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    petroleum

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    5 vues19 pages

    Carte Engleza 0

    Transféré par

    Nicu Sarafu
    petroleum

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme DOC, PDF ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 19
    Kick off ‘Match the labels with the photos. 1 pipeline 5. terminal 2 oil refinery 6 exploration team 3 oil wel 7 petrol pump 4 tanker Put them in order from the well to the customer. There is more than one possi A barrel of crude oil G An expert describes what happens to a barrel of crude oil Listen to part Aand answer the questions 1 What are the different colours of crude oil? 2. How many metric tonnes of oll travel by tanker 3. How many barrels of cil go through the Straits of Horm: 4 How long is the Druzhba pipeline? ar? ach day? 5. How many barrels does the Druzhbs pipeline transport each day? @ Abare of oi contains 2 US gallons {058 itzes}, but it ean make ad gallons of petroleum procicts! Listen to part SE ane the labes onthe diagram. petrol gascline complet @ listen to part ¢ What uses of bitumen asphalt petroleum does the talk about? Does anything surprise you? 1-19 US gallons US gallons fuel Us gallons other fuel and 7US gallons products ill and gas today $ ee Tey Project 1 Find out which regions have the biggest known oil reserves, 2 Find a map of the Druzhba pipeline and see where it goes. ft’s my job 1 Hamdar isa trainee i interview by mate mes from Abu Dhabi. He Complete the hing} What are you doing at the moment? 2 Who are your calleag 3. How did you join the company? 4 What do you do when you're not at work? 5. Sowhat’s the next step? 6 What do you like best about your jal 7 Why did you want to work in this field? SEE RRS fn Al Me a During the summer vacation, I joined our national oil company's training programme. I'm training to be a lly qualified instrument engineer. It takes two years.1 ‘work at the main refinery. Our refinery produces a wide etroleum products, | am interested in computers and science, The job means | can use the theory in real-life situations. « —_ Well, right now we are updating the control rooms for the refinery. You know, to make it more modern It is a really interesting project. Safety isa major part instrumentation so you can learn about how the whole xefinery works. I don’t understand everything yet. Nell, work with several other nationalities. We ofte spend time together after work But I'm also proud tobe part of a growing number of lo nd to increase know-how trainees. [believe itis in the country In this unit finding out about oil reserves ‘@ describing routines and activities «© discussing the upstream and downstream sectors 6 identifying key jobs in the petroleum industry © describing responsibilities € introductions and greetings Read th 1 How did Hamdan get his job? How does Hamdan feel about the opportunity he has? niterview again and answer the questions. I students are special? How else does the company help Hamdan in his free time? Discuss your answers to the questions in groups or as a class. 1 Are there similar opportunities in your country? 2. How international is ‘the oil business where you come from? 3 How-learis your of For me, the best thing is that can learn about ak different things. [know something about instruments but there is also telecommunications, computer technology, and other engineering subjects. ! want tolearn more about administration, petroleum engineering in general, and the different cultures of the people I work with, f Like sport ~ often play volleyball after work. ! usually play twice a week, but this evening we are working late. My family owns a large house where I live with my parents and brothers and sisters, but this week am staying in the company guest house ‘graduate development programme, which means a placement at an overseas university. If you work hard, there is no limit to what you can achieve. ant to apply for a place on the compar 6 Unit « Language spot Routines and activities 1. Sentences a-c use the Present Simple. Which sentence 1 describes a general fact? 2. describes something that happens regularly / aroutine? 3. gives a piece of personal information? a come from Abu Dhabi. b Our refinery produces a wide range of petroleum products © We often spend time together after work 2 Sentences d-f use the Present Continuous. Which sentence describes 1_anaction we can see right now? 2 anaction in progress over a longer period of time~ around now? 3 an action which is a change in habit / routine? 