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DurianInformationADurianBlogDevotedTo"TheKingofFruits"

Durian:CropProductionCycleandOrchardManagement
Practices

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TheOriginofDurian
BotanyofTheCommonDurian
DurianSoilandClimaticRequirements
DurianSeasonsInDurianProduction
Areas
DurianVarietiesInMalaysia
DurianVarietiesInThailand
DurianVarietiesInIndonesia
DurianVarietiesInThePhilippines
DurianVarietiesinVietnam

AdurianorchardinPahang

Durian:CropProductionCycleand
OrchardManagementPractices

Afarmergrowsduriantreestoproducedurianfruits.Thus,allfarmactivitiesina
durianorchard
isdirectedtoachievingaprofitablecropoffruitsinagrowingseason.

OrganicDurianFarming

A"duriancropproductioncycle"generallyreferstothesequenceof
vegetativegrowthandreproductivedevelopmentprocessesoftheduriantrees
andhowthefarmermanipulatestheseprocessesthathaveaneffectonfruit
productionandqualityinagrowingseason.

TermitesControlInFruitOrchards

Whenallthefruitsisharvested,thedurianseasonforthatperiodoftimeis
consideredcompleteandover.Thisisalsothebeginningofanothernewgrowing
season.

Fertlizers

DurianPestsandDiseases
UnevenFruitRipening(UFR)WetCore
andTipBurnInDurian
PruningandTrainingTheDurian
PruningToolsandHowToPrune
DurianGrafting
FoliarFertilizationorFoliarFeeding
DurianReferencesandCropProduction
EstablishingADurianOrchard

Duriancropproductionistheprocedureorhowafarmermanageshisdurian
orchardtoimproveplantgrowth,flowering,fruitset,fruitgrowthandfruit
developmentwiththegoalofimprovingthequantityandqualityofdurianfruits
produced.Howthefarmerpromotessynchronizationandearlyfruitingto
facilitatemarketingstrategyisalsoincludedinthisprocedure.
Durianorchardmanagementincludesmanyfarmactivitiesandtheuseof
productionmaterials.Someoftheseactivitiesarepruning,irrigation,fertilizer
applications,pestsanddiseasecontrol,flowerthinning,assistedpollination,fruit
thinning,controlofyoungshootdevelopmentduringfruitgrowth,harvesting
index,techniques,etc..

LegumeCoverCropsForDurianOrchard
DurianTreeInventoryWhyandHowTo
DoIt
DurianOrchardNearBentong
D197MusangKingDurianorMaoShan
Wong
HowToChoseandEataGoodDurian
HowToOpenADurian
DurianInfo&Services:Departmentof
AgricultureMalaysia
DurianMarketinginMalaysiaandFAMA
ABeginnerGuideToDurianbyTourism

Malaysia
DurianMarketinginThailandandDIT
WhatAmericansandCanadiansSay
AboutTheDurian
Thaifarmerproducesgrafteddurianplants
forsale.
DurianAmbassadorsOnTheWorldWide
Web
DurianVideosOnYouTube
EatDurianForCharity
DurianMoreDelightfulWaysToEat
Durian

Durianfruitsalmostreadyforharvest

PHOTOSSLIDESHOW

ThailandTheLeadingProducerandExporterofDurian
DidyouknowthatthecommondurianisnotindigenoustoThailandbutwas
introducedtocentralThailandin1787fromtheSouthEastregionofMyanmar
andtosouthernThailandfromMalaysia?
Yet,almostalldurianloversknowthatThailandistheleadingproducerand
exporterofduriansintheworldtoday.Thaiduriansarefamousfortheirexotic
tasteandaroma.IfyouseeafrozendurianinthemajorcitiesinEuropean
countries,itcanonlybeaThaidurian!
FOLLOWERS

Thailandisblessedwithabundantrichsoilandclimatewellsuitedtothe
cultivationofdurian.Thepeopleinvolvedwiththedurianindustryishardworking
anddedicated.Theyhavedevelopedappropriatetechnologiesovertheyearsto
improvedurianproductivityandquality.

