Embedment materials listed here include the soil types defined

according to the USCS and a number of processed materials.

These classes along with the USCS letter designation and description are
given in Table 3.1.
Class I comprise angular, 14- to 112-in (6- to 40-mm) graded stone,
including a number of fill materials that have regional significance
such as coral, slag, cinders, crushed shells, and crushed stone. Note:
The size range and resulting high voids ratio of class I material make
it suitable for use to dewater trenches during pipe installation. This
permeable characteristic dictates that its use be limited to locations
where pipe support will not be lost by migration of fine-grained natural
material from the trench walls and bottom, or migration of other
embedment materials into the class I material. When such migration
is possible, the materials minimum size range should be reduced to
finer than 14 in (6 mm) and the gradation properly designed to limit
the size of the voids.
Class II comprises coarse sands and gravels with maximum particle
size of 112 in (40 mm), including variously graded sands and gravels
containing small percentages of fines, generally granular and noncohesive,
either wet or dry. Soil types GW, GP, SW, and SP are included
in this class.
Sands and gravels that are clean or borderline between clean and
with fines should be included. Coarse-grained soils with less than 12
percent but more than 5 percent fines are neglected in ASTM D 2487
and the USCS and should be included. The gradation of class II material
influences its density and pipe-support strength when loosely
placed. The gradation of class II material may be critical to the pipe
support and stability of the foundation and embedment if the material
is imported and is not native to the trench excavation. A gradation
other than well-graded, such as uniformly graded or gap-graded, may

permit loss of support by migration into void spaces of a finer-grained

natural material from the trench wall and bottom.
Class III comprises fine sand and clayey (clay-filled) gravels, including
fine sands, sand-clay mixtures, and gravel-clay mixtures. Soil
types GM, GC, SM, and SC are included in this class.
Class IV comprises silt, silty clays, and clays, including inorganic
clays and silts of low to high plasticity and liquid limits. Soil types
MH, ML, CH, and CL are included in this class. Note: Caution should
be used in the design and selection of the degree and method for compaction
for class IV soils because of the difficulty in properly controlling
the moisture content under field conditions. Some class IV soils
with medium to high plasticity and liquid limits greater than 50 percent
(CH, MH, CH-MH) exhibit reduced strength when wet and should
only be used for bedding, haunching, and initial backfill in arid locations
where the pipe embedment will not be saturated by groundwater,
rainfall, and/or exfiltration from the pipeline system. Class IV soils
with low to medium plasticity and with liquid limits lower than 50 percent
(CL, ML, CL-ML) also require careful consideration in design and
installation to control moisture content, but need not be restricted in
use to arid locations.
Class V includes the organic soils OL, OH, and PT as well as soils
containing frozen earth, debris, rocks larger than 112 in (40 mm) in
diameter, and other foreign materials. These materials are not recommended
for bedding, haunching, or initial backfill.
Class I soils* Manufactured angular, granular material, 1
4 to 11

2 in (6 to 40 mm) in size, including materials having regional significance such as crushed stone
or rock, broken coral, crushed slag, cinders, or crushed shells. Class II soils GW Well-graded
gravels and gravel-sand mixtures, little or no fines. 50 percent or more retained on no. 4 sieve.
More than 95 percent retained on no. 200 sieve. Clean. GP Poorly graded gravels and gravelsand mixtures, little or no fines. 50 percent or more retained on no. 4 sieve. More than 95 percent

retained on no. 200 sieve. Clean. SW Well-graded sands and gravelly sands, little or no fines.
More than 50 percent passes no. 4 sieve. More than 95% retained on no. 200 sieve. Clean. SP
Poorly graded sands and gravelly sands, little or no fines. More than 50% passes no. 4 sieve.
More than 95% retained on no. 200 sieve. Clean. Class III soils GM Silty gravels, gravel-sandsilt mixtures. 50% or more retained on no. 4 sieve. More than 50% retained on no. 200 sieve. GC
Clayey gravels, gravel-sand-clay mixtures. 50% or more retained on no. 4 sieve. More than 50%
retained on no. 200 sieve. SM Silty sands, sand-silt mixtures. More than 50% passes no. 4 sieve.
More than 50% retained on no. 200 sieve. SC Clayey sands, sand-clay mixtures. More than 50%
passes no. 4 sieve. More than 50% retained on no. 200 sieve. Class IV soils ML Inorganic silts,
very fine sands, rock flour, silty or clayey fine sands. Liquid limit 50% or less. 50% or more
passes no. 200 sieve. CL Inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays,
silty clays, lean clays. Liquid limit 50% or less. 50% or more passes no. 200 sieve. MH Inorganic
silts, micaceous or diatomaceous fine sands or silts, elastic silts. Liquid limit greater than 50%.
50% or more passes no. 200 sieve. CH Inorganic clays of high plasticity, fat clays. Liquid limit
greater than 50%. 50% or more passes no. 200 sieve. Class V soils OL Organic silts and organic
silty clays of low plasticity. Liquid limit 50% or less. 50% or more passes no. 200 sieve. OH
Organic clays of medium to high plasticity. Liquid limit greater than 50%. 50% or more passes
no. 200 sieve. PT Peat, muck, and other highly organic soils

bahan embedment tercantum di sini meliputi jenis tanah didefinisikan menurut USCS dan
sejumlah bahan olahan. Kelas-kelas ini bersama dengan penunjukan surat USCS dan deskripsi
yang diberikan pada Tabel 3.1. Kelas I terdiri sudut, 14- 112-in (6- 40-mm) dinilai batu,
termasuk sejumlah bahan mengisi yang memiliki signifikansi daerah seperti karang, terak, abu,
kerang hancur, dan batu hancur. catatan: Rentang ukuran dan mengakibatkan rasio void tinggi
kelas I bahan make cocok untuk digunakan untuk menguras parit selama instalasi pipa. Ini
karakteristik permeabel menyatakan bahwa penggunaannya dibatasi untuk lokasi di mana
dukungan pipa tidak akan hilang oleh migrasi halus alami bahan dari dinding parit dan bawah,
atau migrasi lainnya bahan embedment ke dalam bahan kelas I. Ketika migrasi seperti mungkin,
berbagai ukuran minimum material harus dikurangi untuk lebih halus dari 14 di (6 mm) dan
gradasi yang dirancang dengan baik untuk membatasi ukuran void.