4 I'm training to be an instrument engineer. € Lusually play twice a week, but this evening we are working late £ atthe moment, we're updating the control rooms 3 Which time phrases do we use with which tense? ‘Write PS (Present Simple) or PC (Present Continuous} 1 5 sometimes 2 ment 6 this week 3. most of the time 7 today 4 right now 8 twiceaweek 4 Some verbs always use the Present Simple never the sent Continuous. Identify the verbs in these sentences, 1 Tknow something about instruments, 2 Like sport. 3. My family owns a large house. Find more examples of verbs that only use the Present Simple in it's my job, 5 Complete these’Sentences with the correct form of the verbs in bracke {sit} behind a desk, (get) some practical 1 Most of the time he but this week he experience offshore 2. Alot of different nationalities in the refinery, so sometimes people (have) problems communicating (work) 3 1____{not understand) how this instrument (work) Can you explain it tome? 4 Im sorry, Mr Peters isn’t here He ____ (have) an Arabic lesson He____ always have) one on Monday evening. 5 He (enjoy! sport a lot. He (go}to the gym twice a week. He (train) for next month’s marathon, 6 Write two sentences that describe your routines and actions that are in progress. Exchange and compare them with a partner >? Goto Grammar reference p 1 Reaging The petroleum process 1 Look at the flow chart and decide if 1-8 are upstream, ‘midstream, or downstream. Tick (/) the boxes. fl ransportation | | of crude oil 2 selling of natural gas to consumers. 3 explorati and discovery 6 asphalt production T recovery of crude oil and i gasoline from afi ing station downstream (ad}}refning, processing, and selling ts prow better ing lubricant in often a typeof ol that is used to stop gart of machinery the verbs. Vocabulary refine Key jobs icate 1 Match the jobs with the photos 1 land surveyor 4 piping designer nncetechnician 5 refinery manager um chemist 6 n2, What do y pattern? safety 0 exploration ee@e From well to user Upstream activity -xploration and ction of ol Midstream sportation by Ker of Ing Production, 2, and Offoacing} vessel Downstream at all terminal and ref ity fuel: gasoline / petrol, dis petroleum * asphat cite 2. Which do you think is the most in * syntetis uber o:ye * plesics e.g pol 3 @ tisten and repeat the names in Follow the intonation patten EXAMPLE ie products: lubricants, fertilizers land survey 4 @ Six people describe their jobs. Listen and say who is sp Suffixes: erat the en ws that we are talking about a job o: profession. Identify uffixes in 8 Unit) e Language spot Describing responsibilities 1. Study the list of verbs and expressions that the 1 speakers in Vocabulary use to talk about their jobs and responsibilities. Go to the listening script on p.123 and underline them, Verbs Jlook after I monitor loversee Expressions I'min charge of (doing something) I'm involved in (something / doing someth Tm responsible for something / doing something) 2 Work in paits and imagine that you have one of the jobs from Vocabulary’. Make short conversations. EXAMPLE A Hi,are you new here? B Yes, lam, Myname’s Walid. 'm piping designer A Oh really? So what does your job involve / What do ‘you do every day? B Weil idesign piping systems n a refinery It involves calculating flaw rates and pressures. What about you? 2 Think of one more job and describe its activities and responsibilities to the class, Can they say what you do? EXAMPLE Well I'm in charge of taking the oil tanker into the terminal. When i get on the tanker, the captain gives ‘me control of the vessel. know the waters around the terminal better than anyone else. Iam responsible for the safe arrival of vessels in our port. Answer: tanker pilot Speaking Hello, goodbye @ Mr Gibson, the safety manager, is introducing Hamdan toDr Al Harbi, the refinery manager. Listen to conversation & and answer the questions. 1 How does Mr Gibson introduce Hamdan? 2. What question does Dr Al Harbi ask? 3. How does Hamdan reply? @ Listen to conversation B and answer the questions. 1. Whois F 2. What is Farid doing at the moment? Which conversation is more formal and pol: @ listen again and write 7 (true) or F false) 1 Dr Al Harbi and Mr Gibson are close friends. Dr Al Harbi is more senior than Mr Gibson. Hamdan shows respect to Mr Gibson, Hamdan is Farid's boss. Hamdan and Farid are the sai company age / level Match a more polite expression from A with ak formal expression from B A B 1 Hello a Have you got a 2 Tdlike to introduce minute? youto b How'sit going? 