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Monist
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VOL. XXI.
JANUARY, 1911.
NO. i.
THE MONIST
SCHOPENHAUER'S TYPE OF IDEALISM.
nature
world
objects. Suppose
MY objectview
in of
thisthepaper
is of
to the
bring
outofSchopenhauer's
that the reader and I are in a university lecture room, what,
we may ask, are the desk, the seats, the floor, the walls and
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THE MONIST.
fact, the critical realist and critical idealist may not rad
ically disagree, their opposed names being simply descrip
tive of the contrasted points of view from which they set
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outside our bodies. Our bodies are objects like any other
objects; they are made up of sensations and the form which
the mind gives them, just as the table or the seats are ; and
just as the desk is separate from the seats, so is my body
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THE MONIST.
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world are leaves of one and the same book;11 they are
eCf. the passage from the first edition of the Dissertation, "Ueber die
vierfache Wurzel etc." (Rudolstadt, 1813), p. 33, cited by J. Volkelt, Arthur
Schopenhauer (3d ed., 1907), pp. 77"7&
7 Werke, III, 6.
8 Werke, I, op. cit., 21.
9 Werke, II, 214.
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THE MONIST.
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us and our own bodies including our brains and the finest
elements of which they are composed-all these are only
our experience (or somebody's experience, or if not at any
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THE MONIST.
solute idealist says not only that the things we know are
our experience, but that there are no things outside of ex
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IO
THE MONIST.
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* Werke, VI, 97
* Geschichte der Philosophie (4th ed.), III, 285 and 290 n. Ueberweg
says that Schopenhauer by his sweeping assertion, Kein Objekt ohne Subjekt,
denies the Transcendentales Objekt or Ding an sich, which Kant allowed.
91 Op. cit., 155-156. Cf. Hartmann, Gesammelte Studien und Aufs tze
(Berlin, 1876), 637 f., 640f.; Thilo, Ueber Schopenhauers ethischen Atheismus,
15 ff. ; M bius, Ueber Schopenhauer, 57-59.
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12
THE MONIST.
84 Cf. language about the "Begriff Objekt im eigentlichsten Sinn," "der Leib
selbst nicht eigentlich als Objekt," "jede Erkenntniss eines eigentlichen Ob
jekts," (Werke, II, 23). Schopenhauer recognizes the obligation of philosophy
"in allem was sie sagt, sensu stricto et proprio wahr zu sein" ; it goes without
saying however that he often uses words loosely.
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13
one class. They are the things made up out of our sensa
tions-the desks, trees, rivers and lakes, the moon and
stars, our bodies and so on. We can picture them most
definitely. We may believe in the existence of other things
It turns out thus that the objects that are distinct, and
genuinely objects are physical or sensible objects. It is our
height of praise, is it not, to say that something is as plain
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14
THE MONIST.
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15
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i6
THE MONIST.
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17
object and seeks to explain it, but it does not seek to explain
that which asks for an explanation nor the relation which
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i8
THE MONIST.
would really be not what you saw or thought, but you your
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