Manyoftheorchardmanagementpracticesmentionedinthispagearefromthe
EnglishversionoftheoriginalThai"DurianGrower'sIPMNotebook"foruse
byextensionofficerstotrainduriangrowersintheEasternRegionofThailand.
Thismanualisveryinformativeandpractical.

TheotherThairesourceisfromaseminarpaper"Durian(DuriozibethinusL.)
Flowering,FruitSetandPruning"writtenbySurmsukSalakpetch,Directorof
ChanthaburiHorticulturalResearchCenter,Chanthaburi,Thailand.Paper
presentedduringthe15thInternationalTropicalFruitConferenceheldinHawaii,
October2123,2005.
===================================
Thefollowingguidelinesandpracticesareadaptationsfromtheabove2
resourcesforyoutoconsiderandapplyinyourorchard.Thetimelineofthe
differentgrowthstagesaregeneralizedforgraphicpresentations.Youwillhave
toadjustthemonthsorgrowthstagesaccordingtotheactualsituationinyour
farm.

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Pleasefeelfreetoreviewandcommentontheseguidelinesandpractices.

Durianproductiontechnologieshavebeendevelopedbaseduponan
understandingofseveralfactorsandconcepts:thecrop(durian),necessary
productionmaterials,environmentalphysiology,sourcesinkrelationshipsandthe
interactionbetweenthecrop,productionmaterials,environmentalphysiologyand
sourcesinkrelationships.
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DESCRIPTORSFORDURIAN

DurianproductionintheEasternRegionofThailand

Ingeneral,onecropproductioncyclehassevendevelopmentstagesasfollow:

Pdffile1.8MFreeDownloadfrom
Biodiversity
OPENINGTHEDURIAN

DuriangrowthstagesandcropproductionstagesinEasternRegionofThailand

FruitMatureHarvestingPostHarvestStage
FlushingStageLeafGrowthStage
DurianTreePreparationFloweringStage
RecoveryStageFoodCollection
FloweringInitiationStage
FloweringYoungFruitStage
FruitGrowthStage

DURIANSONGINMALAY

EXTREME&CRAZYWAYSTOOPENA
DURIAN

CropProctionCycle:1.MatureHarvestingand
2.LeafFlushingandGrowthStages

1.FruitMatureHarvestingPostHarvestStage
(MaytoJuly)

DURIANSYMBOLOFMYSTIQUE

Dependingontheduriancultivarsorclones,thefruitswillmatureanddrop35
monthsafterflowering.InThailand,mostofthematurefruitsareharvested
manuallyandthenallowedtoripen.InMalaysia,IndonesiaandthePhilippines,
maturefruitsripenonthetreesanddropnaturallyandbecollectedlater.Natural
fruitdropusuallylastabout10weeksandfollowsaspecificpatternafewduring
thefirstweek,thenpeakinginthesecondandthirdweekanddecreasingagainin
thelaterweeks.
Immediatelyafterharvesting,completefertilizersuchas16N16P2O 516K2Oand
cowmanureareappliedtostrengthenthetree.Thedamaged,diseased,dried
andunusedbranchesshouldbeprunedofftopromotetheemergenceofnew
shoots.

Readthisarticle
FREEDURIANBROCHURE

Manualharvestingofmaturedurian

PulauPinangBestDurians

a.Harvesting
Harvestmaturefruitsatthecorrectharvestingindicesorallowthe
fruitstodropnaturally.

EATINGDURIANHOWMUCHISTOO
MUCH

Harvestedfruitshouldnotbeplacedonthegroundtoavoidcontact
withdirtandinfectionbypathogens.
Keeprecordsofharvestsuchasquantityandprice.
Identifygood,fairandnonproductivetreesforfurtheraction.
Immediatelyaftertheharvest,theduriantreesmustbeprunedandfertilizedwith
equalproportionsofNPKfertilizerstopreparethetreesforhealthygrowth.
b.Pruning
Trimallbranches.
Pruneallbranchesaffectedbypestsanddiseases.
Removealldeadanddrybranches.
Applycopperoxidefungicideasprotective/preventivemeasureat
prunedsurfaces.

