONCENTRATION

The main area of concentration of this project is to solve the problem of space
requirement for parking and also to make it automated.

Following are the area concentration in our project

AUTOMATION:-

The main area of concentration is to provide automated car parking system. For this
purpose we have implement programming using RSLOGIX 500 and interface this programming
with the help of RSLINX to control room.

SPACE REQUIREMENT:-

We build mechanical in such a way that it will park number of cars in a smaller area and
overcomes with issues regarding space requirement.

REDUCTION IN HUMAN:-

This prototype model provides reduction in human efforts as it facilitates the monitoring
of whole system in a centered control room. This can be achieved by using SCADA software for
visual purpose.

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

RELATED WORK
Theoretical Study

In general, a Control system is a collection of electronic devices and equipment, which are
in place to ensure the stability, accuracy and smooth transition of a process or manufacturing
activity. It takes any form and varies in scale of implementation, from a power plant to
semiconductor machine. As a result of advancement of technology, complicated control tasks
accomplished with a highly automated control system, which may be in the form of
Programmable logic Controller (PLC) and possibly a host computer. Besides signal interfacing to
the field such as operator panel, motor, sensors, switch, solenoid valves and etc, capabilities in
network communication enable a big scale implementation and process co-ordination besides
providing greater providing greater flexibility in realizing distributed system. Every single
component in a control system plays an important role regardless of size

INPUT DEVICES

PLC

Sensor

OUTPUT DEVICES

Input
intereface

Switches

CPU

Output
interface

Motor

Memory

Push
In signals

Out signals
Fig.6.1. Block diagram

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

Input Devices:
Intelligence of an auto system is greatly depending on the ability of a PLC to read in the signal
from various types of automatic sensing and manual input field devices. Push-button, key pad
and toggle switches that form the basic man machine interface any type of manual input
device. On the other hand, for detection of work piece monitoring of moving mechanism,
checking pressure or liquid level and many other, The PLC will have to tap the signal from the
specific automatic sensing devices like Proximity switch, limit switch, photoelectric sensor, and
level sensor and so on. Types of input signal to PLC would be ON/OFF logic or analog. These
input signals are interface to PLC though various types o PLC input module.

Output Devices
An automatic system is incomplete and the PLC system is virtually paralyzed without means of
interface to the field output devices. Some of the most commonly control devices are Motors.
Solenoids, relays, indicators, buzzers and etc. through activation of motor and solenoids the PLC
can control from a simple pick and place system to a much complex servo positioning system.
These types of output devices the mechanism of automated system and so its direct effects on
the system performance. However, other output devices such as pilot lamp, buzzer and alarms
are merely meant for notifying purpose. Like input signal interfacing signal from output devices
are interfaces to PLC through the wide range of PLC output module.

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

PLC:-

BLOCK DIAGRAM

The PLC, also known as programmable controller is defined by the National Electrical
Manufacturers Association (NEMA) in 1978 as:

"a digitally operating electronic apparatus which uses a programmable memory for the
internal storage of instructions for implementing specific functions, such as logic, sequencing,
timing, counting and arithmetic, to control through digital or analog input/output, various types
of machines or process".

A PLC consist of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) containing an application program and
input and output interface modules, which are directly connected 6to the field I/O devices. The
program controls the PLC so that when an input signal from an input device turns ON, the
appropriate response is made. The response normally involves turning ON an output signal
some sort of output devices.

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

Hardware Requirement

PLC

The Bulletin 1766, MicroLogix 1400 programmable controller contains a power supply,
input and output circuits, a processor, an isolated combination RS-232/485 communication
port, an Ethernet port, and a non-isolated RS-232 communication port. Each controller supports
32 discrete I/O points (20 digital inputs, 12 discrete outputs) and 6 analog I/O points(4 analog
inputs and 2 analog output: 1766-L32BWAA, -AWAA and -BXBA only).

The hardware features of the controller are shown below.

Fig.

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

Hardware Features

Sr.No.

Description

Comm port 2 - 9-pin D-Shell RS-232C connector

Memory module (refer to MicroLogix 1400 Memory Module Installation

Instructions, publication 1766-IN010A for instructions on installing the
memory module).

