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Figure 7.12b
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 7.13a
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sulcus
- shallow groove
ex. Central sulcus
Figure 7.13a
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
-transmit impulses
Example: corpus
callosum connects
hemispheres
Figure 7.13a
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
II.Diencephalon
Sits on top of the
brain stem
Enclosed by the
cerebral
hemispheres
Made of
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
a. Thalamus
Surrounds the third
ventricle
Transfers impulses to
the correct part of the
cortex for localization
and interpretation
Interthalamic adhesion
- serves as connection bet.
right and left thalamus
Corpus callosum
- fiber tract
- connects the two
cerebral hemispheres
Septum pellucidum
- bet. Corpus callosum
and fornix
- membranous partition
- separates right and left
lateral ventricles
Fornix
- involved in memory
formation and recall
b.Hypothalamus
Inferior to the
thalamus
Most inferior part of
diencephalon
Maintains
homeostasis
Controls body
temperature,
hunger and thirst
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
infundibulum
- funnel shaped stalk
- extends from the floor
of the hypothalamus
to the pituitary gland
Pituitary
gland/hypophysis
- hangs from the
anterior floor of the
hypothalamus
- produces hormones
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Mammillary body
- posterior to pituitary
gland
- reflex center involved
in olfaction (sense of
smell)
c. Epithalamus
Small area superior and
posterior to the
thalamus
Forms the roof of the
3rd ventricle
Houses the pineal gland
and choroid plexus of
third ventricle
Pineal body
- part of endocrine
system that may
influence the onset of
puberty
Choroid plexus
- knots of capillaries
within each ventricle
-covered with
ependymal cells
- forms the
cerebrospinal fluid
a.Midbrain
Superior to the pons
Extends from the
mammillary body to
the pons inferiorly
Cerebral aqueduct
- tiny canal that
connects 3rd ventricle
to the 4th ventricle
b.Pons
The bulging center
part of the brain stem
Inferior to the
midbrain
Superior to the
medulla oblongata
controls breathing
swallowing and
balance
c.Medulla Oblongata
The lowest part of the
brain stem
Merges into the spinal
cord
Contains important
control centers
Heart rate control
Blood pressure
regulation
Breathing
Swallowing
Vomiting
IV. Cerebellum
Inferior to the occipital
lobe
2 hemispheres
Outer cortex (gray
matter)
Inner region of white
matter (arbor vitae)
Provides precise timing
for skeletal muscle
activity
Controls balance/
equilibrium
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Meninges
Dura mater
Double-layered
external covering
Thickest and
strongest layer
Meninges
Arachnoid layer
Middle meninx
Web-like
Pia mater
Internal layer
Delicate layer that
adheres to the
surface of the brain
and spinal cord
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 7.17ab
Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Pathway
Through 4 ventricles central canal of spinal cord
and within subarachnoid space
Reabsorbed through arachnoid villi into blood in
superior sagittal sinus
Cushions brain and provides nutrients