3. Tmvery pleased to c Bye meet you. d- lwant youto 4 How are you finding it? meet 5 Imveryhappytobehere. Nice tomeet 6 Please excuse me.1 you have to go. £ See you around, 7 Thope to see you g Hi gain. h i'mhavinga 8 May bother youa great time moment? Sorry, have 8 Goodbye togo ‘Are you more confident in formal or informal situations? Work in groups of three, Choose jobs from Vocabulary p] Take tums to introduce each other. Use formal and less formal expressions Oil and gas today 9 Professional skills Meeting and greeting How do people in your culture greet each other? Do you shakehands? kiss?» hug? look at the list. Which subjects are good ways of starting a conversation with 1 someone you meet for the first time? with? work money thproblems holidays the weather the news What advice can you give to a visitor who is coming to your country for the first time? someore new to your school or company? Checklist Assess your progress in this unit, Tick (7) the statements which are true. I can describe what happens toccrude oil | can talk about routines and current activities I can talk about responsibilities I can introduce, meet, and greet new people Key words Adjectives downstream upstream Nouns fuel instrument oil refinery pipeline plant reserve ' sample terminal Verbs flow oversee fine update Look back through this unit. Find five more words or expressions that you think are useful 1 Look at pictures a each have and gas industry. with the 0,000 tonnes. e transported in pipelines. hat the oll we use today was made from very small animals that lived in the sea and died over 300 million years ago An accident with an oil tanker can kill many plants with your partner possible le frst use oil for? product? ry truck transport _ transportation Discovery 1 SS as e Language spot Past Simple We use the Past Simple to talk about things that happened at a time in the past. People used oil to light their homes They didn't want the oi. When did people begin to drill for oil? We often use the Past Simple with time expressions like four thousand years ago, in 1819, when?, etc. The Past Simple of be is was / were. There was oil along river banks The oil wasn't important. © We form the Past Simple of regular verbs by adding » 1 Look at the listenin -dor-ed. used, employed, decided, erected The Past tense of some verbs is irregular. come -came — find-found build - built We use did to form negative sentences and questions. They didn’t want the ot! When did people begin to drill for il? Grammar reference p script to Listening on p.123 and find the Past Simple forms of these verbs. 1 2 Put the verbs in brackets in the Past Si burn 6 produce collect 7 put can 8 thow) ___ dis] _____ 9 use find 10 want dictionary if necessary. George Bissell (be) a young lawyer in 1853. He 2 (visit) Pennsylvania and (see) how people got oil. They put) blank spoil and then drain) the oil into barrels. They —_____"luse) the ofl as a medicine. He take) some oil toa chemist called Silliman. Silliman (analyse) the oil and (say) that it could be very useful. tn this unit ‘© important events in the history of oil and gas ‘® how to pronounce Past Simple verbs ‘© writing short reports about past events ‘© using large numbers ‘finding out about the oil industry in your region ‘Around this time, Bissell___ (see) some pictures of people driling for salt and he —____* (have) the idea to drill for oll He ___{invest) a Jot of money in the region and {become} very successful 3. Make questions about George Bissell using the notes When / George Bissell / visit Pennsylvania? ‘What / people / use ol for? 3. What /Silliman / say about the oil? 4 Where Bissell get the idea to drill for oil? 4 Work in pairs to ask and answer the questions in 3. Pronunciation We pronounce the -ed ending of verbs in three diferent ways. un 1 @ Listen to the verbs and complete the table collected stored —distilled-— analysed invented used riled invested produced burned —visited=—=—worked seeped wanted — drained 4 id _ 2 @ Listen again and check your answers. Practise saying the words 3 Complete the rules 1 Ifaverb ends in at’ or /d, sound, the final -ed is pronounced. 2 Ifaverbends in a voiceless consonant sound (ips, kif Ish, sh oth), the final -ed is pronounced —__. 3 Ifa verb endsin a voiced consonant sound (big is pronounced. aw, ith, 12 Unit 2 Reading The effects of oil 1 Imagine a small, quiet village in your country. The people in the village have some animals and grow some food, Things don’t change quickly in this village One day an oil company comes to look for oil. They find oi! near the village. How does life change for the village people? Work in small groups. Discuss how things change, Think about jobs new industry «the environment money population, EXAMPLE Jobs I think there are lots of new jobs when oils found, for example, People stop looking after animals and g ng food because Read about how the oil industry developed in Venezuela and answer the questions. 1 When was oil frst drilled in Venezuela? 2. Where did the oil companies come from? 3. Why do you think the people of Venezuela were still poor before 1944? 