Chapter 5

True or False
1. Motivation is closely related to the concept of employee engagement.
2. Motivation is one of the four essential drives of individual behavior and performance.
3. Most employers say that nowadays motivating employees is more challenging than it used to be.
4. The problem with the concept of employee engagement is that it lacks theoretical foundation.
5. The concept of employee engagement is related to motivation, but not role perception.
6. The stronger your needs, the less motivated you are to fulfill them.
7. Drives are needs, and are essential parts of human psychology.
8. In the context of motivation, drives are also called primary needs, fundamental needs, or innate
needs.
9. Needs Hierarchy Theory explains how people develop perceptions of fairness in the distribution
and exchange of resources.
10. Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory incorporates only five basic categories.
11. Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory states that people are motivated by only one need at a time.
12. According to Needs Hierarchy Theory, the need for self-actualization continues to develop even
when it is fulfilled.
13. Abraham Maslow was the first to recognize that human thoughts play a role in motivation.
14. Maslow is credited for bringing a mechanistic perspective to the study of motivation.
15. ERG Theory recognizes three learned needs: achievement, affiliation and power.
16. According to ERG Theory, a person can regress down the hierarchy of needs when they fail to
fulfill higher needs.
17. One advantage of ERG Theory over Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory is that the ERG model
seems to explain human motivation somewhat better.
18. Human needs cluster more neatly around the three needs categories in ERG Theory than the
five needs categories in Maslow's Needs Hierarchy.
19. A person's hierarchy of needs is influenced by his or her values.
20. People with a high need for achievement tend to avoid risks and prefer working in teams.

Multiple Choice
72. Motivating employees is more challenging today than two decades ago because:
A. employers have difficulty understanding the different needs and expectations that younger
generation employees bring to the workplace.
B. there is more layers of management today, which makes it more difficult to motivate everyone in
management positions.
C. corporate downsizing and reduced job security have damaged the levels of trust employees
need to work beyond minimum levels.
D. All of the answers are correct.
E. employers have difficulty understanding the different needs and expectations that younger
generation employees bring to the workplace, and corporate downsizing and reduced job security
have damaged the levels of trust employees need to work beyond minimum levels.
73. Expectations of new workforce entrants has:
A. made employee motivation less relevant as an influence on job performance.
B. made it less difficult to motivate employees using financial rewards.
C. made it more difficult to identify what motivates employees.
D. made it impossible to use any form of goal setting.
E. had no effect on employee motivation.
74. All of the following are reasons given for why some employees are "disengaged"
EXCEPT:
A. Companies have not adjusted to the changing needs and expectations of the new workforce.
B. Corporate restructuring (downsizing) has undermined commitment and trust among employees.
C. Pressures from globalization and information technology make it harder to motivate employees
beyond minimum standards.

D. Employees aged 25 to 34 sometimes or frequently feel demotivated.

E. Basic needs have already been provided and satisfied. Therefore higher-level needs are harder
for employers to anticipate and offer.
75. _________ produce emotions, whereas _________ represent the motivational force of
those emotions which are channeled toward particular goals.
A. Drives, needs
B. Needs, drives
C. Thinking, doing
D. Planning, projecting
E. None of the above is correct.
76. Which of the following statements about drives is FALSE?
A. They are also called primary needs.
B. They activate emotions, which put us in a state of readiness to act.
C. They include only basic physiological essentials, such as hunger and thirst.
D. Drives and emotions represent the primary sources of motivation.
E. All of the above are correct.
77. Self-concept, social norms, and past experiences help us:
A. adjust our level of drive-based emotions.
B. regulate our decisions and behaviors.
C. adjust our drive-based emotions, but not our behaviors.
D. make unemotional decisions based on reason and logic.
E. adjust our level of drive-based needs, and regulate our decisions and behaviors.
78. Needs Hierarchy Theory includes all of the following concepts EXCEPT:
A. self-actualization.
B. frustration-regression.
C. esteem.
D. belongingness.
E. physiological needs.
79. Which of these is the most widely known theory of human motivation?
A. Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory
B. Expectancy Theory
C. Goal Setting Theory
D. Equity Theory
E. Learned Needs Theory
80. The highest level need in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is:
A. esteem.
B. safety.
C. power.
D. belongingness.
E. self-actualization.
81. In Maslow's needs hierarchy, the bottom four levels are collectively known as
___________ needs, whereas self-actualization is called a ______________ need.
A. belongingness, infinite
B. fictitious, factual
C. deficiency, growth
D. subordinate, superordinate
E. safety, reward
82. Which of these theories states that we are motivated by several needs, but the
strongest source is the lowest unsatisfied need?

