A

SYNOPSIS
ON

AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM WITH SMOKE DETECTOR

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
FOR THE AWARD OF THE
DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN

ELECTRONICS & COMMUICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by
Mohd. Afzal
Ankur Kumar
Rishi Pal Singh

1813025
1813026
1813027

Under the guidance of

Er. Surjit Singh

(2013 2017)

Haryana Engineering College

Jagadhri
(Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra

INTRODUCTION
Fire alarm systems have become increasingly sophisticated and functionally more capable and
reliable in recent years. They are designed to fulfil two general requirements: protection of
property and assets and protection of life. As a result of state and local codes, the life-safety
aspect of fire protection has become a major factor in the last two decades.
All Fire Alarm Systems essentially operate on the same principle. If a detector detects smoke or
heat, or someone operates a break glass unit, then alarm sounders operate to warn others in the
building that there may be a fire and to evacuate. For the system protecting property, it is
additionally likely that the Fire Alarm will incorporate remote signalling equipment which would
alert the fire brigade via a central station.
A fire alarm system comprises a central Control and Indicating Equipment (CIE) with various
types of detectors, manual call points (MCP), interface units and sounders connected to it.
Wired Fire Alarm Systems can be broken down into three categories: Conventional, Addressable
and Analogue Addressable.
The detection principle of an Addressable System is similar to a Conventional System except that
the Control Panel can determine exactly which detector or call point has initiated the alarm.
The detection circuit is wired as a loop and up to 99 devices may be connected to each loop. The
detectors are essentially Conventional Detectors, with an address built in. The address in each
detector, is set by dial switches and the Control Panel is programmed to display the information
required when that particular detector is operated. Additional Field Devices are available which
may be wired to the loop for detection only ie: it is possible to detect a normally open contact
closing such as sprinkler flow switch, or a normally closed contact opening. Sounders are wired
in a minimum of two sounder circuits exactly as a Conventional System.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

Analogue Fire Alarm Systems are often known as Intelligent Fire Alarm Systems. There are
several different types of Analogue Systems available which are determined by the type of
protocol which they use. It is left up to the Control Unit to decide whether there is a fire, fault,
pre alarm or whatever. Essentially however, Analogue Systems are far more complex and
incorporate far more facilities than Conventional or Addressable Systems. Their primary purpose
is to help prevent the occurrence of false alarms.
It should be noted that with Addressable and Analogue Addressable Fire Alarm Systems the
method of wiring to a detector base is different to the method of wiring to a Conventional Base.
Conventional Fire Alarm System
In a Conventional Fire Alarm System, a number of call points or a number of call points and
detectors are wired to the Fire Alarm Control Panel in Zones. A Zone is a circuit and typically
one would wire a circuit per floor or fire compartment.
The Fire Alarm Control Panel would have a number of Zone Lamps. The reason for having
Zones is to give a rough idea as to where a fire has occurred. The accuracy of knowing where a
fire has started is controlled by the number of Zones a Control Panel has, and consequently, the
number of circuits that have been wired within the building. The Control Panel would then be
wired to a minimum of two sounder circuits which could contain bells, electronic sounders or
other audible devices. Sounder Circuits and Detection Zones are wired in a star configuration.
Each circuit would have an end of line device which is used for monitoring purposes.
The conventional system is more suited to smaller installations and usually does not contain the
processing power or sophistication of the addressable system and hence is usually used in the
smaller less complex installation.

Consultation for designing Fire Alarm System

It is always advisable to consult the Local Fire Prevention Officer at an early stage, regarding the
legislation covering a particular premises. The Fire Officer will interpret the Fire Precautions Act
or any other act covering a particular premises and advise on the particular type of Fire Alarm
System that may be required.
It must be remembered that the Fire Prevention Officer is concerned with LIFE, his concern for
property is secondary.

FUTURE SCOPE
This reduction in the ionized particles results in a decrease in the chamber current that is sensed
by electronic circuitry monitoring the chamber. When the current is reduced by a predetermined
amount, a threshold is crossed and an alarm condition is established. Changes in humidity and
atmospheric pressure affect the chamber current. and create an effect similar to the effect of
particles of combustion entering the sensing chamber. To compensate for the possible effects of
humidity and pressure changes, the dual ionization chamber was developed and has become
commonplace in the smoke detector market.

REFERENCES
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sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=15&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwihjvIzKLPAhUC6GMKHYjeDVkQFghEMA4&url=http%3A%2F%2Fbgm.stanford.edu%2Fsites
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https://www.google.co.in/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=-5njV4v8IXI8AeOvIqgCw&gws_rd=ssl#q=automatic+smoke+detection+and+alarm+system+block+diagra
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