4 What changed in 1944? 5 How important is oll to Venezuela today? ‘Think about the development of the oil industry in your country. What are the things which were similar in your country and Venezuela? What things were different? The oil industry in Venezuela rly ol drillers thought cil could only be ‘ound near smal © Why did they think this? © Where docil driers lack forolltoday? vers and streams It’s my job 1. These people are looking for oil They use a lot of equipment. What do you think they enjoy about their job and what don’t they enjoy? > @ Listen to Alfred Luki. Why did he choose his job? 2G) Listen again and answer the questions. 1 What is Alfred's job? What are his working hows? How far does he walk each day? Did he go to college? What training did he do when he started? What does he want to do next? Why does he say his job is hard? Would you lke to work as a jug hustler? Why / why not? 1n 1914, the first important oil well was drilled in Venezuela, Large oil companies from other countries, mainly Britain and America, arrived in Venezuela. In 1929, Venezuela was the second largest ofl exporter in the world ere were many changes. Before oil was found, people in Venezuela worked in farming They had animals and grew food. They also worked in factories and made goods. Then people moved into the oil industry. Oil companies from other countries needed workers and people left the land, New towns grew up it production grew very fast and the oil compan grew rich, but the people of Venezuela were st poor. Things changed in 1844 and oil companies had to give half of the money they made from cil 12 Venezuela. Today the cil industry in Venezuela belongs to Veneauela and itis the fifth largest oi exporting country in the world The ESSO name comes from the i 2. Study the information abot rsS.and O of Standatd Oil Writing EXON Ashort report Mobil company names have in common? the history of an oil company and use it to complete the short report belo Rockefeller Company i others stat Standard Oil ie bring out new fuel Esso npanies use new technology to make more gasoline 927 produce frst anificial rubber still used for tyres today) Qatar Rockefeller and other people started in £870. Later it joined with other companies and in 1926 — called __. It used new _*in 1936, The following year, -* which is still used for making and other products. The company started to in 1942. 30 years late it technology to — researc use 0 the company and in 1999, joined to form a larger company. In 2005, ExxonMobil worked with other international oil companies to the giant ish North Field in Qatar. Notice how We refer to past time when writing a report in 1870 30 years later The following year Two years after that We connect events using and. 30 years later, the company changed its name to Exon Corporati 99, Exxon and Mobil joined to form a larger company Discovery 13 3 Lookat the netes about the history of Shell Write a short report using the Past Simple and time phrases. SHELL 152. Marcus and Sam Samuel decide o anspor oi in oil tankers. The first oil tanker sails through the Suez Canal cn ann Sri a apy he Shell anspor and Tiading Company Selon and Trading Company & ~The shell ipecten) becor Company becomes Royal Dutch Shell Group. hey hegin production in Russia, Romania, Venezuela, Mexico, and the USA. Prince Boxghese wins the Peking to Paris motor rally with Shell motor sprit Alcock and Brown use Shell ful io make the first Might across the Atlantic. Company loses buildings and equipment during the wa Oil found ia Shell drill offshore oi! well in the Gulf of Mexico Shell has 30¢ 0 Oil production in Nigeria stants, Shell helps stat ofl production in Ih also discovers gas inthe North Sea, Shell develops oilfields offshore in the Nort: Sea. 14 Unit 2 Vocabulary Numbers 1 Match the words with the numbers. one billion (bn) 1,000 1 2 onemillion {m) 3,000,000 3. one trillion © 1,090000,000 4 one thousand —d_1,000,000,000,000 We don't add -s to thousand, million, billion, and trillion to make them plural. They produce 25 million barrels of oil a day, We use the plural verb form after numbers but not with an amount of money. 600,900 people work here $200,000 is a good price. Number Wesay 1,640 one th wundred and forty 3,440,000 three million, four hundred and forty thousand 25billion two point five billion $53 billion five point three billion dollars 2 @ Read these numbers. Then listen and check 11850 3. 187000 5 €380500 2 24million 4 $57bn 6 4555200 Correct the mistakes in the 1 A thousand workers now lives in this area, 2 §20bbillion are a lot of money. ences, Oil was formed 300 millions years ago. Nine million barrels of oil leaves the refinery each ay @ Read eaci -ntence. Listen and chi Checking understanding When you are listening to others, face-to-face, or on the telephone, you may need to check that you have understood correctly by using phrases like these Did you say 149 metres? 