A. Four-drive Theory
B. Needs Hierarchy Theory
C. Equity Theory
D. Distributive Justice Theory
E. Learned Needs Theory
83. If individuals are unable to satisfy a particular need, the ERG theory states that
they:
A. keep trying to fulfill this need until it is satisfied.
B. redirect their efforts towards fulfilling a higher need in the hierarchy.
C. permanently remove the blocked need from their list of needs to satisfy.
D. redirect their efforts towards fulfilling a lower need in the hierarchy.
E. any one of the four options above might occur depending on the individual.
84. Which of these motivation theories arranges employee needs in a hierarchy of
importance?
A. ERG Theory
B. Four-drive Theory
C. Expectancy Theory
D. McClelland's Learned Needs Theory
E. ERG Theory and McClelland's Learned Needs Theory
85. McClelland's Learned Needs Theory does NOT include which of these needs?
A. Safety need
B. Achievement need
C. Socialized power need
D. Personalized power need
E. Affiliation need
86. The desire to seek approval from others, conform to their wishes and expectations,
and avoid conflict and confrontations is called:
A. Need for affiliation
B. Need for power
C. Need for achievement
D. Need for safety
E. Need for existence
87. According to the Four-drive Theory, which of the following is the foundation of
competition and the basis of our need for esteem?
A. Drive to acquire
B. Physiological needs
C. Drive to defend
D. Drive to bond
E. Drive to learn
88. In the Four-drive Theory, the drive ______ is most closely associated with the need for
relative status and recognition.
A. to bond
B. for fairness
C. to achieve goals
D. to acquire
E. for feedback
89. In the Four-drive Theory, the drive ______ is the drive to form social relationships and
develop mutual caring commitments with others.
A. to bond
B. for fairness
C. to defend
D. to acquire

E. to achieve goals
90. The Four-drive Theory is based on the idea that:
A. needs can be learned.
B. needs form a permanent hierarchy.
C. employee motivation is based on expectations.
D. the sources of employee needs are hard-wired through evolution.
E. people do not really have any needs.
91. According to Four-drive Theory, ______ are the conscious sources of human
motivation.
A. co-workers
B. food and drink
C. emotional markers
D. drives
E. justice and equity

Chapter 8
True or False
1. Teams are groups of two or more people who have equal influence over each other regarding the
teams goals and means of achieving those goals.
2. All teams exist to fulfill some purpose, either for the organization or for its members.
3. All teams are groups, but some types of groups are not teams.
4. All groups are teams, but some types of teams are not groups.
5. Team members are held together by their interdependence and need for collaboration to achieve
common goals.
6. Teams are groups with some degree of task interdependence and a common objective.
7. Employees in a department are considered a team only when they directly interact and
coordinate work activities with each other.
8. Informal groups exist primarily to complete tasks for the organization that management doesn't
know about.
9. Task forces are temporary groups that typically investigate a particular problem and disband
when the decision is made.
10. Some informal groups exist primarily to satisfy the drive to bond.
11. Social identity theory partly explains why people join informal groups.
12. Our desire for informal groups is mostly influenced by our drive to defend.
13. Under stressful or dangerous conditions, people are more likely to stay together than disperse,
even when the other people are strangers.
14. Teams typically provide better customer service.
15. Employees are more motivated in teams because they are accountable to fellow team members
who also monitor their performance.
16. Process losses are the resources expended to develop and maintain an effective team.
17. Organizational behavior scholars have concluded that employees always work better in teams
than alone.
18. Social loafing is least common in situations where team members work alone towards a
common output.
19. Social loafing is more common among people with collectivist values.
20. Brooks' Law states that, "Whatever can go wrong in groups will, so one should be prepared for
it.
21. A team's effectiveness is partly measured by how well its members' needs are fulfilled.
22. Team effectiveness refers to how well a team accomplishes its objectives for the organization,
even if this undermines the team's ability to survive for future tasks.
23. Companies with the best team dynamics are more likely to have team-based rewards and
encourage interaction among team members.
24. Teams are generally more effective when the task is complex and lacks definition.
25. Teams are well suited when complex work can be divided into more specialized roles.

Multiple Choice

26. Teams have which of the following features?

A. Two or more people
B. Perceive themselves as a social entity
C. Exist to fulfill some purpose
D. All of the above
E. Only A and C
27. Which of the following statements about teams and groups is FALSE?
A. Some teams exist without any goal or purpose.
B. A team can have dozens of members.
C. Departments are teams when employees interact with each other.
D. All members of a work group have influence, although some may have more influence than
others.
E. A group always requires some form of communication among its members.
28. Departments are considered teams only when:
A. They operate without any supervisor.
B. Everyone in the department has the same set of skills
C. Employees directly interact with each other and coordinate work activities
D. All employees are located in the same physical area.
E. All of the above conditions exist.
29. Some ____ are just people assembled together without any necessary ______.
A. groups, interdependence
B. skunkworks, norms
C. teams, cohesivemess
D. task forces, goals
E. teams, norms
30. Which of these statements is TRUE?
A. All groups are teams.
B. Groups are teams with a high level of task interdependence.
C. Unlike some teams, groups are associated with an organizational objective.
D. Some groups are just people assembled together in the same physical area.
E. Groups are teams without a unifying relationship.
31. A task force refers to:
A. any informal group that has the same members as the permanent task-oriented group.
B. any formal group whose
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