Trng PTTH Ng My

LUYN TP
AXIT, BAZO V MUI. PHN NG TRAO I ION TRONG
DUNG DCH CC CHT IN LI
A. MC TIU BI HC
1. Kin thc:
Cng c v h thng cc kin thc v axit, bazo, hidroxit lng tnh v mui trn c s
thuyt A-re-ni-ut.
2. K nng:
nh gi phn ng trao i ion xy ra dung dch in li.
Vit phng trnh phn t v phng trnh ion.
Gii cc bi tp c lien quan pH, mi trng axit, trung tnh hay kim.
B. CHUN B CA GV V HS
GV: My tnh, my chiu v h thng bi tp luyn tp.
HS: Chun b cc ni dung luyn tp theo SGK.
C. TIN TRNH DY- HC
Hot ng ca GV
Hot ng ca HS
I. KIN THC CN NM
Hot ng 1
GV yu cu HS nhc li cc nh ngha v:
HS tho lun theo nhm.
- Axit.
- Bazo.
- Hidroxit lng tnh.
- Mui.
GV chiu s sau lnn mn hnh
Thuyt A re ni -ut

Axit
H2O
H+

Bazo

Hidroxit
Lng tnh

Mui
H2O

H2O

H2O

OHH+

OH-

Cation
(NH4, kim loi)

Hot ng 2
GV yu cu HS h thng li cc cng th v K H2O= [H+].[OH] = 1,0.10-14
tch s tan ca nuc v pH ca dung dch. GV pH= -lg[H+]
c th hng dn HS xy dng mt s cng [H+]=10-pH mol/l
thc lien quan ti pH gii bi tp.
pOH= - lg[OH-]
[OH-]= 10-pH mol/l
GV ngh cho bit quan h gia pH v mi pH + pOH= 14
trng.
GV: Hong Th Kiu Yn

Trang: 1

Anion
(gc axit)

Trng PTTH Ng My
HS tho lun nhm: 250C nu mt dung dch
c : [H+] > 1,0.10-7 pH< 7 mi trng
axit.
[H+] =1,0.10-7 pH= 7 mi trng trung
tnh.
[H+] < 1,0.10-7 pH> 7 mi trng bazo.

Hot ng 3
Gv yu cu HS nhc li v iu kin phn HS tho lun: Phn ng trao i ion trong dung
ng trao i ion xy ra trong dung dch. Ly v dch cc cht in li ch xy ra khi t nht c
d
mt trong cc iu kin sau:
- To thnh kt ta:
Na2CO3 + BaCl2 BaCO3 + 2NaCl
Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3
- To thnh cht in li yu:
Ca(OH)2 +2HCl CaCl2 + H2O
OH- + H+ H2O
- To thnh cht kh:
Na2SO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + SO2 + H2O
SO32- + H+ SO2 + H2O
II.
BI TP P DNG ( SGK)
GV chiu ln lt cc bi tp ln mn hnh, mi bi cho HS tho lun t 1-3 pht, sau gi i din
cc nhm HS ln bng trnh by v ngh cc nhm nhn xt. Cui cng, b ung hon thin bi
gii, nhn xt, cho im.
1. a) K2S 2K+ + S2b) Na2HPO4 2Na+ + HPO42H2PO4- H+ + PO43c) Na2HPO4 2Na+ + HPO4H2PO4- H+ + PO43HPO42- H+ + PO43d) Pb(OH)2 Pb2+ + 2OHPb(OH)2 H2PbO2 2H+ + PbO22e) HBrO H+ + BrOg) HF H+ + Fh) HClO4 H+ + ClO42. [H+] = 1,0.10-2 M pH = 2 v [OH-] =1,0.10-12 mi trng axit qu c mu .
3. pH= 9.0 [H+] = 1,0.10-9 M v [OH-]= 1,0.10-5 M mi trng kim phenolphthalein c
mu hng.
4. phng trnh ion rt gn
a) Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3
b) Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2
c) HCO3- + H+ CO2 + H2O
d) HCO3- + OH- CO32- + 2H2O
e)Pb(OH)2 + 2H+ Pb2+ + 2H2O
g) H2PbO2 + 2OH- PbO22- + 2H2O
GV: Hong Th Kiu Yn

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Trng PTTH Ng My
h) Cu2+ + S2- CuS
5. p n C.
6. p n B.
7. Cr(NO3)3 + 2NaOH(va ) Cr(OH)3 + 3NaNO3
AlCl3 + 3KOH(va ) Al(OH)3 + 3KCl
Ni(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Ni(OH)2 + 2NaNO3

GV: Hong Th Kiu Yn

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