Eightmythsandfactsfromatopdietician
DURIANINWIKIPEDIA

MoredurianinformationintheInternet
FATSECRET

Checkoutthenutritionalfactsofthe
durianfromUSDAhere...

Pruningaftertheharvestseason

ABOUTME

FrancisChung

c.ApplyingFertilizers
Note:Fertilizerratiosandratessuggestedinthissectionaregeneral
recommendations.Donotusetheseguidelinesasabsolutefigures.
Afterpruning,applycompletefertilizerwithratio15:15:1516:16:16
or20:20:20
Fertilizeramountorrate(usually23kg/tree)dependsontreevigor.
Incorporatefertilizersalongthecanopydripline.
Applyorganicfertilizerattherateof1020kg/tree,accordingtotree
size.
Applyexpressorfoliarfertilizertoimmaturefruitsthatarehangingon
thetrees(SeeNote).
Checksoilforphytophtheraandtermites.

Iretiredfromthe
DepartmentofAgriculture
severalyearsagoandam
presentlyfullyoccupiedwithmy
grandchildren.Thisdurianblogistoshare
myexperiencesinthetechnicalaspects
ofdurianproduction.Iwouldtothankthe
manyreaderswhohaveinvitedmeto
participateinthedurianbusiness.Iwould
liketoreiteratethatIamatechnicalman,
notabusinessman.IDONOTknow
muchaboutthepresentdurianindustry
thesupplyanddemand,thecostings,the
economics,themainplayers,themarket.
AndIdon'thaveanyduriancontacts.So,
pleasedirectyourquestionsorrequests
ondurianproductiontechnicalissues.I
won'tbeabletohelpyouifitisabout
durianbusiness.AllIcansayis
"Agricultureisaprofitablebusiness".It's
uptoyoutomakeitso.Bestwishesand
happydurianhuntingandblogging.
Viewmycompleteprofile
DISCLAIMER

Fertilizersplacedinpocketsaroundthetree

Fertilizersplacedinatrench
alongthedripline
d.KeepingTheFarmClean
Burnalldeadanddrybranches.
Buryorburnallrottenfruits.
Digfurrowsifhavedrainageproblems.
Repairirrigationfacilities.
Removeexcessweeds.
Note:
(foliarfeedingtohastenripeningofimmaturefruitstocompletethe
harvestingstage)
Expressformula1
Glucosesugar600g
Humicacid20cc
Foliarspray1:2:160g
Water20litres
Expressformula2
Maltsugar20cc
Humicacid20cc

Alldataandinformationprovidedonthis
siteisforinformationalpurposesonly.
Thisblogmakesnorepresentationsasto
accuracy,completeness,currentness,
suitability,orvalidityofanyinformationon
thissiteandwillnotbeliableforany
errors,omissions,ordelaysinthis
informationoranylosses,injuries,or
damagesarisingfromitsdisplayoruse.
Allinformationisprovidedonanasis
basis.
Thesepagesareforreviewandcomment.
Pleasefeelfreetosendmeyour
commentsandcriticisms.

Foliarspray15:30:1560g
Water20litres

2.LeafFlushingLeafGrowthStage(AugustSeptember)

CropProductionCycle:LeafFlush

Anewflushofleavesusuallyappearaftertheharvest.Ifthedevelopmentofnew
leavesispoor,orthepreviousharvestwasagoodone,increasethenitrogenin
thefertilizerappliedtothesoil,aswellasinthefoliarsprays.Irrigatingthetrees
frequentlytosupportthedevelopmentofnewleavesisalsoimportant.MostThai
farmersusepipeorsprinklerirrigationsystemnotonlytodeliverwaterbutalso
watersolubleplantnutrientstothetrees.
Applynitrogenfertilizerstostimulateleafflushing.
UsefertilizerwithhighNsuchas15:0:0:or46:0:0atrateof40
50g/20litreswater.Thisisaddedtotheirrigationsystem.
Applysupplementaryplantfoodorexpressfertilizerstonourishthe
leaves.
Checksoilandtreesforphytophteraandtermites.Ifnecessarytake
appropriateaction(s).
Applywaterifweatheristoodry.