Class I soils* Manufactured angular, granular material, 1/4 to 1 1/2 in (6 to 40 mm) in size,
including materials having regional significance such as crushed stone or rock, broken coral,
crushed slag, cinders, or crushed shells.
Tanah Kelas I * - Membentuk sudut, material granular, berukuran 1/4 sampai 1 1/2 in (6-40 mm),
termasuk bahan yang memiliki yang spesifiknya berupa karang, abu, kerang hancur, dan batu
hancur.

Soil Class

Soil Type

Description of material classification

Manufactured angular, granular material, 1/4 to 1
1/2 in (6 to 40 mm) in size, including materials
having regional significance such as crushed
stone or rock, broken coral, crushed slag, cinders,
or crushed shells.

Soil Class
Class I soils

Soil Type
-

Description of material classification

Manufactured angular, granular material, 1/4 to 1 1/2 in
(6 to 40 mm) in size, including materials having regional
significance such as crushed stone or rock, broken coral,
crushed slag, cinders, or crushed shells.

Soil Class

Soil
Type

Class I soils

Class II soils

GW

Soil Class
Class V soils

Class III soils

Class IV soils

Description of material classification

Manufactured angular, granular material, 1/4 to 1

1/2 in (6 to 40 mm) in size, including materials
having regional significance such as crushed stone
or rock, broken coral, crushed slag, cinders, or
crushed shells.

Well-graded gravels and gravel-sand mixtures, little

or no fines. 50 percent or more retained on no. 4
than 95
on no. 200
Soil Type sieve. More
Description
of percent
material retained
classification
sieve.
Clean.
OL
Organic silts and organic silty clays of low
plasticity.
Liquid
limit 50%
or less. 50%mixtures,
or more
GP
Poorly
graded
gravels
and gravel-sand
passes
no.
200
sieve.
little or no fines. 50 percent or more retained on no.
4 sieve. More than 95 percent retained on no. 200
sieve.
Clean.
OH
Organic
clays of medium to high plasticity. Liquid
limit greater than 50%. 50% or more passes no. 200
SW
Well-graded
sands and gravelly sands, little or no
sieve.
fines. More than 50 percent passes no. 4 sieve.
More than 95% retained on no. 200 sieve. Clean
PT

Peat, muck, and other highly organic soils

SP

Poorly graded sands and gravelly sands, little or no

fines. More than 50% passes no. 4 sieve. More than
95% retained on no. 200 sieve. Clean

GM

Silty gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixtures. 50% or

more retained on no. 4 sieve. More than 50%
retained on no. 200 sieve

GC

Clayey gravels, gravel-sand-clay mixtures. 50% or

more retained on no. 4 sieve. More than 50%
retained on no. 200 sieve.

SM

Silty sands, sand-silt mixtures. More than 50%

passes no. 4 sieve. More than 50% retained on no.
200 sieve.

SC

Clayey sands, sand-clay mixtures. More than 50%

passes no. 4 sieve. More than 50% retained on no.
200 sieve

ML

Inorganic silts, very fine sands, rock flour, silty or

clayey fine sands. Liquid limit 50% or less. 50% or
more passes no. 200 sieve.

CL

Inorganic clays of low to medium plasticity,

gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays.
Liquid limit 50% or less. 50% or more passes no.
200 sieve.

MH

MH Inorganic silts, micaceous or diatomaceous

Class III soils GM Silty gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixtures. 50% or more retained on no. 4 sieve.
More than 50% retained on no. 200 sieve. GC Clayey gravels, gravel-sand-clay mixtures. 50% or
more retained on no. 4 sieve. More than 50% retained on no. 200 sieve. SM Silty sands, sand-silt
mixtures. More than 50% passes no. 4 sieve. More than 50% retained on no. 200 sieve. SC
Clayey sands, sand-clay mixtures. More than 50% passes no. 4 sieve. More than 50% retained on
no. 200 sieve. Class IV soils ML Inorganic silts, very fine sands, rock flour, silty or clayey fine
sands. Liquid limit 50% or less. 50% or more passes no. 200 sieve. CL Inorganic clays of low to
medium plasticity, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays. Liquid limit 50% or less.
50% or more passes no. 200 sieve. MH Inorganic silts, micaceous or diatomaceous fine sands or
silts, elastic silts. Liquid limit greater than 50%. 50% or more passes no. 200 sieve. CH Inorganic
clays of high plasticity, fat clays. Liquid limit greater than 50%. 50% or more passes no. 200
sieve. Class V soils OL Organic silts and organic silty clays of low plasticity. Liquid limit 50% or
less. 50% or more passes no. 200 sieve. OH Organic clays of medium to high plasticity. Liquid
limit greater than 50%. 50% or more passes no. 200 sieve. PT Peat, muck, and other highly
organic soils
`

Soil class
*

Soil type

Description of Material Classification