User 24V (for 1766-BWA and 1766-BWAA only)

Input terminal block

LCD Display Keypad (ESC, OK, Up, Down, Left, Right)

Battery compartment

1762 expansion bus connector

Battery connector

Output terminal block

10

LCD Display

11

Indicator LED panel

12

Comm port 1 - RJ45 connector

13

Comm port 0 - 8-pin mini DIN RS-232C/RS-485 connector

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

PROXIMITY SENSOR
A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect
presence of nearby objects without any physical
contact.

the

A proximity sensor often emits an

electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic
radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks for
changes in the field or return signal. The object being
sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's
target. Different proximity sensor targets demand
different sensors. For example, a capacitive or photoelectric sensor might be suitable for a
plastic target; an inductive proximity sensor always requires a metal target. A proximity sensor
adjusted to a very short range is often used as a touch switch.

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

DC GEAR MOTOR
The geared instrument dc motor is ideally suited to a wide
range of applications requiring a combination of low speed operation
and small unit size. The integral iron core DC motor provides smooth
operation and a bidirectional variable speed capability while the
gearhead utilises a multistage metal spur gear train rated for a working
torque up to 0.2Nm. The unit, which is suitable for mounting in any
attitude, provides reliable operation over a wide ambient temperature
range and is equipped with an integral VDR (voltage dependant
resistor) electrical suppression system to minimise electrical
interference. The motor unit offers a range of gear ratio options for operating speeds from 5200 rpm and is ideally suited to applications where small size and low unit price are important
design criteria.
b. Rack and pinion gear assembly

A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair of gears which
convert rotational motion into linear motion. A circular gear called "the pinion" engages teeth
on a linear "gear" bar called "the rack"; rotational motion applied to the pinion causes the rack
to move, thereby translating the rotational motion of the pinion into the linear motion of the
rack.
For example, in a rack railway, the rotation of a pinion mounted on a locomotive or a
railcar engages a rack between the rails and pulls a train along a steep
slope.
Fig. 6.2.4.b.
c. Worm gear assembly

Worms and worm gears are gear sets that offer high gear reduction and
torque multiplication with a small footprint. A worm drive is a cylindrical
gear with a shallow spiral thread that engages the worm gear in a nonintersecting, perpendicular axes configuration.

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

Fig. 6.2.4.c.

CHESTER WHEEL

It will provide mechanical smoothness to the motion of circular motor car parking prototype.

Software Requirement
RS Logix 500

RSLogix programming packages are compatible with programs created with Rockwell Software's
DOS-based programming packages for the SLC 500 and MicroLogix families of processors,
making program maintenance across hardware platforms convenient and easy. In addition,
RSLogix 500 benefits include:
Ladder
Consolidate and display all project information as a Project Tree with "Point-and-Click"
accessibility. Edit several rungs simultaneously and/or program using symbols that you have not
yet assigned addresses to using the Program Editor. Correct errors at your convenience using
the Project Verifier.
Cross-Reference Information
Move to any rung or instruction you need by clicking on the cross-referenced item using the
Online Cross-Reference. View cross-reference information simultaneously with your control
program online or on a report.
Drag-and-Drop Editing
Add addresses to instructions by dragging them from the Data Table Monitor, Database Files, or
the Address/Symbols Picker to the desired instruction, or quickly move instructions within a
project or from one project to another, or move data table elements from one data file to
another.

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

Diagnostics
Locate problem areas in your application using Advanced Diagnostics.
Locate and replace addresses and description text easily using Search
and Replace. Examine the status of data table elements simultaneously
with the Custom Display Monitor. Review status bit settings including
scan time, math registers and interrupt settings using Tabbed Displays.
Access I/O configurations, program files, data table files and more from
the Consolidated Project View.

Wonderwear In-touch

Wonderware InTouch visualisation software is a powerful SCADA/HMI for industrial

automation, process control and supervisory monitoring. InTouch enables users to visualise and
control processes while providing engineers with an easy-to-use development environment and
extensive functionality to rapidly create, test and deploy powerful automation applications that
connect and deliver real-time information. InTouch software is an open and extensible HMI that
enables flexibility in custom application design with connectivity to the broadest set of
automation devices in the industry.

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

6.4. Flow Chart:ENTRANCE GATE

PROXIMITY SENSOR
(Senses the availability of car)

If CAR is
AVAILABLE

If CAR is
NOT AVAILABLE

SCADA displays
the availability
of car &

SCADA displays
the
Non-availability

Elevator
mechanism

OPERATOR enters
the slot number
into the SCADA &
ELEVATOR
mechanism park
the car into

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

WORKING:

Working of automatic car parking is simply based on the flow chart shown in figure.

As the car enters into the range of proximity sensor, sensor senses the car and sends a
signal to the PLCs port. SCADA which receives the signal from the port of PLC indicates
availability of car to the operator.

Operator, after verifying the car related information, enters the empty slot number and
elevator mechanism is triggered with the help of PLCs output port. In order to provide the 12V
dc voltage to the elevator mechanism, relay circuitary is used to connect the battery output
12V to the elevator mechanism.