2439. We can interry repeat what th t someone politely and ask them to have said with (i'm) sorry. What did you say? Paul Getty, founder Getty Ol Company Excuse me. Can / Could you repeat that, please? Could you repeat the number, please? We can ask someone to spell a name with: Can /Could you spell that, please? 1. Work in pairs. Zach of you has information about an important oilfield Student A, goto p06. Student 3, go topo. 2 Use the information to label the map. THE RUSSIAN/FEDERATION Oregbueg, Project Search the inter oilan jet to find out about the history of the gas industry in your region, Make notes under these headings date oil / gas first discovered location oil companies quantity of oil / gas how life has changed for the people of the region 2. Work in small groups. Share the information you have found and work together to prepare a poster on @ white board or fip chart. When you have finished, join another group. Use your poster to tell them about wi you have found out Listen to what they have found What information is the same and what is different? covery 15 oem see ot ceeds | Professional skills How to manage your time Work in pait small groups and discuss these questions, Do you normally finish your work on time? w often do you finish your work late? Vould you like to have more free time? Read the advice about how to manage your time pieces of bad advice. Put a cross (x) besid advice which is best for you. Make alist of the tasks you have to do and the deadiines. Decide which are the most important tasks and put them at the top of your list. Oo ake atmetable and decide when you are gong to doyour work [_] Keep your mobilephone switched on and nearyou oO Remember to make time to relax as wellas work oO DB Do the tasks you like best frst jon’t want to work, leave it until tomorrow, Concentrate on the task and don't let other things distract you Find a place to work where you can concentrate uta task once you have finished nooo Work in pairs and compare your answers. Can you think of any other good ways to manage your time? Which things should you do better? BrE bile phone cell phone score out cross off Checklist Assess your progress in this unit. Tick () the statements which are true. Ican talk about past events inthe history of oil and gas Ican pronounce the endings of Past Simple ican write about past events Ican read and use large numbers Key words Adjectives artificial offshore seismic waterproof Nouns bitumen equipment logo population process surface Verbs burn distil distract vent measure Look back through this unit. Find five more words or expressions that you think are useful with the products Picture | Product Used for eas cooking and heating 2 petrol / gasoline 3 nap’ ha making other products 4 kerosene heating oulldings and fuel for aircraft fuel for cars, lorries, and é lubricating oil making machine parts move easily bitumen / asphalt making roads a -O.4 2 Chemicals made from oil are used to m f product anumber rmany products can you name? EXAMPLE nylon and other man-made fibres = The chemistry of hydrocarbons Work in small groups. Match the word with the correct definition, a This consists of any number of atoms that are bonded together 2 molecule b Different comp. together in the sa example crude oll ‘The smallest pai substance that can exist 4 mixture 4 The temperature when a liquid changes into a gas 3 boiling point Look at the diagrams of three shape are they? Match the diag conrect word. Oo site Ay straight chain branching chain ring Read the text. Write T (true) or F (false) rhere are three Hydrocarbons 4 Natural gasisa mixture of hydrocarbon gases. 5 Hydrocarbons with five carbon atoms are gases, 6 Diesel boils at a higher temperature than gasoline Naphthas 8 Bitumen e good fuels s solid ind the different hy he text Work in pairs. tioned in apie Methane Crude oil and natural gas are often found together. They are both made up of hydrocarbons, which are molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons contain a lot of energy. When we burn them, we get this energy. We use hydrocarbons for fuel for heating, cooking, and transponation. ‘There are also many products that we can make from hydrocarbons. We use chemical processes to change the hydrocarbon chains to make nylon, medicines, and lots of different plastics, Hydrocarbons have diferent iengths and structures. Some are straight chains, some are branching chains and some are rings. The smallest hydrocarbons are colourless gases under normal temperature and pressure. These are small molecules