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CHAPTER 4

SHORT-CIRCUIT STUDY

One of the objectives of a short-circuit study is to evaluate


the short-circuit current rating of a protection device such as close
and latch (Making) rating of MV circuit breakers and interrupting
(Breaking) rating of the MV and LV circuit breakers. The calculation
results of this study will also be used in protective device
coordination as well as on arc-flash analysis. This short-circuit study
will perform both ANSI momentary and interrupting calculations of
three-phase faults, single line-to-ground faults, line-to-line faults
and double line-to-ground faults on various fault points within the
PE2 expansion system.
4.1 Methodology
According to Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 2009 Article
1.10.1.9, Equipment intended to interrupt current at fault levels
shall have an interrupting rating sufficient for the nominal circuit
voltage and the current that is available at the line terminals of the
equipment. Therefore, a short-circuit study is essential in selecting
the interrupting and making capacity of circuit breakers and fuses.
Calculated values of short-circuit current are also used in Protective
Device Coordination and Arc-Flash Study.
Fault

points

are

selected

such

that

the

short-circuit

condition occurs on the immediate point of the downstream


terminals of the protection equipment and is summarized in Table
4.1. Fault locations

Chapter 4-Short-circuit Calculation

Page 179

Table 4.1 Summary of Fault Points


Fault
Point
F1

Fault Location

Fault Type

Networks

Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG

Momentary,
Interrupting

F3

13.8kV Power Plant Bus


and downstream of
BAC908
Primary terminals of
TRM1
6.9kV switchgear (bus)

F4

Primary terminals TRL3A

F5

Primary terminals TRL3B

F6

MCC8 Bus

Momentary,
Interrupting
Momentary,
Interrupting
Momentary,
Interrupting
Momentary,
Interrupting
Momentary

F7

MCC9 Bus

F8

PE-KM5806 Terminals

F9

PE-YM7601 Terminals

F10

PE-KM8639 Terminals

F11

PE-KM8601 Terminals

F12

PC001 Terminals

F13

GM1412 Terminals

F14

GM1413 Terminals

F15

VM5814 Terminals

F16

GM8103A Terminals

F17

GM8103S Terminals

F18

MNDB Terminals

F19

EMBD Terminals

F20

YM7607 Terminals

Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG

F2

Chapter 4-Short-circuit Calculation

Momentary
Momentary
Momentary
Momentary
Momentary
Momentary
Momentary
Momentary
Momentary
Momentary
Momentary
Momentary
Momentary
Momentary
Page 180

F21

SM8645 Terminals

F22

GM7612 Terminals

F23

7601M1 Terminals

F24

KM8607 Terminals

Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG
Bolted-3ph,SLG,
LL, DLG

Momentary
Momentary
Momentary
Momentary

F1 is a fault point occurring just downstream of BAC 908


breaker while F2 is fault on high voltage terminal of TRM1. F3, F4
and F5 are fault points on 6.9kV buses while F6 and F7 are fault
points on 480V buses. F8 up to F24 are fault points on critical 480V
loads. These fault locations are shown in Appendix B (Single Line
Diagram-Fault Point Locations).
This study used the detailed recommendations from IEEE
Std. 551-2006 Violet Book in calculating the fault currents and
evaluation of equipment ratings [4] as well as ANSI IEEE C37.0101999 [5]. The calculations will have two major parts namely
Momentary short-circuit calculations and Interrupting short-circuit
calculations.
Both

momentary

and

interrupting

calculations

are

performed. With each calculation, the three-phase, single line-toground, line-to-line and double line-to-ground fault currents are
calculated. The E/Z method is used while separate X and R network
reduction is utilized to calculate the X/R ratio at fault point
necessary in determining the AC and DC decrement factors.

Chapter 4-Short-circuit Calculation

Page 181

Table 4.2 Protection Device Short-circuit Rating Evaluation


Summary
SHORTCIRCUIT
CURRENT
I
MOM,SYM,
RMS
I
MOM,ASY
M,PEAK
I
MOM,ASY
M,RMS
I
INT,ASYM,
RMS

POWER FUSE

MV VCB

Rated
Interrupting
Capacity
Rated
Asymmetrical
Interrupting Peak
Rated
Asymmetrical
Interrupting RMS

Rated Making
(Peak) or
C&L

LV ACB

LV
MCC
B

Rated Interrupting

Rated
Interrupting
capacity

It should be clearly noted that motors driven by PWM type


VFD are not expected to contribute fault currents and therefore not
included in the short-circuit impedance network. This is because in
standard PWM VFD, no energy can be transferred back to the AC
line since the overvoltage condition forces the input rectifier section
of the drive into an off or non-conducting state.
For capacitor bank, since each capacitor is installed with a
current limiting reactor, the contribution of capacitor during shortcircuit condition is also neglected. Moreover, IEEE Violet Book
recommends the exclusion of capacitor contribution on short-circuit
studies [4].

Chapter 4-Short-circuit Calculation

Page 182

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