In order to pick-up a car, elevator mechanism performs operation in three different

stages. In first stage stacker, consisting of simple dc motor, comes out and lift the car. Once car
is lifted, stacker is pulled back and elevator moves up to the desired floor. In third stage, stacker
comes out of the elevator mechanism, elevator is lifted down, and hence, once the car is
parked into the floor, the stacker is pulled back of the elevator mechanism.

Now, elevator mechanism is again ready for next operation of car re-parking, thus, the above operation
is repeated for further car parking

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

Ladde
rLogic
Diagr
am:

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

SCADA:
It is Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition.
It is centralised medium which provides monitoring of various programs

implemented on PLCs.

SCADA Software
Communication Cable

Control Hardware
Field Cabling

Junction Box
Field Cabling

Sensors Placed in the field

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

8. CONCLUSION

Automatic parking. Quite simple.

The average driver spends about 90 minutes a day in the car. So the car has to spend the
other 22.5 hours parked - somewhere. But more and more, finding a parking place is becoming a
challenge, especially in big cities and popular destinations. Planners, developers, architects and
engineers are all looking for viable solutions.
An opportunity to bring the technology of automated parking to where its needed
most. These advanced automated parking systems are extraordinarily well-designed. The
advantages are clear. The systems are scalable and adapt to virtually any architectural footprint.
Whats more, they are fast, efficient and environmentally sound.
Simply economic.
Worldwide, city centers are the core of modern life, work and society. However, traffic
volume has far outstripped the parking designed to handle it.
Whether for commercial or residential areas, the increasing demand for parking has
brought with it infrastructure headaches for municipalities...and it frequently means lost revenue
as drivers take their business elsewhere. Automatic parking systems are able to solve these core
problems more economically than conventional parking garages. Quite simply, they create more
parking from less space and consume fewer resources
Simply aesthetic.
As cities reinvent themselves for the future with sustainable planning and development,
they keep an eye toward making their redefined landscape attractive and functional.
An automatic parking system enhances the utility and beauty of a building. They offer
architects and city planners more choices than just a closed facade in an existing structure.
Automatic parking has advantages over conventional parking in nearly every aspect of beauty
and utility. In fact, its greatest beauty is that it can often be made invisible.
Simply ecological.
In 2007, the worlds population passed a milestone: for the first time in history, more
people live in cities than outside of them. By 2030, more than 60% of the worlds population will
live in cities.
This means that cities will have to become more innovative in providing quality living
and services in an ecologically sound manner. Currently, cities use more than 75% of the energy
produced, and create more than 80% of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions. One way to
reduce the carbon footprint of cities is by reducing the hunt for parking. An abundance of
automated parking means fewer cars on the road, less congestion, and cleaner air for everyone.

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

Advantages
Efficient.
Time saver.
Car safety.
Safer for driver.
Environmental friendly.
Aesthetics

APPLICATIONAND FUTURE SCOPE

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AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING USING PLC & SCADA

When a vehicle arrived for parking, there is a chance of probability to extend this system
along with the identity cards .The LCD displays the empty spaces availability of
that particular rack. Then user has to enter his password, provided the first digit must be the
empty space in which he wishes to park his vehicle thus ensuring protection. Again if he
entered correct password then only the exit gate will be opened for him. If the
person removes another vehicle then the sensors that are provided beneath
every parking place gives a buzzer sound which is being provided and automatically the exit
gate gets closed providing security to vehicle owner. B y t h i s i m p l e m e n t a t i o n i n t h e
c i r c u i t , p a r k i n g p r o b l e m i s s o l v e d a n a l s o i t p r e v e n t s vehicle thefts.

Also we can implement database management system which provides detail

information about vehicle i.e. arrival and departure time, date and day, vehicle number...etc.
Due to this we we can access past information about vehicles in case of any emergencies from
the database.It enhances the security standards for parking system.

10. REFERENCES
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[1].C.-Y. Chan, A treatise on crash sensing for automotive air bag

systems, IEEE/ASME Trans. Mechatronics, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 220234,
Jun. 2002.
2] M. Jagiella, S. Fericean, and A. Dorneich, Progress and recent realizations
of miniaturized inductive proximity sensors for automation,
IEEE Sensors J., vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 17341741, Dec. 2006.
[3] M. Norgia and C. Sevelto, RF-capacitive proximity sensor for safety
applications, in Proc. IEEE IMTC, Warsaw, Poland, May 13, 2007,
pp. 14.

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