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C2L1
2014 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)
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Presentation Title (acronym) ;
Division Name/OPU/HCU/BU (acronym) ;
Name of Presenter
Learning Outcomes
1.
2.
3.
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Presentation Title (acronym) ;
Division Name/OPU/HCU/BU (acronym) ;
Name of Presenter
r (t ) f (t ) i g (t ) j h(t ) k
f (t ), g (t ), h(t ) ,
where t is a parameter.
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Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 2014
Example 1
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Presentation Title (acronym) ;
Division Name/OPU/HCU/BU (acronym) ;
Name of Presenter
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Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 2014
r (t ) f (t ), g (t ), h(t )
t a
t a
t a
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Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 2014
L Hospitals Rule
Use L Hospitals Rule when the function resulted to
the following indeterminate form:
0
, , 0
0
The L Hospitals Rule
f (t )
f ' (t )
lim
lim '
t a g (t )
t a g (t )
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Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 2014
Example 2
Evaluate lim cos t , sin t , t ln t
t 0
Ans :
1,0,0
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Name of Presenter
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Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 2014
Space Curve
A parametric equation with
x = f (t) and y = g (t)
generates a curve in 2-space.
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Division Name/OPU/HCU/BU (acronym) ;
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Space Curve
In particular, if x = f (t), y = g (t) and z = h (t) are all linear function, the parametric
equation represents a straight line in space,
DERIVATIVES
Definition:
r (t h) r (t )
r ' (t ) lim
h 0
h
Other notations for derivative such as
d
dr
[r (t )] ,
, r'
dt
dt
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Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 2014
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Derivative Rules
It follows the Rules of Differentiation in Differential
Calculus, however, you are dealing with vector function
where all its components must be differentiated
accordingly.
Example 4
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dr1
dr2
d
r1 (t ) r2 (t ) r2 (t ) r1 (t )
dt
dt
dt
dr1
dr2
d
[r1 (t ) r2 (t )]
r2 (t ) r1 (t )
dt
dt
dt
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Presentation Title (acronym) ;
Division Name/OPU/HCU/BU (acronym) ;
Name of Presenter
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Example 5
Given: 1. r1 (t ) 2t i 3t 2 j t 3 k ; r2 (t ) t 4 k
2. r1 (t ) cos t i sin t j t k ; r2 (t ) i t k
Determine
d
d
[r1 (t ) r2 (t )] and [r1 (t ) r2 (t )]
dt
dt
Answer:
1)
7t ; 18t , 10t , 0
6
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Second Derivative
d r
r ' ' (t ) 2
dt
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Example 6
Find the second derivative of
r (t ) cos 3t , t , sin 3t
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r
Given a curve (t ) in 3-space, how to find the vector
equation of the tangent line at the point t=t0 on the
curve?
z
r (t )
r (t 0 )
Tangent line
y
x
Presentation Title (acronym) ;
Division Name/OPU/HCU/BU (acronym) ;
Name of Presenter
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Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 2014
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v (t ) r ' (t )
r (t0 )
r (t )
Tangent line
y
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Division Name/OPU/HCU/BU (acronym) ;
Name of Presenter
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Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 2014
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r (t ) r (t0 ) t v (t0 )
r ' (t 0 ) v (t 0 )
r (t )
r (t 0 )
Tangent line
y
x
Presentation Title (acronym) ;
Division Name/OPU/HCU/BU (acronym) ;
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Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 2014
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Example 9
Find the
equation of the tangent line of the
parametric
curve R(t ) e2t i 2 cos 3tj 4k at the point t0 1
Answers:
v (t ) 2e 2t i 6 sin 3tj
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Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) 2014
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Integrals
The integral of the vector function is just the same as
the integral for real valued functions except that the
integrand is a vector.
The Fundamental
Theorem of Calculus is also in use
r (t )dt R(t )
b
a
R (b) R (a)
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Integrals
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Example 7
Evaluate
1
(t i t 2 j t 3 k) dt
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Example 8
Evaluate
/4
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