with one, two, three, of four carbon ators. The smallest is methane (CH). It has one carbon atom surrounded by four hydrogen atoms. Natural gas is a mixture of small hydrocarbons ~ methane (CH), ethane (C,H), propane (C,H), and butane (C,H,J. They are used as fuels. Hydrocarbons with more than four carbon atoms in each molecule are liquid. Crude oils a liquid under normal temperature and pressure. It is a mixture of more than 100 diferent hydrocarbon molecules As hydrocarbon molecules get bigger they have higher boiling point, soit is possible to separate the hydrocarbons. This happens at a refinery Gasoline isa fixture of hydrocarbons with between five and eleven carbon atoms. It bums easily ands an important fuel. is colourless but we add colour for safety. Naphthas are hydrocarbons with between seven and thirteen carbon atoms. They are clear liquids. We do not use them directly as fuels, but we can change their molecuiar structure at the refinery to make different fuels, They are important for paints and products that dy quick. Kerosene, diesel, and fuel cis are mixtures of larger molecules wth higher boiling points. The largest hydrocarbons in crude cil are solid. They have more than 50 carbon atoms in long chains. Bitumen (Am E = asphalt) san examaie. We use bitumen for building roads. Hydrocarbons 17 fn this unit 4 the chemistry of oil and gas using countable and uncountable nouns, articies © using your internet search skills to find out about tectonics recording new words € writing a short report after an oll analysis Listening The formation of oil and gas 1 Oiland gas ate fossil fuels. What does fossil fuel mean? 2 They are finite resources, What does finite mean and why are oil and gas finite resources? 3G) Listen to part ofa lesson on the formation of oi! and gas and label diagram 1 Diagram 1 4G Listen again if necessary and label diagram 2 with 3 reservoir rock 4 oil and gas 1 source rock 2 cap rock C Poh __eee ey me AS O microscopic organisms. When organism dies, itsinks tothe bottom of ___'sea.It forms layer of organic material. This gets, covered in — layers of sand and mud air can'treach " organic matter. ee parts ~ grains (natural ent [bongs the grains togeiner) and pores spaces Filled with water, ol gas}. The pote space gives the rock porosity and determines the otal volume of the Feld The natural Cement determines the 1ock permeability and the production rate from the Feld Professional skills Making a presentation 1 Look at the list of points to think about when you are preparing to give a presentation to other people, Work in pairs and decide which ones you think are true and which ones are false, Write T (true) or F (false) 1 Everyone will understand the words you use. 2_ It's important to find out what they know before you start. 3 Remember to use simple language. 4 Itsnot necessary to organize your points. 6 Give details after you explain the background, Speak quickly to save time e pictures or diagrams. 8 Put lots of information on the diagrams. 9 Ask people if they understand 10 Don't write down everything you want to say beforehand 2 Work in small groups 1 Think about a presentation you have heard, What ‘was good and what was not very good? How could the speaker do better? 2 What do you think is the most difficult thing when you have to make a presentation? Project From the library or on the internet, find out about the inpairs 1nd gas are found in porous sedimentary rocks Find out about the different types of sedimentary rocks associated with oll and gas. Which types are area? following, Wo: 1 mast common in y Hydrocarbons 19 2. The diagram shows different kinds of oil and natural gas traps Find out about these different traps. Make notes so you can explain how they are created. You may fd the following websites helpful www.maverickenergy.com www.ollandgas org.uk Vocabulary Recording new words 1 When you write down new words, remember to note down if it isa noun, verb, adjective, or adverb. it's 2 good idea to nate down one or two words which are often used together with your new word. EXAMPLE atom (noun)-carbon atom, an atom of hydroge organic (adjective): organic matter, organic chemistry 2 Another way to help remember a new word is to write it ina sentence. That helps you remember the meaning and also how to use the word. EXAMPLE sedimentary (adjective) layers ‘organic matter form sedimentary’ rocks exist (verb) molecules with more tian four carbon atoms exist as a liquid nd, mud, and Find ive new words from this unit, Use a good English lish dictionary, such a the Oxford Wordpower Dictionary, and find out ifthe word sa noun, verb adject 4 or adver, Write each new word in a sentence 20 Unit 3

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