Expressformula1
Glucosesugar600g
Humicacid20cc
Foliarspray1:2:160g
Water20litres

Expressformula2
Maltsugar20cc
Humicacid20cc
Foliarspray15:30:1560g
Water20litres

3.DurianTreePreparationForFloweringStage(October)
At2monthsbeforeflowering,fertilizersareappliedwiththeaimof:
helpingexistingleavestomature
preventingtheappearanceofnewleaves,thusavoidingcompetition
fornutrientsand
enhancingflowerinitiation.
FertilizersatthisstageshouldhavehighPandKcontent,andalowN.
Inadditiontofertilizingthesoil,afoliarfertilizerwithnoN,veryhighPandK
contentshouldbesprayed.Boronshouldalsobeapplied.Besidesusingfertilizer,
creatingalong,dryperiodjustafterthecompletionofleafdevelopmenttolimit
vegetativegrowthofthetree,andthenapplyingplentyofirrigationwater,also
helpstoenhanceflowerinitiation.

1. Applyfertilizerstostimulateflowering.
2. UsefertilizerswithhighPandK,ratiosof9:24:248:24:24or12:24:12
3. Rateat25kg/treedependingontreevigour.
4. Pruneincompletebranches.
5. Checkandcontrolbranchweevilsorstemweevils.
6. Domanualweedingofexcessweedsdonotusechemicalweedicides.

TreeRecoveryandFoodCollectionStage

1. Controlwatertothetrees
2. Checkandcontrolredmitesorweeviloutbreaks
3. Iftoomanyflowersonbranches,cutoffexcessflowersatendofbranches.

CropProctionCycle:TreePreparationforFloweringtoFloweringStages

CropproductionCycle:Youngflowerbuds

FloweringInitiationStage

1. Doflowerthinningiftoomanyflowers.
2. Keepflowersofthesameage,andcutofftherest.
3. Whenflowerbudsareatfisheggsize,increasewatersupply.
4. Reducewaterwhenflowersopen.
5. Ifheavywinds,continuewithwatering,donotstopwatering.
6. Checkandcontrolredmites,spraywatertoincreasehumiditytocontrol
redmites
7. Usechemicalpropagyteifheavyredmiteattack

Durianflowersandblooming

Fruitlets
FloweringYoungFruitStage
1. Reducewateringtoonethirdofnormalsupplybeforefloweropening7
10days.
2. Afterthatincreasewatertocorrelatewithfruitgrowth.
3. Dodurianpollination.
4. Check/controlflowerwiltordrypollens.
5. Recordfloweringopeningdateforestimatenextharvesting.

6. Thinyoungfruitsatendofbranches.

CropProductionCycle:FloweringtoFruitGrowthStages
FruitGrowthStage

DurianFruitlets
Toimprovethesizeandgeneralqualityofthefruit,fertilizershouldbeappliedto
thesoilasawellasintheformofafoliarspray.NPKfertilizer1:1:1.5shouldbe
appliedtothesoil.ThefoliarsprayshouldhaveahighKcontent.
1. Increasewater10%ofnormalwatersupply.
2. Thinsmallfruitsorirregularshapedfruits.
3. Ifstrongwindsordryweather,increasewatersupply.
4. Applyfertilizerstonourishfruits/leaves.
5. Fertilizerratio12:12:17:2or4:16:24:4at23kg/treeat60daysafter
floweringopen.
6. Applypotassiumsulphate50%atrate0.5kg/treeat3045daysbeforefruit
ripens.
7. Applyexpressformulaonincompleteleaveswithglucosesugar,humic
acidorfoliarspray1:2:1or15:30:15.

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DISCLAIMER

Alldataandinformationprovidedonthissiteisforinformationalpurposesonly.Thisblogmakesnorepresentationsastoaccuracy,
completeness,currentness,suitability,orvalidityofanyinformationonthissiteandwillnotbeliableforanyerrors,omissions,or
delaysinthisinformationoranylosses,injuries,ordamagesarisingfromitsdisplayoruse.Allinformationisprovidedonanasis

basis.

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